学术英语社科Unit3含答案
学术英语(社科)Unit1-8 Text A译文
学术英语课文翻译Unit1人们如何做出决策理性的人认为在保证金1.经济学家通常假设人是理性的。
理性的人们系统地,有目的地做最好的,他们可以实现他们的目标,考虑到可用的机会。
当你学习经济学,你会遇到公司决定雇佣多少工人,有多少他们的产品生产和销售利润最大化。
你也会遇到那些决定花多少时间工作和买什么商品和服务产生的收入来实现最高水平的满意度。
2.理性的人知道生活中的决策很少是黑白的，但通常是灰色的。
在吃饭的时候，你面对的不是空腹或是像猪一样进食，而是吃额外的一匙土豆泥。
当考试开始时，你的决定不是介于两者之间，而是让他们减少或学习一天24小时，而不是花更多的时间复习笔记而不是看电视。
经济学家用“边际变化”这个术语来描述对现有的行动计划的调整。
请记住，边际意味着“边缘如此边缘的变化是在你正在做的边缘周围的调整”。
理性的人往往通过比较边际收益和边际成本来做出决定。
3.例如，考虑一家航空公司决定向待机乘客收取多少费用。
假设撒德躺在横跨美国的200座飞机上，航空公司损失100,000英镑。
在这种情况下，每个座位的平均成本是1,000美元/ 200美元，这是500美元。
有人可能会得出这样的结论：航空公司不应该售出票价低于500美元的机票。
事实上，一家理性的航空公司通常可以通过考虑利润率来提高利润。
想象一下，一架飞机即将起飞，有10个空座位，候机旅客在门口等候，将支付300美元的座位。
航空公司应该把票卖掉吗？当然应该。
如果飞机有空座位，增加一个乘客的成本很小。
乘飞机的平均成本是S500，边际成本仅仅是额外的乘客将消耗的花生袋和苏打水的成本。
只要备用乘客支付超过边际成本，售票是有利可图的。
4.边际决策有助于解释一些令人费解的经济现象。
这里有一个经典的问题：为什么水这么便宜，而钻石这么贵？人类需要水来生存，而钻石是不必要的；但出于某种原因，人们愿意付出更多的钻石比一杯水。
原因是一个人愿意支付任何好处是基于一个额外单位的好处会产生边际效益。
学术英语(教师资料)-Unit3
Unit Contents
1 Preparing for listening to a lecture 2 Paying attention to the introduction 3 Understanding the ideas through examples 4 Following a lecture through signal words 5 Memorizing the points by taking notes
Unit 3 Listening to Lectures
1 Preparing for listening to a lecture
• Lectures are not only a major part of college learning, but another major source of your research article.You will get information no less than from reading essays and articles.To listen to an academic lecture effectively, however, you may do some homework beforehand.The following are some tips:
Unit 3 Listening to Lectures
3 Understanding the ideas through examples
Signal words that you should pay attention to:
for example for instance the following example (story/ incident) illustrates/
学术英语(社科)_Unit 3含答案
Unit 3
Unemployment
Text A
Difficult sentences
• Even if some frictional unemployment is inevitable, the precise amount is not. (Para. 9)
→ Even if we cannot avoid frictional unemployment, we can affect the extent of frictional unemployment.
Task 1 Watch a video clip and complete the following sentences according to the information you have heard.
1 Eric, president of , is invited to give college grads _ti_p_s_o_f_f_in_d_in_g__a_j_o_b_.
Unit 3 Unemployment
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Text Analysis
Read Text A and answer the following questions.
1 Why can losing a job be the most distressing economic event in a person’s life?
5 What does sectoral shift (结构性变化) mean?
Sectoral shift means the change in the composition of demand among industries or regions.
学术英语(社科)Unit 3含答案
No Image
Unit 3
Unemployment
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Text Analysis
Read Text A and answer the following questions. 1 Why can losing a job be the most distressing economic event in a person’s life?
Unemployment
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Text Analysis 2 What happens to a country when it keeps its workers as fully employed as possible? The result of it is achieving a higher level of GDP.
No Image
Unit 3
UnemplΒιβλιοθήκη yment• Text A
– Critical reading and thinking – Difficult sentences – English language for academic purpose
• Specialized vocabulary • Collocations • Signpost language • Formal English
incredible talents 2 College grads of this generation have _______________ which is an advantage that not everybody has.
学术英语(社科)-Unit-3含答案
2 Word Families and
Collocations
词族和搭配。
4 Strategies
学习学术词汇的策略。
Critical Thinking
Definition
批判性思维的定义。
Distinguishing Fact from Opinion
区分事实和观点。
Importance
引用和改写的方法。
Academic Integrity
1 Definition
学术诚信的定义。
3 Types of Academic
Misconduct
学术不端行为的类型。
2 Importance
学术诚信在社会科学中的重要性。
4 Prevention Strategies
预防学术不端行为的策略。
Conclusion
Speaking and Listening
1
Characteristics of
Academic Speaking
Participation in Academic
2
社会科学学术演讲的特点。
Discussions
参与学术讨论和研讨会的技巧。
3
Effective Listening
有效听力的策略。
1 Summary of Key Points
关键要点总结。
3 Resources
进一步学习的资源。
2 Future Directions
提高社会科学学术英语能力的未来方向。
4 Evaluation
对本单元的评估。
批判性思维在社会科学中的重要性。
Evaluating Sources
学术英语(社科)Unit3三单元原文及翻译
UNIT 3 Unemployment1. Losing a job can be the most distressing economic event in a person’s life. Most people rely on their labor earnings to maintain their standard of living, and many people get from their work not only income but also a sense of personal accomplishment.A job loss means a lower living standard in the present, anxiety about the future, and reducedself-esteem. It is not surprising, therefore, that politicians campaigning for office often speak about how their proposed policies will help create jobs.失去一份工作可能是最痛苦的经济事件在一个人的生活。
大多数人们依靠自己的劳动收入来维持他们的生活标准,许多人会从他们的工作得到的不仅是收入，还有自己的成就感。
一个失去工作意味着现在要定一个更低的生活标准,焦虑未来,并丧失自尊心。
这并不奇怪,因此,政治家竞选办公室经常谈论他们所提出的政策将帮助创造就业机会。
4.In judging how serious the problem of unemployment is, one question to consider is whether unemployment is typically a short-term or long-term condition. If unemployment is short-term, one might conclude that it is not a big problem. Workers may require a few weeks between jobs to find the openings that best suit their tastes and skills. Yet if unemployment is long-term, one might conclude that it is a serious problem. Workers unemployed for many months are more likely to suffer economic and psychological hardship.判断失业问题有多么严重时，其中一个问题就是要考虑是否失业通常是一个短期或长期的条件。
新核心综合学术英语教程3unit1-6答案全之欧阳家百创编
综合学术英语教程3 答案欧阳家百（2021.03.07）Unit 1 DefinitionKeys to the ExercisesTask 1 Familiarizing Yourself with DefinitionReading1 Great Leaps in Modern Technology2. Technology, on the other hand, is more of an applied science. It is where tools and knowledgeare used for the study of a particular science. For example, the science of energy can havetechnology as its application. In the case of energy as a subject in science, solar panels can beused for a variety of technologies, an example of which are solar-powered lights.From the following website:/science/difference-between-science-and-technology/#ixzz37toZQcugTask 2 Understanding Lectures through DefinitionListening 11. phobia, hypnophobia, cynophobia, aerophobia2. 1) T 2) F 3) F 4) T 5) T 6) T 7) F 8) F1. 1) Indigenous knowledge means knowledge belonging to the country, rather than beingbrought there from another country.2) All the list items will probably be included since the title israther broad and general.3) For open discussion2. 1) International knowledge system.2) Knowledge capital, physical and financial capital.3) It contains the skills, experiences and insights of people, applied to maintain or improve their4) Medicine and veterinary medicine.5) It is considered the social capital, meaning an essential resource for survival and means ofsustenance and livelihood.6) a) It is inappropriate for new challenges or it adapts too slowly; b) The introduction offoreign technologies or development concepts that promise short-term gains or solutions toproblems that they cannot sustain.7) Agriculture, animal husbandry and ethnic veterinary medicine, primary health care,preventive medicine and psychosocial care, saving and lending.8) A higher variance of traits, less susceptible to the frequent droughts, reduce risks.9) a) Indigenous knowledge is vital for its bearers; b) Become fully aware of its value andcontributions to the intended objectives; c) It is an integral part of global knowledge in itsown right.10) An integration or combination of indigenous knowledge and foreign knowledge.Reading 2 Indigenous Knowledge3. 1) r. override 2) j. expertise 3) d. intimate 4) a. unanimous 5) g. intrusion6) u. dissemination 7) c. insights 8) l. susceptible 9) n. incorporating10) f. vanish11) m. interaction 12) s. scenario 13) i. detrimental 14) p. implement15) k. alleviation16) b. encompass 17) o. validate 18) h. impending 19) e. interweave 20) t. rational4. For reference:The two articles both employ definitions for the introduction of the terms and examples tovalidate each facet. Both use classifications, descriptions, comparison and contrast for furtheranalysis. One big difference lies in the perspective to view the title,with the first a ratherholistic discussion ranging from the status quo to the settlement of the existing problems andthe second a partial focus on chiefly its applications.Reading 3 Ultrasonics5. 1) component 2) accumulate 3) spherical 4) navigate 5) fatigue6) harness 7) version 8) synonymous 9) inhibit 10) integrity11) uniform 12) detect 13) incidence 14) monitor 15) probe16) intensity 17) convert 18) proceed 19) visualize 20) inspect6. Attention: there is a mistake here, the first should be Para. K Para. K—e Para. B—a Para. C—c Para. D—f Para. E—hPara. F—d Para. G—j Para. H—i Para. I—b Para. J—g7. 1) E 2) F 3) Para. E 4) E 5) F 6) Para. H 7) Para. H 8) E8. For open discussionTask 4 Writing an Essay of DefinitionReading 4 Disruptive Technologies1) Natural breathing will be provided by the robot for the patient during surgery.2) The pressure will have to be reduced by us.3) All instruments need to be sterilized.4) For us, some physical and technical factors may be considered/ taken into consideration.5) If we make sustained efforts, there is a chance that the environment will be improved.6) Some specific demands of the scientific establishment have to be made.7) The presence of the country has been felt more than ever by thewhole world.8) It seems that other explanations are hard to be found.9) The interaction between organism and environment is being perceived.10) The tests work most effectively if what will be measured can be most precisely defined.Integrated Exercises2. 1) component 2) integrity 3) mobilize 4) option 5) monitor 6) navigate 7) encompass8) compromise 9) incorporate 10) implement 11) impending 12) scenario3. 1) The survey encompasses social, political, and economic aspects of the situation.2) In some countries power is synonymous with corruption.3) The strike shut down many airports, but international f lights were unaffected.4) The scenery is beautiful but inaccessible to most ordinary travelers.5) The conflict deprived him of the means of livelihood.6) Such animals can withstand the extremes of weather.7) The rise in the time spent on the Internet is concomitant with the massive loss ofsociability.8) Many inventions such as gunpowder and the compass originated in China.9) The frequency of mining accidents has decreased over the past10 years.10) The maximum number of places offered by the medical school for the applicants is 15.5. 1) Scientists should warn people about PM 2.5 and the need to restrict their children’soutdoor activities to avoid even the minimal damage.2) The local government has implemented a development program for the mountain climbersto leave the surrounding region unaffected.3) We can reduce the risks to zero since we are sure of what risks they are running.4) To combat your anxiety, you should compel yourself tovisualize a promising future in which a problem has already been settled.5) He holds that developed countries should be held accountablefor economic growth on a global scale.6) Trash is not yet fully utilized, leading to overlooking the potential in it.7) A large number of females choose the option of personalfinance to achieve control of their own lives.8)The university has decided to invest in the project because ithas many technical advantages over other similar ones.9) Trees can provide shelter for both man and animals, which we tend to overlook.10) We are trying to achieve a sound understanding of liberal artscourses, which encompasses a wide range of subjects. Listening 2A. (1) F (2) T (3) T (4) F (5) T (6) T (7) TB. (1) Clouding computing is about the provision of computerresources like SaaS, PaaS, and infrastructure provision whileprivate computing isn’t.(2) 67.(3) Because the Industrial Revolution is not a thing, and it cannotbe defined by some specific products. It is a transformation ora transition involving concepts, ideas, ways of production,changing attitudes, etc.(4) Because it is more than just technology, as the speaker furthercompares it to electricity, which has transformed from aninnovation to much more of a utility service.(5) Ubiquitous.Listening 3A. (1) C (2) B (3) A (4) C (5) Dpressed, whisper, external, pockets, panic, assembly,psychological, reflection, simultaneous, architecture, figure out, legitimate, instantaneous, clicking, addictedC. (1) B, C (2) CUnit 2 ClassificationKeys to the ExercisesTask 1 Familiarizing Yourself with Classification1. 1) Man-made or anthropogenic causes, and natural causes.2)Pollution (burning fossil fuels, mining coal and oil, etc.), theproduction of CO2 ( the increase of population, thedemolition of trees, etc.).3) CO2 is a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the Earth’s atmosphere.4) Classification helps us to determine and understand therelationship of the parts of a subject which is studied by us.Classification is made on the basis of a clear definition.5) In order to make a clear and logic classification, one needs tofollow a principle of classification and go on with a systemconsistently. For example, the categories of classificationshould be mutually exclusive and no overlapping is allowed. Reading 1 Causes for Global Warming2. Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel resource. It provides aboutone-quarter of the total energy the world uses, and 40 percent of the electricity generated worldwide is powered by coal. The steel industry also is greatly dependent upon this fossil fuel. Like other depleting sources of global energy, coal reserves are also on a steep decline. Moreover, coal is a greenhouse gas nightmare.Natural gas is comprised mostly of methane, although it also contains ethane, propane and butane. It is a convenient and efficient energy source. The major consumers of natural gas are the residential, commercial and industrial sectors. It is also used to generate electricity. Unlike other fossil fuels, natural gas is cleaner and causes less pollution. Like other fossil fuels, this resource is depleting rapidly.Task 2 Understanding Lectures through ClassificationListening 11. Unconscious motivation, unconscious conflict, the id, the ego, the superego, etc.2. 1) T 2) F 3) F 4) F 5) T 6) F 7) T 8) F3. Idea One: The existence of an unconscious motivationexistence of unconscious motivation; second, the concept of unconscious conflict. Freud believes that unconscious motivation might play an important role in a lot of situations, such as marriage, forgetting a person’s name, calling out the wrong name etc. In his view, there are three processes going on in the head, namely, id,ego and superego, which are in violent internal conflict.Id functions on “the Pleasure Principle”, while ego workson“the Reality Principle” and superego is the internalized rules of a society. Ego is in between id and superego.Task 3 Reading Classification ArticlesReading 2 Renewable Energy Sources—A Brief Summary1. 1) Renewable energy is energy which comes from naturalresources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermalheat, which are renewable (naturally replenished).2)□√The purpose of using renewable energy sources.√The classification of renewable energy sources.□√The examples of different types of renewable energy sources.□□√The advantages and disadvantages of various types of renewable energy sources.√The history of the use of different energy sources.□□ How energy is obtained from various sources.3) I would write:(1) The definition of the renewable energy.(2) The classification of the renewable energy.(3) The advantages and the disadvantages of various types of renewable energy sources.2. 1) The signing of the Kyoto Treaty.2) It converts the sun’s rays into energy.3) The main demerit is that it is limited.4) Sailors, farmers and architects.5) The main advantage is that this doesn’t produce any by-products that can be harmful to the environment.6) Because the Earth’s crust continuously decays, replenishing the heat.7) They use the force of the water to push the turbine which inturn powers a generator thus generating electricity.8) It poses a problem for fish and aquatic plants on both sides of the dam.9) They contain no petroleum, and they are nontoxic and biodegradable.10) The Environmental Protection Agency.3. 1) j. evolution 2) s. solar 3) a. architect 4) l. geothermal 5) p. preserve6) b. biodegradable 7) r. radioactive 8) f. crusade 9) h. distribute10) q. radiant11) i. domestic 12) t. validation 13) k. generator 14) d. capture15) g. definitely16) n. install 17) e. consumption 18) m. harness 19) o. internal 20) c. bladeReading 3 Types of Pollution5. 1) voluntary 2) construction 3) contamination 4) eruption 5) regulation6) deforestation 7) yield 8) irrigation 9) confine 10) sewage11) hazardous 12) residential 13) vapor 14) decay 15) erosion16) disrupt 17) particulate 18) underground 19) concentration 20) combathistory and has been advancing constantly, thus enabling us to convert heat into electricity, which can be stored, ready for use. Task 4 Writing an Essay of ClassificationReading 4 Types of Sustainability1.despite the occasional utilizations of interrogative sentences. 2) To support the truths, reliable evidence is quoted by scholars in all disciplines.3) Much importance should be attached to the comprehension of thedifference between education and training.4) A person who exposes himself to the sunlight for excessive time issusceptible to malignant melanoma.5) Students doing temporary jobs display a better performance in their academic studies.6) American frontier is deeply rooted in many aspects of American character.7) The direct involvement of many a foreign country is evident in theprocess of US territorial expansion.8) Parents need to equipped with much care and knowledge while raising a kid.9) Environment plays a vital role in the growth of plants.10) In the past, Beijing was ravaged by dust storms for 20 days annually.Integrated Exercises2. 1) motivation 2) demolish 3) symptom 4) combat 5) capture 6)distribute 7) assert 8) yield9) internal 10) emergence 11) adherence 12) disrupt3. 1) Internet acces s is available in the students’ dormitory.2) If you can harness your energy, you’ll be rewarded with huge accomplishments.3) It has been confirmed that foul weather is highly hazardous for sea navigation.4) The governmental nuclear waste disposal plan aroused fierceprotests from the local residents.5) Extinction of this rare species of bird is foreseeable if effective measures are not taken.6) While delivering a public speech, a speaker must articulate his/her arguments.7) I highly esteem his current research on stem cells.8) A speaker cannot always secure the cooperation of the audience.9) The car industry of this country is sheltered by its government from foreign competition.10) Even a moderate elevation of blood pressure leads to shortened life expectancys.5. 1) The effective disposal of the recognized sources of pollutiondemonstrates to be of great aid in the elevation of people’squality of life.2) Since the rapid evolution of technology, the lifestyles of thegenerations ahead of us will witness a revolutionized change.3) Tapping heat from the Earth enables the residents of resource-poorregions to combat the poor conditions.4) The downside of the practice of fertilizing the soil by burningstraws is the fact that the released dusts and particles pose aserious problem for the health of the respiratory system.5) This campaign, organized by environmentally consciousindividuals, has a measurable effect on the generalimprovement of all the people’s environmental protectionawareness.6) The history of deforestation can date back to two millenniums ago,which has deteriorated constantly in the modern times,leading to a huge loss of wildlife habitat.7) During the visit to Huangshan (Yellow Mountain), the touristswere amazed at how nature works wonders, realizing thatbeauty is only sustainable if all of us care for the environmentaround us.8) Drug abuse is a general degradation of lifestyle, causing immediate health effects.9) Oil leakage in the mainstream river considerably decreases thequantity of drinkable water; what’s worse, the adverse effectsare not confined to areas near the source.10) Luckily, the pollution inflicted by this accident will be effectivelyremoved through natural cycles, not having a negative impacton the environment.Listening 2A. (1) T (2) F (3) F (4) F (5) T (6) F (7) FB. (1) The individual’s potential and the importance of growth and self-actualization.(2) The lower one.(3) By providing lunch breaks, rest breaks and sufficient wages to purchase essentials.(4) The love and belonging needs.(5) They are self-aware, concerned with personal growth, lessconcerned with the opinions of other people, and interested infulfilling their potential.C. This lecture is about Maslow’s theory of the hierarchy of needs,namely physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. Physiological needs are the most basic and instinctive ones, which must be satisfied first.Safety needs refer to the needs for safety and security, also important for survival. Social needs include the needs for belonging, love and affection, the deprivation of which leads to unhappiness. Esteem needs reflect on personal worth, social recognition and accomplishment; if unmet, it may lead to inferiority complex. Self-actualization needs are at the highest level, meaning to realize a person’s full potential, capacities and talents.Listening 3A. (1) A (2) A (3) D (4) C (5) BB. classically, runny nose, sore throat, intrigued, initially, clinically,alludes to, building up, immune, alongside, shuffling, rip through, hospitalizationsC. (1) B C E(2) ① A B C ② A B ③ A B ④ A B ⑤ A B C ⑥ C ⑦ A ⑧ A⑨ A ⑩A CUnit 3 Comparison and ContrastKeys to the ExercisesTask 1 Familiarizing Yourself with Comparison and Contrast1. 1) Electric vehicles and gas vehicles.2) The energy they used, the distance, the cost and convenience.3) The electric vehicles and gas vehicles share some similarities:the appearance of muscle cars, all the standard features anditem. In such a pattern, the writer structures his paragrapharound points of comparison, moving back and forth betweenthe subjects.5) The former one—list all similarities of the two subjects, then their differences.Reading 1 Electric Vehicles and Gas Vehicle2. What’s more, there is a health factor that affects both of them.Canned food loses some of the original fresh food nutrients when stored, and also has to be tinned with many preservatives and chemical factors that prolong the shelf life and apparent freshness of the food but could become toxic if consumed too often. Fresh food, on the other hand, often comes straight from a farm and has all the nutrients Mother Nature intended for it. As we can see, fresh food offers many benefits that canned food lacks. Therefore, an informed diner should always choose to eat fresh. After all, we could all use to improve our health.Task 2 Understanding Lectures Through Comparison and ContrastListening 12. 1) T. What I’m just beginning to realize right now, is that we paya huge price for the speed that we claim is a big advantage ofthese computers.2) F. And they consume one and a half megawatts of power. Sothat would be really great, if you could add that to theproduction capacity in Tanzania. It would really boost theeconomy.3) F. Now, how much computation does the brain do? I estimate10 to the 16 bits per second, which is actually about verysimilar to what Blue Gene does. So that’s the question.4) T. So what we are doing right now with computers with theenergy consumed by 1,200 houses, the brain is doing with the energy consumed by your laptop.5) F. How does that compare with the way computers work? Inthe computer, you have all the data going through the central processing unit, and any piece of data basically has to go through that bottleneck, whereas in the brain, what you have is these neurons.6) T. This is something that we’ve been working on for the last couple of years.3. 120,000 processors10 to the 16 bits per second1.5 megawatts10 quadrillion bits per second10 watts4. Although computers have strong power to process data, they stillcannot compare to the brain of human beings in which an unbelievable number of neurons connect and react with each other so that a real net could be accomplished perfectly. The research on how the computer could be as powerful as a brain will continue going on.Task 3 Reading Comparison and Contrast Articles2. 1) Consumer perceptions of organic processes and products andthose involving biotechnology.2) Health, environment, risk and ethics.3) No study has directly elicited comparable attitudes aboutorganic and GM products and processes.4) The average participant slightly, but not strongly, agreed withthe positively worded health attributes (e.g., organic food ishealthier), and disagreed with the negatively worded healthattributes (e.g., organic food is less healthy). The averageresponse about the healthfulness of GM foods was generallyneutral.5) Both were thought to have higher levels of nutrients than traditional food.6) Generally, consumers perceive organic food production as environmentally friendly.7) Respondents perceived GM foods as possessing a higher levelof risk than other classes of food.8) Social acceptability is one motive driving the purchase of organic food.9) Respondents did not have major ethical objections to GM food.10) Forty-five percent.Reading 2 Perceptions of Genetically Modified and Organic Foods and Processes3. 1) p. prevalent 2) a. perception 3) i. moderate 4) f. construct 5) q.advantageous 6) k. attribute 7) c. organic 8) h. volume 9) l.nutrient 10) d. elicit 11) g. explicitly 12) b. warrant13) m. inherent 14) t. respondent 15) e. empirical 16) j. contradict17) o. obesity18) n. cure 19) s. neutral 20) r. motiveReading 3 A Comparative Report of Organic Food vs. Genetically Modified Food5. 1) synthetic 2) manure 3) botanical 4) alter 5) regulation 6)compost 7) recommendation8) mineral 9) federal 10) potent 11) organism 12) network 13)transformation 14) normal\15) chemical 16) trace 17) negative 18) poll 19) facilities 20) modification8. My summary is: Fueled by health concerns, people havefocused more on the origin of food over the past decade; so to answer their questions, this report shows that organic foods are the best choice compared with genetically modified food.Task 4 Writing an Essay of Comparison and ContrastReading 4 Fast Food Restaurant: McDonald’s vs. Wendy’s1. B. Wendy’s1) the Ultimate Chicken Grill2) small order of chiliMcDonald’s1) fruit yogurt parfait2) green apple slices (kid’s menu)3) healthier sandwich choices (such as McVeggie Burger,Chicken Fajitas, and Whole Wheat Chicken McGrill)C. Presentation of food: At Wendy’s, not only are the mealoptions excellent, the presentation of healthy menu choices issuperior.Wendy’s salads are large and fresh with only one hindrance: excess water at the bottom of the bowl.McDonald’s salads lack in appearance and freshness. These salads appear thrown together and often look wilted.D. Wendy’s:the first major fast food chain to offer fast food salad as a meal’s main course.McDonald’s: n ow also offers salads as a main course menu choice, in reaction to the popularity of Wendy’s salads.E. Meal variety, good presentation and several salad choices areall considered when evaluating a fast food restaurant. Withfast food restaurants such as Wendy’s and McDonald’savailable, it is considerably easier for people to make healthierfood choices.5. 1) None of his speech is imperfect in organization and wording.2) The manager will not miss the opportunity to accept the students’ proposals.3) Kevin did not deny he took risky bets and lied to cover themup but claimed his superiors were not ignorant of his doing.4) It was told that their work n eeded to be improved as it wasn’t done well.5) It is not avoidable that the public won’t miss such scandals in the business world.6) Never will my parents be unready to help me out.7) Hardly did the idea of returning to his hometown stop recurring in his dreams.8) The islands failed to find that they were ready to fight against the outside intruders.9) It was not until failing to catch the last bus to the city late onenight did Mike not know what to do next.10) Never does he lose the optimistic confidence for life eventhough things don’t always go smoothly.Integrated Exercise2. 1) accommodate 2) exhibition 3) consistent 4) negative 5) considerably 6) response7) version 8) regulation 9) capacity 10) alter 11) trace 12) involve3. 1) Older people are less likely to perceive situations negativelybecause they’re typically more tolerant.2) In most cases, the major reason for conducting an analysis,although not often explicitly stated, appears to be to justify taxpayer spending.3) The organization of the novel allowed readers to reconstructthe story by adding missing elements and arranging thesequence of the events.4) These skills are easy to learn and can add considerably to theoverall enjoyment of spending time out-of-doors.5) He was asked to refine his draft headline to make it clearer and more exact.6) It is inevitable that success in most work is evaluated by income.7) The rejection of the parents’ political and religious beliefs puttheir children in a difficult position.8) It is well-known that the government will be consistent in itspositions on civil rights legislation.9) The public figures who are seeking to further their careerscannot make selections about the publicity they desire.10) Considerable modification of the existing system is needed to increase efficiency.5. 1) An appropriate use of limited natural resources isadvantageous for the Earth environment where human beingslive.2) The uncertainty over this region continues to grow; what ismore unfortunate, people may need some time to adapt.3) Conventional notions holds that organic food is much healthierthan genetically modified food.4) The brand gown designed by Marina comes to accommodatethe need for a number of occasions, including churches, dinners, business and other special occasions.5) There is a more prevalent concern that the shortage of thisresearch is due to the overall lack of knowledge of AIDS groups and the difficulty of access to those groups.6) After being exposed to and weighing the information aboutthose risks, US researchers suggested that childhood obesity prevention should occur/happen as early as possible, as much as possible before birth.7) If this change is made, you are likely to run the risk of losingthe audience and your reputation.8) In the modern society, in rejection of the traditional stereotypethat women need more care and tendance, many womenassume/undertake the responsibility of raising a family.9) Since the 21st century, the short-term certificates are rapidlygaining popularity, especially for non-white students.10) The research found that 75 percent of American teenagersalways boast a healthy self-image.Listening 2A. (1) F (2) T (3) F (4) F (5) T (6) F (7) TB. (1) When the speaker was 15 years old, he first discovered the good waste problem.(2) He grabbed hold of it, sat down, and ate his breakfast with pigs.(3) It gave him faith that the people do have the power to stop thistragic waste of food resources and bring about that change.(4) 40 to 60 percent.(5) The best thing is to feed pigs with food waste, and then their meat will be turned back intofood.(6)“Feeding the 5,000” is an event the author first organized in2009. They fed 5,000 people all on food that otherwise wouldhave been wasted.C. Food waste has always been a tragic result for both humans andthe food. People discard some food may be just because of its wrong size or shape. These foods include not only vegetables and fruits, but also some animal products. The waste food ends up in pigs’ stomachs or landf ill sites. The author has gone to many corners of the world to spread the belief that food should not be wasted, for the resources on the Earth are limited and people should learn to share and cherish them. Excessive food waste could lead to serious outcomes for the environment. Listening 3A. (1) A (2) B (3) D (4) C (5) DB. difference, farmers, life, grass, roll, volunteer, close, fresh, know, community, actually, goC. (1) D (2) EBCDAUnit 4CAUSE AND EFFECTKeys to the ExercisesTask 1Reading 11. 1) For essential hypertension, there are age and race, diet and lifestyle, obesity, diabetes, stress; insufficient intake of potassium, calcium, and magnesium, lack of physical activity, and chronic alcohol consumption. For secondary hypertension, there are kidney diseases, tumors or otherabnormalities.2) For essential hypertension, the supporting evidences are“high blood pressure tends to run in families and is more likely to affect men than women. Age and race also play a role. In the United States, blacks are twice as likely as whites to have high blood pressure, although the gap begins to narrow around age 44. After age 65, black。
新核心综合学术英语教程3unit1-6答案全
综合学术英语教程3 答案Unit 1 DefinitionKeys to the ExercisesTask 1 Familiarizing Yourself with DefinitionReading1 Great Leaps in Modern Technology2. Technology, on the other hand, is more of an applied science. It is where tools and knowledgeare used for the study of a particular science. For example, the science of energy can have technology as its application. In the case of energy as a subject in science, solar panels can be used for a variety of technologies, an example of which are solar-powered lights.From the following website:/science/difference-between-science-and-technology/#ixzz37toZQcugTask 2 Understanding Lectures through DefinitionListening 11. phobia, hypnophobia, cynophobia, aerophobia2. 1) T 2) F 3) F 4) T 5) T 6) T 7) F 8) F1. 1) Indigenous knowledge means knowledge belonging to the country, rather than beingbrought there from another country.2) All the list items will probably be included since the title is rather broad and general.3) For open discussion2. 1) International knowledge system.2) Knowledge capital, physical and financial capital.3) It contains the skills, experiences and insights of people, applied to maintain or improve their4) Medicine and veterinary medicine.5) It is considered the social capital, meaning an essential resource for survival and means ofsustenance and livelihood.6) a) It is inappropriate for new challenges or it adapts too slowly; b) The introduction offoreign technologies or development concepts that promise short-term gains or solutions to problems that they cannot sustain.7) Agriculture, animal husbandry and ethnic veterinary medicine, primary health care,preventive medicine and psychosocial care, saving and lending.8) A higher variance of traits, less susceptible to the frequent droughts, reduce risks.9) a) Indigenous knowledge is vital for its bearers; b) Become fully aware of its value andcontributions to the intended objectives; c) It is an integral part of global knowledge in its own right.10) An integration or combination of indigenous knowledge and foreign knowledge.Reading 2 Indigenous Knowledge3. 1) r. override 2) j. expertise 3) d. intimate 4) a. unanimous 5) g. intrusion6) u. dissemination 7) c. insights 8) l. susceptible 9) n. incorporating 10) f. vanish11) m. interaction 12) s. scenario 13) i. detrimental 14) p. implement 15) k. alleviation16) b. encompass 17) o. validate 18) h. impending 19) e. interweave 20) t. rational4. For reference:The two articles both employ definitions for the introduction of the terms and examples to validate each facet. Both use classifications, descriptions, comparison and contrast for further analysis. One big difference lies in the perspective to view the title, with the first a rather holistic discussion ranging from the status quo to the settlement of the existing problems and the second a partial focus on chiefly its applications.Reading 3 Ultrasonics5. 1) component 2) accumulate 3) spherical 4) navigate 5) fatigue6) harness 7) version 8) synonymous 9) inhibit 10) integrity11) uniform 12) detect 13) incidence 14) monitor 15) probe16) intensity 17) convert 18) proceed 19) visualize 20) inspect6. Attention: there is a mistake here, the first should be Para. KPara. K—e Para. B—a Para. C—c Para. D—f Para. E—hPara. F—d Para. G—j Para. H—i Para. I—b Para. J—g7. 1) E 2) F 3) Para. E 4) E 5) F 6) Para. H 7) Para. H 8) E8. For open discussionTask 4 Writing an Essay of DefinitionReading 4 Disruptive Technologies5. For reference only1) Natural breathing will be provided by the robot for the patient during surgery.2) The pressure will have to be reduced by us.3) All instruments need to be sterilized.4) For us, some physical and technical factors may be considered/ taken into consideration.5) If we make sustained efforts, there is a chance that the environment will be improved.6) Some specific demands of the scientific establishment have to be made.7) The presence of the country has been felt more than ever by the whole world.8) It seems that other explanations are hard to be found.9) The interaction between organism and environment is being perceived.10) The tests work most effectively if what will be measured can be most precisely defined. Integrated Exercises2. 1) component 2) integrity 3) mobilize 4) option 5) monitor 6) navigate 7) encompass8) compromise 9) incorporate 10) implement 11) impending 12) scenario3. 1) The survey encompasses social, political, and economic aspects of the situation.2) In some countries power is synonymous with corruption.3) The strike shut down many airports, but international f lights were unaffected.4) The scenery is beautiful but inaccessible to most ordinary travelers.5) The conflict deprived him of the means of livelihood.6) Such animals can withstand the extremes of weather.7) The rise in the time spent on the Internet is concomitant with the massive loss ofsociability.8) Many inventions such as gunpowder and the compass originated in China.9) The frequency of mining accidents has decreased over the past 10 years.10) The maximum number of places offered by the medical school for the applicants is 15. 5. 1) Scientists should warn people about PM 2.5 and the need to restrict their children’soutdoor activities to avoid even the minimal damage.2) The local government has implemented a development program for the mountain climbersto leave the surrounding region unaffected.3) We can reduce the risks to zero since we are sure of what risks they are running.4) To combat your anxiety, you should compel yourself to visualize a promising future inwhich a problem has already been settled.5) He holds that developed countries should be held accountable for economic growth on aglobal scale.6) Trash is not yet fully utilized, leading to overlooking the potential in it.7) A large number of females choose the option of personal finance to achieve control of theirown lives.8)The university has decided to invest in the project because it has many technicaladvantages over other similar ones.9) Trees can provide shelter for both man and animals, which we tend to overlook.10) We are trying to achieve a sound understanding of liberal arts courses, whichencompasses a wide range of subjects.Listening 2A. (1) F (2) T (3) T (4) F (5) T (6) T (7) TB. (1) Clouding computing is about the provision of computer resources like SaaS, PaaS, andinfrastructure provision while private computing isn’t.(2) 67.(3) Because the Industrial Revolution is not a thing, and it cannot be defined by some specificproducts. It is a transformation or a transition involving concepts, ideas, ways of production, changing attitudes, etc.(4) Because it is more than just technology, as the speaker further compares it to electricity,which has transformed from an innovation to much more of a utility service.(5) Ubiquitous.Listening 3A. (1) C (2) B (3) A (4) C (5) DB. compressed, whisper, external, pockets, panic, assembly, psychological, reflection,simultaneous, architecture, figure out, legitimate, instantaneous, clicking, addictedC. (1) B, C (2) CUnit 2 ClassificationKeys to the ExercisesTask 1 Familiarizing Yourself with Classification1. 1) Man-made or anthropogenic causes, and natural causes.2) Pollution (burning fossil fuels, mining coal and oil, etc.), the production of CO2 ( theincrease of population, the demolition of trees, etc.).3) CO2 is a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the Earth’s atmosphere.4) Classification helps us to determine and understand the relationship of the parts of asubject which is studied by us. Classification is made on the basis of a clear definition.5) In order to make a clear and logic classification, one needs to follow a principle ofclassification and go on with a system consistently. For example, the categories of classification should be mutually exclusive and no overlapping is allowed.Reading 1 Causes for Global Warming2. Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel resource. It provides about one-quarter of the totalenergy the world uses, and 40 percent of the electricity generated worldwide is powered by coal. The steel industry also is greatly dependent upon this fossil fuel. Like other depletingsources of global energy, coal reserves are also on a steep decline. Moreover, coal is a greenhouse gas nightmare. Natural gas is comprised mostly of methane, although it also contains ethane, propane and butane. It is a convenient and efficient energy source. The major consumers of natural gas are the residential, commercial and industrial sectors. It is also used to generate electricity. Unlike other fossil fuels, natural gas is cleaner and causes less pollution. Like other fossil fuels, this resource is depleting rapidly.Task 2 Understanding Lectures through ClassificationListening 11. Unconscious motivation, unconscious conflict, the id, the ego, the superego, etc.2. 1) T 2) F 3) F 4) F 5) T 6) F 7) T 8) F3. Idea One: The existence of an unconscious motivationIdea Two: The notion of unconscious dynamics or conflictsecond, the concept of unconscious conflict. Freud believes that unconscious motivation might play an important role in a lot of situations, such as marriage, forgetting a person’s name, calling out the wrong name etc. In his view, there are three processes going on in the head, namely, id, ego and superego, which are in violent internal conflict. Id functions on “the Pleasure Principle”, while ego works on “the Reality Principle” and superego is the internalized rules of a society. Ego is in between id and superego.Task 3 Reading Classification ArticlesReading 2 Renewable Energy Sources—A Brief Summary1. 1) Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind,rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are renewable (naturally replenished).2)□√The purpose of using renewable energy sources.□√The classification of renewable energy sources.□√The examples of different types of renewable energy sources.□√The advantages and disadvantages of various types of renewable energy sources.□√The history of the use of different energy sources.□How energy is obtained from various sources.3) I would write:(1) The definition of the renewable energy.(2) The classification of the renewable energy.(3) The advantages and the disadvantages of various types of renewable energy sources. 2. 1) The signing of the Kyoto Treaty.2) It converts the sun’s rays into energy.3) The main demerit is that it is limited.4) Sailors, farmers and architects.5) The main advantage is that this doesn’t produce any by-products that can be harmful to theenvironment.6) Because the Earth’s crust continuously decays, replenishing the heat.7) They use the force of the water to push the turbine which in turn powers a generator thusgenerating electricity.8) It poses a problem for fish and aquatic plants on both sides of the dam.9) They contain no petroleum, and they are nontoxic and biodegradable.10) The Environmental Protection Agency.3. 1) j. evolution 2) s. solar 3) a. architect 4) l. geothermal 5) p. preserve6) b. biodegradable 7) r. radioactive 8) f. crusade 9) h. distribute 10) q. radiant11) i. domestic 12) t. validation 13) k. generator 14) d. capture 15) g. definitely16) n. install 17) e. consumption 18) m. harness 19) o. internal 20) c. bladeReading 3 Types of Pollution5. 1) voluntary 2) construction 3) contamination 4) eruption 5) regulation6) deforestation 7) yield 8) irrigation 9) confine 10) sewage11) hazardous 12) residential 13) vapor 14) decay 15) erosion16) disrupt 17) particulate 18) underground 19) concentration 20) combatadvancing constantly, thus enabling us to convert heat into electricity, which can be stored, ready for use.Task 4 Writing an Essay of ClassificationReading 4 Types of Sustainability5. 1) Declarative sentences are mostly employed in academic writing, despite the occasionalutilizations of interrogative sentences.2) To support the truths, reliable evidence is quoted by scholars in all disciplines.3) Much importance should be attached to the comprehension of the difference betweeneducation and training.4) A person who exposes himself to the sunlight for excessive time is susceptible to malignantmelanoma.5) Students doing temporary jobs display a better performance in their academic studies.6) American frontier is deeply rooted in many aspects of American character.7) The direct involvement of many a foreign country is evident in the process of US territorialexpansion.8) Parents need to equipped with much care and knowledge while raising a kid.9) Environment plays a vital role in the growth of plants.10) In the past, Beijing was ravaged by dust storms for 20 days annually.Integrated Exercises2. 1) motivation 2) demolish 3) symptom 4) combat 5) capture 6) distribute 7) assert 8) yield9) internal 10) emergence 11) adherence 12) disrupt3. 1) Internet access is av ailable in the students’ dormitory.2) If you can harness your energy, you’ll be rewarded with huge accomplishments.3) It has been confirmed that foul weather is highly hazardous for sea navigation.4) The governmental nuclear waste disposal plan aroused fierce protests from the localresidents.5) Extinction of this rare species of bird is foreseeable if effective measures are not taken.6) While delivering a public speech, a speaker must articulate his/her arguments.7) I highly esteem his current research on stem cells.8) A speaker cannot always secure the cooperation of the audience.9) The car industry of this country is sheltered by its government from foreign competition.10) Even a moderate elevation of blood pressure leads to shortened life expectancys.5. 1) The effective disposal of the recognized sources of pollution demonstrates to be of greataid in the elevation of people’s quality of life.2) Since the rapid evolution of technology, the lifestyles of the generations ahead of us willwitness a revolutionized change.3) Tapping heat from the Earth enables the residents of resource-poor regions to combat thepoor conditions.4) The downside of the practice of fertilizing the soil by burning straws is the fact that thereleased dusts and particles pose a serious problem for the health of the respiratory system.5) This campaign, organized by environmentally conscious individuals, has a measurableeffect on the general improv ement of all the people’s environmental protection awareness.6) The history of deforestation can date back to two millenniums ago, which has deterioratedconstantly in the modern times, leading to a huge loss of wildlife habitat.7) During the visit to Huangshan (Yellow Mountain), the tourists were amazed at how natureworks wonders, realizing that beauty is only sustainable if all of us care for the environment around us.8) Drug abuse is a general degradation of lifestyle, causing immediate health effects.9) Oil leakage in the mainstream river considerably decreases the quantity of drinkable water;what’s worse, the adverse effects are not confined to areas near the source.10) Luckily, the pollution inflicted by this accident will be effectively removed through naturalcycles, not having a negative impact on the environment.Listening 2A. (1) T (2) F (3) F (4) F (5) T (6) F (7) FB. (1) The individual’s potential and the importance of growth and self-actualization.(2) The lower one.(3) By providing lunch breaks, rest breaks and sufficient wages to purchase essentials.(4) The love and belonging needs.(5) They are self-aware, concerned with personal growth, less concerned with the opinions ofother people, and interested in fulfilling their potential.C. This lecture is about Maslow’s theory of the hierarchy of needs, namely physiological needs,safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. Physiological needs are the most basic and instinctive ones, which must be satisfied first. Safety needs refer to the needs for safety and security, also important for survival. Social needs include the needs for belonging, love and affection, the deprivation of which leads to unhappiness. Esteem needs reflect on personal worth, social recognition and accomplishment; if unmet, it may lead to inferiority complex. Self-actualization needs are at the highest level, meaning to realize a person’s full potential, capacities and talents.Listening 3A. (1) A (2) A (3) D (4) C (5) BB. classically, runny nose, sore throat, intrigued, initially, clinically, alludes to, building up,immune, alongside, shuffling, rip through, hospitalizationsC. (1) B C E(2) ①A B C ②A B ③A B ④A B ⑤A B C ⑥C ⑦A ⑧A ⑨A ⑩A CUnit 3 Comparison and ContrastKeys to the ExercisesTask 1 Familiarizing Yourself with Comparison and Contrast1. 1) Electric vehicles and gas vehicles.2) The energy they used, the distance, the cost and convenience.3) The electric vehicles and gas vehicles share some similarities: the appearance of musclecars, all the standard features and they even perform similarly. The differences are listedwriter structures his paragraph around points of comparison, moving back and forth between the subjects.5) The former one—list all similarities of the two subjects, then their differences.Reading 1 Electric Vehicles and Gas Vehicle2. What’s more, there is a health factor that affects both of them. Canned food loses some of theoriginal fresh food nutrients when stored, and also has to be tinned with many preservatives and chemical factors that prolong the shelf life and apparent freshness of the food but could become toxic if consumed too often. Fresh food, on the other hand, often comes straight froma farm and has all the nutrients Mother Nature intended for it. As we can see, fresh foodoffers many benefits that canned food lacks. Therefore, an informed diner should always choose to eat fresh. After all, we could all use to improve our health.Task 2 Understanding Lectures Through Comparison and ContrastListening 12. 1) T. What I’m just beginning to realize right now, is that we pay a huge price for the speedthat we claim is a big advantage of these computers.2) F. And they consume one and a half megawatts of power. So that would be really great, ifyou could add that to the production capacity in Tanzania. It would really boost the economy.3) F. Now, how much computation does the brain do? I estimate 10 to the 16 bits per second,which is actually about very similar to what Blue Gene do es. So that’s the question.4) T. So what we are doing right now with computers with the energy consumed by 1,200houses, the brain is doing with the energy consumed by your laptop.5) F. How does that compare with the way computers work? In the computer, you have all thedata going through the central processing unit, and any piece of data basically has to go through that bottleneck, whereas in the brain, what you have is these neurons.6) T. This is something that we’ve been working on for the last cou ple of years.3. 120,000 processors10 to the 16 bits per second1.5 megawatts10 quadrillion bits per second10 watts4. Although computers have strong power to process data, they still cannot compare to the brainof human beings in which an unbelievable number of neurons connect and react with each other so that a real net could be accomplished perfectly. The research on how the computer could be as powerful as a brain will continue going on.Task 3 Reading Comparison and Contrast Articles2. 1) Consumer perceptions of organic processes and products and those involvingbiotechnology.2) Health, environment, risk and ethics.3) No study has directly elicited comparable attitudes about organic and GM products andprocesses.4) The average participant slightly, but not strongly, agreed with the positively wordedhealth attributes (e.g., organic food is healthier), and disagreed with the negativelyworded health attributes (e.g., organic food is less healthy). The average response aboutthe healthfulness of GM foods was generally neutral.5) Both were thought to have higher levels of nutrients than traditional food.6) Generally, consumers perceive organic food production as environmentally friendly.7) Respondents perceived GM foods as possessing a higher level of risk than other classesof food.8) Social acceptability is one motive driving the purchase of organic food.9) Respondents did not have major ethical objections to GM food.10) Forty-five percent.Reading 2 Perceptions of Genetically Modified and Organic Foods and Processes3. 1) p. prevalent 2) a. perception 3) i. moderate 4) f. construct 5) q. advantageous 6) k. attribute7) c. organic 8) h. volume 9) l. nutrient 10) d. elicit 11) g. explicitly 12) b. warrant13) m. inherent 14) t. respondent 15) e. empirical 16) j. contradict 17) o. obesity18) n. cure 19) s. neutral 20) r. motiveReading 3 A Comparative Report of Organic Food vs. Genetically Modified Food5. 1) synthetic 2) manure 3) botanical 4) alter 5) regulation 6) compost 7) recommendation8) mineral 9) federal 10) potent 11) organism 12) network 13) transformation 14) normal\15) chemical 16) trace 17) negative 18) poll 19) facilities 20) modification7. 1) Para. A 2) E 3) F 4) E 5) Para. F 6) Para. I 7) Para. J 8) F8. My summary is: Fueled by health concerns, people have focused more on the origin of foodover the past decade; so to answer their questions, this report shows that organic foods are the best choice compared with genetically modified food.Task 4 Writing an Essay of Comparison and ContrastReading 4 Fast Food Restaurant: McDonald’s vs. Wendy’s1. B. W endy’s1) the Ultimate Chicken Grill2) small order of chiliMcDonald’s1) fruit yogurt parfait2) green apple slices (kid’s menu)3) healthier sandwich choices (such as McVeggie Burger, Chicken Fajitas, and WholeWheat Chicken McGrill)C. Presentat ion of food: At Wendy’s, not only are the meal options excellent, the presentationof healthy menu choices is superior.Wendy’s salads are large and fresh with only one hindrance: excess water at the bottom of the bowl.McDonald’s salads lack in appearance and freshness. These salads appear thrown together and often look wilted.D. Wendy’s:the first major fast food chain to offer fast food salad as a meal’s main course.McDonald’s: n ow also offers salads as a main course menu choice, in reaction to the popularity of Wendy’s salads.E. Meal variety, good presentation and several salad choices are all considered whenevaluating a fast food restaurant. With fast food restaurants such as Wendy’s and McDonald’s available, it is considerably easier for peop le to make healthier food choices.5. 1) None of his speech is imperfect in organization and wording.2) The manager will not miss the opportunity to accept the students’ proposals.3) Kevin did not deny he took risky bets and lied to cover them up but claimed his superiorswere not ignorant of his doing.4) It was told that their work needed to be improved as it wasn’t done well.5) It is not avoidable that the public won’t miss such scandals in the business world.6) Never will my parents be unready to help me out.7) Hardly did the idea of returning to his hometown stop recurring in his dreams.8) The islands failed to find that they were ready to fight against the outside intruders.9) It was not until failing to catch the last bus to the city late one night did Mike not knowwhat to do next.10) Never does he lose the optimistic confidence for life even though things don’t always gosmoothly.Integrated Exercise2. 1) accommodate 2) exhibition 3) consistent 4) negative 5) considerably 6) response7) version 8) regulation 9) capacity 10) alter 11) trace 12) involve3. 1) Older people are less likely to perceive situations negatively because they’re typicallymore tolerant.2) In most cases, the major reason for conducting an analysis, although not often explicitlystated, appears to be to justify taxpayer spending.3) The organization of the novel allowed readers to reconstruct the story by adding missingelements and arranging the sequence of the events.4) These skills are easy to learn and can add considerably to the overall enjoyment ofspending time out-of-doors.5) He was asked to refine his draft headline to make it clearer and more exact.6) It is inevitable that success in most work is evaluated by income.7) The rejection of the parents’ political and religious beliefs put their children in a difficultposition.8) It is well-known that the government will be consistent in its positions on civil rightslegislation.9) The public figures who are seeking to further their careers cannot make selections aboutthe publicity they desire.10) Considerable modification of the existing system is needed to increase efficiency.5. 1) An appropriate use of limited natural resources is advantageous for the Earth environmentwhere human beings live.2) The uncertainty over this region continues to grow; what is more unfortunate, people mayneed some time to adapt.3) Conventional notions holds that organic food is much healthier than genetically modifiedfood.4) The brand gown designed by Marina comes to accommodate the need for a number ofoccasions, including churches, dinners, business and other special occasions.5) There is a more prevalent concern that the shortage of this research is due to the overalllack of knowledge of AIDS groups and the difficulty of access to those groups.6) After being exposed to and weighing the information about those risks, US researcherssuggested that childhood obesity prevention should occur/happen as early as possible, as much as possible before birth.7) If this change is made, you are likely to run the risk of losing the audience and yourreputation.8) In the modern society, in rejection of the traditional stereotype that women need more careand tendance, many women assume/undertake the responsibility of raising a family.9) Since the 21st century, the short-term certificates are rapidly gaining popularity, especiallyfor non-white students.10) The research found that 75 percent of American teenagers always boast a healthyself-image.Listening 2A. (1) F (2) T (3) F (4) F (5) T (6) F (7) TB. (1) When the speaker was 15 years old, he first discovered the good waste problem.(2) He grabbed hold of it, sat down, and ate his breakfast with pigs.(3) It gave him faith that the people do have the power to stop this tragic waste of foodresources and bring about that change.(4) 40 to 60 percent.(5) The best thing is to feed pigs with food waste, and then their meat will be turned back intofood.(6) “Feeding the 5,000” is an event the au thor first organized in 2009. They fed 5,000 peopleall on food that otherwise would have been wasted.C. Food waste has always been a tragic result for both humans and the food. People discardsome food may be just because of its wrong size or shape. These foods include not only vegetables and fruits, but also some animal products. The waste food ends up in pigs’ stomachs or landf ill sites. The author has gone to many corners of the world to spread the belief that food should not be wasted, for the resources on the Earth are limited and people should learn to share and cherish them. Excessive food waste could lead to serious outcomes for the environment.Listening 3A. (1) A (2) B (3) D (4) C (5) DB. difference, farmers, life, grass, roll, volunteer, close, fresh, know, community, actually, goC. (1) D (2) EBCDAUnit 4 CAUSE AND EFFECTKeys to the ExercisesTask 1Reading 11. 1) For essential hypertension, there are age and race, diet and lifestyle, obesity, diabetes, stress; insufficient intake of potassium, calcium, and magnesium, lack of physical activity, and chronic alcohol consumption. For secondary hypertension, there are kidney diseases, tumors or other abnormalities.2) For essential hypertension, the supporting evidences are“high blood pressure tends to run in families and is more likely to affect men than women. Age and race also play a role. In the United States, blacks are twice as likely as whites to have high blood pressure, although the gap begins to narrow around age 44. After age 65, black women have the highest incidence of high blood pressure”; the link between salt and high blood pressure is especially compelling. For secondary hypertension, the supporting evidence is“hypertension can also be triggered by tumors or other abnormalities that cause the adrenal glands (small glands that sit atop the kidneys) to secrete excess amounts of the hormones that elevate blood pressure”.3) To organize supporting details, the following three sequences can be adopted: —Chronological order;—Order of importance;—Categorical order.4) The common transitional words and phrases are: because, contribute to, also, the underlying cause, other factors, and the known causes.。
学术英语阅读爱尔兰版课后答案unit3
学术英语阅读爱尔兰版课后答案unit31、--How is your friend coming?--I’m not sure. He _______ drive here. [单选题] *A. may(正确答案)B. canC. mustD. will2、Stephanie _______ going shopping to staying at home. [单选题] *A. prefers(正确答案)B. likesC. preferD. instead3、She returns home every year to _______ the Spring Festival. [单选题] *A. celebrate(正确答案)B. shareC. watchD. congratulate4、John had planned to leave, but he decided to stay in the hotel for（）two days because of the heavy rain. [单选题] *A. otherB. the otherC. another(正确答案)D. others5、The man called his professor for help because he couldn’t solve the problem by _______. [单选题] *A. herselfB. himself(正确答案)C. yourselfD. themselves6、1——May I help you? You seem to be having some problems.——_______ , thanks. Ithink I can manage. [单选题] *A. All rightB. No problemC. It’s all right(正确答案)D. There’s no way7、She _______ be here. [单选题] *A. is gladB. is so glad to(正确答案)C. am gladD. is to8、( ). The old man enjoys ______ stamps. And now he has1300 of them [单选题] *A. collectB. collectedC. collecting(正确答案)D. to collect9、Since we have _____ money left,we can't afford the expensive computer. [单选题] *A. a littleB. a fewC. little(正确答案)D. few10、_______, Mr. Smith. [单选题] *A. Here your tea isB. Here is your tea(正确答案)C. Here your tea areD. Here are your tea11、The more he tried to please her, _____she seemed to appreciate it. [单选题] *A.lessB.lesserC.the less(正确答案)D.the lesser12、I _______ no idea of where the zoo is. [单选题] *A. thinkB. getC. have(正确答案)D. take13、Wang Dong usually gets up at 6:00 _______ he can catch the early school bus. [单选题] *A. as ifB. so that(正确答案)C. untilD. after14、32．There are about __________ women doctors in this hospital. [单选题] *A．two hundred ofB．two hundreds ofC．two hundredsD．two hundred (正确答案)15、You should _______ your card. [单选题] *A. drawB. depositC. investD. insert(正确答案)16、—Can you play tennis? —______, but I’m good at football.（）[单选题] *A. Yes, I can(正确答案)B. Yes, I doC. No, I can’tD. No, I don’t17、______ my great joy, I met an old friend I haven' t seen for years ______ my way ______ town. [单选题] *A. To, in, forB. To, on, to(正确答案)C. With, in, toD. For, in, for18、—Excuse me, how long does it ______ to walk to the library? —About 15 minutes, I’m afraid.（）[单选题] *A. take(正确答案)B. spendC. costD. pay19、Lucy _______ at 7:00 every day. [单选题] *A. go to schoolB. goes to school(正确答案)C. to go to schoolD. went?to?school20、They returned successfully from ______ moon to _____ earth. [单选题] *A. /; /B. /; theC. the; the(正确答案)D. the; /21、We have _______ a double room with a bath for you in the hotel. [单选题] *A. boughtB. reserved(正确答案)C. madeD. taken22、I _______ Zhang Hua in the bookstore last Sunday. [单选题] *A. meetB. meetingC. meetedD. met(正确答案)23、The train is coming. Be ______! [单选题] *A. careful(正确答案)B. carefullyC. carelessD. care24、40．—________ apples do we need to make fruit salad?—Let me think…We need three apples. [单选题] *A．How longB．How oftenC．How muchD．How many(正确答案)25、Boys and girls, _______ up your hands if you want to take part in the summer camp(夏令营)．[单选题] *A. puttingB. to putC. put(正确答案)D. puts26、--Do you have a _______?--Yes, I _______ at a clothes store. [单选题] *A. work; workB. work; jobC. job; jobD. job; work(正确答案)27、He can’t meet his friends tonight because he _______ do homework. [单选题] *A. has to(正确答案)B. needC. have toD. don’t have to28、There may be something wrong with her _______. She can’t see things clearly. [单选题] *A. eyes(正确答案)B. earsC. mouthD. nose29、--What are you going to be in the future?--I want to be _______ actor. [单选题] *A. aB. an(正确答案)C. theD. /30、No writer will be considered（）of the name until he writes a work. [单选题] *A. worthlessB. worthy(正确答案)C. worthwhileD. worth。
新核心综合学术英语教程3unit1_6答案解析全
综合学术英语教程3 答案Unit 1 DefinitionKeys to the ExercisesTask 1 Familiarizing Yourself with DefinitionReading1 Great Leaps in Modern Technology2. Technology, on the other hand, is more of an applied science. It is where tools and knowledgeare used for the study of a particular science. For example, the science of energy can havetechnology as its application. In the case of energy as a subject in science, solar panels can beused for a variety of technologies, an example of which are solar-powered lights. From the following website:/science/difference-between-science-and-technol ogy/#ixzz37toZQcugTask 2 Understanding Lectures through DefinitionListening 11. phobia, hypnophobia, cynophobia, aerophobia2. 1) T 2) F 3) F 4) T 5) T 6) T 7) F 8) F3.1. 1) Indigenous knowledge means knowledge belonging to the country, rather thanbeingbrought there from another country.2) All the list items will probably be included since the title is rather broad and general.3) For open discussion2. 1) International knowledge system.2) Knowledge capital, physical and financial capital.3) It contains the skills, experiences and insights of people, applied to maintain or improve their4) Medicine and veterinary medicine.5) It is considered the social capital, meaning an essential resource for survival and means ofsustenance and livelihood.6) a) It is inappropriate for new challenges or it adapts too slowly; b) The introduction offoreign technologies or development concepts that promise short-term gains or solutions toproblems that they cannot sustain.7) Agriculture, animal husbandry and ethnic veterinary medicine, primary health care,preventive medicine and psychosocial care, saving and lending.8) A higher variance of traits, less susceptible to the frequent droughts, reduce risks.9) a) Indigenous knowledge is vital for its bearers; b) Become fully aware of its value andcontributions to the intended objectives; c) It is an integral part of global knowledge in itsown right.10) An integration or combination of indigenous knowledge and foreign knowledge. Reading 2 Indigenous Knowledge3. 1) r. override 2) j. expertise 3) d. intimate 4) a. unanimous 5) g. intrusion6) u. dissemination 7) c. insights 8) l. susceptible 9) n. incorporating 10)f. vanish11) m. interaction 12) s. scenario 13) i. detrimental 14) p. implement 15) k. alleviation16) b. encompass 17) o. validate 18) h. impending 19) e. interweave 20) t. rational4. For reference:The two articles both employ definitions for the introduction of the terms and examples tovalidate each facet. Both use classifications, descriptions, comparison and contrast for furtheranalysis. One big difference lies in the perspective to view the title, with the first a ratherholistic discussion ranging from the status quo to the settlement of the existing problems andthe second a partial focus on chiefly its applications.Reading 3 Ultrasonics5. 1) component 2) accumulate 3) spherical 4) navigate 5) fatigue6) harness 7) version 8) synonymous 9) inhibit 10) integrity11) uniform 12) detect 13) incidence 14) monitor 15) probe16) intensity 17) convert 18) proceed 19) visualize 20) inspect6. Attention: there is a mistake here, the first should be Para. KPara. K—e Para. B—a Para. C—c Para. D—f Para. E—hPara. F—d Para. G—j Para. H—i Para. I—b Para. J—g7. 1) E 2) F 3) Para. E 4) E 5) F 6) Para. H 7) Para. H 8) E8. For open discussionTask 4 Writing an Essay of DefinitionReading 4 Disruptive Technologies1.1) Natural breathing will be provided by the robot for the patient during surgery.2) The pressure will have to be reduced by us.3) All instruments need to be sterilized.4) For us, some physical and technical factors may be considered/ taken into consideration.5) If we make sustained efforts, there is a chance that the environment will be improved.6) Some specific demands of the scientific establishment have to be made.7) The presence of the country has been felt more than ever by the whole world.8) It seems that other explanations are hard to be found.9) The interaction between organism and environment is being perceived.10) The tests work most effectively if what will be measured can be most precisely defined.Integrated Exercises2. 1) component 2) integrity 3) mobilize 4) option 5) monitor 6) navigate 7) encompass8) compromise 9) incorporate 10) implement 11) impending 12) scenario3. 1) The survey encompasses social, political, and economic aspects of the situation.2) In some countries power is synonymous with corruption.3) The strike shut down many airports, but international f lights were unaffected.4) The scenery is beautiful but inaccessible to most ordinary travelers.5) The conflict deprived him of the means of livelihood.6) Such animals can withstand the extremes of weather.7) The rise in the time spent on the Internet is concomitant with the massive loss ofsociability.8) Many inventions such as gunpowder and the compass originated in China.9) The frequency of mining accidents has decreased over the past 10 years.10) The maximum number of places offered by the medical school for the applicants is 15.5. 1) Scientists should warn people about PM 2.5 and the need to restrict their children’soutdoor activities to avoid even the minimal damage.2) The local government has implemented a development program for the mountain climbersto leave the surrounding region unaffected.3) We can reduce the risks to zero since we are sure of what risks they are running.4) To combat your anxiety, you should compel yourself to visualize a promisingfuture in which a problem has already been settled.5) He holds that developed countries should be held accountable for economicgrowth on a global scale.6) Trash is not yet fully utilized, leading to overlooking the potential in it.7) A large number of females choose the option of personal finance to achievecontrol of their own lives.8)The university has decided to invest in the project because it has manytechnical advantages over other similar ones.9) Trees can provide shelter for both man and animals, which we tend to overlook.10) We are trying to achieve a sound understanding of liberal arts courses, whichencompasses a wide range of subjects.Listening 2A. (1) F (2) T (3) T (4) F (5) T (6) T (7) TB. (1) Clouding computing is about the provision of computer resources like SaaS,PaaS, and infrastructure provision while private computing isn’t.(2) 67.(3) Because the Industrial Revolution is not a thing, and it cannot be definedby some specific products. It is a transformation or a transition involving concepts, ideas, ways of production, changing attitudes, etc.(4) Because it is more than just technology, as the speaker further comparesit to electricity, which has transformed from an innovation to much more ofa utility service.(5) Ubiquitous.Listening 3A. (1) C (2) B (3) A (4) C (5) DB. compressed, whisper, external, pockets, panic, assembly, psychological,reflection, simultaneous, architecture, figure out, legitimate, instantaneous, clicking, addictedC. (1) B, C (2) CUnit 2 ClassificationKeys to the ExercisesTask 1 Familiarizing Yourself with Classification1. 1) Man-made or anthropogenic causes, and natural causes.2) Pollution (burning fossil fuels, mining coal and oil, etc.), the productionof CO2 ( the increase of population, the demolition of trees, etc.).3) CO2 is a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the Earth’s atmosphere.4) Classification helps us to determine and understand the relationship of theparts of a subject which is studied by us. Classification is made on the basis of a clear definition.5) In order to make a clear and logic classification, one needs to follow aprinciple of classification and go on with a system consistently. For example, the categories of classification should be mutually exclusive and no overlapping is allowed.Reading 1 Causes for Global Warming2. Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel resource. It provides about one-quarterof the total energy the world uses, and 40 percent of the electricity generated worldwide is powered by coal. The steel industry also is greatly dependent upon this fossil fuel. Like other depleting sources of global energy, coal reserves are also on a steep decline. Moreover, coal is a greenhouse gas nightmare.Natural gas is comprised mostly of methane, although it also contains ethane, propane and butane. It is a convenient and efficient energy source. The major consumers of natural gas are the residential, commercial and industrial sectors.It is also used to generate electricity. Unlike other fossil fuels, natural gas is cleaner and causes less pollution. Like other fossil fuels, this resource is depleting rapidly.Task 2 Understanding Lectures through ClassificationListening 11. Unconscious motivation, unconscious conflict, the id, the ego, the superego, etc.2. 1) T 2) F 3) F 4) F 5) T 6) F 7) T 8) F3. Idea One: The existence of an unconscious motivationIdea Two: The notion of unconscious dynamics or conflictunconscious motivation; second, the concept of unconscious conflict. Freud believes that unconscious motivation might play an important role in a lot of situations, such as marriage, forgetting a person’s name, calling out the wrong name etc. In his view, there are three processes going on in the head, namely, id, ego and superego, which are in violent internal conflict. Id functions on “the Pleasure Principle”, while ego works on “the Reality Principle” and superego is the internalized rules of a society. Ego is in between id and superego. Task 3 Reading Classification ArticlesReading 2 Renewable Energy Sources—A Brief Summary1. 1) Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources such assunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are renewable (naturally replenished).2)□√ The purpose of using renewable energy sources.□√ The classification of renewable energy sources.□√ The examples of different types of renewable energy sources.□√ The advantages and disadvantages of various types of renewable energy sources.□√ The history of the use of different energy sources.□ How energy is obtained from various sources.3) I would write:(1) The definition of the renewable energy.(2) The classification of the renewable energy.(3) The advantages and the disadvantages of various types of renewable energy sources.2. 1) The signing of the Kyoto Treaty.2) It converts the sun’s rays into energy.3) The main demerit is that it is limited.4) Sailors, farmers and architects.5) The main advantage is that this doesn’t produce any by-products that canbe harmful to the environment.6) Because the Earth’s crust continuously decays, replenishing the heat.7) They use the force of the water to push the turbine which in turn powers agenerator thus generating electricity.8) It poses a problem for fish and aquatic plants on both sides of the dam.9) They contain no petroleum, and they are nontoxic and biodegradable.10) The Environmental Protection Agency.3. 1) j. evolution 2) s. solar 3) a. architect 4) l. geothermal 5) p. preserve6) b. biodegradable 7) r. radioactive 8) f. crusade 9) h. distribute 10) q. radiant11) i. domestic 12) t. validation 13) k. generator 14) d. capture 15) g. definitely16) n. install 17) e. consumption 18) m. harness 19) o. internal 20) c. blade Reading 3 Types of Pollution5. 1) voluntary 2) construction 3) contamination 4) eruption 5) regulation6) deforestation 7) yield 8) irrigation 9) confine 10) sewage11) hazardous 12) residential 13) vapor 14) decay 15) erosion16) disrupt 17) particulate 18) underground 19) concentration 20) combat 6.has been advancing constantly, thus enabling us to convert heat into electricity, which can be stored, ready for use.Task 4 Writing an Essay of ClassificationReading 4 Types of Sustainability1.5. 1) Declarative sentences are mostly employed in academic writing, despite theoccasional utilizations of interrogative sentences.2) To support the truths, reliable evidence is quoted by scholars in all disciplines.3) Much importance should be attached to the comprehension of the differencebetween education and training.4) A person who exposes himself to the sunlight for excessive time is susceptibleto malignant melanoma.5) Students doing temporary jobs display a better performance in their academic studies.6) American frontier is deeply rooted in many aspects of American character.7) The direct involvement of many a foreign country is evident in the process ofUS territorial expansion.8) Parents need to equipped with much care and knowledge while raising a kid.9) Environment plays a vital role in the growth of plants.10) In the past, Beijing was ravaged by dust storms for 20 days annually. Integrated Exercises2. 1) motivation 2) demolish 3) symptom 4) combat 5) capture 6) distribute 7) assert8) yield9) internal 10) emergence 11) adherence 12) disrupt3. 1) Internet access is av ailable in the students’ dormitory.2) If you can harness your energy, you’ll be rewarded with huge accomplishments.3) It has been confirmed that foul weather is highly hazardous for seanavigation.4) The governmental nuclear waste disposal plan aroused fierce protests fromthe local residents.5) Extinction of this rare species of bird is foreseeable if effective measures are not taken.6) While delivering a public speech, a speaker must articulate his/her arguments.7) I highly esteem his current research on stem cells.8) A speaker cannot always secure the cooperation of the audience.9) The car industry of this country is sheltered by its government from foreign competition.10) Even a moderate elevation of blood pressure leads to shortened life expectancys.5. 1) The effective disposal of the recognized sources of pollution demonstratesto be of great aid in the elevation of people’s quality of life.2) Since the rapid evolution of technology, the lifestyles of the generationsahead of us will witness a revolutionized change.3) Tapping heat from the Earth enables the residents of resource-poor regionsto combat the poor conditions.4) The downside of the practice of fertilizing the soil by burning straws isthe fact that the released dusts and particles pose a serious problem for the health of the respiratory system.5) This campaign, organized by environmentally conscious individuals, has ameasurable effect on the general improv ement of all the people’s environmental protection awareness.6) The history of deforestation can date back to two millenniums ago, which hasdeteriorated constantly in the modern times, leading to a huge loss of wildlife habitat.7) During the visit to Huangshan (Yellow Mountain), the tourists were amazedat how nature works wonders, realizing that beauty is only sustainable if all of us care for the environment around us.8) Drug abuse is a general degradation of lifestyle, causing immediate health effects.9) Oil leakage in the mainstream river considerably decreases the quantity ofdrinkable water; what’s worse, the adverse effects are not confined to areas near the source.10) Luckily, the pollution inflicted by this accident will be effectively removedthrough natural cycles, not having a negative impact on the environment. Listening 2A. (1) T (2) F (3) F (4) F (5) T (6) F (7) FB. (1) The individual’s potential and the importance of growth and self-actualization.(2) The lower one.(3) By providing lunch breaks, rest breaks and sufficient wages to purchaseessentials.(4) The love and belonging needs.(5) They are self-aware, concerned with personal growth, less concerned withthe opinions of other people, and interested in fulfilling their potential.C. This lecture is about Maslow’s theory of the hierarchy of needs, namelyphysiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. Physiological needs are the most basic and instinctive ones, which must be satisfied first. Safety needs refer to the needs for safety and security, also important for survival. Social needs include the needs for belonging, love and affection, the deprivation of which leads to unhappiness. Esteem needs reflect on personal worth, social recognition and accomplishment; if unmet, it may lead to inferiority complex.Self-actualization needs are at the highest level, meaning to realize a person’s full potential, capacities and talents.Listening 3A. (1) A (2) A (3) D (4) C (5) BB. classically, runny nose, sore throat, intrigued, initially, clinically,alludes to, building up, immune, alongside, shuffling, rip through, hospitalizationsC. (1) B C E(2) ① A B C ② A B ③ A B ④ A B ⑤ A B C ⑥ C ⑦ A ⑧ A ⑨ A ⑩ A CUnit 3 Comparison and ContrastKeys to the ExercisesTask 1 Familiarizing Yourself with Comparison and Contrast1. 1) Electric vehicles and gas vehicles.2) The energy they used, the distance, the cost and convenience.3) The electric vehicles and gas vehicles share some similarities: theappearance of muscle cars, all the standard features and they even perform similarly. The differences are listed below:pattern, the writer structures his paragraph around points of comparison, moving back and forth between the subjects.5) The former one—list all similarities of the two subjects, then their differences.Reading 1 Electric Vehicles and Gas Vehicle2. What’s more, there is a health factor that affects both of them. Canned foodloses some of the original fresh food nutrients when stored, and also has to be tinned with many preservatives and chemical factors that prolong the shelf life and apparent freshness of the food but could become toxic if consumed too often. Fresh food, on the other hand, often comes straight from a farm and has all the nutrients Mother Nature intended for it. As we can see, fresh food offers many benefits that canned food lacks. Therefore, an informed diner should always choose to eat fresh. After all, we could all use to improve our health. Task 2 Understanding Lectures Through Comparison and ContrastListening 12. 1) T. What I’m just beginning to realize right now, is that we pay a huge pricefor the speed that we claim is a big advantage of these computers.2) F. And they consume one and a half megawatts of power. So that would be reallygreat, if you could add that to the production capacity in Tanzania. It would really boost the economy.3) F. Now, how much computation does the brain do? I estimate 10 to the 16 bitsper second, which is actually about very similar to what Blue Gene does. So that’s the question.4) T. So what we are doing right now with computers with the energy consumedby 1,200 houses, the brain is doing with the energy consumed by your laptop.5) F. How does that compare with the way computers work? In the computer, youhave all the data going through the central processing unit, and any piece of data basically has to go through that bottleneck, whereas in the brain, what you have is these neurons.6) T. This is something that we’ve been working on for the last couple of years.3. 120,000 processors10 to the 16 bits per second1.5 megawatts10 quadrillion bits per second10 watts4. Although computers have strong power to process data, they still cannot compareto the brain of human beings in which an unbelievable number of neurons connect and react with each other so that a real net could be accomplished perfectly.The research on how the computer could be as powerful as a brain will continue going on.Task 3 Reading Comparison and Contrast Articles2. 1) Consumer perceptions of organic processes and products and those involvingbiotechnology.2) Health, environment, risk and ethics.3) No study has directly elicited comparable attitudes about organic and GMproducts and processes.4) The average participant slightly, but not strongly, agreed with thepositively worded health attributes (e.g., organic food is healthier), anddisagreed with the negatively worded health attributes (e.g., organic foodis less healthy). The average response about the healthfulness of GM foodswas generally neutral.5) Both were thought to have higher levels of nutrients than traditional food.6) Generally, consumers perceive organic food production as environmentally friendly.7) Respondents perceived GM foods as possessing a higher level of risk thanother classes of food.8) Social acceptability is one motive driving the purchase of organic food.9) Respondents did not have major ethical objections to GM food.10) Forty-five percent.Reading 2 Perceptions of Genetically Modified and Organic Foods and Processes 3. 1) p. prevalent 2) a. perception 3) i. moderate 4) f. construct 5) q.advantageous 6) k. attribute 7) c. organic 8) h. volume 9) l. nutrient 10) d.elicit 11) g. explicitly 12) b. warrant13) m. inherent 14) t. respondent 15) e. empirical 16) j. contradict 17) o.obesity18) n. cure 19) s. neutral 20) r. motiveReading 3 A Comparative Report of Organic Food vs. Genetically Modified Food 5. 1) synthetic 2) manure 3) botanical 4) alter 5) regulation 6) compost 7)recommendation8) mineral 9) federal 10) potent 11) organism 12) network 13) transformation14) normal\15) chemical 16) trace 17) negative 18) poll 19) facilities 20) modification 6.7. 1) Para. A 2) E 3) F 4) E 5) Para. F 6) Para. I 7) Para. J 8) F8. My summary is: Fueled by health concerns, people have focused more on the originof food over the past decade; so to answer their questions, this report shows that organic foods are the best choice compared with genetically modified food. Task 4 Writing an Essay of Comparison and ContrastReading 4 Fast Food Restaurant: McDonald’s vs. Wendy’s1. B. Wendy’s1) the Ultimate Chicken Grill2) small order of chiliMcDonald’s1) fruit yogurt parfait2) green apple slices (kid’s menu)3) healthier sandwich choices (such as McVeggie Burger, Chicken Fajitas, andWhole Wheat Chicken McGrill)C. Presentation of food: At Wendy’s, not only are the meal options excellent,the presentation of healthy menu choices is superior.Wendy’s salads are large and fresh with only one hindrance: excess water at the bottom of the bowl.McDonald’s salads lack in appearance and freshness. These salads appear thrown together and often look wilted.D. Wendy’s:the first major fast food chain to offer fast food salad as a meal’s main course.McDonald’s: n ow also offers salads as a main course menu choice, in reaction to the popularity of Wendy’s salads.E. Meal variety, good presentation and several salad choices are all consideredwhen evaluating a fast food restaurant. With fast food restaurants such as Wend y’s and McDonald’s available, it is considerably easier for people to make healthier food choices.5. 1) None of his speech is imperfect in organization and wording.2) The manager will not miss the opportunity to accept the students’ proposals.3) Kevin did not deny he took risky bets and lied to cover them up but claimedhis superiors were not ignorant of his doing.4) It was told that their work needed to be improved as it wasn’t done well.5) It is not avoidable that the public won’t miss such scan dals in the business world.6) Never will my parents be unready to help me out.7) Hardly did the idea of returning to his hometown stop recurring in his dreams.8) The islands failed to find that they were ready to fight against the outside intruders.9) It was not until failing to catch the last bus to the city late one nightdid Mike not know what to do next.10) Never does he lose the optimistic confidence for life even though thingsdon’t always go smoothly.Integrated Exercise2. 1) accommodate 2) exhibition 3) consistent 4) negative 5) considerably 6) response7) version 8) regulation 9) capacity 10) alter 11) trace 12) involve3. 1) Older people are less likely to perceive situations negatively becausethey’re typically more tolerant.2) In most cases, the major reason for conducting an analysis, although not oftenexplicitly stated, appears to be to justify taxpayer spending.3) The organization of the novel allowed readers to reconstruct the story byadding missing elements and arranging the sequence of the events.4) These skills are easy to learn and can add considerably to the overallenjoyment of spending time out-of-doors.5) He was asked to refine his draft headline to make it clearer and more exact.6) It is inevitable that success in most work is evaluated by income.7) The rejection of the parents’ political and religious beliefs put theirchildren in a difficult position.8) It is well-known that the government will be consistent in its positions oncivil rights legislation.9) The public figures who are seeking to further their careers cannot makeselections about the publicity they desire.10) Considerable modification of the existing system is needed to increase efficiency.5. 1) An appropriate use of limited natural resources is advantageous for the Earthenvironment where human beings live.2) The uncertainty over this region continues to grow; what is more unfortunate,people may need some time to adapt.3) Conventional notions holds that organic food is much healthier thangenetically modified food.4) The brand gown designed by Marina comes to accommodate the need for a numberof occasions, including churches, dinners, business and other special occasions.5) There is a more prevalent concern that the shortage of this research is dueto the overall lack of knowledge of AIDS groups and the difficulty of access to those groups.6) After being exposed to and weighing the information about those risks, USresearchers suggested that childhood obesity prevention should occur/happen as early as possible, as much as possible before birth.7) If this change is made, you are likely to run the risk of losing the audienceand your reputation.8) In the modern society, in rejection of the traditional stereotype that womenneed more care and tendance, many women assume/undertake the responsibility of raising a family.9) Since the 21st century, the short-term certificates are rapidly gainingpopularity, especially for non-white students.10) The research found that 75 percent of American teenagers always boast ahealthy self-image.Listening 2A. (1) F (2) T (3) F (4) F (5) T (6) F (7) TB. (1) When the speaker was 15 years old, he first discovered the good waste problem.(2) He grabbed hold of it, sat down, and ate his breakfast with pigs.(3) It gave him faith that the people do have the power to stop this tragic wasteof food resources and bring about that change.(4) 40 to 60 percent.(5) The best thing is to feed pigs with food waste, and then their meat will be turned back intofood.(6) “Feeding the 5,000” is an event the author first organized in 2009. Theyfed 5,000 people all on food that otherwise would have been wasted.C. Food waste has always been a tragic result for both humans and the food. Peoplediscard some food may be just because of its wrong size or shape. These foods include not only vegetables and fruits, but also some animal products. The waste food ends up in pigs’ stomachs or landf ill sites. The author has gone to many corners of the world to spread the belief that food should not be wasted, for the resources on the Earth are limited and people should learn to share and cherish them. Excessive food waste could lead to serious outcomes for the environment.Listening 3A. (1) A (2) B (3) D (4) C (5) DB. difference, farmers, life, grass, roll, volunteer, close, fresh, know, community, actually, goC. (1) D (2) EBCDAUnit 4 CAUSE AND EFFECTKeys to the ExercisesTask 1Reading 11. 1) For essential hypertension, there are age and race, diet and lifestyle, obesity, diabetes, stress; insufficient intake of potassium, calcium, and magnesium, lack of physical activity, and chronic alcohol consumption. For secondary hypertension, there are kidney diseases, tumors or other abnormalities.2) For essential hypertension, the supporting evidences are“high blood pressure tends to run in families and is more likely to affect men than women. Age and race also play a role. In the United States, blacks are twice as likely as whites to have high blood pressure, although the gap begins to narrow around age 44. After age 65, black women have the highest incidence of high blood pressure”; the link between salt and high blood pressure is especially compelling. For secondary hypertension, the supporting evidence is“hypertension can also be triggered by tumors or other abnormalities that cause the adrenal glands (small glands that sit atop the kidneys) to secrete excess amounts of the hormones that elevate blood pressure”.。
学术英语综合unit3business ethics答案
学术英语综合unit3business ethics答案1、I saw the boy _______?the classroom. [单选题] *A. enter intoB. enter(正确答案)C. to enter intoD. to enter2、It is my _______ to meet you here. [单选题] *A. pleasure(正确答案)B. pleaseC. pleasedD. pleasant3、83．The school is? ? ? ? ? ? ?the hospital. [单选题] *A．withB．intoC．ontoD．opposite(正确答案)4、7．—________ is the Shanghai Wild Animal Park?—It’s 15km east of the Bund. [单选题] *A．WhoB．WhatC．WhenD．Where (正确答案)5、I have worked all day. I'm so tired that I need _____ . [单选题] *A. a night restB. rest of nightC. a night's rest(正确答案)D. a rest of night6、Reading（）the lines, I dare say that the government are more worried than they admitted. [单选题] *A. behindB. between(正确答案)C. alongD. among7、46．The pants look cool.You can ________. [单选题] *A．try it onB．try on itC．try them on(正确答案)D．try on them8、They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers. [单选题]*A. droveB. would driveC. were to driveD. had driven(正确答案)9、They all choose me ______ our class monitor.（）[单选题] *A. as(正确答案)B. inC. withD. on10、How I wish I（）to repair the watch! I only made it worse. [单选题] *A. had triedB. hadn't tried(正确答案)C. have triedD.didn't try11、--All of you have passed the test!--_______ pleasant news you have told us! [单选题] *A. HowB. How aC. What(正确答案)D. What a12、_______ is on September the tenth. [单选题] *A. Children’s DayB. Teachers’Day(正确答案)C. Women’s DayD. Mother’s Day13、79．On a ________ day you can see the city from here. [单选题] *A．warmB．busyC．shortD．clear(正确答案)14、The Titanic is a nice film. I _______ it twice. [单选题] *A. sawB. seeC. have seen(正确答案)D. have saw15、The street was named _____ George Washington who led the American war for independence. [单选题] *A. fromB. withC. asD. after(正确答案)16、There _______ some milk in the glass. [单选题] *A. is(正确答案)B. areC. haveD. has17、--_______ I borrow these magazines?--Sorry, only the magazines over there can be borrowed. [单选题] *A. MustB. WouldC. May(正确答案)D. Need18、Just use this room for the time being ,and we’ll offer you a larger one _______it becomes available [单选题] *A. as soon as(正确答案)B unless .C as far asD until19、He studied harder to _______ his reading skills. [单选题] *A. improve(正确答案)B. rememberC. memorizeD. forget20、68．—How ________ apples do you want?—I want two kilos. How ________ are they?—They are 5 yuan. [单选题] *A．much; manyB．many; much(正确答案)C．many; manyD．much; much21、21 In a few years' time, there ________ thousands of trees on the hill. [单选题] *A．will haveB．will be(正确答案)C．are haveD．have22、John had planned to leave but he decided to stay in the hotel for _____ two days because of the heavy rain. [单选题] *A. otherB. another(正确答案)C. the otherD. others23、We moved to the front row_____we could hear and see better. [单选题] *A. so asB. so that(正确答案)C. becauseD. such that24、1——May I help you? You seem to be having some problems.——_______ , thanks. Ithink I can manage. [单选题] *A. All rightB. No problemC. It’s all right(正确答案)D. There’s no way25、She is a girl, _______ name is Lily. [单选题] *A. whose(正确答案)B. whoC. whichD. that26、She passed me in the street, but took no（）of me. [单选题] *Attention (正确答案)B. watchC. careD. notice27、Don’t read in bed. It’s _______ your eyes. [单选题] *A. good atB. good forC. bad atD. bad for(正确答案)28、The office building will be _______ a library. [单选题] *A. turned onB. turned upC. turned into(正确答案)D. turned off29、_____ rooms are both large and comfortable. [单选题] *A. Jack's and Jane's(正确答案)B. Jack and Jane'sC. Jack's and JaneD.Jack and Jane30、It seems slow for children to become _____ ,while adults often feel time flies. [单选题] *A. growns-upsB. growns-upC. grown upsD. grown-ups(正确答案)。
学术英语(教师资料)_Unit3
c. if, unless, assuming that d. as a result, so e. for instance, in particular f. one feature is g. due to, owing h. additionally, furthermore i. however, nevertheless
Unit 3 Listening to Lectures
3 Understanding the ideas through examples
• Unlike an academic essay, a speaker tends to fill their lectures with examples, personal experience and anecdotes, the purpose of which is to illustrate a difficult idea or an abstract theory and to make his talk more vivid, attractive and easy to follow. Hence it is important to take an example or anecdote seriously and ask what's the point of the example when you hear it. You may especially pay attention to the signal words like for example, for instance, the followin,,g example (story/incident) illustrates/demonstrates such as, as in the case of, a good case in point, because before or after telling a story or an example, there is always a key sentence which
学术英语理工详解答案Unit3
第11页/共53页
Unit 3 Listening to Lectures
1 Preparing for listening to a lecture
4 What are the potential effects of global warming?
The effects of global warming may be physical, ecological, social or economic. Evidence of observed climate change includes the instrumental temperature record, an increase of extreme weather events (such as hurricanes, earthquakes, volcanoes, and landslides), rising sea levels, decreased snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere, mass animal extinctions and human migrations.
Unit 3 Listening to Lectures
Unit Contents
1 Preparing for listening to a lecture 2 Paying attention to the introduction 3 Understanding the ideas through examples 4 Following a lecture through signal words 5 Memorizing the points by taking notes
1 What are the definitions of the following terms?
研究生学术英语答案Unit 3
Introduction to Drama Films (1)
Unit 3 The Shawshank Redemption
Section A Focused Activities Part 1 Lead-in
Part 2 Watching & Listening
Part 3 Fun Time
Section A
Section A
Nominated
Part 1 Lead-in
• Oscar: Best Actor, Best Cinematography, Best Film Editing Best Music, Best Picture, Best Sound, Best Writing • Saturn Award: Best Action/Adventure/Thriller Film Best Writing • Golden Globe: Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture • Grammy: Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television
1. What does Andy look like during his first month in prison? A) Angry and irritable. B) Confused. C) Kind and warm-hearted. D) Silent and lost. 2. What does Andy ask Red for? A) A toothbrush. B) A rock-hamme C) A pickax. D) Shoelaces.
新核心综合学术英语教程3unit1-6答案全之欧阳史创编
综合学术英语教程3 答案Unit 1 DefinitionKeys to the ExercisesTask 1 Familiarizing Yourself with Definition Reading1 Great Leaps in Modern Technology2. Technology, on the other hand, is more of an applied science. It is where tools and knowledgeare used for the study of a particular science. For example, the science of energy can havetechnology as its application. In the case of energy as a subject in science, solar panels can be used for a variety of technologies, an example of which are solar-powered lights.From the following website:/science/difference -between-science-and-technology/#ixzz37toZQcugTask 2 Understanding Lectures through Definition Listening 11. phobia, hypnophobia, cynophobia, aerophobia2. 1) T 2) F 3) F 4) T 5) T 6) T 7) F 8) F1. 1) Indigenous knowledge means knowledge belonging to the country, rather than beingbrought there from another country.2) All the list items will probably be included since the title is rather broad and general.3) For open discussion2. 1) International knowledge system.2) Knowledge capital, physical and financial capital.3) It contains the skills, experiences and insights of people, applied to maintain or improve their4) Medicine and veterinary medicine.5) It is considered the social capital, meaning an essential resource for survival and means of sustenance and livelihood.6) a) It is inappropriate for new challenges or it adapts too slowly; b) The introduction offoreign technologies or development concepts that promise short-term gains or solutions toproblems that they cannot sustain.7) Agriculture, animal husbandry and ethnic veterinary medicine, primary health care, preventive medicine and psychosocial care, saving and lending.8) A higher variance of traits, less susceptible to the frequent droughts, reduce risks.9) a) Indigenous knowledge is vital for its bearers;b) Become fully aware of its value andcontributions to the intended objectives; c) It isan integral part of global knowledge in itsown right.10) An integration or combination of indigenous knowledge and foreign knowledge.Reading 2 Indigenous Knowledge3. 1) r. override 2) j. expertise 3) d. intimate 4)a. unanimous 5) g. intrusion6) u. dissemination 7) c. insights 8) l. susceptible 9) n. incorporating 10) f. vanish11) m. interaction 12) s. scenario 13) i. detrimental 14) p. implement 15) k. alleviation16) b. encompass 17) o. validate 18) h. impending 19) e. interweave 20) t. rational4. For reference:The two articles both employ definitions for the introduction of the terms and examples tovalidate each facet. Both use classifications, descriptions, comparison and contrast for further analysis. One big difference lies in the perspective to view the title, with the first a ratherholistic discussion ranging from the status quo to the settlement of the existing problems andthe second a partial focus on chiefly its applications.Reading 3 Ultrasonics5. 1) component 2) accumulate 3) spherical 4) navigate 5) fatigue6) harness 7) version 8) synonymous 9) inhibit 10) integrity11) uniform 12) detect 13) incidence 14) monitor 15) probe16) intensity 17) convert 18) proceed 19) visualize20) inspect6. Attention: there is a mistake here, the first should be Para. KPara. K—e Para. B—a Para. C—c Para. D—f Para. E—h Para. F—d Para. G—j Para. H—i Para. I—b Para. J—g 7. 1) E 2) F 3) Para. E 4) E 5) F 6) Para. H 7) Para. H 8) E8. For open discussionTask 4 Writing an Essay of DefinitionReading 4 Disruptive Technologies1.1) Natural breathing will be provided by the robot for the patient during surgery.2) The pressure will have to be reduced by us.3) All instruments need to be sterilized.4) For us, some physical and technical factors may be considered/ taken into consideration.5) If we make sustained efforts, there is a chance that the environment will be improved.6) Some specific demands of the scientific establishment have to be made.7) The presence of the country has been felt more than ever by the whole world.8) It seems that other explanations are hard to be found.9) The interaction between organism and environment is being perceived.10) The tests work most effectively if what will be measured can be most precisely defined.Integrated Exercises2. 1) component 2) integrity 3) mobilize 4) option 5) monitor 6) navigate 7) encompass8) compromise 9) incorporate 10) implement 11) impending 12) scenario3. 1) The survey encompasses social, political, and economic aspects of the situation.2) In some countries power is synonymous with corruption.3) The strike shut down many airports, but international f lights were unaffected.4) The scenery is beautiful but inaccessible to most ordinary travelers.5) The conflict deprived him of the means of livelihood.6) Such animals can withstand the extremes of weather.7) The rise in the time spent on the Internet is concomitant with the massive loss ofsociability.8) Many inventions such as gunpowder and the compass originated in China.9) The frequency of mining accidents has decreased over the past 10 years.10) The maximum number of places offered by themedical school for the applicants is 15.5. 1) Scientists should warn people about PM 2.5 and the need to restrict their children’soutdoor activities to avoid even the minimal damage.2) The local government has implemented a development program for the mountain climbersto leave the surrounding region unaffected.3) We can reduce the risks to zero since we are sure of what risks they are running.4) To combat your anxiety, you should compelyourself to visualize a promising future inwhich a problem has already been settled.5) He holds that developed countries should beheld accountable for economic growth on aglobal scale.6) Trash is not yet fully utilized, leading to overlooking the potential in it.7) A large number of females choose the optionof personal finance to achieve control oftheir own lives.8)The university has decided to invest in theproject because it has many technicaladvantages over other similar ones.9) Trees can provide shelter for both man and animals, which we tend to overlook.10) We are trying to achieve a soundunderstanding of liberal arts courses, whichencompasses a wide range of subjects.Listening 2A. (1) F (2) T (3) T (4) F (5) T (6) T (7) TB. (1) Clouding computing is about the provisionof computer resources like SaaS, PaaS, andinfrastructure provision while privatecomputing isn’t.(2) 67.(3) Because the Industrial Revolution is not athing, and it cannot be defined by somespecific products. It is a transformation ora transition involving concepts, ideas, waysof production, changing attitudes, etc.(4) Because it is more than just technology, asthe speaker further compares it toelectricity, which has transformed from aninnovation to much more of a utility service.(5) Ubiquitous.Listening 3A. (1) C (2) B (3) A (4) C (5) Dpressed, whisper, external, pockets, panic,assembly, psychological, reflection, simultaneous, architecture, figure out, legitimate, instantaneous, clicking, addicted C. (1) B, C (2) CUnit 2 ClassificationKeys to the ExercisesTask 1 Familiarizing Yourself with Classification 1. 1) Man-made or anthropogenic causes, and natural causes.2)Pollution (burning fossil fuels, mining coaland oil, etc.), the production of CO2 ( theincrease of population, the demolition oftrees, etc.).3) CO2 is a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the Earth’s atmosphere.4) Classification helps us to determine andunderstand the relationship of the parts of a subject which is studied by us. Classificationis made on the basis of a clear definition.5) In order to make a clear and logicclassification, one needs to follow aprinciple of classification and go on with asystem consistently. For example, thecategories of classification should bemutually exclusive and no overlapping isallowed.Reading 1 Causes for Global Warming2. Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel resource.It provides about one-quarter of the total energy the world uses, and 40 percent of the electricity generated worldwide is powered by coal. The steel industry also is greatly dependent upon this fossil fuel. Like other depleting sources of global energy, coal reserves are also on a steep decline. Moreover, coal is a greenhouse gas nightmare. Natural gas is comprised mostly of methane, although it also contains ethane, propane and butane. It is a convenient and efficient energy source. The major consumers of natural gas are the residential, commercial and industrial sectors.It is also used to generate electricity. Unlike other fossil fuels, natural gas is cleaner and causes less pollution. Like other fossil fuels, this resource is depleting rapidly.Task 2 Understanding Lectures through ClassificationListening 11. Unconscious motivation, unconscious conflict, the id, the ego, the superego, etc.2. 1) T 2) F 3) F 4) F 5) T 6) F 7) T 8) F3. Idea One: The existence of an unconscious motivationIdea Two: The notion of unconscious dynamics or conflict4. There are two interesting ideas in Freud’stheory: first, the existence of unconscious motivation; second, the concept of unconscious conflict. Freud believes that unconscious motivation might play an important role in a lot of situations, such as marriage, forgetting a person’s name, calling out the wrong name etc.In his view, there are three processes going on in the head, namely, id,ego and superego, which are in violent internal conflict. Id functions on “the Pleasure Principle”, while ego workson“the Reality Principle” and superego is the internalized rules of a society. Ego is in between id and superego.Task 3 Reading Classification ArticlesReading 2 Renewable Energy Sources—A Brief Summary 1. 1) Renewable energy is energy which comes fromnatural resources such as sunlight, wind,rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which arerenewable (naturally replenished).2)□√The purpose of using renewable energy sources.□√The classification of renewable energy sources.□√The examples of different types of renewable energy sources.□√The advantages and disadvantages of varioustypes of renewable energy sources.√The history of the use of different energy □sources.□How energy is obtained from various sources.3) I would write:(1) The definition of the renewable energy.(2) The classification of the renewable energy.(3) The advantages and the disadvantages of various types of renewable energy sources.2. 1) The signing of the Kyoto Treaty.2) It converts the sun’s rays into energy.3) The main demerit is that it is limited.4) Sailors, farmers and architects.5) The main advantage is that this doesn’tproduce any by-products that can be harmful to the environment.6) Because the Earth’s crust continuously decays, replenishing the heat.7) They use the force of the water to push theturbine which in turn powers a generator thus generating electricity.8) It poses a problem for fish and aquatic plants on both sides of the dam.9) They contain no petroleum, and they are nontoxic and biodegradable.10) The Environmental Protection Agency.3. 1) j. evolution 2) s. solar 3) a. architect 4) l. geothermal 5) p. preserve6) b. biodegradable 7) r. radioactive 8) f. crusade 9) h. distribute 10) q. radiant11) i. domestic 12) t. validation 13) k.generator 14) d. capture 15) g. definitely16) n. install 17) e. consumption 18) m. harness 19) o. internal 20) c. bladeReading 3 Types of Pollution5. 1) voluntary 2) construction 3) contamination 4) eruption 5) regulation6) deforestation 7) yield 8) irrigation 9) confine 10) sewage11) hazardous 12) residential 13) vapor 14) decay 15) erosion16) disrupt 17) particulate 18) underground 19) concentration 20) combatit enjoys a long history and has been advancing constantly, thus enabling us to convert heat into electricity, which can be stored, ready for use.Task 4 Writing an Essay of ClassificationReading 4 Types of Sustainability5. 1) Declarative sentences are mostly employed inacademic writing, despite the occasional utilizations of interrogative sentences.2) To support the truths, reliable evidence is quoted by scholars in all disciplines.3) Much importance should be attached to thecomprehension of the difference between education and training.4) A person who exposes himself to the sunlight forexcessive time is susceptible to malignant melanoma.5) Students doing temporary jobs display a better performance in their academic studies.6) American frontier is deeply rooted in many aspects of American character.7) The direct involvement of many a foreign countryis evident in the process of US territorial expansion.8) Parents need to equipped with much care and knowledge while raising a kid.9) Environment plays a vital role in the growth of plants.10) In the past, Beijing was ravaged by dust storms for 20 days annually.Integrated Exercises2. 1) motivation 2) demolish 3) symptom 4) combat5) capture 6) distribute 7) assert 8) yield9) internal 10) emergence 11) adherence 12)disrupt3. 1) Internet access is available in the students’ dormitory.2) If you can harness your energy, you’ll be rewarded with huge accomplishments.3) It has been confirmed that foul weather is highly hazardous for sea navigation.4) The governmental nuclear waste disposal planaroused fierce protests from the localresidents.5) Extinction of this rare species of bird is foreseeable if effective measures are not taken.6) While delivering a public speech, a speaker must articulate his/her arguments.7) I highly esteem his current research on stem cells.8) A speaker cannot always secure the cooperation of the audience.9) The car industry of this country is sheltered by its government from foreign competition.10) Even a moderate elevation of blood pressure leads to shortened life expectancys.5. 1) The effective disposal of the recognizedsources of pollution demonstrates to be ofgreat aid in the elevation of people’squality of life.2) Since the rapid evolution of technology, thelifestyles of the generations ahead of uswill witness a revolutionized change.3) Tapping heat from the Earth enables theresidents of resource-poor regions to combatthe poor conditions.4) The downside of the practice of fertilizing thesoil by burning straws is the fact that thereleased dusts and particles pose a seriousproblem for the health of the respiratorysystem.5) This campaign, organized by environmentallyconscious individuals, has a measurableeffect on the general improvement of all thepeople’s environmental protect ion awareness.6) The history of deforestation can date back totwo millenniums ago, which has deterioratedconstantly in the modern times, leading to ahuge loss of wildlife habitat.7) During the visit to Huangshan (Yellow Mountain),the tourists were amazed at how nature workswonders, realizing that beauty is onlysustainable if all of us care for theenvironment around us.8) Drug abuse is a general degradation of lifestyle, causing immediate health effects.9) Oil leakage in the mainstream river considerablydecreases the quantity of drinkable water;what’s worse, the adverse effects are notconfined to areas near the source.10) Luckily, the pollution inflicted by thisaccident will be effectively removed throughnatural cycles, not having a negative impacton the environment.Listening 2A. (1) T (2) F (3) F (4) F (5) T (6) F (7) FB. (1) The individual’s potential and the importance of growth and self-actualization.(2) The lower one.(3) By providing lunch breaks, rest breaks and sufficient wages to purchase essentials.(4) The love and belonging needs.(5) They are self-aware, concerned with personalgrowth, less concerned with the opinions ofother people, and interested in fulfillingtheir potential.C. This lecture is about Maslow’s theory of thehierarchy of needs, namely physiological needs,safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, andself-actualization needs. Physiological needsare the most basic and instinctive ones, whichmust be satisfied first. Safety needs refer tothe needs for safety and security, alsoimportant for survival. Social needs includethe needs for belonging, love and affection,the deprivation of which leads to unhappiness.Esteem needs reflect on personal worth, socialrecognition and accomplishment; if unmet, itmay lead to inferiority complex. Self-actualization needs are at the highest level,meaning to realize a person’s full potential,capacities and talents.Listening 3A. (1) A (2) A (3) D (4) C (5) BB. classically, runny nose, sore throat, intrigued,initially, clinically, alludes to, building up,immune, alongside, shuffling, rip through,hospitalizationsC. (1) B C E(2) ① A B C ② A B ③ A B ④ A B ⑤ A B C ⑥ C⑦ A ⑧ A ⑨ A ⑩A CUnit 3 Comparison and ContrastKeys to the ExercisesTask 1 Familiarizing Yourself with Comparison and Contrast1. 1) Electric vehicles and gas vehicles.2) The energy they used, the distance, the cost and convenience.3) The electric vehicles and gas vehicles sharesome similarities: the appearance of musclecars, all the standard features and they evenperform similarly. The differences are listedvehicles item after item. In such a pattern,the writer structures his paragraph aroundpoints of comparison, moving back and forthbetween the subjects.5) The former one—list all similarities of the two subjects, then their differences.Reading 1 Electric Vehicles and Gas Vehicle2. What’s more, there is a health factor thataffects both of them. Canned food loses some of the original fresh food nutrients when stored, and also has to be tinned with many preservatives and chemical factors that prolong the shelf life and apparent freshness of the food but could become toxic if consumed too often. Fresh food, on the other hand, often comes straight from a farm and has all the nutrients Mother Nature intended for it. As we can see, fresh food offers many benefits that canned food lacks. Therefore, an informed diner should always choose to eat fresh. After all, we could all use to improve our health.Task 2 Understanding Lectures Through Comparisonand ContrastListening 12. 1) T. What I’m just beginning to realize rig htnow, is that we pay a huge price for the speedthat we claim is a big advantage of thesecomputers.2) F. And they consume one and a half megawattsof power. So that would be really great, ifyou could add that to the production capacityin Tanzania. It would really boost the economy.3) F. Now, how much computation does the braindo? I estimate 10 to the 16 bits per second,which is actually about very similar to whatBlue Gene does. So that’s the question.4) T. So what we are doing right now withcomputers with the energy consumed by 1,200houses, the brain is doing with the energyconsumed by your laptop.5) F. How does that compare with the waycomputers work? In the computer, you have allthe data going through the central processingunit, and any piece of data basically has togo through that bottleneck, whereas in thebrain, what you have is these neurons.6) T. This is something that we’ve been working on for the last couple of years.3. 120,000 processors10 to the 16 bits per second1.5 megawatts10 quadrillion bits per second10 watts4. Although computers have strong power to processdata, they still cannot compare to the brain ofhuman beings in which an unbelievable number of neurons connect and react with each other so that a real net could be accomplished perfectly.The research on how the computer could be as powerful as a brain will continue going on.Task 3 Reading Comparison and Contrast Articles2. 1) Consumer perceptions of organic processesand products and those involvingbiotechnology.2) Health, environment, risk and ethics.3) No study has directly elicited comparableattitudes about organic and GM products andprocesses.4) The average participant slightly, but notstrongly, agreed with the positively wordedhealth attributes (e.g., organic food ishealthier), and disagreed with the negativelyworded health attributes (e.g., organic foodis less healthy). The average response aboutthe healthfulness of GM foods was generallyneutral.5) Both were thought to have higher levels of nutrients than traditional food.6) Generally, consumers perceive organic food production as environmentally friendly.7) Respondents perceived GM foods as possessinga higher level of risk than other classes offood.8) Social acceptability is one motive driving the purchase of organic food.9) Respondents did not have major ethical objections to GM food.10) Forty-five percent.Reading 2 Perceptions of Genetically Modified and Organic Foods and Processes3. 1) p. prevalent 2) a. perception 3) i. moderate4) f. construct 5) q. advantageous 6) k.attribute 7) c. organic 8) h. volume 9) l.nutrient 10) d. elicit 11) g. explicitly 12) b.warrant13) m. inherent 14) t. respondent 15) e.empirical 16) j. contradict 17) o. obesity18) n. cure 19) s. neutral 20) r. motiveReading 3 A Comparative Report of Organic Food vs. Genetically Modified Food5. 1) synthetic 2) manure 3) botanical 4) alter 5)regulation 6) compost 7) recommendation8) mineral 9) federal 10) potent 11) organism 12)network 13) transformation 14) normal\15) chemical 16) trace 17) negative 18) poll19) facilities 20) modification6.7) Para. J 8) F8. My summary is: Fueled by health concerns,people have focused more on the origin of food over the past decade; so to answer their questions, this report shows that organic foods are the best choice compared with genetically modified food.Task 4 Writing an Essay of Comparison and Contrast Reading 4 Fast Food Restaurant: McDonald’s vs.Wendy’s1. B. Wendy’s1) the Ultimate Chicken Grill2) small order of chiliMcDonald’s1) fruit yogurt parfait2) green apple slices (kid’s menu)3) healthier sandwich choices (such as McVeggieBurger, Chicken Fajitas, and Whole WheatChicken McGrill)C. Presentation of food: At Wendy’s, not onlyare the meal options excellent, thepresentation of healthy menu choices issuperior.Wendy’s salads are large and fresh with only one hindrance: excess water at the bottom of the bowl.McDonald’s salads lack in appearance and freshness. These salads appear thrown together and often look wilted.D. Wendy’s:the first major fast food chain to offer fast food salad as a meal’s main course.McDonald’s: n ow also offers salads as a main course menu choice, in reaction to the popularity of Wendy’s salads.E. Meal variety, good presentation and severalsalad choices are all considered whenevaluating a fast food restaurant. With fastfood restaurants such as Wendy’s andMcDonald’s available, it is considerablyeasier for people to make healthier foodchoices.5. 1) None of his speech is imperfect in organization and wording.2) The manager will not miss the opportunity to accept the students’ proposals.3) Kevin did not deny he took risky bets andlied to cover them up but claimed his superiors were not ignorant of his doing.4) It was told that their work needed to be improved as it wasn’t done well.5) It is not avoidable that the public won’t miss such scandals in the business world.6) Never will my parents be unready to help me out.7) Hardly did the idea of returning to his hometown stop recurring in his dreams.8) The islands failed to find that they were ready to fight against the outside intruders.9) It was not until failing to catch the lastbus to the city late one night did Mike not know what to do next.10) Never does he lose the optimistic confidencefor life even though things don’t always gosmoothly.Integrated Exercise2. 1) accommodate 2) exhibition 3) consistent 4) negative 5) considerably 6) response7) version 8) regulation 9) capacity 10) alter 11) trace 12) involve3. 1) Older people are less likely to perceivesituations negatively because they’retypically more tolerant.2) In most cases, the major reason forconducting an analysis, although not oftenexplicitly stated, appears to be to justify taxpayer spending.3) The organization of the novel allowed readersto reconstruct the story by adding missing elements and arranging the sequence of the events.4) These skills are easy to learn and can addconsiderably to the overall enjoyment of spending time out-of-doors.5) He was asked to refine his draft headline to make it clearer and more exact.6) It is inevitable that success in most work is evaluated by income.7) The rejection of the parents’ political andreligious beliefs put their children in a difficult position.8) It is well-known that the government will beconsistent in its positions on civil rights legislation.9) The public figures who are seeking to furthertheir careers cannot make selections about the publicity they desire.10) Considerable modification of the existing system is needed to increase efficiency.5. 1) An appropriate use of limited naturalresources is advantageous for the Earthenvironment where human beings live.2) The uncertainty over this region continues togrow; what is more unfortunate, people may need some time to adapt.3) Conventional notions holds that organic foodis much healthier than genetically modified food.4) The brand gown designed by Marina comes toaccommodate the need for a number of occasions, including churches, dinners, business andother special occasions.5) There is a more prevalent concern that theshortage of this research is due to theoverall lack of knowledge of AIDS groups andthe difficulty of access to those groups.6) After being exposed to and weighing theinformation about those risks, US researcherssuggested that childhood obesity preventionshould occur/happen as early as possible, asmuch as possible before birth.7) If this change is made, you are likely to runthe risk of losing the audience and yourreputation.8) In the modern society, in rejection of thetraditional stereotype that women need morecare and tendance, many womenassume/undertake the responsibility ofraising a family.9) Since the 21st century, the short-termcertificates are rapidly gaining popularity,especially for non-white students.10) The research found that 75 percent ofAmerican teenagers always boast a healthyself-image.Listening 2A. (1) F (2) T (3) F (4) F (5) T (6) F (7) TB. (1) When the speaker was 15 years old, he first discovered the good waste problem.(2) He grabbed hold of it, sat down, and ate his breakfast with pigs.。
学术英语unit 3
• a. : chemical element — in names of the halogens < astatine > < chlorine > • b. • (1) : basic carbon compound — in names of alkaloids < quinine > • or other organic nitrogenous bases < aniline > < guanidine > • including six-membered ring compounds < pyridine > • and intermediate hydrogenated forms of cyclic compounds < pyrroline > < thiazoline > • — usually distinguished from -in • (2) : carbon compound containing a basic group — in names of amino acids < glycine > < cystine > • c. : mixture of chemical compounds — especially in commercial names (as of mixtures of hydrocarbons) < gasoline > < kerosine > • d. : -yne • e. : hydride < arsine >
corrective lenses, refractory surgery
Hepatitis
东南大学研究生一年级学术英语教科书答案chapter3
Unit 31.2.1 List different opinions on poverty and environmental degradation2.1.1 Check the reviewing section of sample Introduction and complete the following table.2.2.2 Read three extracts on the issue of poverty and crime. Use the verbs above to cite opinions on poverty and crime.A study by Williams (2005) reports that percentage of poor Americans who are living in extreme poverty has reached a 32-year high. This finding is supported by Holmes (2006) who further states that there are more and more at the link between unemployment, poverty and crime. And the unmistakable characteristic of poverty and crime is that they’re both geographically concentrated in the same areas.This opinion is theoretically explained from an economic perspective of crime that people weigh the consequences of committing crime. They resort to crime only if the cost or consequences are outweighed by the potential benefits to be gained.( Garland, 2008) Although both these studies focus on the close relation between poverty and crime, they have ignored … according to Leach and Mearns (1995).3.1 Using referencesInformation prominent citationAmong the six areas regarding the poverty headcount ratio at $1.25 a day, sub-Saharan AfricaAuthor prominent citationThe World Bank (2012) states that South Asia ranks the second in the chart regarding poverty ratio at $1.25 a day among six areas in the world.Weak author prominent citationAs a report from the World Bank (2012) indicated, the top two areas of poverty headcount ratio at $1.25 a day were sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, with a population of almost 50 percent and 37 percent respectively.3.2 Relating literature to your researchWhat questions does this literature review answer?(Key: This literature offers a summary of previous research, so it simply tells the reader what was discovered in previous research.)What questions doesn't it answer?(Key: It doesn't evaluate the research it summarizes, nor does it show the relationships between the different theories, views and approaches it describes.)Which method has the writer used to organize the literature review?(Key: The writer has organized this literature review around the researchers, and has presented it chronologically (arranging the work by when it was published). Notice that by organizing it around the researchers (the summaries are listed after the names of the people who did the research) and not around the research (e.g. around key concepts) the writer emphasizes the people and not their work.)Is it a good literature review? Why?(Key: We don't believe that it is a good literature review. It only gives a summary of previous research but it does not use the literature to explain more about the writer's own research problem. Also, it is not critical: after we read it we still do not know which theories or findings are important, which are inconclusive, what the shortcomings are, etc.The main problem with this literature review is that it does not show how previous research relates to the writer's own research problem, or the relationship between different research already carried out. Given the organization the writer has used, this literature review could not be effective literature review because there is little scope for showing relationships, drawing comparisons, or making evaluations.)3.3 Avoiding plagiarismThe last sentence in Version 2T sounds like the idea of the writer of the paragraph, but we know from Version 1 that it was originally the idea of Russell and Fillery (1996). Because there is nogrammatical link between the two sentences, the reference in the first sentence does not apply to the second sentence. Note in Version 1 that the authors used both a grammatical link (they) and a tense marker (past tense was not adaptable) to indicate that the idea came from the cited work.。
学术英语unit 3
Nucleotide
• chloride , sulphide, • carbide, oxide, hydride
Polymorphism
• • • • -ism showing qualities typical of heroism Americanism
• medical condition or disease • Alcoholism • dwarfism
Flu
viruses
Myopia
prolonged close work, excessive reading viral (HBV, HCV, etc.), bacterial, parasitic, fungal infections alcohol, autoimmune, inherited
The disease
Multiple sclerosis
• • • • What is it? Causes ? Symptoms? Cure?
• Excrete • Secrete
• methyl • methane • Methanol
• Folic acid • Foliage
Disease
Causes
Treatments
Flu
Myopia Hepatitis
Disease
Causes
Treatments
rest, clear fluids, cool damp washcloth to reduce fever, warm blanket to calm chills, cough medicine, antiviral medications, usually no need of antibiotics
新时代大学学术英语综合教程上册Unit 3 identity
新时代大学学术英语综合教程上册Unit 3 identity1、It is reported（）three people were badly injured in the traffic accident. [单选题] *A. whichB. that(正确答案)C.whileD.what2、84．There is a big tree? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?the house and the river. [单选题] * A．between(正确答案)B．inC．overD．of3、We can’t go out ______ school nights. （）[单选题] *A. inB. on(正确答案)C. atD. by4、It' s a pity that we have to stay at home when we are having（）weather. [单选题] *A. so fineB. so fine aC. such fine(正确答案)D. such a fine5、31．That's ______ interesting football game. We are all excited. [单选题] *A．aB．an(正确答案)C．theD．/6、The red jacket is _______ than the green one. [单选题] *A. cheapB. cheapestC. cheaper(正确答案)D. more cheap7、39．__________ he was very tired, he didn’t stop working. [单选题] * A．Although (正确答案)B．WhenC．AfterD．Because8、As I know, his salary as a doctor is much higher_____. [单选题] *A. than that of a teacher(正确答案)B. than a teacherC. to that of a teacherD. to a teacher9、I passed the test, I _____ it without your help. [单选题] *A.would not passB. wouldn't have passed(正确答案)C. didn't passD.had not passed10、28．The question is very difficult. ______ can answer it. [单选题] * A．EveryoneB．No one(正确答案)C．SomeoneD．Anyone11、My English teacher has given us some _______ on how to study English well. [单选题] *A. storiesB. suggestions(正确答案)C. messagesD. practice12、-Do you have tickets for Friday? -Sorry, we've got _____ left. [单选题] *A. eitherB. none(正确答案)C. no oneD. neither13、This girl is my best friend, Wang Hui. ______ English name is Jane.（）[单选题] *A. HeB. HisC. SheD. Her(正确答案)14、-We’ve spent too much money recently–well,it isn’t surprising. Our friend and relatives_______around all the time [单选题] *ingB. had comeC. were comingD have been coming(正确答案)15、36．This kind of bread is terrible. I don't want to eat it ______. [单选题] *A．any more(正确答案)B．some moreC．no longerD．some longer16、一Mary wants to invite you to see the movie today. 一I would rather she（B）me tomorrow. [单选题] *A.tellsB. told (正确答案)C. would tellD. had told17、This is not our house. lt belongs to _____. [单选题] *A. the Turners'B. the Turners(正确答案)C. Turner'sD. Turners18、John had planned to leave, but he decided to stay in the hotel for（）two days because of the heavy rain. [单选题] *A. otherB. the otherC. another(正确答案)D. others19、It is an online platform _____ people can buy and sell many kinds of things. [单选题] *A．whenB. where(正确答案)C．thatD．which20、Alice is fond of playing ____ piano while Henry is interested in listening to ___ music. [单选题] *A. the, /(正确答案)B. the, theC. the, aD. /, the21、_______ your parents at home last week? [单选题] *A. IsB. WasC. AreD. Were(正确答案)22、Julia’s on holiday in Shanghai _______. [单选题] *A. in a momentB. after a momentC. at the moment(正确答案)D. at any moment23、( ) --------Please take my seat here.-------- __________________________. [单选题]*A. That is nice of you(正确答案)B. I think it is my seatC. No, you sit hereD. I don’t think it’s a good seat.24、—Does your grandpa live ______ in the country?—Yes. So I often go to visit him so that he won’t feel ______. （）[单选题] *A. alone; aloneB. lonely; lonelyC. lonely; aloneD. alone; lonely(正确答案)25、—These shoes look cool. ______ are they?—They are on sale, only $（）[单选题] *A. How much(正确答案)B. How longC. How manyD. How soon26、_____, Martin can reach the branch of that tall tree at the gate. [单选题] *A. As a short manB. Being shortC. As he is shortD. Short as he is(正确答案)27、He either watches TV _______ reads books in the evening. [单选题] *A. or(正确答案)B. andC. toD. so28、Jack would rather spend time complaining than_____the problem by himself. [单选题] *A.solve(正确答案)B.solvedC.solvesD.to solve29、The teachers don't make us wear a school uniform and we can wear _____ we like. [单选题] *A. anyB. thatC. asD. what(正确答案)30、37．It’s fun _________ a horse with your best friends on the grass. [单选题] *A．to ride (正确答案)B．ridingC．ridesD．ride。
学术英语(理工)详解答案-Unit-3
Unit 3
Listening to Lectures
1 Preparing for listening
1 What are thetdoefinaitionles ocf tthue froellowing terms?
1 What are thetdoefinaitionles ocf tthue froellowing terms?
7) chlorofluorocarbon:
8icsh) alponorilnoaerrg,iachneyidccracopog:menpoaunnddfltuhoartinceo,nptaroindsuocendly
3) greenhouse:
is a structure with different types of covering materials, such as a glass or plastic roof and frequently glass or 4p)lamsetitchwanaell:s; it heats up because incoming visible solar radiation from the sun is absorbed by plants, soil, and other things inside the building.
4) Sort out subject-specific words and terms the lecture may use.
Unit 3
Listening to
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Unit 3
Unemployment
• Text A
5 What does sectoral shift (结构性变化) mean?
Sectoral shift means the change in the composition of demand among industries or regions.
学术英语 社科
Academic English for Social Sciences
3
Unemployment
Unemployment has been a serious global social issue in recent years. Both politicians and economists are making great efforts to find ways to reduce the unemployment rate, though the result is not always satisfactory. The texts in this unit may give you some insights into this issue.
Task 1 Watch a video clip and complete the following sentences according to the information you have heard.
1 Eric, president of , is invited to give college grads _ti_p_s_o_f_f_in_d_in_g__a_j_o_b_.
Unit 3 Unemployment
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Text Analysis
Read Text A and answer the following questions.
1 Why can losing a job be the most distressing economic event in a person’s life?
4 College grads can apply to graduate school right now for _a_p_r_o_fe_s_s_i_o_n_a_l _d_e_g_re_e_ and higher education, in order to ride out this recession and this extremely _w_e_a_k__jo_b__m_a_r_k_e_t .
2 College grads of this generation have _in_c_r_e_d_ib_le__ta_l_e_n_ts__ which is an advantage that not everybody has.
Unit 3
Unemployment
Lead-in
3 College grads who have _w_o_r_k_in_g__e_x_p_e_ri_e_n_c_e_ or _d_o_I_n_te_r_n_s_h_ip_s_ are more likely to find jobs.
3 What are the two categories of the unemployment problem?
They are long-run problem and short-run problem.
Unit 3 Unemployment
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Because people rely on their labor earnings to maintain their standard of living, get income and get a sense of personal accomplishment.
Unit 3 Unemployment
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Text Analysis
2 What happens to a country when it keeps its workers as fully employed as possible?
The result of it is achieving a higher level of GDP.
Unit 3
Unemployment
Unit Contents
Lead-in Text A Text B Text C Listening Speaking Writing
Unit 3
Unemployment
• Lead-in
– Lead-in task
Unit 3
Unemployment
Lead-in
Text
4 How can we judge how serious the problem of unemployment is?
We can consider whether unemployment is a short-term or long-term condition. Long-term means it is a big problem; short-term means it is not a big problem.
– Critical reading and thinking – Difficult sentences – English language for
academic purpose
• Specialized vocabulary • Collocations • Signpost language • Formal English