英语动词四大分类讲解

英语动词分类

1.1 概说

表示动作和状态的词叫做动词。如:

work 工作study 学习swim 游泳travel 旅行

1.2 动词分类

1.2.1 根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类

①实义动词（Notional Verb）

表示行为、动作或状态的词。它的词义完整，可以单独作谓语。如：plan learn eat beat

②系动词（Link Verb）

表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的词，它虽有词义，但不完整，所以不能单独作谓语，必须跟表语一起构成合成谓语。如：be keep feel get

系动词具体可分为五类：

1）表示“是”的状态动词，如be, keep, remain, stay, lie, stand。例如：

He is a teacher.

He was a soldier two years ago.

We are Chinese.

The weather remains cold.

Why he left remains a secret.

2）表示“感官”的词，如look, feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：

She looked tired.

Cotton feels soft.

The story sounds interesting.

The flowers smell sweet.

The mixture tasted horrible.

3）表示“变”的动词，如become, get, grow, turn，例如：

She became a college student.

He feels sick. His face turns white.

The weather gets warmer and the days get longer when spring comes.

He grew old.

4）表“似乎”的动词，如look, seem, appear，例如

He looks happy.

He seemsvery sad.

5）表“终止”的动词，如prove, turn out

His rumor proved false.

The search proved difficult.

His plan turned out a success.

注意区别以下一些动词的用法，它们既可以作为实义动词，又可以作为系动词。look

He is looking at the picture.

It looks beautiful.

feel

I felt someone touch my arm.

Are you feeling better today than before?

My little brother likes to smell the apple before he eats it.

Great! The flowers smell nice.

sound

The letter “h” in hour is not sounded.

The gun sounded much closer.

taste

Please taste the soup.

The soup tastes terrible.

get

There are some bananas on the table. Each of you can get one.

The situation is getting worse.

grow

Do you grow rice in your country?

It’s too late. It’s growing dark.

turn

The earth turns around the sun.

When spring comes, the trees turn green and the flowers come out.

辨别是实义动词还是系动词有一个最简便的方法，即用系动词be替换句子中的这些动词，句子仍然成立就是连系动词；反之，就是实义动词。例如：

The trees turn/are green when spring comes.

The earth turns around the sun.

③助动词（Auxiliary Verb）

本身无词义，不能单独作谓语，只能与主要动词一起构成谓语，表示不同的时态、语态、表示句子的否定和疑问，强调，如：have do be

He does not speak English well.

A dog is running after a cat.

Did he have any milk and bread for his breakfast?

My grandparents will come next week.

④情态动词（Modal Verb）

本身虽有意义，但不完整。它们表示说话人的能力、说话人的语气或情态，如“可能”、“应当”等。这类动词有can, may, must, need, dare, could, might等。它们不能单独作谓语，必须与实义动词原形一起作谓语，表示完整的意思，如：can may will would should

I can dance.

He can’t walk because he is a baby.

May I come in？

1.2.2 根据其在句中的用法，动词还可分为及物动词和不及物动词

①及物动词vt.

及物动词是必须带宾语的动词，可分为如下三类。

1) 及物动词＋宾语