人教版高一英语--直接引语与间接引语的转换

语法专项—直接引语与间接引语

一、直接引语

在引用别人的原话时，被引用的句子称为直接引语（direct speech）。引起引语的词称为引用动词（reporting verbs）。

“I remember I had seen you.”I said.

“I rang the bell,”James said,“and your maid let me in.”

“I know that.”replied Mrs. Green.

二、间接引语

当人们用自己的话报导别人的话时，被报导的部分称为间接引语（indirect speech），也可称作引语结构（report structure）。

Mary said she had already seen the film.

He replied that he was going by train.

这时被引用部分常常是引用动词的宾语。除了say, reply这类词外，还有很多动词可跟这种从句。

He felt he had to do something.

She guessed that he had gone to town.

He thought she was worried.

He explained that the train wasn’t running.

在使用间接引语时要注意下面几点：

1．引语前一般要用连词that。在个别动词后（如say, tell等）或在口语中可省略。

He told his mother that the boy was very naughty.

He says he can’t wait another day.

2．要根据意思改变人称。

“I’ve got your letter,” she said.

→

She said to him, “Your pronunciation is better than mine.”

→

3．引语中的谓语要和句子主要谓语在时态上一致。

Kitty said,“I’ll call again after supper.”

→Kitty promised that she call again after supper.

Mary said,“I’m beginning to sleep better.”

→Mary said that she beginning to sleep better.

Nancy said,“We’ ve got two first places in the sports meet.”

→Nancy said that they got two first places in the sports meet.

过去时若有表示具体年份的状语，则不必改变。

“I was born in 1980.”Julia said.

Julia said that she was born in 1980.

4．指示代词、地点及时间状语等，也需作必要的更动。

She said,“I’ll come here again tonight.”

→She said (that) she would go again .

He said,“I arrived yesterday morning.”

→He said (that) he’d arrived the morning before.

She said,“My sister will be back tomorrow evening.”

→She said (that) her sister would be back the following evening.

一般说来，here 常改为there，today 改为that day。这类改变大致可用下表表示：在直接引语中在间接引语中

指示代词this (place)

these (places)

that (place)

those (places)

时间状语now

today, tonight

this week (month, etc)

yesterday

last week (month)

two days (a year, etc) ago

tomorrow

next week (month, etc.)

then

that day, that night

that week (month, etc.)

the day before, the previous day

the week (month, etc.) before

two days (a year,etc.) before (earlier)

the next (following ) day

the next (following) week (month,etc.)

表地点

的词

here there

动词come, bring go , take

动词时态一般现在时

现在进行时

现在完成时

一般过去时

过去完成时

一般将来时

一般过去时

过去进行时

过去完成时

过去完成时

不变

过去将来时

三、几种句子的间接引语

1．陈述句和感叹句的间接引语

一般都要变成以that 引导的宾语从句，口语中that可省略，引述动词用say, tell 等。感叹号变成句号。

He said:“I’ve left my book in my room.”

→He told me that .

She said:“He will be very busy.”

→She said .

He often says,“What a great country China is!”

→He often remarks with admiration (that ) China is such a great country.

2．疑问句的间接引语

（1）一般疑问句后连接代词用if或whether，而引述选择疑问句时用whether，引述动词用ask，没有间接宾语的可以加一个间接宾语me, him等。

She said to Tom,“Can you help me ?”

→She asked Tom if / whether he could help her.