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Lean Sigma Glossary / Abbreviation List

Acronym Definition Description

α Alpha The maximum risk or probability of

making a Type I Error. This probability

is always greater than zero and is usually

established at 5%. The researcher makes

the decisions to the greatest level of risk

that is acceptable for a rejection of Ho. β Beta The risk or probability of making a Type

II Error, or overlooking an effective

treatment or solution to the problem.

μ Population mean Symbol used to describe the average for

an entire population

σ Population standard deviation Symbol used for standard deviation of

entire population. Measure of the

spread of the process (width of the

distribution).

% R & R Gage % Repeatability and Reproducibility Addresses what percent of the Total

Variation is taken up by measurement

error.

Affinity Diagram A management tool that assists with

general planning. It makes disparate

language information understandable by

placing it on cards and grouping the cards

together in a creative manner. "Header"

cards are used to summarize each group. ANOVA Analysis of Variance Hypothesis test used to analyze the

difference in means between two or more

samples.

Assessment A systematic process of collecting and

analyzing data to determine the current,

historical or projected status of an

organization.

Assignable Cause The name for the source of variation in a

process that is not due to chance and

therefore can be identified and

eliminated.

Audit "The inspection and examination of a

process or quality system to ensure

compliance to requirements. Audit can

apply to an entire organization or be

specific to a function or production step."

(Dr. Joseph M. Juran)

Baseline Measurement A beginning point based on an evaluation

of the output over a period of time to

determine how the process performs

prior to any improvement effort.

Benchmarking The process of finding and adapting best

performance.

Best Practice A superior method or innovative practice

that contributes to improved

performance.

BB Black Belt A process improvement project team

leader who is trained and certified in the

Six Sigma breakthrough methodology

and tools and who is responsible for

project execution.

Boxplot "A graphic summary of a distribution

where the overall dispersion and the

central tendency or mean of the data are

highlighted." (Arturo Onnias)

Brainstorming An idea-generating technique that uses

group interaction to generate many ideas

in a short time period. Ideas are solicited

in a non-judgmental, unrestricted

manner from all members of a group.

Designates a process step that the

business requires to stay in business.

Capability The total range of inherent variation in a

stable process. It is determined using

data from control charts.

Capability index A calculated value used to compare

process variation to a specification.

Examples are Cp, Cpk. Can also be used

to compare processes to each other.

Cause An established reason for the existence of

a defect or a problem.

C/E or C&E Cause and Effect Matrix Prioritization matrix used to assist in

focusing in on the root causes of process

problems.

Central Tendency The tendency of data gathered from a

process to cluster toward a middle value,

somewhere between the high and low

values of measurement.

Champion An upper level business leader who

facilitates the leadership,

implementation, and deployment of the

process quality initiative and

breakthrough philosophies.

Charter A written commitment by management

stating the scope of authority for an

improvement group. Resources,

including time and money, are specifically

addressed.

Checksheet A form for recording data on which the

number of occurrences of an event can