英汉互译中汉语四字结构的应用

英汉互译中汉语四字结构的应用受“中庸”哲学思想的影响，中国人的美学观念中特别强调平衡美，除了大量使用对仗，还大量使用前后两部分并列关系的四字词组，这个结构是汉语一个突出的特点，因为四字结构表意精当、读来琅琅上口，也充分体现了汉语讲求平衡的特征。

然而，译员在进行汉译时也不能刻意追求四字结构的使用，影响目标语质量。

反之，在汉译英中，译员也无须拘泥于来源语，用英文中的形容词、名词或一些特殊结构处理即可。

1大会顺利结束了，但是我们面前的道路是不平坦的，要保持头脑的冷静，形势稍好，尤须兢慎。

居安思危，思则有备，有备无患。

2我们这个国家太大，问题太多、太复杂，这就要求我们这个民族不畏艰险、百折不挠、坚定信心、永远奋斗。

3董先生勤勤恳恳、任劳任怨、敢于承担，表现出对国家、对香港高度负责的精神。

4我们应该牢牢把握中美关系的大局，妥善解决分歧，不断朝着增进了解、扩大共识、发展合作、共创未来的目标前进。

备注：汉语并列的成分用顿号或逗号隔开即可，而英语要用and等。

“so as to..”表示目的，意思是使得目标语逻辑清楚，结构简洁，符合英语的表达习惯。

[汉语并列的四字格在翻译中的补译汉语有时使用并列的四字格使得表达更加紧凑、简洁，而在翻译成英语时就需要添加联接词，显现句子关系，即将有内在联系的句子、短语等用连词、从句、不定式、分词、介词等显现内在关系。

]如何处理口译中的四个字：并列关系，语意重复，目的关系，途径方式，偏正词组，动宾关系，省略意象，条件关系，短语九大类。

名山大川famous mountains and great rivers名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills青山绿水green hills and clear waters奇松怪石strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations平等互利equality and mutual benefit扬长避短play up strengths and avoid weaknesses反腐倡廉fight corruption and build a clean government简政放权streamline administration and institute decentralization集思广益draw on collective wisdom and absorb all useful ideas国泰民安the country flourish and the people live in peace and harmony政通人和the government functions well and people cooperate well国计民生national welfare and the people’s livelihood辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new徇私舞弊bend the law for personal gain and engage in fraud流连忘返linger on with no thought of leaving for home国际局势复杂多变the complex and volatile international situation开拓进取blaze new trails and forge ahead求同存异seek common ground while shelving differences广袤无垠的中华大地the boundless expanse of the Chinese territory高瞻远瞩的决策a visionary/far-sighted decision贯彻落实重大决策carry out/ implement a series of major policy decisions层峦叠嶂peaks rising one after another优胜劣汰survival of the fittest延年益寿prolong one’s life灵丹妙药panacea / miraculous cure长治久安a long period of stability求真务实pragmatic审时度势size up the trend of events招商引资attract investment誉满全球举世闻名world-renowned功在当代，利在千秋in the interest of the current and future generations继往开来，承前启后(continue the past and open up the future ) break new ground for the future 路遥知马力，日久见人心Time will tell.吃的苦中苦，方知甜中甜no sweet without sweat车到山前必有路，船到桥头自然直in the end things mend; there’s always a way out急功近利eager for instant success and quick profits打黑扫黄crack down on gangland and pornography德高望重of high ability and integrity互利互补mutually complementary and beneficial互谅互让mutual understanding and accommodation遵纪守法observe the relevant code of conduct and the law减员增效downsize (and cut payroll) to improve efficiency (for efficiency)退耕还林return cultivated land to forest or pastures集资办学raise money to set up new schools结党营私form cliques for private gain扭亏为盈turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one寓教于乐teach through lively activities因材施教teach students according to their aptitude按劳分配distribution according to performance以商养文support /sponsor cultural activities with the profits from doing business廉洁奉公honestly perform one’s officia l duties环境绿化environmental greening超前消费premature consumption / Over-consume / excessive consumption以强凌弱the strong domineering over the weak以人为本people foremost; People-oriented优势互补complement each other’s advantages自主经营，自负盈亏不进则退no progress simply means regression.瞻前顾后overcautious and indecisive源远流长have a long history呕心沥血spare no efforts画龙点睛bring out the crucial point花天酒地go on the loose中流砥柱mainstay, chief cornerstone鱼米之乡a land of milk and honey世外桃源a haven of peace浩如烟海的文化典籍numerous volumes of literature讲诚信，反欺诈honor credibility and oppose cheating对内搞活，对外开放revitalize domestic economy and open up to the outside world以史为鉴，面向未来drawing lessons from history and being forward-looking解放思想，实事求是emancipate the mind seek truth from facts有理想，有道德，有文化，有纪律Lofty ideals, moral integrity, a better education and a good sense of discipline殚精竭虑，鞠躬尽瘁，不负众望Exert all one’s strength and wisdom and do everything possible to live up to the people’s Expectations completely有法可依，有法必依，执法必严，违法必究There must be laws to go by, the laws must be observed and strictly enforced, and lawbreakers must be prosecuted以身作则，廉洁奉公set a food example by performing duties honestly团结奋斗，开拓创新Making united efforts to work hard through innovations in a pioneering spirit因地制宜，合理分工，各展所长，优势互补，共同发展Proceed in the light of local conditions and in accordance with a national division of labor with all the regions exploiting their own particular advantages for mutual benefit and common development眼前利益服从长远利益，局部利益服从整体利益，个人利益服从集体和国家利益Subordinate immediate interests to long-term interest. Partial interests to overall interests and the interests of individuals to those of collectives and the state一手抓物质文明，一手抓精神文明；一手抓经济建设，一手抓民主法制；一手抓改革开放，一手抓打击犯罪惩治腐败We must always work for both material progress and cultural and ethical progress. We should develop the economy while strengthening democracy and the legal system. We should promote reform and opening to the outside world while fighting crime and punishing corruption.长期共存，互相监督，肝胆相照，荣辱与共Long-term coexistence and mutual supervision, sincere treatment with each other and the sharing of weal and woe增进了解，扩大共识，发展合作，共创未来promote mutual understanding, broaden common ground, develop cooperation to build a future together生于忧患，死于安乐，要居安思危，有备无患one prospers in worries and hardships and perishes in ease and comfort. We must think of danger in times of safety and always be prepared for the worst城乡协调，东西互补，内外交流，上下结合，远近兼顾，松紧适度Coordinating the development of urban and rural areas, east-west interaction, domestic demand plus opening-up efforts, combining central and local initiatives, balancing long-and short-term interests and an appropriate degree of intensity按劳分配制度是劳动价值的市场体现，也是现代劳动最本质的要求。