美国政治体制英文版介绍
美国政体英文版
美国政体英文版一美国政体.the Articles of Confederation《联邦条款》Congress requires each country to send representatives to a meeting in Philadelphia, the city signed the Declaration of Independence, to discuss which changes to strengthen the federal provisions. The smallest state, Rhode Island, refused to attend the meeting, but representatives from 12 other countries. The meeting came to be known as the Constituent Assembly (Constituent Assembly), began in May 1787.II. The making of the U.S ConstitutionU.S. Constitution developIn the course of the convention, the delegates designed a new form of government for the United States. Constitution established a federal system with a strong central government. A federal system in which power is shared between a central authority and its components, and each part rights reserved. The Constitution also calls for national leadership election, or the President. It provides (provisions), the federal law will only be made by the representatives of the people elected by a parliament composed. It also provides a national court system headed by the Supreme Court.The deputies set up a government composed of three parts, or branches, executive, legislative and judicial. Each branch has powers that no one I have, and limitations of each branch has resisted any wrongdoing by the other branch of the way. 1776 1789 of the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution forms the basis of the U.S. federal government. The new constitution was finally in 13 states approved by the majority of the nine members of the public andcame into effect in 1787. "Bill of Rights" was added to the Constitution in 1791.III. The Federal GovernmentThree branches , including administration, headed by the President , legislation, including both houses of Congress ( Senate and House of Representatives ) and the judiciary , the Supreme Court leadership.China and the U.S. Federal GovernmentThe legislative branch ( legislative body ) is composed of elected representatives from all countries , and is the only branch that can make federal laws, levy ( levy ) federal tax , and declared war or the foreign treaty to take effect. It is divided into the House of Representatives and the Senate by Congress .House of Representatives , including legislators who served for two years . Each congressman on behalf of his or her home one area. State the number of districts is determined by taking the number of the population every 10 years .Senate who served six years , including the period legislator . Every country, regardless of population , has two senators .The main duties of this conference is to make laws , including those paid by the federal government's taxing work . Began as a proposal of a law called the " Act ." This is a reading, Research Committee , comments ( comment ) , and in the Senate or the House of Representatives chamber ( House ) in which it was introduced amendments ( amendments ) . It was then put to the vote .If passed, it is sent to a similar method in which the generation of other houses. Members of both houses to work together in the " conference committee" if the Chamber of Commerce have passed different versions of the same bill ( text ) .Groups who are trying to convince members of Congress to vote for or against the bill is called " lobbying" ( lobbying group ) . When passed byboth houses of Congress , they agreed to a bill that is sent to the President for signature . After signing the bill into law just does .The executive branch ( the executive body )CEO of the United States is the president, who along with vice president , was elected to a four-year term . According to a constitutional amendment passed in 1951 , the president can choose to only two aspects .The President is the head of State and head of government , and the military commander of the army and the chief diplomat . He presided over the federal government's executive branch . In the executive branch , the president has broad constitutional powers to issue ( command ) about federal departments work regulations ( regulations ) , and instructed him to issue an executive order can affect internal policies.Presidential power is terrible ( huge ) . President as a major public policy makers often raise the Legislative Assembly . The president can veto ( veto ) any bill passed by Congress . Veto can be overridden ( overturned veto , so invalid ) in the Senate and House of Representatives by 2/3 vote. The president can appoint federal judges vacancies , including members of the Supreme Court. All of these appointments are subject to the court (subject ...... consent ) confirmed by the Senate. In the executive branch , the president has broad powers to work orders issued regulations ( regulations ) and related federal departments ( command ) . He was commander in chief of the army.Heads and senior officials of the executive agency appointed by the President , the vast majority of federal workers .The main branches of government are appointed by the secretary ( minister , secretary ) who together constitute the leadership of the President's Cabinet . Each appointment must be confirmed by the Senate for a vote . Under the Constitution, the president is primarily responsible for handling external relations .Judiciary ( Judiciary )The judiciary ( the judiciary ) and head of the Supreme Court justices ( Chief Justice ) and 8 Associate Justice ( Justice ) . Federal judges are appointed for life or voluntary retirement , and the process can only be removed from office by Congress impeachment trial .The Supreme Court consists of nine justices : Chief Justice of the United States and eight Associate Justices . They have the same rights and the Chief Justice does not decide the case for re- vote when the vote ( vote ) or colleagues power indication.The Supreme Court has the right to judicial review , the power to decide whether Parliament legislative or administrative acts unconstitutional .Checks and balancesWhen Americans talk about their national governments in three parts , they tend to put their so-called system of "checks and balances " system.The president has the power to make treaties withother nations and to make all appointments tofederal positions, including the position of SupremeCourt justice. The Senate , however, must approveall treaties and confirm all appointments beforethey become official.The Supreme Court can determine whethercongressional legislation or executive action violatesthe Constitution.executive judiciallegislativeIV. the Bill of Rights (another basicfoundation in the U.S Constitution ) In 1791 it passed by 10 short paragraphs, to ensure individual rights and freedoms and government interference in personal life ban. In the Bill of Rights, the American guarantee of freedom of speech and freedom of religion news. Their right to assembly in public places, the right to bear arms, and so on. There are other 16 amendments to the Constitution of 1991. Thus, there were 27 amendments to the U.S. Constitution. V. Two major Political PartiesDemocrats and Republicans (often called the "Grand Old Party" or Republican): America's political system is dominated by two political parties. These are very old, very stable political party - "Democrats and Republicans back to 1824, respectively, the Democratic Party, founded in 1854 as a donkey, and is characterized as a Republican elephant.Americans do not join a political party to vote or become a candidate for public office.。
美国政党介绍 英语 PPT
• Support gay rights • Argue that the right for abortion should be with women.
Representatives
Summarization
Parties The Republicans The Democrats
Symbols Ideas Economic idea Social issues
Representatives
Ideology of the Democratic Party
• More liberal • Favor a strong social security system. • Believe that it is the responsibility of the government to take care of the individual citizens. • Support welfare programs for the people. • Favor strict gun control • Against death penalty.
__________ Elephant cБайду номын сангаасnservative
Donkey __________ liberal
free __________
Oppose large governmental social security programs business groups
market
__________ intervention
Political Parties In America
Symbols
The Democratic Party
美国政治制度用英语简洁介绍
美国政治制度用英语简洁介绍篇一：美国政治制度的英语作文The United State political systemAs far as I am concerned, I believe that the Constitutional federal republish of The United State is democratic. The United State federal system pursues the principe of “Checks and Balan ces”. The American constitution required that the state authority consisted of legislative branch, executive branch, judicial branch , which was parallel to others and restricted others. The Congress consists of the House and the Senate. Each state has two senators despite the population, which ensures that the small states have an equal power in one of the houses of Congress. The House of Representatives are elected according to the proportion of the population states. The main duty of the Congress is to make laws. Only when the House and the Senate vote and pass the bill and then send it to the president for his signature, can it become a law. The chief executive of the United State is the president.He is head of government, commander–in–chief of the armed forces and chief of state. The president is elected by the citizens and he has to be responsible for them. The president can veto the law that the Congressproposes. However,Congress can enact the law despite the president’s views only if two thirds of the members of both houses vote in favour of it. The judicial branch is headed by the Supreme Court. The judges are appointed by the president. The judges can have lifelong tenure if they do not commit a crime.In my opinion, I think that both the presidential election and the enactment of law in the United State are democratic. Thomas Jefferson ever said“As far as I understand it, the supreme power of the most reliable person in charge can only be the people themselves” in 1820. The American system of government represents the citizens benefit and promotes the economic development rapidly.However, the American system has also existed disadvantages. I think the racial prejudice is a serious problem in American society. A 18‐year‐old black youth named Michael Brown was shot by a white policeman and finally died in Missouri, America on August 9th 2014. whichcaused large‐scale demonstrations and developed the violent incident such as beating,smashing and looting in many places. When the grand jury judgedthat the white policeman can not be accused on November 24th , the protests spread quickly more than 170 cities in America. This issue caused wild public concern not only at home but also all over the world. Unfortunately, the racial problem has not been solved yet.Different from the America, China carried out the system of people’s congress, which fits our country’s situation. In political parties, America has two‐party system but China insists an single‐party system. I think that Chinese system has high efficiency in a short time but has poor long‐term stability, because of lacking power supervision. Instead, American system has low efficiency in short‐term but has high efficiency for a long time. Therefore, we can not say the Chinese system is superior to American system, because they both fit their own country’s situation and have positive impact on the economical development. However,the officials looting has become a more and more serious problem in our country. The officials’duties are serving to the people and doing something beneficial to the public. Butthey failed in their responsibility and looted,which may cause the public feel disappointed to the government. Although the government has taken effective measures to suppress the corruption,officials looting remains a serious problem in our country. So,I think that our government should perfect the power supervision system constantly and prevent the officials from looting. Only by doing this, our country may become better and better.篇二：美国政治制度英文the united state political systemin my opinion, i think that both the presidential election and the enactment of law in the united state are democratic. thomas jefferson ever said“as far as i understand it, the supreme power of the most reliable person in charge can only be the people themselves” in 1820. the american system of government represents the citizens benefit and promotes the economic development rapidly.however, the american system has also existed disadvantages. i think the racial prejudice is a serious problem in american society. a 18‐year‐old black youth named michael brown was shot by a white policeman and finally died in missouri, america on august 9th 2014. whichcaused large‐scale demonstrations and developed the violent incident such as beating,smashing and looting in many places. when the grand jury judgedthat the white policeman can not be accused on november 24th , the protests spread quickly more than 170 cities in america. this issue caused wild public concern not only at home but also all over the world. unfortunately, the racial problem has not been solved yet.the united state political systemin my opinion, i think that both the presidential election and the enactment of law in the united state are democratic. thomas jefferson ever said“as far as i understand it, th e supreme power of the most reliable person in charge can only be the people themselves” in 1820. the american system of government represents the citizens benefit and promotes the economic development rapidly.however, the american system has also existed disadvantages. i think the racial prejudice is a serious problem in american society. a 18‐year‐old black youth named michael brown was shot by a white policeman and finally died in missouri, america on august 9th 2014. which caused large‐scale demonstrations and developed theviolent incident such as beating,smashing and looting in many places. when the grand jury judgedthat the white policeman can not be accused on november 24th , the protests spread quickly more than 170 cities in america. this issue caused wild public concern not only at home but also all over the world. unfortunately, the racial problem has not been solved yet.一、英国政治体制的模式及特点英国的政治制度是典型的君主立宪制，其主要特点是“议会至上”、以内阁为权力核心、君主虚位、政党组织严密。
英语国家概况：美国政治
英语国家概况:美国政治下面是店铺整理的英语国家概况:美国政治，希望对大家有帮助。
Political Institution政治体制1)A workable form of government under theConstitution: a federal system of government whichhas two layers of rule.两极统治的联邦政府体制。
2)Separation of powers with checks and balancesunder the Constitution: The Constitution divides thegovernment into three branches: the legislative,the executive and the judicial. Each branch hasonly part of the powers but not all the powers. Thethree branches are in balance and they may check each other.三权分立和制衡制度：宪法将政府划分为3个部门，立法部门、执法部门和司法部门。
每个部门只有部分权利不是全部。
三个部门权利平衡并互相限制。
3) Safeguards for individual liberty under the Constitution: the Bill of Rights. It is the termused for the first ten amendments to the Constitution. Ti guarantees freedom of religion,freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly and petition, freedom fromunreasonable searches, right to jury trial, right to due process of law and other legal rights.宪法下的个人自由的保护：人权。
美国的政治制度的英文作文
美国的政治制度的英文作文下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成，希望大家下载以后，能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。
文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!The political system of the United States is a complex and multi-layered structure. At the federal level, it is characterized by a separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. Each branch has its own distinct powers and responsibilities, which are outlined in the Constitution.The President of the United States is the head of the executive branch and is responsible for implementing and enforcing the laws passed by Congress. The President isalso the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces and has the power to negotiate and sign treaties with foreign governments.The legislative branch of the U.S. government is comprised of the Senate and the House of Representatives, together known as Congress. Congress is responsible for making the laws of the country, and both chambers must approve a bill before it can become law. The Senate has 100members, two from each state, while the House of Representatives has 435 members, with the number from each state based on its population.The judicial branch of the U.S. government is headed by the Supreme Court, which is the highest court in the country. The Supreme Court is responsible for interpreting the Constitution and ensuring that laws passed by Congress and actions taken by the President are in accordance with it. The Court has the power to declare laws or executive actions unconstitutional.In addition to the federal government, the United States also has a system of state and local governments, each with its own set of powers and responsibilities. This system of federalism allows for a division of authority between the national government and the individual states, providing for a balance of power and a degree of autonomy for each state.The political system of the United States is characterized by a strong emphasis on individual rights andfreedoms, as outlined in the Bill of Rights and other amendments to the Constitution. The system is also marked by a commitment to democracy, with regular elections at the federal, state, and local levels, allowing for the peaceful transfer of power and the expression of the will of the people.Overall, the political system of the United States is a dynamic and ever-evolving structure, shaped by the principles of democracy, federalism, and the separation of powers. It is a system that seeks to balance the needs of the people with the limitations of government, and to provide for a government that is both strong and accountable to the people it serves.。
英文介绍美国的三权分立制度
The separation of power and the system of checks—and-balances in USAIt is known to us that the political system vary from country to country depending on its different national condition，such as the constitutional monarchy of UK and the People's Congress system of China，the separation of power of US。
During this discussion，we will talk about the how the American government works under the idea of separation of power which is associated with the checks and balances system。
According to the U.S。
Constitution declared that the government was divided into three different branches including a legislative, an executive and a judiciary, in accordance with the idea of separation of power. This idea was created because that Americans did not want these powers to be controlled by just one man or one group. They were afraid that if a small group received too much power，the United States would wind up under the rule of another dictator or tyrant。
美国政治制度(精选多篇)
美国政治制度(精选多篇)第一篇：美国政治制度概况美国政治制度概况political institution（政治制度）1．the american constitution is the oldest written constitution in the world. it was draw up in 1787 and went into effect in 1789.美国宪法是世界上最早的成文宪法，它起草于1787年，生效于1789年。
2．in 1787,congress called for a meeting of delegate from all the states to revise the articles of confederation.1787年，国会召开各州代表参加的大会，主要目的是修改有明显缺点的《联邦条款》。
3．the government is divided into three branched: the legislative ,the executive ,and the judicial. each branch has part of the powers but not all the power.美国政府被分为3部分：立法机构，行政机构和司法机构。
4．in either case, amendments must have the approval of three-fourths of the states before they enter into force.有两种情可以提出修改宪法条款，但不管是哪种，修正案必须经过3/4的批准才能生效。
5．the president of the u.s is the head of the executive branch and the headof the state elected by the whole nation. the constitution requires the president to be a natural-born american citizen at least 35 years of age. the president election was held every 4 years .宪法规定总统必须是美国本土出生的美国公民，至少年满35岁，总统选举每四年举行一次。
美国政党介绍(英文)
Early nonpartisanship
----The framers of the US Constitution made no provision in the governmental structure for the functioning of political parties for they believed that parties were a source of corruption and an impediment to the freedom of people to judge issues on their merits.
Democratic Party
Its origin can be traced to the coalition formed behind
Thomas Jefferson in the 1790s to resist the policies of George Washington’s administration. In Civil War, the democratic supported slavery and represented the interest of plantation owners. In the Great Depression, Roosevelt advocated New Deal ---to regulate and redistribute wealth and to protect those least able to help themselves in an increasingly complex society. The government expanded its role in welfare and economic regulation, thus wining overwhelming support from voters. The Democratic Party controlled government for over 20 years. Republican Reagan won the election and ended the New Deal.
美国三权分立的详细说明(英语版)
The separation of power and the system of checks-and-balancesin USAIntroductionIt is known to us that the political system vary from country to country depending on its different national condition, such as the constitutional monarchy of UK and the People's Congress system of China, the separation of power of US. During this discussion, we will talk about the how the American government works under the idea of separation of power which is associated with the checks and balances system..BodyAccording to the U.S. Constitution declared that the government was divided into three different branches including a legislative, an executive and a judiciary, in accordance with the idea of separation of power. This idea was created because that Americans did not want these powers to be controlled by just one man or one group. They were afraid that if a small group received too much power, the United States would wind up under the rule of another dictator or tyrant.Separation of powers is a political doctrine originating in the writings of Montesquieu in "The Spirit of the Laws" where he urged for a constitutional government with three separate branches of government. Each of the three branches would have defined powers to check thepowers of the other branches. This idea was called separation of powers. This philosophy heavily influenced the writing of the United States Constitution. The legislative, executive, and judicial branches of the United States government are kept distinct in order to prevent abuse of power. The United State’s form of separation of powers is associated with a system of checks and balances.How does the United States do when putting the idea of separation of power into practice? Which department is responsible for the legislative, executive, and judicial work respectively? In fact, in USA, the legislative is headed by Congress; the executive branch headed by the President and judicial branches headed by the Supreme Court. If we have to use very simple words to describe the work of these three branches, it can be summarized as follow: the Legislative Branch makes the law; the Executive Branch enforces and carries out the laws; The Judicial Branch interprets the laws. Each branch of the government have particular powers, it will be introduced followed.The President, who is responsible for the Executive Branch carries out federal laws and recommends new ones, directs national defense and foreign policy, and performs ceremonial duties. The main powers include: ✧ May veto laws✧ dealing with international powers,✧cting as chief law enforcement officer,✧directing government, commanding the Armed Forces,✧Wages war at the direction of Congress (Congress makes the rulesfor the military)✧Makes decrees or declarations (for example, declaring a state ofemergency)✧promulgates lawful regulations and executive orders✧Appoints judges and executive department heads✧Has power to grant pardons to convicted persons, except in cases ofimpeachmentThe Legislative Branch is headed by the Congress, which includes the House of Representatives and the Senate. The main task of these two bodies is to make the laws. Its main powers include✧Writes and enacts laws✧Enacts taxes, authorizes borrowing, and sets the budget✧Has sole power to declare war✧May start investigations, especially against the executive branch✧The Senate considers presidential appointments of judges andexecutive department heads✧The Senate ratifies treaties✧The House of Representatives may impeach, and the Senate mayremove, executive and judicial officers✧Sets up federal courts except the Supreme Court, and sets the numberof justices on the Supreme Court✧May override presidential vetoes✧originating spending bills (House),✧impeach officials (Senate), and approve treaties (Senate).Headed by the Supreme Court, Judicial branch has the final right to interpret the law, that is to say, once the Supreme Court defines the law, the other different debates will be ineffective. The main powers of the Supreme Court include:✧interpreting the Constitution,✧reviewing laws✧decide cases involving states' rights.✧Determines which laws Congress intended to apply to any given case ✧Determines whether a law is unconstitutional✧Determines how Congress meant the law to apply to disputes✧Determines how a law acts to determine the disposition of prisoners⏹Determines how a law acts to compel testimony and theproduction of evidence✧Determines how laws should be interpreted to assure uniform policiesin a top-down fashion via the appeals process, but gives discretion in individual cases to low-level judges. (The amount of discretiondepends upon the standard of review, determined by the type of case in question.)Polices its own membersNot only does each branch of the government have particular powers each branch has certain powers over the other branches. This is done to keep them balanced and to prevent one branch form ever gaining too much power, which practices the system of checks-and-balances. This can be shown in the some aspects:1. Weather a law is passed or not decided by the CongressThe House and Senate may pass a law that the President does not like. The President can veto the law but the Congress override the video requiring 2/3 vote of both houses.2. The Supreme Court can decide weather the President or the Congress is unconstitutional.If The House and Senate pass a law, the President signs it, but the Supreme Court decides it is unconstitutional, they can strike down the law.3. The appointment of the Judges for the Supreme Course is decided by both the President and the CongressThe President nominates Judges for the Supreme Court; the US Senate must approve the Judge nominated before he can serve.4. The Judges of Supreme Court can be removed by the Congress Supreme Court judges have life terms. But they can be impeached.5. The Congress can veto the proposals of the President and the can reject it again, but it was decided by the Congress.As we can see there are many ways (there are many more than listed) that the Constitution balances power. The picture below shows us clearly how does the three branch of the American government restrict each other mutually, for each branch has certain powers over the other branches.There are some definite examples to show how the system of checks-and-balances operates:•After the Civil War President Andrew Johnson vetoed over 20 bills. •After the Civil War Congress overrode over 20 Presidential vetoes! •In1987 President Ronald Reagan appointed Judge Robert Bork to the Supreme Court, his nomination was defeated.•In 1935 and 1936 the Supreme Court declared the NIRA and then the AAA (two New Deal programs passed during the Roosevelt administration) unconstitutional.•In 1918 Congress refused to ratify the Treaty of V ersailles, a peace treaty ending World War I that President Wilson had worked very hard on.There are thousands of examples of checks and balances at work. Real life conflicts that test the system have occurred throughout history. These checks and balances are used on a regular basis.Actually, in theory, the political system of China is in some way similar to the system of checks-and-balances. The National People's Congress has legislative power, but are not administrative. The Judicial departments enforce law independently. And the government has only the administration without prejudice to the legislative and judicial. However, there are many differences in the specific institutional and practical implementation. In China, the party lead all and sometimes the People's Congress is also Party secretary. Therefore the system ofchecks-and-balances is not fully implemented in China, while in US, this system is really the guide when the government works, for each branch has certain powers over the other branches and the three branch of the American government restrict each other mutually.Conclusion:During this discussion, we learn it is the separation of power that is the main principles on which American federal government is based, the different powers of the three branches and use a lot of examples to explain how the three branches affect each other to show the system of checks-and-balances operating in USA. All in our groups believe that the idea of separation and the system of checks-and-balances do have contributed a lot to the development of America as main principle when the government operates.。
美国政治体制(英文版)
Thanks!
The House of Representatives has 435 members, each representing a congressional district for a two-year term. House seats are apportioned (分 配)among the states by population every tenth year. The Senate has 100 members with each state having two senators, elected at-large to sixyear terms; one third of Senate seats are up for election every other year.
President Barack Obama named Hillary Rodham Clinton as his choice for Secretary of State. Secretary of State uniquely refers to the official responsible for foreign policy. The U.S. Secretary of State is head of the United State Department(美国国务院).
原创力文档是网络服务平台方若您的权利被侵害侵权客服qq
The polity of United States
The United States is the world’s oldest surviving federation. It is a constitutional republic.(宪政共和国) Federal(联邦) and state judicial(司法的) and cabinet officials are typically nominated(提名) by the executive branch(行政部门) and approved by the legislature(立法机关), although some state judges and officials are elected by popular vote.(普选)
英语美国政体
OverviewU.S. objective that is now the world's most developed countries, whether from the political and economic science, and technology, the objective with the United States that it is inseparable from the political system of the U.S. political system is the core of the system of separation of powers, democracy, freedom That human rights are the basic elements of society.OriginOther countries in the world, compared to the U.S. political life is in a unique structure of power, political power is widely dispersed in all sectors of the community, not for power-grade, but competition-style. As the U.S. government authority, including legislative, administrative, judicial three systems, each system plays a role in their own, while restricting each other, they are the most direct policy-makers. And to participate in and influence policy formulation also includes the various forces and other roles, such as business, finance, the legal profession, foundations, universities, media and cultural institutions and civil society organizations (women, racial, ethnic groups). David Truman (David Truman) to the most direct decision-makers and voters between the interest groups known as the "middle structure" and to treat them as part of government agencies. "The middle structure, including a large number of interest groups, companies, trade unions, churches, various professional associations, the media, political parties, these organizations between the Government and people betwee n government agencies and people linked bonds. They Neither in a subordinate position, not in a dominant position. This is the diversified structure of the distribution of power in American society an important form of expression. "Xiersiman (Hilsman) more concise explanation, he called the first lap of the Government of Policy makers, political parties and interest groups belong to the second circle of policy makers, the media, political parties and interest groups gain political power Yulungongju. This shows that the United States the formulation of government policy not only confined to government agencies and the top leaders of various social forces and social institutions play an important and decisive role.Therefore, the United States was considered typical of the multi-national democracy, which is well-known political scientist Robert said in the "polyarchy". Pluralist political system is the essential feature of decentralization, or the centre of power in diversification. Power to make all kinds of diverse political forces play a role in the decision making process, they compete for government agencies to exert influence, reflecting the various interests, in a bid to enable the formulation of policies consistent with their needs. [2] concrete expression of political pluralism: (1) American society, there are many powerful interest groups, they can use some effective ways to participate in decision-making process. Official U.S. policy is usually bargaining between the various groups and the result of a compromise. (2) all major groups in a relative balance of power and mutual constraints, and no one group is powerful enough to dominate other groups. (3) the balance of power between the various groups of a democratic society, natural state.FrameU.S. federal, state and local government outlinedU.S. government system began in 1776, initially only a concept based on freedom and democracy in the trial. However, history has proven that it is a very dynamic and adaptive system.Often referred to as the United States is a democracy, but, more precisely, the United States is the implementation of the federal constitutional republican (constitutional federal republic). "Constitutional" ( "constitutional") is the U.S. government is the establishment of the constitution on the basis of this"constitution" is the country's highest law ─ ─ not only determine the structure of federal and state governments, and established the government's authority. "Federation" ( "federal") system embodied in the United States by a national government and state government composed of 50. "Republican" ( "republic") is a means by the people in power, but by the elected representatives of the ruling regime. The operation of the U.S. political systemIt seems that some people in the United States system of government seems to be simple and straightforward: Congress enacted the law, the president implemented the law. But look closely you can see that in fact this is a much more complex with the interaction and the system of checks and balances.As a Republic, the U.S. government is in the fundamental power of the hands of the people. The people through regular at the president, members of Congress and state and local government officials of the election exercise of power. Elected officials and his team for the formulation of policies and laws, and is responsible for the daily operation of government."As far as I know, Social highest authority in charge of the most reliable person can only be the people themselves." - Thomas Jefferson (Thomas Jefferson), in 1820 the role of the Constitution "Constitution of the United States of America" (The US Constitution) was born in 1788, is the blueprint for the United States system of government. It provided by the three branches of government (legislative, executive and judicial), and determine their powers and working methods. "Constitution" one of the most important features is the creation of the separation of powers system of checks and balances so that one branch of government are the other two branches have some kind of binding. For example, the judicial branch of the Supreme Court by the executive branch to the President's appointment of the next legislative branch must also be approved by the Senate. Similarly, the Supreme Court to overturn enacted by Congress and the president signed the law. Such checks and balances between the government of any one sector can not be absolute power.Since the Government can only exercise its "constitution" under the specific powers, "constitution" for the people's rights and powers provided an important protection. Collectively, the "bill of rights" (Bill of Rights) of the "constitution" before the 10 amendments to protect all Americans the right to freedom, including freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of religion, free from unwarranted searches, as well as the right to trial by jury And so on."Constitution" as the fundamental law countries, governments at all levels of the legislative and executive powers are binding. Whether any laws or legal provisions, as long as the court decision was contrary to the "Constitution" and will fail. In this respect the Supreme Court has the final say. "Constitution" must be amended by the Senate and House of Representatives two-thirds of Members, and with more than three-quarters of the state's approval to set up. This process very difficult, since the "constitution" was born, there have been only 27 amendments passed, 1800 has only adopted 16 amendments also included.Federal, state and local government relationship between the"Constitution" is not only determined the structure and powers of the federal government, but also to the basic provisions of the state government. At the same time, all states have the state constitution, against the state constitution contains provisions within the local government. Local government refers to cities, counties, towns or school district and special district government. Local governments responsible for the management of local natural resources or transport system.The federal government the powers and duties ranging from "America the Constitution" limit. Belongs to the federal government's powers include: interstate trade, defense, Mint, immigration andnaturalization, and signed treaties with foreign countries.However, as time development, the "constitution" be in line with the changing times and explained that the federal government's power also will be changed. By the federal government and state government to develop some funding from federal, state laws and the implementation of the project. Such areas of cooperation include: education, social welfare, housing subsidies and nutrition, homeland security, traffic and emergency operations. These projects subject to the federal operation.Such cooperation so that the federal government has an impact on the ability of the state government. For example, in the 1970s, the federal government hoped that by reducing the highway speed limit on the maximum to reduce energy consumption. However, the federal government is not through direct legislation to achieve this goal, but that the non-state automatically reduce the speed of the state, will not be provided by the Federal Highway project funds. In addition, in many cases, the state government to obtain federal funding for its highway projects must also provide some funding.The local government structure and powers established by the state constitution. As the provisions of the state government may not be inconsistent with federal law, local governments by the state constitution and legal constraints.MediaIn the United States, the media is in private hands, not subject to government review. Independent newspapers, magazines, television, radio and other forms of media in the United States have a profound traditional, they published all kinds of criticism and support the government policy point of view.The media of public policy at least three important effects. First, in a wide range of policy makers always under the supervision of the news media. Government officials know that their words and deeds almost - even in private - could open by the media, they are not willing to take the public should not be decisions or actions.Second, the facts reported by the media and independent analysis of public policy to allow the public informed.Third, the media for publication and broadcasting sector (including readers and listeners) to provide a comment, then the forum can influence others, for example, many large newspapers published with the support of a candidate to run for office in an editorial or a policy of contributing褒贬The article.Three of the role of the media - will be government officials of exposure to the public informed and strive to support a particular candidate or policy - the public can have a direct impact on decision-making, can also be created based on public opinion in the decision-making indirectly Impact.。
美国政治体制英文版介绍
The House of Representatives 众议 院
1 Composition :about 340 senator 2.The speaker : election by themselves 3.Tenure: 2 years 1at least 25 years old 4.The qualification: 2 ） 7 years’ American citizenship
2 Three Branches of Government
•The legislative branch立法 •The executive branch执行 •The judicial branch （司法）
•The Senate—参议院 •The House of Representatives—众 议院
The Democratic Party
• Thomas Jefferson • the DemocraticRepublic Party • the dominant political party in the US from
1800s until the 1820s
The Republican Party
• Abraham Lincoln , 1854 • to keep slavery from spreading to other
parts of the country • The party presided over the American
Civil War
The Origin of Donkey and Elephant
•Congress's main function is to make laws
英文介绍美国的三权分立制度
The separation of power and the system of checks-and—balances in USAIt is known to us that the political system vary from country to country depending on its different national condition，such as the constitutional monarchy of UK and the People's Congress system of China, the separation of power of US。
During this discussion，we will talk about the how the American government works under the idea of separation of power which is associated with the checks and balances system。
According to the U.S。
Constitution declared that the government was divided into three different branches including a legislative, an executive and a judiciary，in accordance with the idea of separation of power. This idea was created because that Americans did not want these powers to be controlled by just one man or one group。
They were afraid that if a small group received too much power，the United States would wind up under the rule of another dictator or tyrant。
美国的政治制度的英文作文
美国的政治制度的英文作文下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成，希望大家下载以后，能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。
文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!The political system of the United States is a complex and multi-layered one. It is a federal republic, which means that power is divided between a central governmentand individual states. The country operates under a systemof checks and balances, with three branches of government: the executive, legislative, and judicial.The executive branch is headed by the President, who is both the head of state and the head of government. The President is elected to a four-year term and is responsible for carrying out and enforcing the laws passed by Congress. The President also has the power to veto legislation, command the military, and make treaties with other countries.The legislative branch is made up of the Congress,which is divided into two chambers: the Senate and the House of Representatives. Members of the Senate serve six-year terms, while members of the House serve two-year terms.Congress is responsible for making laws, declaring war, and overseeing the budget and finances of the government.The judicial branch is headed by the Supreme Court, which is the highest court in the land. The justices of the Supreme Court are appointed for life and are responsiblefor interpreting the Constitution and ensuring that laws are applied fairly and in accordance with the principles of justice.In addition to the three branches of government, the United States also has a system of political parties that play a significant role in the political process. The two main political parties are the Democratic Party and the Republican Party, and they compete in elections at all levels of government.The political system of the United States is characterized by a high degree of political participation and a strong emphasis on individual rights and freedoms. The country has a long history of democratic governance and has served as a model for many other countries around theworld. Despite its complexities and challenges, thepolitical system of the United States remains a vibrant and dynamic force in the world today.。
高中英语 精华双语文章 美国政体--两制素材
高中精华双语文章：美国政体--两制美国政治体制是两制的典型范例。
在美国社会里，民主和共和是最大和最有竞争力的组织。
两制坚实地扎根于美国政治中，这种制度自动的产生了多数。
由于派的分歧不是根本的，即使在两个控制不同部门时，政府工作仍然能够进行。
The American Political System--Two Party System美国政体--两制No one now living in the United States can remember when the contest began between the Democratic and the Republican parties. It has been going on for more than a century, making it one of the oldest political rivalries in the world.现在生活在美国的人没人能记起民主和共和之间的竞争是什么时候开始的。
这种竞争进行了一个多世纪，是世界上最早的政治竞争之一。
The American political system is a classical example of the two-party system. When we say that we have a two-party system in the United States we do not mean that we have only two parties. Usually about a dozen parties nominate presidential candidates. We call it a two-party system because we have two large parties and a number of small parties, and the large parties are so large that we often forget about the rest. Usually the small parties collectively poll less than 5 per cent of the vote cast in national elections.美国的政治体制是两制的典型范例。
英文介绍美国的三权分立制度
The separation of power and the system of checks-and-balances in USAIt is known to us that the political system vary from country to country depending on its different national condition, such as the constitutional monarchy of UK and the People's Congress system of China, the separation of power of US. During this discussion, we will talk about the how the American government works under the idea of separation of power which is associated with the checks and balances system. According to the U.S. Constitution declared that the government was divided into three different branches including a legislative, an executive and a judiciary, in accordance with the idea of separation of power. This idea was created because that Americans did not want these powers to be controlled by just one man or one group. They were afraid that if a small group received too much power, the United States would wind up under the rule of another dictator or tyrant.Separation of powers is a political doctrine originating in the writings of Montesquieu in "The Spirit of the Laws" where he urged for a constitutional government with three separate branches of government. Each of the three branches would have defined powers to check the powers of the other branches. This idea was called separation of powers. This philosophy heavily influenced the writing of the United States Constitution. The legislative, executive, and judicial branches of the United States government are kept distinct in order to prevent abuse of power. The United State’s form of separation of powers is associated with a system of checks and balances.How does the United States do when putting the idea of separation of power into practice? Which department is responsible for the legislative, executive, and judicial work respectively? In fact, in USA, the legislative is headed by Congress; the executive branch headed by the President and judicial branches headed by the Supreme Court. If we have to use very simple words to describe the work of these three branches, it can be summarized as follow: the Legislative Branch makes the law; the Executive Branch enforces and carries out the laws; The Judicial Branch interprets the laws. Each branch of the government have particular powers, it will be introduced followed.The President, who is responsible for the Executive Branch carries out federal laws and recommends new ones, directs national defense and foreign policy, and performs ceremonial duties. The main powers include:May veto lawsdealing with international powers,cting as chief law enforcement officer,directing government, commanding the Armed Forces,---------------------------------------------------------精品文档Wages war at the direction of Congress (Congress makes the rules for the military)Makes decrees or declarations (for example, declaring a state of emergency)promulgates lawful regulations and executive ordersAppoints judges and executive department headsHas power to grant pardons to convicted persons, except in cases of impeachment The Legislative Branch is headed by the Congress, which includes the House of Representatives and the Senate. The main task of these two bodies is to make the laws. Its main powers include：Writes and enacts lawsEnacts taxes, authorizes borrowing, and sets the budget.Has sole power to declare war.May start investigations, especially against the executive branch.The Senate considers presidential appointments of judges and executive department heads.The Senate ratifies treaties.The House of Representatives may impeach, and the Senate may remove, executive and judicial officers.Sets up federal courts except the Supreme Court, and sets the number of justices on the Supreme Court.May override presidential vetoes.originating spending bills (House),impeach officials (Senate), and approve treaties (Senate).Headed by the Supreme Court, Judicial branch has the final right to interpret the law, that is to say, once the Supreme Court defines the law, the other different debates will be ineffective. The main powers of the Supreme Court include:interpreting the Constitution,reviewing lawsdecide cases involving states' rights.Determines which laws Congress intended to apply to any given caseDetermines whether a law is unconstitutionalDetermines how Congress meant the law to apply to disputesDetermines how a law acts to determine the disposition of prisonersDetermines how a law acts to compel testimony and the production of evidenceDetermines how laws should be interpreted to assure uniform policies in a top-down fashion via the appeals process, but gives discretion in individual cases to low-level judges. (The amount of discretion depends upon the standard of review, determined by the type of case in question.)Polices its own members---------------------------------------------------------精品文档Not only does each branch of the government have particular powers each branch has certain powers over the other branches. This is done to keep them balanced and to prevent one branch form ever gaining too much power, which practices the system of checks-and-balances. This can be shown in the some aspects:1.Weather a law is passed or not decided by the CongressThe House and Senate may pass a law that the President does not like. The President can veto the law but the Congress override the video requiring 2/3 vote of both houses.2.The Supreme Court can decide weather the President or the Congress is unconstitutional.If The House and Senate pass a law, the President signs it, but the Supreme Court decides it is unconstitutional, they can strike down the law.3.The appointment of the Judges for the Supreme Course is decided by both the President and the CongressThe President nominates Judges for the Supreme Court; the US Senate must approve the Judge nominated before he can serve.4.The Judges of Supreme Court can be removed by the CongressSupreme Court judges have life terms. But they can be impeached.5.The Congress can veto the proposals of the President and the can reject it again, but it was decided by the Congress.As we can see there are many ways (there are many more than listed) that the Constitution balances power. The picture below shows us clearly how does the three branch of the American government restrict each other mutually, for each branch has certain powers over the other branches.There are some definite examples to show how the system of checks-and-balances operates:1.After the Civil War President Andrew Johnson vetoed over 20 bills.2.After the Civil War Congress overrode over 20 Presidential vetoes!3.In1987 President Ronald Reagan appointed Judge Robert Bork to the Supre me Court, his nomination was defeated.4.In 1935 and 1936 the Supreme Court declared the NIRA and then the AAA (two New Deal programs passed during the Roosevelt administration) unconstitutional.5. 1918 Congress refused to ratify the Treaty of V ersailles, a peace treaty ending World War I that President Wilson had worked very hard on.There are thousands of examples of checks and balances at work. Real life conflicts that test the system have occurred throughout history. These checks and balances are used on a regular basis.Actually, in theory, the political system of China is in some way similar to the system of checks-and-balances. The National People's Congress has legislative power, but are not administrative. The Judicial departments enforce law independently. And the ---------------------------------------------------------精品文档government has only the administration without prejudice to the legislative and judicial. However, there are many differences in the specific institutional and practical implementation. In China, the party lead all and sometimes the People's Congress is also Party secretary. Therefore the system of checks-and-balances is not fully implemented in China, while in US, this system is really the guide when the government works, for each branch has certain powers over the other branches and the three branch of the American government restrict each other mutually. Conclusion.During this discussion, we learn it is the separation of power that is the main principles on which American federal government is based, the different powers of the three branches and use a lot of examples to explain how the three branches affect each other to show the system of checks-and-balances operating in USA. All in our groups believe that the idea of separation and the system of checks-and-balances do have contributed a lot to the development of America as main principle when the government operates.---------------------------------------------------------精品文档。
美国政治制度概况
美国政治制度概况Political institution（政治制度）1．The American Constitution is the oldest written constitution in the world. It was draw up in 1787 and went into effect in 1789.美国宪法是世界上最早的成文宪法，它起草于1787年，生效于1789年。
2．In 1787,Congress called for a meeting of delegate from all the states to revise the Articles of Confederation.1787年，国会召开各州代表参加的大会，主要目的是修改有明显缺点的《联邦条款》。
3．The government is divided into three branched: the legislative ,the executive ,and the judicial. Each branch has part of the powers but not all the power.美国政府被分为3部分：立法机构，行政机构和司法机构。
4．In either case, amendments must have the approval of three-fourths of the states before they enter into force.有两种情可以提出修改宪法条款，但不管是哪种，修正案必须经过3/4的批准才能生效。
5．The President of the U.S is the head of the executive branch and the head of the state elected by the whole nation. The Constitution requires the President to be a natural-born American citizen at least 35 years of age. The president election was held every 4 years .宪法规定总统必须是美国本土出生的美国公民，至少年满35岁，总统选举每四年举行一次。
美国政治 英文版
• The Republican Party—conservative; • Favor an economic system—giving enterprises a greater freedom and demand the government to control inflation; • Stress the need for law and order; • Oppose complete governmental social programs and free choice of abortion; • Favor a strong military posture and assertive stands in international relations.
Representatives (congressman)
435 seats totally, they are divided among states according to their population 2 years
Hale Waihona Puke The SenateSenators
100 in total and each state has 2 seats 6 years ( 1/3 of them are re-elected every 2 years
16 departments
Members are appointed by president with the approval of the Senate..
美国政治党派英文介绍
– Parties need to find viable candidates for a whole range of elected positions at the federal and state level – Obstacles to recruitment include:
Birth of the Modern Democratic Party
– 1824 Election the Republican Party splits, when Andrew Jackson leaves party to form own Republicans change name to National Republicans Jackson wing becomes the Democratic Party
American Political Parties
Overview
• • • • • • Definition Functions Evolution of the American Party System The Two Party System Party Organization Campaign Finance
• This is the same Democratic Party we have today
– – –
1828 Jackson wins, National Republicans rename themselves Whigs
issues: “popular” democracy, federal power base: Dems - rural/south, Whigs: north, urban
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
4. Major Parties
• The Democratic Party民主党 • The Republican Party共和党
The Democratic Party
• Thomas Jefferson • the Democratic-Republic Party • the dominant political party in the US from 1800s until the 1820s
The SenaБайду номын сангаасe—参议院
position : 100 senator 2.The speaker :vice president 3.Tenure :6 years 4.The qualification: 1） at least 30 years old 2） 9 years’ American citizenship 3） local person
2.Three Branches of Government • The legislative branch(立法) • The executive branch（执行） • The judicial branch （司法）
• The Senate—参议院 • The House of Representatives—众 议院 • Congress's main function is to make laws.
The Republican Party
• Abraham Lincoln , 1854 • to keep slavery from spreading to other parts of the country • The party presided over the American Civil War
英语1204张灵芝
1. System of government of US • Federalism • there is a federal or national government. • there are individual states, each with its own government.
The Origin of Donkey and Elephant
Democratic donkey
Republican elephant
• headed by the President • administers the laws
• interprets the laws • makes sure that new laws are in keeping with the Constitution
3.Constitution • A constitution is a set of rules for a country. It defines how the country should be run and how new rules should be made.
The House of Representatives 众议院
position :about 340 senator 2.The speaker : election by themselves 3.Tenure: 2 years 1）at least 25 years old 4.The qualification: 2 ） 7 years’ American citizenship 3） local person