翻译第一课

一．信达雅的三种境界

1. 他(她)挺有修养的。有修养

第一反应：(To be well cultivated/educated/civilized) 教育程度跟修养还是有一定的区别

She is very graceful. He is a decent man. He is full of dignity. 优雅指的更多的是行为举止，修养还有内在的一些因素

所以我们想到应该有更地道的表达方式，让目标语言更加native, 我们看看natives 是怎样来表达的

He is a real gentleman. She is such a lady.

2．The amicable flash of her white teeth was very impressive.

她洁白的牙齿友善一闪，印象深刻。

她温和地一笑就露出洁白的牙齿，给人印象很好。

Well, these two translation is a little bit too colloquial. And look at the sentence itself, it is flattering a girl by using some nice words, such amicable and impressive which we don’t use quite often in our spoken English. And that is when we think of translating it in a more poetic way.

盈盈一笑皓齿露，美伦美奂实难忘。

我们似乎已经感受到了在翻译的过程中所需要的信达雅的三种境界，而更多的看到的是语言的使用场景与翻译之间的关系，这一点在一些特殊场景的对话中体现的特别明显。比如：大家看到了很多美剧，其间有诸多的situation，句子听起来并不难，但在特定的场景下，句子的翻译就要有一些difference.

比如下面的几句：

She doesn’t intend to commit suicide and pretends every make-believe details beforehand. Sadly for her, someone suddenly knocked the door and the timing is fatally flawed.

疯狂的主妇第四季Edie 自杀的片断中的旁白，既要有客观性的评述，又要很符合语言所要表达的真实内容：她从来没有想过要自杀，而且事先伪装了一切令人信服的细节，可是很不幸，突然有人敲门，对她来说，真是造化弄人呀！（生不逢时）

“I am gonna be sick.” “Right there with you, lady.”

观看话剧的时候，两个邻座的人的对话。影射了对话剧本身的评价。

Sometimes people need certain tragedies to realize the happiness.

越狱第二季中，Theodore Bagwell 曾对Susan说过的一句话。请注意T-bag 是一个非常虚伪的教徒，说起话来总是很有哲理性，可能可以掩盖他的劣根性把

You have cancer? I can’t believe it. I am your friend, why did you shut me out?（守口如瓶）He has six sisters and that is why every sentence of his buttons to the left.

大家通过上面的几个例子已经感觉到，在这组句子翻译当中，更多的是一些词汇的细节处理问题, 特别是最后一句话当中的button, 更让我们感到一个词的翻译的准确与否甚至可以影响整个句子的表达，这就是我们所熟知的一词多义在不同环境和场景下处理。

第一节，词精译

关于英语单词一词多译对于学英语的同学是不陌生的，但是由于文章上下文环境的不同导致一些多义词的翻译甚至是语义单一的词汇的翻译成为了难点。

Every time when he takes part in those parties held by those government officials, he gets used to take off his coat and put it in the cloak room before he enters the hall.

Taking off from an Atlantic coast airport, the plane is soon flying over the gentle slopes of the Appalachian Mountains. (飞机从大西洋沿岸的机场起飞，不久便飞跃阿巴拉契亚山脉平缓的山坡)

I am gonna take off now, see u tomorrow.

Take one day off, ask for a day off, ask for a leave

The computer towns have taken off in a big way, scattering all over the UK.

2．It is true, of course, that the already-developed countries are responsible for the large majority of the greenhouse gas accumulation in the atmosphere today. (不可否认（诚然），发达国家的确对大气中积累的大部分温室气体负有责任)

Shanghai Housing Project. Basic requirements of human beings include the need for clothes, food, shelter and transportation.

Year 8 and 9 students may be housed together in the annexed building. ( 安排，设)

The NYSE, housed (locating) in a large building on Wall Street, does the bulk of trading in listed securities. (纽约证券交易所设在华尔街的一座大楼里，上市的证券大部分在这里进行交易) The brokerage houses are in charge of buying and selling stocks for the public.(office or company) A large amount of money will be needed to house the refugees. (收容)

A lot of precious oil paintings are housed in this museum. (展出)

The District of Columbia is the seat of the national government. (哥伦比亚特区是全国政府的所在地)。

Buckle the seatbelt pls.

Each state is assigned two seats in Senate.

May I sit here?

The Oriental Pearl Tower sits (situates es/stands/erects) in the center of Shanghai.

The Court sits for at least four days a week, and any individual who has grievance against the government can apply for help. (最高法院每周至少4天办公，任何人对政府不满，均可以求助于最高法院（apply, turn to, resort to）apply to (适用于)

The tribunal sat in private.(法庭秘密开庭)

The Constitution outlines the structure of the national government and specifies its powers and activities. (联邦宪法概括了全国政府的结构并规定了其权力和职责(extra curriculum activites, super power(超级大国)(power, rights, authority(position, 权威), charisma) big powers(大国Kennedy’s wri ting: the rise and fall of great powers) superpowerism hegemonism (hi’gemenizem) If an entrepreneur was suddenly given as much money as he wanted, would he stop his activities or use the money to develop new ones? (事业)

The drafters of the constitution saw that the future might bring a need for change.(宪法起草人预料到可能需要对宪法进行修改)（foresee, foretell, prelude）

The attitude toward manual labor is seen in many aspects of American life. (对待体力劳动的这种态度反应在美国人生活的许多方面)（reflect）

Everyone who needs to have his eyes seen to may go to a state registered oculist. (每一个需要看眼科的人都可以去国家注册的眼科医生那里就诊)（see to 注意，负责）(specialist)

To see is to believe.

4. She is intelligent, ambitious and hard-working.

Some Americans have the feeling that idealism has gone out of politics and that personal ambition and money have taken the place. (有些美国人觉得理想主义已经从政治中消失，取而代之的是个人的野心和金钱。Ambitious,( insatiable- , greedy,-) aggressive, enterprising,

（Back in 1972, $1 million was still an eye-popping amount of cash. (2) But to Robert Hecht, an enterprising American antiquities dealer living in Paris, it was not too much to charge the Metropolitan Museum of Art for an exquisite Greek vase created 500 years before the birth of Christ and painted by one of the acknowledged masters of the craft.）