翻译学导论期末总结

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英语专业导论期末总结

英语专业导论期末总结

英语专业导论期末总结In this final paper, I aim to summarize and reflect upon the key learning experiences and knowledge gained throughout the duration of the English major program. The paper will cover various aspects such as language proficiency, literature studies, writing skills, critical thinking, and cultural understanding. Through this summary, it is my objective to showcase the comprehensive understanding and growth achieved during my time as an English major.Language ProficiencyOne of the primary objectives of the English major program is to enhance students' language proficiency in reading, writing, listening, and speaking English. Throughout the program, I have been exposed to a wide range of texts, including both classic and contemporary literature pieces. This exposure has significantly improved my vocabulary, grammar, and sentence construction.In addition to reading, writing assignments have immensely contributed to my language proficiency. Regular essay writing has enhanced my ability to present ideas logically and coherently in written English. These assignments have also allowed me to practice critical thinking skills while effectively communicating complex ideas.Literary AnalysisLiterature studies play a pivotal role in the development of an English major student. Analyzing the different elements of literary works, such as themes, symbolism, character development, and social context, has provided me with a broader understanding of literature.Through close reading and class discussions, I have gained the ability to analyze and interpret various literary texts. I have learned to identify underlying themes and motifs, recognize the significance of symbolism, and understand the cultural and historical contexts in which the works were written. These skills have not only enriched my literary knowledge but have also helped me develop a deeper appreciation for different literary genres. Writing SkillsWriting is an integral part of the English major program, and it is through regular writing assignments that students build their writing skills. Throughout my time as an English major, I have honed my ability to express my thoughts and ideas effectively in writing.The program has emphasized the importance of clarity, coherence, and conciseness in writing. I have learned to craft well-structured essays with a clear thesis statement and supporting evidence. Furthermore, I have improved my ability to edit and revise my work, ensuring that it meets high standards of academic writing.Critical ThinkingCritical thinking is a crucial skill in the field of English studies. It involves analyzing and evaluating arguments, assessing evidence, and forming well-reasoned judgments. The English major program has provided me with numerous opportunities to develop and apply critical thinking skills.In literature studies, I have been encouraged to analyze texts from multiple perspectives, question the author's intentions, and critically evaluate different interpretations. This has cultivated my ability to think analytically and to engage in thoughtful discussions with my peers and professors.Cultural UnderstandingAnother important aspect of the English major program is the exploration of various cultures and their impact on literature. The study of literature from different time periods and regions has broadened my cultural understanding and enriched my perspective on the world.By reading works from diverse authors, I have gained insights into different social, political, and historical contexts. This has helped me appreciate the diversity of human experiences and understand the complexities of global issues.ConclusionIn conclusion, the English major program has provided me with a comprehensive education in language proficiency, literature studies, writing skills, critical thinking, and cultural understanding. Through systematic learning, extensive reading, and regular writing assignments, I have developed a strong foundation in the discipline of English studies.The program has not only equipped me with essential language skills but has also fostered in me a deep appreciation for literature and critical analysis. By engaging in discussions, analyzing texts, and exploring different cultures, I have broadened my intellectual horizons and developed a greater understanding of the world around me.As I embark on my professional journey as an English major graduate, I am confident that the knowledge and skills acquired during my time in the program will serve as a strong foundation for future academic and professional endeavors. I look forward to continuing my exploration and growth in the field of English studies.。

翻译总结

翻译总结

翻译心得通过一学期对笔译的学习,我对笔译的基本原则有了初步的了解。

对笔译工作者也有了新的认识,它并不像人们平日所想的那般简单。

好的笔译工作者,不但要有夯实的英语功底,还有通顺自然的语言表达能力,以及丰厚的知识底蕴。

这篇期末的文章终于翻译完了,通过这篇文章的翻译我发现了自己的诸多问题。

总的来说,我觉得自己似乎并不太适合学笔译,首先作为理科生的我有一个致命的弱点就是语言表达能力和组织能力太差。

同样一句话自己译出来的和别人的相比总觉得不如。

其次,自己的理解能力也十分欠缺。

每次老师讲作业时才恍然大悟:原来这句话是这个意思。

这就是这学期我所发现的自己存在的问题。

在以后的学习中我一定会付出更多的努力来提高自己的能力。

对这篇文章的翻译,我觉得是对我平日所学的一个极好的考察。

老师在课堂所讲的内容以及连淑能《英汉对比研究》中的理论都对我翻译这篇文章起了很大的帮助。

下面就个别句子我谈谈自己的理解和处理。

英文原文中开篇有这样一段话:In the avalanche of moody, broody online clips heralding the release of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 1, there’s a segment more overtly melancholy than the rest.先说有许多阴郁的网上电影片断,后面现在分词做后置定语:“预告着《哈利波特与死亡圣器》的公演……”。

这样翻出来的句子表达不通顺,生硬死板。

所以我把后置定语整个提到了句子的开头,翻译成“在《哈利波特与死亡圣器》那大量充斥着阴郁压抑气氛的网上预告片段中……”。

这样句子便显得更加通顺自然。

英文原稿中也出现了许多较长的句子,如若一层层的翻译出来,就会显得十分冗长啰嗦,不够精炼,而中文讲究小句,散句,讲究意思凝练,所以可以将一个长句打散成短句来逐层翻译,比如:What is it that keeps global audiences coming back to these big-budget movies even when they feel like increasingly rote ritual reenactments of much better books?这个疑问句中还套有一个定语从句when•••因此翻译出来容易繁琐,所以可以打散处理:“人们会发现好多好的书籍都会被原封不动地搬上银幕,但究竟又是什么使得人们花大价钱重新进入电影院观看这些他们所熟悉的故事?”在这篇文章的翻译中,偶尔会碰到句型重复的用法,比如这一句:which without Harry as a charismatic resistance leader would succumb to the fascist, racial-purity-obsessed madness of Lord V oldemort.这一句中,fascist, racial-purity-obsessed madness 这一对伏地魔性格描写界定的定语翻译出来会很长,并列的成分过多,显得头重脚轻,所以可以采用重复的形式,即“如果没有哈利这个具有超能力的抵御领袖,魔法界将无法抵御伏地魔的专横残暴,无法抵御他痴迷于“种族纯度”的疯狂之举。

研究生英语读与译课本翻译期末考试总结

研究生英语读与译课本翻译期末考试总结

研究生英语读与译课本翻译期末考试总结第一篇:研究生英语读与译课本翻译期末考试总结研究生英语读与译课后翻译例句1、When Chou en-lai’s door opened they saw a slender man of more than a average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful.周恩来的房门打开时,他们看到一个身材修长的人,身高中等偏上,目光炯炯有神,面部轮廓分明,称得上清秀。

2、If the man who was seen to take an umbrella from the City Church last Sunday evening does not wish to get into trouble , he will return the umbrella to No.10 Broad Street.He is well known.上周日傍晚,有人曾见某君在市教堂取走雨伞一把。

取伞者若不愿卷入纠纷,还是将伞送回布劳德街十号为妙。

此君是谁,人尽皆知。

3、I have pinned a note on the notice board as reminder of our meeting next week.(词类转换)我在布告牌上别了个纸条用来提醒我们下周见面。

4、This essay is a proof of his capability of using the “right” word at the right place.(词类转换)这篇文章说明他把词用的很得体。

5、The complexity of the road map puzzled the truck driver.(词类转换)交通图非常复杂,使卡车司机如坠迷雾。

翻译课总结

翻译课总结

翻译课总结时间过得真快,一下子又到了期末,十八周的翻译课也快结束了。

这学期的翻译课学到了什么,自己又有什么收获了,是应该好好做个总结,一方面将这学期的知识系统复习一下,另一方面则可以找到自己的不足,从而在以后的学习中对症下药,争取有更大的提高。

这学期的翻译课主要是英翻中,老师从最基础的翻译定义开始讲起,并在课上以实例教以诸多翻译技巧,课下我们做段落翻译练习。

英语和汉语植根于各自的文化中,两者差异很大。

如思维方式的异同,体现在语言结构上为英语是一个主干并由此发出许多根须,具有结构美,而汉语则是一根根竹节依次排列,流水句多,外形松散,但内具有逻辑性,“行散而神不散”。

英语重形合,汉语重意合,这是英语和汉语的主要差异,其它差异有英语重心在前,汉语重心在后,英语重物称,汉语重人称,英语多被动,汉语多主动,等等。

看到英语和汉语的差异,我们也就找到了翻译的大方向,相应地我们也就可以理解了文化和语境的条件下利用各种翻译技巧来实现英语和汉语的转换。

老师上课时就讲了很多的翻译技巧,如具体与抽象的转化,增词和减词,重复,合并和移位等等。

而这其中最需要注意的是长句的拆分及将英语中表达能力强的形容词和副词拆分为短句或进行词性的转换翻译。

例如在课堂练习中,有一句There is no economic justification for China to invest so much in such low-yielding assets that risk substantial capital losses in the future, 翻译时将长句切分,并以层层深入和原因结果的逻辑顺序排列,为中国政府不惜冒着蒙受资本损失的风险,投入大量资金购买美元这样的低收益资产,在经济上是讲不通的。

词性的转换也很常见,如in demand 我们常翻译为动词需求,诸如此类。

但是翻译时最让人头疼的是一句话里的每个单词都知道,但是就是不理解这句话或者是理解这句话,但是从头脑里搜不出可以表达理解的东西的中文表达。

英汉口译期末总结

英汉口译期末总结

英汉口译期末总结Introduction口译(包括交传和同声传译)是一项非常重要的语言服务,它在国际会议、高级商务洽谈、重大政治外交活动等多种场合发挥着重要作用。

在这个全球化的时代,口译的需求越来越大,因此作为一名口译员,不断提升自己的专业水平非常关键。

在这篇期末总结中,我将回顾这学期我所学到的口译技巧和经验,并总结出自己的不足和需要改进的地方,以期在接下来的学期中更上一层楼。

口译技巧1. 熟悉背景知识:在进行口译时,熟悉所涉及的领域知识非常重要。

事先对主题进行调研并了解专业术语可以帮助在口译过程中更准确地传达信息。

2. 快速反应:口译是一项即兴表演的艺术,需要快速反应和思维灵活。

经常进行听力练习和速记训练可以提高反应速度和准确度,使口译更流畅。

3. 集中注意力:在大型会议上,情况常常复杂,需要集中注意力。

通过练习提高专注力是非常重要的,可以避免遗漏关键信息。

4. 练习同声翻译技巧:同声传译是一种常用的口译形式,在进行同声传译时,要注意掌握口译记号、分辨出不同的说话声音,并进行即时翻译。

5. 保持中立:作为一名口译员,要保持中立性,不加入任何主观观点或表达自己的意见。

准确和客观地传递信息是我们的职责所在。

经验总结1. 多参加实践活动:实践是提高口译水平的关键。

通过参加一些会议、座谈会、研讨会等实践活动,对不同领域的口语表达和专业术语有更深入的了解。

2. 多做词汇积累:词汇是进行口译的基本工具。

在这个学期中,我意识到我需要加强我的词汇积累。

我会更加注重阅读领域相关的材料,积累更多的专业词汇。

3. 练习边听边译:培养边听边译的能力对于提高口译准确度非常重要。

在接下来的学期中,我会多做这方面的练习,提高自己的听译能力。

4. 不断反思和改进:口译是一个不断提高和改进的过程。

在每次口译后,我都要反思其中的问题和不足,并针对这些问题制定改进计划。

不足和改进1. 专业知识不足:在一些特定领域的口译中,我发现我的专业知识不足。

英汉笔译期末总结范文初中

英汉笔译期末总结范文初中

英汉笔译期末总结范文初中随着期末考试的临近,我想回顾一下这个学期的英汉笔译课程。

这门课程使我对英语和中文之间的翻译技巧有了更深入的了解。

在这个学期里,我学到了很多关于翻译的知识和技能。

首先,我学会了如何正确理解和解释英文文本。

在每一堂课上,老师都会给我们分发一篇英文文章,要求我们将其翻译成中文。

起初,我很难理解一些英文句子的含义。

然而,随着每一次练习,我开始学会分析句子结构和上下文,以便更好地解释文章的意思。

我还学会了使用在线词典和工具来查找生词和短语的意思。

其次,我学会了如何选择合适的词汇和表达方式来翻译英文文本。

每当我面临一个生词或短语时,我会先查阅其汉语意思,然后再考虑如何将其翻译成英文。

有时候,一个词可以有多种翻译,但我必须根据上下文和语境来选择最合适的翻译。

此外,我还学会了一些翻译技巧,例如借助同义词或短语来保持文章的流畅度和逻辑性。

在学习这门课程的过程中,我还认识到文化差异对翻译的影响是不可忽视的。

英文和中文是两种不同的语言,它们有着不同的语法规则和词汇使用方式。

因此,我必须时刻注意到英汉两种语言之间存在的文化差异。

有时候,我需要根据目标语言的文化背景来重新诠释原文的含义。

通过学习和了解不同的文化,我可以更好地理解原文的含义并进行准确的翻译。

此外,在这个学期里,我也获得了一些翻译技巧和资源,可以帮助我提高翻译质量和效率。

例如,我发现利用在线词典和翻译工具可以快速翻译生词和整句。

另外,参加翻译讨论小组和交流活动,向其他同学和老师寻求反馈意见也对我的翻译能力有所帮助。

我还学会了使用语料库和平行语料库来比较翻译的准确性和流畅度。

通过这门课程,我意识到翻译是一项需要不断练习和提高的技能。

我明白了正确理解原文和选择合适的词汇对于准确翻译的重要性。

我也了解到文化差异对翻译的影响很大。

通过不断练习和学习,我相信我的翻译技能会得到不断的提高。

总之,我认为这门英汉笔译课程对我来说是非常有益的。

通过学习和练习,我不仅提高了自己的翻译能力,而且更深入地了解了英语和中文之间的语言和文化差异。

英文笔译期末总结

英文笔译期末总结

英文笔译期末总结IntroductionTranslation is the process of communication between people who speak different languages. It plays a crucial role in enabling individuals, businesses, and governments to interact and understand one another. Throughout this course, we have learned various translation techniques, strategies, and principles that are essential for producing accurate and meaningful translations. In this final translation summary, we will reflect on the key concepts and skills we have acquired and highlight the challenges and opportunities that lay ahead.Concepts and Skills Learned1. Translation TechniquesWe have learned different translation techniques, such as literal translation, free translation, adaptation, and transcreation. Literal translation emphasizes preserving the exact meaning of the source text, while free translation focuses on conveying the overall sense of the message. Adaptation involves modifying the translation to suit the cultural, linguistic, and social context of the target audience. Transcreation, on the other hand, involves recreating the message in a new artistic or creative way.2. Translation StrategiesOur course has covered various translation strategies, including compensation, modulation, equivalence, amplification, and reduction. Compensation involves making up for what is lost in translation, while modulation involves adjusting the perspective or tone of the message. Equivalence seeks to find a similar conceptual or cultural equivalent in the target language. Amplification involves expanding or elaborating on the source text, while reduction aims to condense the message while preserving its essential meaning.3. Translation PrinciplesWe have also learned fundamental translation principles, such as fidelity, fluency, and naturalness. Fidelity refers to the accuracy and faithfulness of the translation to the source text. Fluency focuses on producing a translation that reads smoothly and naturally in the target language. Naturalness involves ensuring that the translation conforms to the grammar, syntax, and idiomatic expressions of the target language.Challenges Faced1. Cultural DifferencesOne of the significant challenges in translation is dealing with cultural differences between source and target languages. Cultural nuances, idiomatic expressions, and references may not have equivalent counterparts in the target language, making it difficult to convey theintended meaning accurately. To overcome this challenge, translators need to be aware of the cultural context of both languages and opt for adaptation or transcreation techniques if necessary.2. Language AmbiguityLanguage ambiguity can pose challenges in translation, especially when words or phrases have multiple meanings or interpretations. It is crucial for translators to understand the context and disambiguate ambiguous terms to convey the intended meaning effectively. Utilizing translation strategies like modulation or compensation can help resolve ambiguities and produce a coherent translation.3. Time ConstraintsTranslating large volumes of text within tight deadlines is often a challenge for translators. The limited time available may affect the quality and accuracy of the translation. To overcome this challenge, effective time management and prioritization skills are essential. Translators should also consider utilizing translation tools or collaborating with teammates to streamline the translation process and meet the deadlines.Opportunities Ahead1. Professional GrowthAs we have learned throughout this course, translation is a skill that requires constant improvement and development. There are various opportunities for professional growth, such as attending translation conferences, participating in workshops, or obtaining certifications in specialized fields like legal or medical translation. Continued learning and exposure to different translation projects can enhance the translator's expertise and expand their career opportunities.2. Technology AdvancementsAdvancements in technology, such as machine translation, CAT tools, and language-specific software, have provided numerous opportunities for translators. These tools can streamline the translation process, enhance productivity, and improve the overall quality of translations. Staying updated with the latest translation technologies and adapting to their use can give translators a competitive edge in the industry.ConclusionTranslation is a dynamic and challenging field that requires a deep understanding of languages, cultures, and effective communication techniques. Through this course, we have acquired essential translation techniques, strategies, and principles that will aid us in producing accurate and meaningful translations. Nonetheless, we should remain open to continuous learning and adaptability to the ever-evolving nature of translation. Thechallenges and opportunities in the field are vast, and with dedication and perseverance, we can grow both professionally and personally.。

文化与翻译期末总结范文

文化与翻译期末总结范文

文化与翻译期末总结范文导言:在本学期的文化与翻译课程中,我学习了许多关于文化和翻译的重要概念和技巧。

通过参与课堂讨论、阅读教材、进行翻译实践等方式,我逐渐认识到文化在翻译过程中的重要性,同时也提高了翻译的技巧和能力。

在这篇总结中,我将回顾本学期学到的重要知识和经验,并提出一些对未来学习和实践的思考。

一、文化的重要性1. 文化背景对翻译的影响在翻译过程中,文化背景是不可忽视的因素。

文化背景涉及到语言、价值观、习俗、心理等多个方面的内容,对于翻译的选择和决策起着重要作用。

例如,不同国家的人对同一事物有不同的称谓和认识,因此在翻译时需要根据目标语言的文化背景作出相应的调整和转换。

同时,在翻译文学作品时,也需要考虑到作者的文化背景,保留原文中的文化特色和风格。

2. 文化差异的应对策略面对不同的文化差异,翻译人员需要灵活运用各种策略来处理。

直译和意译是常见的两种策略,直译强调保留原文的意思和结构,而意译则更注重目标语言的表达和习惯。

此外,还有一些其他的翻译策略,如加注解释、替换文化细节等。

根据具体的翻译任务和目标读者的特点,选择合适的策略对于成功的翻译非常重要。

以下是我在翻译实践中的一些经验和教训:(1) 充分了解原文的文化背景在翻译开始之前,我会先了解原文所在文化的背景和特点。

通过阅读原文中的相关背景资料和了解作者的文化背景,我能更准确地理解原文的含义和意图。

例如,在翻译一篇关于中国传统文化的文章时,我会先学习相关的历史和文化知识,以便更好地传达原文的文化内涵。

(2)切勿过度改变原文的文化特色在翻译过程中,我明确了一个原则:不应该过度改变原文的文化特色。

文化翻译的目的是将原文的信息和文化内涵传达给目标读者,而不是将其完全转变为目标文化的特点。

因此,在选择翻译策略时,我尽量保留原文的特色和风格,同时将其调整为更适合目标文化的语言表达。

(3)注重目标读者的背景和理解对于不同的读者群体,我会根据他们的背景和理解水平适当调整翻译的风格和难度。

大学口译期末总结范文

大学口译期末总结范文

大学口译期末总结范文一、引言大学口译作为一门综合性的语言技能课程,对学生的口语表达能力、听力理解能力、翻译能力和跨文化交际能力的培养起着重要的作用。

本文将对我在大学口译课程中的学习成果和不足进行总结,并对接下来的学习进行展望。

二、学习成果1. 口语表达能力的提升通过大学口译课程的学习,我在口语表达方面有了显著的提升。

首先,在课堂上进行的口语训练锻炼了我的口语表达能力。

老师安排了各种口语练习的活动,如分组对话、辩论赛等,这些活动使我可以更好地运用所学知识,提高口语表达的流利度和准确性。

其次,课程还提供了大量的听力材料,通过听录音并进行模仿学习,我能够更好地掌握英语的语音、语调和语速,从而提高口语表达的自然度和准确性。

2. 听力理解能力的提高在大学口译的学习过程中,我不仅在口语表达方面取得了进步,还在听力理解能力方面有了显著的提高。

课程中提供了大量的听力材料,如新闻、讲座、对话等,通过反复听取和练习,我对各种语境下的英语表达和习惯用法有了更深入的理解。

同时,课程还注重培养对听力材料的分析和理解能力,在课堂上进行了许多听力理解训练,如听力填空、听力选择等,这些训练使我能够更好地掌握听力技巧,提高听力理解的准确性和速度。

3. 翻译能力的提升大学口译课程的另一个重要内容是翻译能力的培养。

通过课堂上的翻译练习和考核,我学会了运用不同的翻译技巧和策略,提高了翻译的准确性和流畅度。

同时,课程还通过讲解和分析不同领域的翻译案例,培养了我对不同文体和语境下的翻译技巧的理解和运用能力。

此外,课程还注重培养对会话和文章的整体把握能力,通过课后的翻译练习和作业,我能够更好地理解原文的意思,并准确表达出来。

4. 跨文化交际能力的培养大学口译课程不仅关注语言技能的培养,还注重对跨文化交际能力的培养。

在课堂上,老师通过教材和案例的讲解,介绍了不同国家和地区的文化差异和交际习惯,使我能够更好地理解和适应不同的文化环境。

同时,课程还鼓励学生参与多元文化的交流和互动,如组织学生去国外交流访问,参加国际会议等,这些活动使我能够更好地提高跨文化沟通交际的能力。

西方翻译英语期末总结

西方翻译英语期末总结

西方翻译英语期末总结Introduction (150 words)The translation English final exam was an exciting and challenging experience that provided us with the opportunity to showcase our translation skills and knowledge gained throughout the course. Throughout the exam, we were tested on various aspects of translation, including language proficiency, cultural understanding, and technical competence. This summary aims to provide an overview of the main topics covered during the exam and highlight our key learnings and achievements.Main Body (5500 words)1. Translation Theory (500 words)During the exam, we were required to demonstrate a solid understanding of translation theory. This included the examination of various translation approaches, such as literal, free, and faithful translation, as well as the use of preservation versus adaptation strategies. We were also tested on our ability to identify and apply translation techniques, such as transposition, modulation, and cultural adaptation. This section of the exam challenged us to think critically about translation principles and apply them effectively in different contexts.2. Language Proficiency (1000 words)Language proficiency was a crucial aspect of the translation exam. We were tested on our ability to accurately and fluently translate texts from the source language (Chinese) to the target language (English). This required a strong grasp of both languages, including vocabulary, grammar, and idiomatic expressions. We had to ensure that our translations conveyed the intended meaning while maintaining appropriate style and register. Our language proficiency was assessed in terms of accuracy, clarity, and naturalness. This section of the exam provided an excellent opportunity to showcase our language skills and ability to communicate effectively in written English.3. Cultural Understanding (1000 words)Translation is not only about linguistic proficiency but also cultural understanding. During the exam, we encountered texts that required a deep understanding of Chinese culture and the ability to convey cultural nuances in English. This involved translating cultural references, idioms, and proverbs, as well as adapting content to suit the target culture. We were tested on our knowledge of cultural customs, traditions, and practices, as well as our ability to tackle cultural gaps and challenges. Cultural sensitivity and awareness were essential in accurately conveying the intended meaning in translation.4. Technical Competence (1000 words)Technical competence refers to the mastery of translation tools and techniques. Throughout the exam, we were evaluated on our ability to use various translation aids, such as dictionaries, glossaries, and translation memory software. The efficient use of these tools allowed us to improve productivity and ensure consistency in our translations. Additionally, we were tested on our formatting skills, including the ability to reproduce tables, graphs, and other visual elements accurately. Technical competence also encompassed the ability to manage time effectively, meet deadlines, and maintain attention to detail.5. Reflecting on Our Performance (500 words)The translation exam provided us with valuable insights into our strengths and areas for improvement. It highlighted the need for continuous language learning and improvement, as well as the importance of staying updated with the latest translation tools and techniques. Time management emerged as a crucial skill, and we learned the value of allocating sufficient time for research, revision, and proofreading. Cultural understanding was an area that required further development, and we recognized the need to enhance our knowledge of both the source and target cultures. Collaboration and feedback from peers proved to be instrumental in our growth as translators, and we plan to continue seeking opportunities for peer review and constructive criticism.Conclusion (150 words)The translation English final exam was a comprehensive assessment of our translation skills and knowledge. It tested our language proficiency, cultural understanding, and technical competence. Through the exam, we gained valuable insights into our strengths and areas for improvement. It emphasized the need for continuous learning, especially in terms of language proficiency and cultural understanding. Technical competence, including the effective use of translation aids and time management, was also highlighted. We recognize the importance of collaboration and feedback from peers in our growth as translators. Overall, the exam was a challenging but rewarding experience that provided us with valuable opportunities to showcase our skills and reinforce the importance of translation theory and practice.。

文化与翻译期末总结高中

文化与翻译期末总结高中

文化与翻译期末总结高中一、引言文化与翻译是翻译学中的重要分支,研究翻译活动与文化之间的关系。

在这个全球化的时代,翻译作为不同文化交流的桥梁发挥着重要作用。

因此,了解文化与翻译的关系对于培养翻译人才至关重要。

本文将对我在高中学习的过程中对文化与翻译的认识进行总结。

二、文化与翻译的关系1. 文化的概念文化是指一定社会群体的思维方式、价值观念、习俗和传统的集合体。

它是人类共同的精神财富,是人类社会发展的推动力。

不同的文化背景会对人们的价值观、信仰、行为等方面产生深远影响。

2. 翻译的概念翻译是将一种语言中的信息转化为另一种语言中的过程。

翻译的目的是实现不同语言之间的有效沟通。

翻译有时候需要更多的考虑文化因素,因为不同的文化会对语言的意义产生影响。

3. 文化与翻译的关系文化与翻译是相互影响、相互依赖的关系。

翻译活动必须考虑到文化差异,以保证所翻译的信息能够准确传达。

同时,翻译也是一种文化载体,可以促进不同文化之间的交流与理解。

三、文化对翻译的影响1. 语言层面的影响不同文化背景的人们使用不同的语言表达自己的思想和情感。

这种语言差异是翻译过程中必须要考虑的因素。

在翻译时,需要根据源语言和目标语言的语法、词汇、句式等方面的差异来选择合适的翻译策略。

2. 价值观层面的影响不同文化背景的人们对于事物的价值观念有所差异。

这种差异会反映在翻译过程中,可能导致原文中的某些意义在译文中被忽略或改变。

因此,在翻译时需要注意保持原文的价值观,并根据不同文化背景的读者的特点来做出适当的调整。

3. 文化惯例层面的影响每个文化都有自己的惯例和习俗,这些习俗在语言中有体现。

在翻译时,必须了解原文中的文化惯例,并寻找合适的表达来传达相应的意义。

如果不了解这些文化惯例,翻译可能会产生误解或失去原文的特色。

四、翻译对文化的促进1. 文化的传播翻译作为不同文化交流的桥梁,可以促进文化的传播。

通过翻译,读者可以了解其他文化的价值观、思维方式和习俗,增强文化的多样性。

文学翻译期末总结范文

文学翻译期末总结范文

文学翻译期末总结范文引言:文学翻译作为一门学科,是文化和语言的跨界交流的重要方式之一。

通过翻译文学作品,可以将不同语言、不同文化背景下的优秀作品推广到全球范围内,使读者能够欣赏和理解这些作品所蕴含的深层意义。

本文将对我在文学翻译课程中的学习和体会进行总结,探讨文学翻译的重要性以及翻译文学作品的难点和技巧,并结合实际案例进行分析和讨论。

一、学习与体会:在文学翻译的课程中,我除了学习了翻译的基本技巧和理论知识之外,还拓展了自己的文学素养和多元文化视野。

在课堂上,老师通过讲解经典文学作品的翻译案例和思考,引导我们分析和思考翻译文学作品的难点和技巧。

同时,通过大量的课后练习和小组合作,我逐渐提高了自己的翻译水平和文学鉴赏能力。

在学习过程中,我体会到了文学翻译的复杂性和挑战性。

文学作品具有独特的风格和语言特点,翻译者需要准确把握作者原意,并在新的语言环境下重新表达出来。

这就要求翻译者不仅要精通两种语言,还需要对文学作品背后的文化背景和思想内涵有深入的理解和把握。

除此之外,翻译文学作品还需要注重细节的处理,如诗歌的韵律、修辞手法的转译等都需要翻译者有较高的语言驾驭能力和审美素养。

二、文学翻译的重要性:文学翻译是推动不同文化之间交流和理解的重要手段。

通过翻译,一个作品可以跨越不同的语言和文化边界,使原本局限于某个语言群体的读者能够欣赏和理解它的魅力。

文学作品所表达的情感、思想和美感都是普世的,通过翻译可以促进各个文化之间的交流和共享。

比如,中国的古典文学作品《红楼梦》在不同的国家和地区都有着广泛的传播和影响,通过不同的翻译版本,读者可以对这个作品有不同的理解和感受。

此外,文学翻译也是一种文化传承和宣传的方式。

很多文学作品承载着一个国家或民族的历史、传统和价值观,通过翻译可以将这些宝贵的文化资源传承给后代,并让世界更多地了解和认识这个国家或民族。

比如,日本的小说《吾輩は猫である》通过翻译成多种语言,让世界更好地了解和认识日本的文化和社会。

西方翻译英语期末总结范文

西方翻译英语期末总结范文

西方翻译英语期末总结范文One of the primary topics covered in the course was the theory and practice of translation. I learned about the different approaches to translation, such as the literal translation, free translation, and dynamic equivalence. Understanding these theories helped me develop a more nuanced understanding of the translation process and allowed me to explore different strategies for conveying meaning accurately while maintaining the style and tone of the original text.Another important aspect of translation that we discussed in the course was the cultural aspect of language. Translating not only involves finding equivalent words but also understanding the cultural nuances and context behind them. This was particularly challenging when translating idioms, proverbs, and cultural references. However, through practice and research, I learned to adapt these cultural elements while ensuring that the essence of the original text was preserved.Additionally, we delved into specific translation challenges, such as dealing with ambiguous words, wordplay, and puns. These instances required a deep understanding of both the source and target languages to find appropriate equivalents or convey the intended meaning effectively. I found these challenges to be intellectually stimulating, as they pushed me to think creatively and critically while working on translations.One of the most valuable exercises in the course was the translation workshops. During these workshops, we had the opportunity to analyze and critique each other's translations, allowing us to learn from our peers' experiences and improve our own work. The feedback received from both the instructor and classmates helped me identify areas of improvement and gain valuable insights into different translation approaches and techniques. Throughout the course, I encountered several challenges. One of the main difficulties I faced was finding the right balance between preserving the original text's style and adapting it to the target language. This required me to constantly refer back to the source text, conduct research, and consult dictionaries and references. It was time-consuming but essential to ensure the accuracy and quality of my translations.Another challenge I encountered was maintaining consistency throughout the translation. This included consistency in terminology, tone, and style. To overcome this, I created glossaries and reference materials to ensure that I used consistent vocabulary and phrasing throughout a particular translation project. Additionally, proofreading my work multiple times helped me identify inconsistencies and make necessary revisions.To enhance the accuracy and natural flow of my translations, I also made use of translation software and online resources. Tools like CAT (Computer-Assisted Translation) software and online dictionaries not only improved my translation efficiency but also helped me in maintaining consistency and accuracy.Moving forward, I plan to continue honing my translation skills beyond the classroom. I will actively seek opportunities to practice my translation skills through freelance projects, online platforms, and collaboration with native speakers. I also intend to participate in translation competitions and workshops to challenge myself and learn from experienced professionals in the field.In conclusion, this Western Translation English course has provided me with a solid foundation in translation theory and practice. The topics covered, the challenges faced, and the strategies developed have all contributed to my growth as a translator. I am confident that the knowledge and skills gained from this course will serve as a stepping stone for my future endeavors in the translation field. With continued practice and dedication, I am excited to pursue a rewarding career in translation.。

汉英笔译翻译期末总结

汉英笔译翻译期末总结

汉英笔译翻译期末总结As an essential part of language learning, translation serves as a bridge connecting different cultures and languages. In this translation end-of-term summary, I will reflect on my learning experience and discuss the challenges, strategies, and improvements in translation.1. Challenges in Translation(a) Cultural Differences: Translation is not just the conversion of words from one language to another, but also entails conveying the cultural connotations behind the text. The challenge lies in understanding the cultural nuances and accurately transmitting them to the target language.(b) Technical Terminology: Certain fields, such as medicine or engineering, have specialized terminology that poses a challenge for translators. To overcome this, extensive research and consultation with experts in the field are required.(c) Idioms and Proverbs: Idioms and proverbs are often deeply rooted in a specific language or culture, and translating them literally may result in a loss of meaning. Finding equivalent expressions in the target language that captures the original intent can be challenging.2. Translation Strategies(a) Contextual Understanding: Translating a text requires a deep understanding of the context in which it was written. Analyzing the overall meaning, tone, and purpose of the text helps in choosing appropriate translations.(b) Research: Extensive research on specialized terms and cultural references is essential for accurate translation. Utilizing dictionaries, glossaries, and online resources can aid in finding the most suitable equivalents.(c) Adaptation: Adapting and localizing the translation to fit the target audience is crucial. This involves adjusting cultural references, idioms, and phrasing to ensure the text resonates with the readers.3. Improvements in Translation(a) Vocabulary Enrichment: Expanding my vocabulary in both the source and target languages has been a significant improvement. By regularly reading and engaging with various texts, I have become more familiar with different registers and can choose the most appropriate words for a specific context.(b) Practice: Consistent practice has enhanced my translation skills. Engaging in translation exercises, participating in group discussions, and receiving constructive feedback have helped refine my techniques and identify areas for improvement.(c) Cultural Immersion: Exposing myself to different cultures and languages through literature, music, cinema, and travel has improved my understanding of cultural nuances and increased my sensitivity towards cultural differences in translation.4. Future Goals in Translation(a) Specialization: Building expertise in a specific field of translation, such as legal or medical, is a long-term goal. Acquiring in-depth knowledge of the specialized vocabulary and techniques required for accurate translation in these fields will enhance my abilities and career prospects.(b) Continuing Education: Attending workshops, seminars, and courses on translation and related subjects will provide opportunities to continue learning and stay updated with the latest developments in the field.(c) Collaboration: Collaborating with other translators and professionals in the industry will help broaden my perspectives, provide networking opportunities, and foster professional growth.In conclusion, translation is both challenging and rewarding. Throughout this term, I have improved my translation skills by understanding the cultural context, conducting thorough research, and practicing regularly. With continued effort and a focus on specialization, I am confident in furthering my translation abilities and making a meaningful contribution to cross-cultural communication.。

典籍翻译期末总结

典籍翻译期末总结

典籍翻译期末总结一、引言在本学期的典籍翻译课程中,我学习了典籍的翻译理论和技巧,并通过实际翻译练习提高了我的翻译能力。

本期总结将回顾我在翻译过程中遇到的困难、解决方法以及对典籍翻译的理解和体会进行分析和总结。

二、遇到的困难及解决方法1. 文字理解困难由于古典文本常有复杂的句式和嵌套结构,文本理解成为我在翻译过程中面临的第一个挑战。

为了解决这个问题,我采用了以下方法:(1)反复阅读和分析原文。

通过多次阅读原文,我能够更好地理解作者的意图和表达方式,并将其转化为目标语言。

(2)添加辅助工具。

借助词典、百科全书和研究资料等辅助工具,我能够更好地理解文本中的生僻词汇和句子结构,从而更准确地翻译。

2. 跨文化转换难题典籍翻译往往涉及不同文化之间的转换,而这种跨文化转换会导致某些特定词汇、习语或文化内涵难以翻译。

解决此类问题的方法有以下几个方面:(1)进行文化研究。

在翻译前,我会对目标文化进行一定的研究,了解其风俗习惯、历史背景等,以便更好地理解原文并将其准确翻译。

(2)选择等效表达。

对于一些文化内涵较深的词汇或习语,我会选择在目标语言中有相似或类似含义的词汇,以保持翻译的准确性和流畅性。

3. 保持风格和格调典籍翻译除了要传达原著的意思外,还需要保持原著的文体和格调。

这需要我在翻译过程中注意保持清晰、准确、有节奏感的语言风格。

解决此类问题的方法有以下几个方面:(1)熟悉原著的时代背景和风格特点。

通过对原著的研究,我能更好地理解作者的写作风格和表达方式,从而更准确地将其转化为目标语言。

(2)运用适当的修辞手法。

在翻译中,我会尽可能地运用适当的修辞手法,如比喻、拟人、对偶等,以在目标语言中保持原著的文体和格调。

三、对典籍翻译的理解和体会通过本学期的学习和实践,我对典籍翻译有了更深刻的理解和体会。

首先,我认识到典籍翻译不仅是将文字从一种语言转换为另一种语言,更重要的是传达原著的文化内涵和精神。

典籍作为一个民族或一个文化的瑰宝,包含着丰富的思想、智慧和历史文化。

英语期末翻译句子技巧总结

英语期末翻译句子技巧总结

英语期末翻译句子技巧总结IntroductionTranslation is the process of converting text from one language to another while maintaining the meaning and intention of the original text. As sentence translation is a fundamental aspect of the translation process, this guide aims to provide comprehensive techniques and strategies to effectively translate English sentences into another language. By understanding and applying these techniques, translators can enhance the accuracy and fluency of their translations.I. Understanding the Source Text (ST)1. Analyze the source language's grammar and structure: To accurately translate sentences, it is crucial to comprehend the grammar and structure of the source language. This includes understanding sentence components such as subjects, verbs, objects, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, and conjunctions.2. Assess the stylistic elements: Pay attention to the tone, register, and style of the source text to ensure the translation adequately captures the intended meaning and cultural context.3. Identify idiomatic expressions and cultural references: Recognize idiomatic expressions and cultural references in the source text, ensuring that they are translated appropriately to maintain the original meaning.II. Grammar and Sentence Structure1. Subject-Verb Agreement: Ensure that the subject and verb agree in number and tense. If the subject is singular, the verb should be singular as well.2. Verb Tenses: Translate the verb tenses accurately based on the context and intended meaning. Consider the timeline of actions and events in the sentence.3. Sentence Order and Word Order: Analyze the sentence order and word order in the source language and replicate it in the target language while maintaining clarity and naturalness.4. Noun Phrases: Transfer noun phrases accurately, paying attention to gender, number, and article agreement.5. Adjective Agreement: Ensure that adjectives agree in gender, number, and case with the noun they modify.6. Prepositions and Conjunctions: Translate prepositions and conjunctions appropriately to convey the relationships between words, phrases, and clauses.III. Lexical Choices and Vocabulary1. Use an appropriate bilingual dictionary: Select a reliable bilingual dictionary to ensure accurate translation of individual words and phrases.2. Contextual understanding: Consider the context in which words and phrases are used to ensure their correct interpretation. Differentiate between homonyms and select the appropriate meaning based on the sentence's context.3. Use collocations and idiomatic expressions: Utilize collocations and idiomatic expressions to maintain the naturalness and fluency of the translated sentence.4. Consider culture-specific terms: Pay attention to culture-specific terms or concepts that may require additional explanation or adaptation in the target language.IV. Style and Fluency1. Replicate sentence structure and style: Where possible, replicate the structure and style of the source text in the target language to maintain consistency and fluency.2. Maintain appropriate sentence length: Be mindful of sentence length and break down complex or lengthy sentences into shorter, more manageable ones in the target language.3. Pay attention to rhythm, flow, and register: Ensure the translated sentence maintains a natural flow, rhythm, and appropriate register in the target language.V. Proofreading and Revision1. Self-editing: Review and revise the translated sentences for accuracy, grammar, coherence, and style. Make necessary adjustments to improve the overall quality of the translation.2. Seek feedback: Ask a native speaker or another translator to review the translated sentences for further feedback and improvement.ConclusionEffectively translating English sentences into another language requires a deep understanding of grammar, sentence structure, vocabulary, and cultural nuances. By following the techniques presented in this guide, translators can produce accurate and fluent translations that convey the original meaning and intention of the source text. Continuous practice and seeking feedback will further enhance translation skills and ensure high-quality translations.。

英语笔译期末总结范文初中

英语笔译期末总结范文初中

英语笔译期末总结范文初中During this semester, I have learned a lot about English translation. It has been an enriching experience for me as I have gained valuable knowledge and skills in various aspects of translation. In this summary, I will reflect on what I have learned and the progress I have made.Firstly, I have developed a better understanding of the principles and techniques of translation. Through studying different translation theories and methods, I have learned how to effectively transfer the meaning, style, and tone of the source text into the target language. I have also learned the importance of cultural adaptation in translation, considering the cultural differences and nuances between languages and ensuring that the target text is easily understandable and relatable for the target audience.Moreover, I have honed my skills in translating different types of texts, such as literary, scientific, and technical texts. Each text type requires a different approach and set of translation techniques. For literary texts, I have learned to focus on capturing the author's intended style, tone, and emotions, while for scientific and technical texts, accuracy and clarity are of utmost importance. I have also learned to use various resources, such as dictionaries, glossaries, and parallel texts, to aid in the translation process and ensure the quality of my work.Additionally, I have experienced the challenges and difficulties that arise in the translation process. One of the major challenges is dealing with idiomatic expressions and cultural references that do not have direct equivalents in the target language. In such cases, I have learned to use paraphrasing and find alternative ways to convey the meaning effectively. Another challenge is maintaining the same level of creativity and expression as the source text, especially in literary translations. It requires a deep understanding of both languages and the ability to find the most appropriate words and expressions to bring out the intended meaning.Furthermore, I have learned the importance of revision and proofreading in the translation process. Proofreading allows me to identify and correct any errors or inconsistencies in the translated text, ensuring its accuracy and fluency. It also gives me the opportunity to refine my work and improve its overall quality. I have gained valuable skills in self-editing and critiquing my own translations, as well as receiving feedback from peers and instructors. Overall, I am satisfied with the progress I have made in English translation this semester. I have gained a solid foundation in translation theory and practice, and I feel more confident in my ability to produce accurate and quality translations. However, I understand that there is still room for improvement and I will continue to refine my skills and strive for excellence in future translations.In conclusion, English translation has been a challenging yet rewarding journey for me this semester. I have learned valuable knowledge and skills in translation principles, techniques,and different text types. I have also experienced the challenges and difficulties that arise in the translation process and learned the importance of revision and proofreading. Overall, this course has provided me with a strong foundation in English translation and I look forward to applying these skills in my future translation endeavors.。

实务翻译期末重点总结归纳

实务翻译期末重点总结归纳

实务翻译期末重点总结归纳实务翻译是一项重要的语言技能,在各个领域都有广泛应用。

期末考试是对学生在课程学习期间所掌握实务翻译知识和技巧的综合考核。

为了帮助同学们更好地准备期末考试,以下总结了一些期末考试的重点内容。

本文将从翻译原则、翻译方法和常见错误三个方面进行总结和归纳。

一、翻译原则1. 准确性:翻译应保证语言的准确性,不得添加、删减或改变原文的意思。

2. 通顺性:翻译应保持语言的流畅并符合目标语言的习惯表达方式。

3. 简洁性:翻译应力求简洁明了,避免冗长和啰嗦的表达。

4. 文化适应性:翻译应尊重原文的文化背景,合理运用目标语言的文化成分。

5. 格式规范性:翻译应符合目标语言的文体特点和格式要求。

二、翻译方法1. 直译法:对于词汇意义明确、无歧义的部分,直接进行直译。

2. 意译法:对于需要根据上下文或语境进行解释的部分,进行意译,保证传达出准确的意思。

3. 转换法:对于存在文化差异的部分,通过转换来适应目标语言的文化背景。

4. 表达法:对于一些特定表达方式,采用目标语言中常用的表达方式进行翻译。

三、常见错误1. 词义错误:翻译时对词义的理解不准确,导致翻译产生偏差。

2. 语法错误:翻译时未能正确运用目标语言的语法规则,导致译文语法错误,影响表达准确性。

3. 风格不当:翻译时未能恰当运用目标语言的风格特点,导致译文不通顺或不符合读者的阅读习惯。

4. 文化背景不符:未能适应翻译材料所属的文化背景,导致翻译意义不清晰或产生了误解。

以上是实务翻译的期末考试重点总结和归纳,希望能够帮助同学们在考试中取得好成绩。

实务翻译是一个需要不断积累和提升的技能,平时应多加练习和积累经验,提高翻译水平。

祝愿大家期末考试顺利!。

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1813年施莱尔马赫的论文《论翻译的方
学派简介
法》以阐释学的角度论述了翻译与理解的 密切关系。
1975年乔治斯坦纳的著作《通天塔之后:
代表人物
语言与翻译面面观》被视为当代西方翻译
主要理论研究的里程碑式著作。
评价
.
• 阐释学派翻译理论
• 主要理论:
1、翻译的两种途径:一是不打扰原作者,让读者接近作者;二是不打扰读者,让原作者接近读者 (施莱尔马赫) 2、翻译的四个步骤:信任、入侵、吸收、补偿(乔治・斯坦纳) 3、主张译者身份和翻译标准的多元性
.
• 语言学派翻译理论 评价:
优点: 1、翻译理论家对翻译的语言学研究更具独立学科的性质。翻译研究对等值的讨论不再拘泥于内容和功 能,还考虑到文学翻译中的形式和文学性,进而发展为解决多层次、多类型的语际转换问题 不足: 1、研究不能触及翻译的文本层面,虽然在语言学翻译的理论中也提到过文化层面的翻译应注意的事项, 但只是片面的、不系统的
.
02
阐释学派翻译理论
.
• 阐释学派翻译理论
弗里德里希▪施莱尔马赫、海德格 尔、伽达默尔、乔治▪斯坦纳、安 托瓦纳▪贝尔曼
从古至今,无论阐释学怎样发展,他都围
绕语言展开,或研究语言文本,或用语言
理解文本等。翻译也是用不同的语言表达
同一思想,重现原文意义。从这一层面上
讲翻译与阐释学有着天然的密切联系。
个人感想
02
代表人物
04
评价
06
参考文献
.
01
语言学派翻译理论
.
• 语言学派翻译理论
学派简介
20 世纪 50 年代,翻译的独立学科性凸显 出来,一些学者开始引用语言学理论研究翻译, 这批学者被称为西方翻译研究中的语言学派 (结构主义),他们从语言学的相关理论视角 出发,为翻译研究开辟新途径。。论
当代国外翻译理论总结
发表人:马璐瑶
日期:2017.12.25
.
各学派回顾
01 语言学派翻译理论 03 功能学派翻译理论 05 解构学派翻译理论 07 后殖民主义翻译理论
02 阐释学派翻译理论 04 文化学派翻译理论 06 女性主义翻译理论 08 苏东学派翻译理论
.
目录
01
学派简介
03
主要理论
05
代表人物
主要理论
詹姆斯▪霍尔姆斯、伊塔玛▪埃文-佐 哈吉迪恩▪图里、安德烈▪勒菲弗尔 苏珊▪巴斯奈特、西奥▪赫曼斯
评价
.
• 文化学派翻译理论
• 主要理论:
1、霍尔姆斯在 1972 年发表了《翻译学的名与实》,文章提出了翻译应被作为一门新的学科来进 行研究。在这篇文章里,霍尔姆斯讨论了“翻译学”的名称,提出了翻译研究的范围及结构。他 还将翻译研究划分为三个分支,即描述翻译研究、理论翻译研究和应用翻译研究 2、吉迪恩·图里提出了自己的翻译思想。他提出“翻译规范”这一术语,用于从语言、文学和社 会的视角来描述和认识某些指导翻译的准则。图里将“规范”定义为通过社会文化来制约翻译, 尤其是从直接影响译者决策的目标语社会及文化方面进行约束。它图里的最终目标是建立一种用 互相影响的因素(约束条件)来决定(制约)翻译文本的这样一种层级制度 3、文化学派认为翻译不仅是语言活动,更是一种文化交际活动,翻译要重视翻译过程、功能及超 语言的文化因素 4、翻译的目的在于文化转换,翻译就是要满足目的语文化的需要,或者特定群体的需要 5、从文化层面进行翻译研究,将翻译文学作为译语文学的一部分,并采用描述性的研究范式
.
03
功能学派翻译理论
.
• 功能学派翻译理论
凯瑟琳娜▪莱斯、汉斯▪弗米尔、贾 斯塔▪霍茨-曼塔里、克里斯汀娜▪诺 德、汉斯▪荷尼西、保尔▪库斯摩尔
学派简介
代表人物
主要理论
二战后兴起,德国译界语言学派 崇尚的对等论已无法更好地解决 翻译实践中存在的一些问题,功 能翻译学派便应运而生。它针对 翻译语言学派的薄弱环节,广泛 借鉴交际理论、行动理论、信息 论、语篇语言学和接受美学的思 想,将研究的视线从源语文本专 向目标与文本,成为当时德国译 学界影响最大、最活跃的学派。
阐释学派认为,译者作为翻译活动的实施者,在翻译活动中处于中心地位,译者同时也是再 创造者。
不同时期译者的认知、理解水平;文化语言的差异以及读者类型的不同,翻译的标准也不尽 相同
.
• 阐释学派翻译理论 评价:
优点: 1、阐释学翻译理论将翻译扩展到整个语言交流,着重分析翻译过程,对翻译实践和翻译研究都有 很大启发。 2、阐释学派为翻译研究注入了新的活力,使译者摆脱了传统译论中“被动”“静止”的形象,变 得更加生动。 不足: 1、过分夸大译者的主观能动性,陷入“译者中心论” 2、译者理解和翻译过程带有很强的主观性,就可能导致译作和原作有不同程度的背离现象。
2、翻译是一种跨文化交流活动,而在功能学派理论视角下译者的绝对主导地位决定着译者在翻译过程 中有权对原文进行改动或删减,这又限制了跨文化的活动,无形中用“翻译行为”为学术文献设了一层障碍, 在一定程度上影响了学术和文化的交流与发展。
.
04
文化学派翻译理论
.
究的重点主要还 是文本的实证研究、翻译过程的描写以及文学翻 译本身的研究,从80年代起,西方译学开始了跨 学科整合以及文化转向方面的发展。这一时期比 较突出发展的是“描述性翻译研究学派”,也被 称为“多元系统研究”学派。翻译研究的重点从 语言单位转移到文化和功能上来。
英美:尤金▪奈达、约翰▪卡特福 德 彼得▪纽马克、巴兹尔▪哈蒂 姆 捷克布拉格学派:罗曼▪雅克布逊 德国:斯奈尔-霍恩比 前苏联:费奥多罗夫
代表人物
主要理论
评价
.
• 语言学派翻译理论 • 主要理论:
1、20世纪50-90年代,对等概念是翻译研究的主要思想。以语言为中心,从语言的结构特征出发 研究翻译的对等问题,对等是语言学派翻译理论的思想核心(例如:奈达:功能对等・动态对等; 纽马克:交际翻译・语义翻译;卡特福德:等值・转换) 2、20世纪80年代,语言学派开始从语篇语言学和话语分析的角度进行翻译研究,注重语境的研究 3、20世纪90年代,随着认知语言学研究的逐渐升温,翻译迎来了“认知转向”“认知翻译”逐渐 形成
.
• 功能学派翻译理论
评价:
优点: 其目标语转向理论推翻了原文的权威地位,使译者摆脱了对等论的羁绊,在翻译史上有重要成就;在翻译 教学和译员培训方面成就突出;在商业文本和政治文本的翻译中取得了较大成就 不足:
1、功能学派的目的论过分强调翻译目的,强化委托人的意图,弱化了原文的文化内涵和语言结构,忽 视了翻译的语言学因素,使得译文有可能失去原文的功能或作用,也使得翻译在部分领域由原本纯粹的学术行 为沦为行业的机器,因此该理论在文学、语言学等领域的翻译是不适用的。
评价
.
• 功能学派翻译理论 • 主要理论:
1、翻译应该优先考虑功能特征而不是对等原则 2、译文取决于翻译的目的,根据不同的目的,采取不同的翻译策略,满足不同的功能。 3、将翻译看作一种跨文化交际行为,主张翻译策略由译文在目的文化中的功能所决定,翻译的标 准不再是意义的等值而是是否实现了委托所规定的功能目标 4、源语文本就翻译行为而言只是信息源,只起提供信息的作用,将目的语文本的交际目的和预期 功能的重视提升到了前所未有的高度
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