英美文化考题翻译1-2-3
英美文化口语考试话题
Chapter One: Understanding the Culture of the United States1. Who established the dominant American culture?Immigrants, most immigrants were from northern Europe, and the majority were from England. Their values and traditions became the dominant, traditional culture of the United States.Chapter Two: Traditional American Values and Beliefs2. What are the six traditional American values and beliefs?Individual freedom and self-reliance，equality of opportunity and competition，material wealth and hard work。
Chapter Three: The American Religious Heritage3. What is the most important heritage of Protestantism in the United States?Self-improvement（p54）。
Material success，hard work。
Self-discipline。
Volunteerism and humanitarianism（人道主义）Chapter Three: The American Religious Heritage4. What is the “Protestant work ethic” according to our textbook?The belief in hard work and self-discipline in pursuit of material gain and other goals is often referred to as …the Protestant work ethic‟.(p55 13)Chapter Four: The Frontier Heritage5. What does "frontier" refer to in American history?American macho heroes. Inventiveness and the can-do spirit.Chapter Four: The Frontier Heritage6. What are the two new values derived from the American frontier?Inventiveness and the can-do spirit. (p77)Chapter Four: The Frontier Heritage7. Why did the sale of guns rise after 9/11?How Americans reacted to 911 reveals another legacy of the frontier: Americans‟ willingness to take the law into their own hands to protect themselves and their families. This tendency usually appears when Americans believe the police cannot adequately protect them.Chapter Six: The World of American Business8. Which values are reinforced(加强) in the American business?Individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work.Chapter Seven: Government and Politics in the United States9. What are the three branches of the American government? What are their powers respectively?(p142)Congress is the legislative or lawmaking branch of the government.The president, or chief executive, heads the executive branch, which has responsibility to carry out the laws.The Supreme Court and lower national courts make up the judicial branch. The judicial branch settles disputes about the exact meaning of the law through court cases.Chapter Nine: Education in the United States10. Could you explain the sentence “American universities look for well-rounded students when they admit”?(p195)Grades in high school courses and scores on tests like the sat are very important, but so are the students‟extracurricular activities. It is by participating in these activities that students demonstrate their special talents, their level of maturity and responsibility, their leadership qualities, and their ability to get along with others.。
英 美 文 化 阅读译文
1.英美文化之 American Family 美国家庭「请将火鸡与配料递给我。
」这个简单的请求令你想起什么？如果你是美国人，你会想到感恩节。
对美国人而言，火鸡大餐象征感恩节。
感恩节提醒了美国人哪些事情呢？--他们的家人。
感恩节是家人聚集的时间，在这个节日，家人聚在一起对着火鸡以及鸡腹中的调味材料大快朵颐；家人享受一起看游行、看足球比赛的电视转播以及同聚的时光。
到底家庭对于美国人的意义是什么？传统的美国家庭被称为「核心家庭」。
核心家庭包含了先生、太太和小孩子，今日美国的一般家庭有二个或三个小孩（或者再加上几只宠物）。
在一些文化里，大家庭住在一起，甚至好几代的人同住。
在美国，只有极少的情况下才会有超过一个家庭同住一个屋檐下。
美国人看重对家人回家时热诚的欢迎。
许多家庭用民主政治般的方式来治理，家中每个人都有发言权利，公平观念广泛存在于美国的家庭当中；除了敬畏之情外，孩子们也将父母亲当成好朋友，夫妇经常彼此共同分担家务；许多家庭的孩子在自己的卧室内享有隐私权；孩子们在很小的时候便有理财的责任，他们可能每个礼拜会有零用钱或是出去打工；父母亲常会给孩子们自己做决定的自由，学龄前的孩子可以自己选择穿什衣服或买什么玩具，青年人则可自由选择职业及结婚的对象。
正如许多其它文化一样，美国的家庭也面对许多问题。
社会的压力正将愈来愈多的美国家庭解体。
现在，超过半数以上的婚姻在美国是以离婚做结束；每四个小孩中就有超过一位是由单亲养育长大的，它的结果是造成了许多人相信美国家庭有麻烦了。
即使如此，还是有盼望。
许多机构正努力巩固家庭。
几乎所有的美国人都相信家庭是生命中最重要的一部份。
大多数人也认为传统双亲式的家庭对小孩子是最好的。
他们明白近来家庭生活的问题，已带来了许多严重的结果。
所以，愈来愈多的人将家庭视为第一优先。
许多妇女辞去工作在家陪孩子。
全家人一起渡假或出去玩，丈夫与妻子一起集中心力使婚姻稳固。
联合国已宣布一九九四年为国际家庭年。
英美文化考题翻译
UK Unit 1 The COUNTRY1. Read the following statements carefully and then decide whether they are true or false. Put a “T” if you think the statement is true and an “F” if it is not.United Kingdom and Northern Island is located in northern Europe. ( F )英国和北爱尔兰坐落在北欧。
（注：北爱尔兰是英国的一部分，而英国位于西欧，即Western Europe，是一个岛国）2.The United Kingdom consists of four political divisions ------ England,Scotland, Wales and Ireland. ( F )英国包含四个政治分区，分别是英格兰，苏格兰，威尔士和爱尔兰。
（注：爱尔兰是西欧的一个国家，此处应为“北爱尔兰”即Norther Island，这才是英国的一个地区。
）3.England is one of the two large islands in the British Isles. ( F )英格兰是不列颠群岛上的两个大岛屿之一。
（注：不列颠群岛包括大不列颠岛、爱尔兰岛、马恩岛及附近的5 500多个小岛；英国全称为大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国，有大不列颠岛上的英格兰，苏格兰，威尔士和爱尔兰岛上的北爱尔兰组成。
大不列颠岛和爱尔兰岛才是不列颠群岛上的两个大岛屿，英格兰是大不列颠岛上的岛屿之一。
）4.The British Isles are made up of three large islands and hundreds of smallones. ( F )不列颠群岛由三个大岛屿和许多小岛屿组成。
英美文学考试名词解释和简答（自己整理的）
英美文学考试名词解释和简答（自己整理的）1.The glorious revolution (光荣革命): the overthrow(推翻、瓦解) of king JamesⅡof England takes place in 1688 by a union of parliamentarians with an invading army led by William of Orange who, as a result ascended（上升、登高）the English throne（君主、王权）as William Ⅲ of England. It was also known as White Revolution because it caused no bloodshed(流血、杀戮). It marked the real beginning of the constitutional monarchy in England.2. How did the “Glorious Revolution” break out? What was the significance of it?In 1685 Charles II died and was succeeded by his brother James II. James, who was brought up in exile(流犯）in Europe, was a Catholic; He hoped to rule without giving up his personal religious views. But England was no more tolerant of a Catholic king in 1688 than 40 years. So the English politicians rejected James II, and appealed to a Protestant king, William of Orange, to invade and take the English throne. William landed in England in 1688. The takeover was relatively smooth, with no bloodshed, no any execution of the king. This was known as the Glorious Revolution. William and his wife Mary were both Protestants and became co-monarchs. They accepted the Bill of Rights. It’s the beginning of the age of constitutional monarchy.2.Great charter (大宪章): Known as the Great Charter, it was the first famous political document to limit the king’s powers in English history. It was signed in 1215 by King John at a conference at Runnymede（兰尼米德）, an island in the Thames River four miles downstream （下游的、顺流而下的）from Windsor（温莎）. It containsaltogether 63 clauses（条款）, among which the most important ones are: no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council（天庭会议）; no freeman should be arrested, imprisoned, or deprived（缺乏教育的）of his property except by the law of the land;没有大议会批准不准征税；不得随意逮捕，拘禁自由民，不依照土地法不得剥夺其财产；The king must promise to observe the rights of his vassals（诸侯、封臣）and the vassals in turn must observe the rights of their men, and the king also should permit merchants to move about freely and should observe the privileges of the various towns. 2. Comments: The great charter was the first step of constitutional experiment. It tried to establish a legal relation between the king and his barons by defining their respective rights and obligations. The great charter made it possible for the new-born bourgeoisie to enter into politics because it granted some power to the great council which was the embryonic form of the English parliament. The great charter protected the rights of the merchant class. This facilitated（促进）the development of commerce and handcraft. (It was arguably the most significant early influence on the extensive historical process that led to rule of constitutional law today in the English speaking world.)3.Monarch: In law, the monarch has many supreme powers, but in practice, the real power of monarch has been solely（单独的，唯一的）onthe advice of her ministers. She reigns but does not rule（统而不治）. The real power lies in the parliament, or to be exact, in the House of Commons. 2. The monarch actually has no real power. The monarch’s power is limited by law and parliament. The monarch symbolizes the tradition and unity of the British state, have a weekly chat with the Prime Minister, and to giveRoyal Assent to Bills passed by Parliament.(对议会通过的法案给予御准)4.The presidential elections: The general election, held on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November in each election year, is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage, states elect their presidential electors. The number of presidential electors for each state is equal to the total number of its representatives in congress plus two senators. The total number of presidential electors for the nation is 538, with 3 from Washington D.C. I n the second stage (十二月的第三个星期一) the electors meet to elect the president. (electoral college)5.Ivy League（常春藤高校联盟）: It was founded in 1954, an athletic conference comprising eight private institutions（体系）of higher education in the Northern United States. The term is most commonly used to refer to those eight schools considered as a group and also has connotations(含义) of academic excellence, selectivity in admissions, and social elitism（精英主义）.常春藤名校联盟：Brown University (布朗大学), Columbia University, Cornell University（康奈尔大学）,Dartmouth College（达特茅斯大学）, Harvard University, Princeton University（普林斯顿大学）, University of Pennsylvania （宾夕法尼亚大学）, Yale University6.Pilgrim Father (开国元勋): In September, 1620, a group of 101 puritans and some employees left Plymouth, England, and sailed for America in the ship named Mayflower. They founded the colony of Plymouth (普利茅斯) in New England. So these early puritans in New England were called the pilgrim father.7.New deal: 1. The New Deal included the following contents;(1) establishment and strengthening of government regulation and control of banking, credit and currency systems,overcoming the financial crisis and restriction of certain extreme practices of financial capital;(2) federal government management of relief and establishment of social security system such as the formation of the Civilian Conservation Crops and the setting-up of the Tennessee Valley Authority(田纳西州流域管理局);(3) Stimulation of the recovery of industry and agriculture;(4) formulation and implementation of federal labor laws to raise the role of labor in the relations of production; 2. Comments on the new deal: Roosevelt’s new deal was an American type of social reforms which was based on the new concept that the government was responsible for the healthy development of national economy and social security, and that the growth of production could be maintained only if the great body of the consumers could continue to purchase its output. No economy could develop if it was beset by overproduction and large stockpiles（库存）. To achieve balanced development, the new deal increased government interference n the nation’s economic life, strengthening the trend towards big government. (The New Deal----In order to deal with the Depression, President Franklin Roosevelt put forward the New Deal program. It passed a lot of New Deal laws and set up many efficient social security systems. The New Deal helped to save American democracy and the development of American economy)8.Domesday Book (英国土地制度): It is a book compiled by a gr oup of clerks under the sponsorship of King William. The book w as in fact a property record. It was the result of a general survey of land resources. It was one of the important measures adopted by William I to establish the full feudal system in England9.Norman Conquest----The Norman Conquest of 1066 isperhaps the best-known event in English history. William landed his arm y in Oct, 1066 and defeated King Harold. Then he was crowned king of England on Christmas Day the same year. He established a strong Norman government and the feudal system in Engl and. 结果：（William confiscated almost all the land and gave i t to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rule wi th a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established in England. Relations with the Continent were opened, and civilization and commerce were extended. Norman-French culture, language, manners, and architecture were been introduced. The church was brought into closer connection with Rome, and the church courts were separated from the civil cour ts.）原因：（It was said that king Edward had promised the En glish throne to William but the Witan chose Harold as king. So William led his army to invade England. In October 1066, duri ng the important battle of Hastings, William defeated Harold and killed him. On Christmas Day, William was crowned king ofEngland, thus beginning the Norman Conquest of England.）10.Public school：(1) It is a kind of independent privately-owned secondary boarding schools in Britain. (2) These schools are financially supported by tuition fees and private funds.（3）Public schools have their own characteristics and strict rules. (4) These schools focus their attention on developing pupils’ minds as well as bodies.11.Roman invasion: The Roman first invaded Britain in 55BC.Itwas not until AD43 that they eventually conquered the Celts liv ing in what is today England and Wales. The Roman occupatio n of Britain lasted for 400 years, but it was never a total occu pation. British recorded history begins with the Roman invasion.。
英美文化英语考试知识点
英美文化英语考试知识点1英国地理1. The full name of the United Kingdom is The United Kingdom of Great Britain and the Northern Ireland.英国的全称是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国2. The island of Great Britain is made up of England, Scotland and Wales.大不列颠岛由英格兰,苏格兰和威尔士3. UK consists of 4 parts England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.英国由4部分组成英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰4. The most densely populated area: England.人口最密集的地区:英国The least populated area: Northern Ireland.人口最少的面积:北爱尔兰5.Britain is now a Multiracial society which produces a population of which 1 in 20 are of non-European ethnicity.英国现在是一个多种族社会生产人口的1在20个非欧洲的种族6. The highest mountain in Britain is Ben Nevis最高的山在英国是本尼维斯山.7. London is the political, commercial, cultural center of UK. Scenic spots in London are The London Eye, Big Ben, Tower Bridge, Waterloo Bridge, Trafalgar Square, ST Paul’s.伦敦是政治、商业、文化中心的英国。
英美社会与文化试题参考答案（仅供参考）
1.what are the general features of Britain`s independent schools？An independent school in the United Kingdom is a school relying upon private sources for all of its funding, predominantly in the form of school fees. In England and Wales the term public school is often used to refer to what is normally called in other countries a "private" school, a term which originally referred to those schools named in the Public Schools Act 1868. These schools themselves tend to prefer the term "independent school".2.why is the United States regarded as a "melting pot" and a "salad"？The melting pot is a metaphor for a heterogeneous society becoming more homogeneous, the different elements "melting together" into a harmonious whole with a common culture. It is particularly used to describe the assimilation of immigrants to the United States; the melting-together metaphor was in use by the 1780s.After 1970 the desirability of assimilation and the melting pot model was challenged by proponents of multiculturalism, who assert that cultural differences within society are valuable and should be preserved, proposing the alternative metaphor of the salad bowl –different cultures mix, but remain distinct.3.why did America change its policy and enter world war two?Because the Great Depression lead a worldwide warfare crisis . But in the face of the Warfare crisis，the thinking of isolationism and anthropocentrism filled the society of America,most of American pay no attention on the war of other countries. It was until March of 1941 when the warfare fo west Europe is become incandescent the Capitol Hill adopt the Act of Lease. This marked US was no longer neutral state but a member of Allies. Than the Pearl Harbor incident finally made the United States enter The World War II on the side of the Allies.4.what were Nixon's well-known contributions during his presidency?Nixon is noted for his diplomatic foreign policy, especially with the Soviet Union and China, and his efforts to end the Vietnam War. He is also noted for his middle-of-the-road domestic policy that combined conservative rhetoric and, in many cases, liberal action, as in his environmental policy.As president, Nixon imposed wage and price controls, indexed Social Security for inflation, and created Supplemental Security Income. The number of pages added to the Federal Register each year doubled under Nixon. He advocated gun control, reduced speed limits, and eradicated the last remnants of the gold standard. Nixon created the Environmental Protection Agency and Occupational Safety and Health Administration and implemented the Philadelphia Plan, the first significant federal affirmative action program.5.what was the cause of the American civil war?1. Economic and social differences between the North and the South.2. States versus federal rights3. The fight between Slave and Non-Slave State Proponents.4. Growth of the Abolition Movement.5. The election of Abraham Lincoln.6.what are the two characteristics of the U.S construction?the Statue of Liberty The Capitol7.what are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively? Senator:1) each senator must be at least 30 years old, 2) must have been a citizen of the United States for at least the past nine years, and 3) must be (at the time of the election) an inhabitant ofthe state he or she seeks to represent.Each representative must: (1) be at least twenty-five years old; (2) have been a citizen of the United States for the past seven years; and (3) be (at the time of the election) an inhabitant of the state they represent.8.what are the Major powers of the supreme court?The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States, and leads the federal judiciary. It consists of the Chief Justice of the United States and eight Associate Justices, who are nominated by the President and confirmed with the "advice and consent" of the Senate. Justices serve "during good Behaviour," which terminates at death, resignation, retirement, or conviction on impeachment. The Court meets in Washington, D.C. in the United States Supreme Court building. The Supreme Court is primarily an appellate court, but has original jurisdiction in a small number of cases.9.how does an American university choose its applicants?It will through some aspects：transcript，academic performance，extra-curricular achievements，personnel，inherence，artistic skills10.what are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving, or Thanksgiving Day, is a traditional North American holiday, which is a form of harvest festival. The date and whereabouts of the first Thanksgiving celebration is a topic of modest contention, though the earliest attested Thanksgiving celebration was on September 8, 1565 in what is now Saint Augustine, Florida. Despite any scholarly research to the contrary, however, the traditional "first Thanksgiving" presented by Chief Massasoit is venerated as having occurred at the site of Plymouth Plantation, in 1621.11.what is the essence of American puritanism?1，puritanism is a strict religious doctrine.2, puritanism also has practical aspects. Puritans have to work hard, and prepare for the obstacles they will meet in their life.American puritanism contains origional sin, predestination,total depravity，limited atonement of God's grace12.what is the lost generation?The Lost Generation is a term used to refer to a collective group of artists and writers who settled in Europe in the wake of the First World War. Members of the Lost Generation lived in Europe in the 1920s and early 1930s, and they had a profound impact on society and the arts. This generation is referred to as “lost” not because it has faded from memory, but because the individuals in the Lost Generation often expressed a sense of emotional confusion, feeling lost in their own society.13.what are the characteristics of American writing during the romantic period? reaction against logic and reason; antiscientific in its bent; faith in something inherently good and transcendent in the human spirit in no need of salvation, but rather in need of awakening..."In this romantic period, writers put more emphasis on moral enthusiasm, and their masterpieces were full of passion, emotion, fancy and imagination. They also had a faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perception, they displayed personalities, express feelings and ideas, emphasize men’s rights for freedom and happiness.For their part human nature is of good will. Men can learn the world through their own ability, conscience and intuition. The romantic showed a deep admiration and love for nature. Theypraised America’s landscape of its primitive forests, meadows, vast plains, seas and blue oceans. The beauty and perfection of nature could enable them to have unutterable joy and exuberance. And nature was regarded as a source of goodness while man’s societies a source of corruption. Writers like Freneau, Cooper and Bryant took a great interest in external nature in their respective works.14.state the background for the American civil rights movement.The Civil Rights Movement in the United States has been a long, primarily nonviolent struggle to bring full civil rights and equality under the law to primarily African American citizens of United States. There have been many movements on behalf of other groups in the U.S. over time, but the term is often used to refer to the struggles between 1955 and 1968 to end discrimination against African-Americans and to end racial segregation, especially in the U.S. South. See African American for information on how various terms have been used at that time period for African Americans.15.make comments on women's liberation movement.The changes women worked for included changes in economic practices, such as not only asking equal work, but also equal opportunity for jobs in fields such as science and technology, management and politics.They wanted changes in social practices and attitudes which would acknowledge that women were not inferior to men in intelligence or abilityLegal segregation ended in the South as a result of the civil rights movement.The women's movement continues to gain more rights and opportunities for women.The social movements of the 1960s had a strong effect on the way people think and caused changes in many laws.16.what is the lvy league?name at least 4 of its members.The Ivy League is an athletic conference comprising eight private institutions of higher education in the Northeastern United States. The term is most commonly used to refer to those eight schools considered as a group. The term also has connotations of academic excellence, selectivity in admissions, and a reputation for social elitism.Brown UniversityHarvard UniversityYale UniversityColumbia University。
英美文学名词中英互译2
2. Alliteration:The repetition of the initial consonant sounds in poetry..10. Anapest抑抑扬: It’s made up of two unstressed and one stressed syllables, with the two unstressed ones in front.12 Antithesis:(a figure of speech) The balancing of two contrasting ideas, words phrases, or sentences. An antithesis is often expressed in a balanced sentence, that is, a sentence in which identical or similar grammatical structure is used to express contrasting ideas.17.Assonance(半韵, 半谐音元音相同而辅音不同的韵, 如late与make): The repetition of similar vowel sounds, especially in poetry. Assonance is often employed to please the ear or emphasize certain sounds.19. Autobiography(自传；自传文学): A person’s account of his or her own life. An autobiography is generally written in narrative form and includes some introspection.21.Ballad stanza （民谣体诗节）: A type of four-line stanza. The first and third lines have four stressed words or syllables; the second and fourth lines have three stresses. Ballad meter is usually iambic. The number of unstressed syllables in each line may vary. The second and fourth lines rhyme.29.Classicism（古典主义）: A movement or tendency in art, literature, or music that reflects the principles manifested in the art of ancient Greece and Rome. Classicism emphasizes the traditional and the universal, and places value on reason, clarity, balance, and order. Classicism, with its concern for reason and universal themes, is traditionallyopposed to Romanticism, whichis concerned with emotions andpersonal themes.32. Conceit（奇喻，妙喻）: A kind of metaphorthat makes a comparison betweentwo startlingly different things. Aconceit may be a brief metaphor,but it usually provides theframework for an entire poem. Anespecially unusual and intellectualkind of conceit is themetaphysical conceit.35.Consonance: The repetition ofsimilar consonant sounds in themiddle or at the end of words.36.Couplet（双行体、双偶体）: Twoconsecutive（[kən'sekjutiv] 连续不断的；连贯的）lines of poetrythat rhyme. A heroic couplet is aniambic pentameter couplet.37Critical Realism:The criticalrealism of the 19th centuryflourished in the fouties and in thebeginning of fifties. The realistsfirst and foremost set themselvesthe task of criticizing capitalistsociety from a democraticviewpoint and delineated thecrying contradictions of bourgeoisreality. But they did not find away to eradicate（根除，根绝；消灭）social evils.42. Diction（措词）: A writer’s choice of words,particularly for clarity,effectiveness, and precision.47.Enlightenment（启蒙主义）:With the advent of the 18thcentury, in England, as in otherEuropean countries, there spranginto life a public movementknown as the Enlightenment. TheEnlightenment on the whole, wasan expression of struggle of thethen progressive class ofbourgeois against feudalism. Theinequality, stagnation, prejudicesand other survivals of feudalism.The attempt to place all branchesof science at the service ofmankind by connecting them withthe actual deeds and requirementsof the people.48Epic（史诗）: Along narrative poem telling aboutthe deeds of a great hero andreflecting the values of the societyfrom which it originated. Manyepics were drawn from an oraltradition and were transmitted bysong and recitation before theywere written down.65.Foot（音步）: It is a rhythmic unit, aspecific combination of stressedand unstressed syllables.67.FreeVerse（自由诗：不受格律约束的）: V erse that has either nometrical pattern or an irregularpattern.69. Iamb（抑扬格）: It isthe most commonly used foot inEnglish poetry, in which anunstressed syllable comes first,followed by a stressed syllable.70.Iambic pentameter（抑扬格五音步）: A poetic line consisting offive verse feet, with each foot aniamb—that is, an unstressedsyllable followed by a stressedsyllable. Iambic pentameter is themost common verse line inEnglish poetry.71. Image（意象）:We usually think with words,many of our thoughts come to usas pictures or imagined sensationsin our mind. Such imaginedpictures or sensations are calledimages.73.Imagism（意象派：1912年前后源于英美，主张主题和形式摆脱因袭之风）: It’s apoetic movement of England andthe U.S. flourished from 1909 to1917.The movement insists on thecreation of images in poetry by“the direct treatment of the thing” and the economy of wording. The leaders of this movement were Ezra Pound and Amy Lowell. Lost Generation（迷惘的一代）: This term has been used again and again to describe the people of the postwar years. It describes the Americans who remained in Paris as a colony of “expatriates” or exiles. It describes the writers like Hemingway who lived in semi poverty. It describes the Americans who returned to their native land with an intense awareness of living in an unfamiliar changing world. The young English and American expatriates, men and women, were caught in the war and cut off from the old values and yet unable to come to terms with the new era when civilization had gone mad. They wandered pointlessly and restlessly, enjoying things like fishing, swimming, bullfight and beauties of nature, but they were aware all the while that the world is crazy and meaningless and futile. Their whole life is undercut and defeated.Meter（韵律）: A generally regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in poetry.Metonymy: A figure of speech in which something very closely associated with a thing is used to stand for or suggest the thing itself.Myth:A story, often about immortals and sometimes connected with religious rituals, that is intended to give meaning to the mysteries of the world. Myths make it possible for people to understand and deal with things that they cannot control and often cannot see. A body of relatedmyths that is accepted by a peopleis known as its mythology. Amythology tells a people what itis most concerned about.Narrative poem（叙事诗）:Apoem that tells a story. One kindof narrative poem is the epic, along poem that sets forth theheroic ideals of a particularsociety.Onomatopoeia:The useof a word whose sound in somedegree imitates or suggests itsmeaning.Oxymoron:a figure ofspeech that combines opposite orcontradictory ideas or terms. Anoxymoron suggests a paradox, butit does so very briefly, usually intwo or three words.Paradox: Astatement that reveals a kind oftruth, although it seems at first tobe self-contradictory anduntrue.Parallelism:(a figure ofspeech) The use of phrases,clauses, or sentences that aresimilar or complementary instructure or in meaning.Parallelism is a form ofrepetition.Poetry: The mostdistinctive characteristic of poetryis form and music. Poetry isconcerned with not only what issaid but how it is said. Poetryevokes emotions rather thanexpress facts. Poetry meanshaving a poetic experience.Imagination is also an essentialquality of poetry. Poetry oftenleads us to new perceptions, newfeelings and experiences of whichwe have not previously beenaware.Psychological Realism（心理现实主义）: It is the realisticwriting that probes deeply into thecomplexities of characters’thoughts and motivations. HenryJames is considered the founderof psychological realism. Hisnovel The Ambassadors isconsidered to be a masterpiece ofpsychological realism.Realism（现实主义）: The attempt inliterature and art to represent lifeas it really is, withoutsentimentalizing or idealizing it.Realistic writing often depicts theeveryday life and speech ofordinary people. This has led,sometimes, to an emphasis onsordid details.Rhythm（节奏；韵律）: It is one of the three basicelements of traditional poetry. It isthe arrangement of stressed andunstressed syllables into a pattern.Rhythm often gives a poem adistinct musical quality. Poetsalso use rhythm to echomeaning.Sonnet（十四行诗；商籁体）: A fourteen-line lyric poem,usually written in rhymed iambicpentameter. A sonnet generallyexpresses a single theme oridea.Stanza（诗节）: It’s astructural division of a poem,consisting of a series of verselines which usually comprise arecurring pattern of meter andthyme.2. Alliteration:The repetition of the initial consonant sounds in poetry..10. Anapest抑抑扬: It’s made up of two unstressed and one stressed syllables, with the two unstressed ones in front.12 Antithesis:(a figure of speech) The balancing of two contrasting ideas, words phrases, or sentences. An antithesis is often expressed in a balanced sentence, that is, a sentence in which identical or similar grammatical structure is used to express contrasting ideas.17.Assonance(半韵, 半谐音元音相同而辅音不同的韵, 如late与make): The repetition of similar vowel sounds, especially in poetry. Assonance is often employed to please the ear or emphasize certain sounds.19. Autobiography(自传；自传文学): A person’s account of his or her own life. An autobiography is generally written in narrative form and includes some introspection.21.Ballad stanza （民谣体诗节）: A type of four-line stanza. The first and third lines have four stressed words or syllables; the second and fourth lines have three stresses. Ballad meter is usually iambic. The number of unstressed syllables in each line may vary. The second and fourth lines rhyme.29.Classicism（古典主义）: A movement or tendency in art, literature, or music that reflects the principles manifested in the art of ancient Greece and Rome. Classicism emphasizes the traditional and the universal, and places value on reason, clarity, balance, and order. Classicism, with its concern for reason and universal themes, is traditionally opposed to Romanticism, which is concerned with emotions and personal themes.32. Conceit（奇喻，妙喻）: A kind of metaphor that makes a comparison between two startlingly different things. A conceit may be a brief metaphor, but it usually provides the framework for an entire poem. An especially unusual and intellectual kind of conceit is the metaphysical conceit.35. Consonance: The repetition of similar consonant sounds in the middle or at the end of words.36. Couplet（双行体、双偶体）: Two consecutive（[kən'sekjutiv] 连续不断的；连贯的）lines of poetry that rhyme. A heroic couplet is an iambic pentameter couplet.37 Critical Realism:The critical realism of the 19th century flourished in the fouties and in the beginning of fifties. The realists first and foremost set themselves the task of criticizing capitalist society from a democratic viewpoint and delineated the crying contradictions of bourgeois reality. But they did not find a way to eradicate（根除，根绝；消灭）social evils.42. Diction（措词）: A writer’s choice of words, particularly for clarity, effectiveness, and precision.47. Enlightenment（启蒙主义）: With the advent of the 18th century, in England, as in other European countries, there sprang into life a public movement known as the Enlightenment. The Enlightenment on the whole, was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class ofbourgeois against feudalism. The inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism. The attempt to place all branches of science at the service of mankind by connecting them with the actual deeds and requirements of the people.48Epic（史诗）: A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. Many epics were drawn from an oral tradition and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were written down.65.Foot（音步）: It is a rhythmic unit, a specific combination of stressed and unstressed syllables.67.Free Verse（自由诗：不受格律约束的）: V erse that has either no metrical pattern or an irregular pattern.69. Iamb（抑扬格）: It is the most commonly used foot in English poetry, in which an unstressed syllable comes first, followed by a stressed syllable.70. Iambic pentameter（抑扬格五音步）: A poetic line consisting of five verse feet, with each foot an iamb—that is, an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. Iambic pentameter is the most common verse line in English poetry.71. Image（意象）: We usually think with words, many of our thoughts come to us as pictures or imagined sensations in our mind. Such imagined pictures or sensations are called images.73.Imagism（意象派：1912年前后源于英美，主张主题和形式摆脱因袭之风）: It’s a poetic movement of England and the U.S. flourished from 1909 to 1917.The movement insists on the creation of images in poetry by“the direct treatment of the thing”and the economy of wording. Theleaders of this movement wereEzra Pound and Amy Lowell.Lost Generation（迷惘的一代）:This term has been used againand again to describe the peopleof the postwar years. It describesthe Americans who remained inParis as a colony of “expatriates”or exiles. It describes the writerslike Hemingway who lived insemi poverty. It describes theAmericans who returned to theirnative land with an intenseawareness of living in anunfamiliar changing world. Theyoung English and Americanexpatriates, men and women,were caught in the war and cut offfrom the old values and yetunable to come to terms with thenew era when civilization hadgone mad. They wanderedpointlessly and restlessly,enjoying things like fishing,swimming, bullfight and beautiesof nature, but they were aware allthe while that the world is crazyand meaningless and futile. Theirwhole life is undercut anddefeated.Meter（韵律）: Agenerally regular pattern ofstressed and unstressed syllablesin poetry.Metonymy: A figure ofspeech in which something veryclosely associated with a thing isused to stand for or suggest thething itself.Myth:A story, oftenabout immortals and sometimesconnected with religious rituals,that is intended to give meaningto the mysteries of the world.Myths make it possible for peopleto understand and deal with thingsthat they cannot control and oftencannot see. A body of relatedmyths that is accepted by a peopleis known as its mythology. Amythology tells a people what itis most concerned about.Narrative poem（叙事诗）:Apoem that tells a story. One kindof narrative poem is the epic, along poem that sets forth theheroic ideals of a particularsociety.Onomatopoeia:The useof a word whose sound in somedegree imitates or suggests itsmeaning.Oxymoron:a figure ofspeech that combines opposite orcontradictory ideas or terms. Anoxymoron suggests a paradox, butit does so very briefly, usually intwo or three words.Paradox: Astatement that reveals a kind oftruth, although it seems at first tobe self-contradictory anduntrue.Parallelism:(a figure ofspeech) The use of phrases,clauses, or sentences that aresimilar or complementary instructure or in meaning.Parallelism is a form ofrepetition.Poetry: The mostdistinctive characteristic of poetryis form and music. Poetry isconcerned with not only what issaid but how it is said. Poetryevokes emotions rather thanexpress facts. Poetry meanshaving a poetic experience.Imagination is also an essentialquality of poetry. Poetry oftenleads us to new perceptions, newfeelings and experiences of whichwe have not previously beenaware.Psychological Realism（心理现实主义）: It is the realisticwriting that probes deeply into thecomplexities of characters’thoughts and motivations. Henry James is considered the founderof psychological realism. His novel The Ambassadors is considered to be a masterpiece of psychological realism.Realism （现实主义）: The attempt in literature and art to represent life as it really is, without sentimentalizing or idealizing it. Realistic writing often depicts the everyday life and speech of ordinary people. This has led, sometimes, to an emphasis on sordid details.Rhythm（节奏；韵律）: It is one of the three basic elements of traditional poetry. It is the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables into a pattern. Rhythm often gives a poem a distinct musical quality. Poets also use rhythm to echo meaning.Sonnet（十四行诗；商籁体）: A fourteen-line lyric poem, usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter. A sonnet generally expresses a single theme or idea.Stanza（诗节）: It’s a structural division of a poem, consisting of a series of verse lines which usually comprise a recurring pattern of meter and thyme.2. Alliteration:The repetition of the initial consonant sounds in poetry..10. Anapest抑抑扬: It’s made up of two unstressed and one stressed syllables, with the two unstressed ones in front.12 Antithesis:(a figure of speech) The balancing of two contrasting ideas, words phrases, or sentences. An antithesis is often expressed in a balanced sentence, that is, a sentence in which identical or similar grammatical structure is used to express contrasting ideas.17.Assonance(半韵, 半谐音元音相同而辅音不同的韵, 如late与make): The repetition of similar vowel sounds, especially in poetry. Assonance is often employed to please the ear or emphasize certain sounds.19. Autobiography(自传；自传文学): A person’s account of his or her own life. An autobiography is generally written in narrative form and includes some introspection.21.Ballad stanza （民谣体诗节）: A type of four-line stanza. The first and third lines have four stressed words or syllables; the second and fourth lines have three stresses. Ballad meter is usually iambic. The number of unstressed syllables in each line may vary. The second and fourth lines rhyme.29.Classicism（古典主义）: A movement or tendency in art, literature, or music that reflects the principles manifested in the art of ancient Greece and Rome. Classicism emphasizes the traditional and the universal, and places value on reason, clarity,balance, and order. Classicism, with its concern for reason and universal themes, is traditionally opposed to Romanticism, which is concerned with emotions and personal themes.32. Conceit（奇喻，妙喻）: A kind of metaphor that makes a comparison between two startlingly different things. A conceit may be a brief metaphor, but it usually provides the framework for an entire poem. An especially unusual and intellectual kind of conceit is the metaphysical conceit.35. Consonance: The repetition of similar consonant sounds in the middle or at the end of words.36. Couplet（双行体、双偶体）: Two consecutive（[kən'sekjutiv] 连续不断的；连贯的）lines of poetry that rhyme. A heroic couplet is an iambic pentameter couplet.37 Critical Realism:The critical realism of the 19th century flourished in the fouties and in the beginning of fifties. The realists first and foremost set themselves the task of criticizing capitalist society from a democratic viewpoint and delineated the crying contradictions of bourgeois reality. But they did not find a way to eradicate（根除，根绝；消灭）social evils.42. Diction（措词）: A writer’s choice of words, particularly for clarity, effectiveness, and precision.47. Enlightenment（启蒙主义）: With the advent of the 18th century, in England, as in other European countries, there sprang into life a public movement known as the Enlightenment. The Enlightenment on the whole, was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class ofbourgeois against feudalism. Theinequality, stagnation, prejudicesand other survivals of feudalism.The attempt to place all branchesof science at the service ofmankind by connecting them withthe actual deeds and requirementsof the people.48Epic（史诗）: Along narrative poem telling aboutthe deeds of a great hero andreflecting the values of the societyfrom which it originated. Manyepics were drawn from an oraltradition and were transmitted bysong and recitation before theywere written down.65.Foot（音步）: It is a rhythmic unit, aspecific combination of stressedand unstressed syllables.67.FreeVerse（自由诗：不受格律约束的）: V erse that has either nometrical pattern or an irregularpattern.69. Iamb（抑扬格）: It isthe most commonly used foot inEnglish poetry, in which anunstressed syllable comes first,followed by a stressed syllable.70.Iambic pentameter（抑扬格五音步）: A poetic line consisting offive verse feet, with each foot aniamb—that is, an unstressedsyllable followed by a stressedsyllable. Iambic pentameter is themost common verse line inEnglish poetry.71. Image（意象）:We usually think with words,many of our thoughts come to usas pictures or imagined sensationsin our mind. Such imaginedpictures or sensations are calledimages.73.Imagism（意象派：1912年前后源于英美，主张主题和形式摆脱因袭之风）: It’s apoetic movement of England andthe U.S. flourished from 1909 to1917.The movement insists on thecreation of images in poetry by“the direct treatment of the thing”and the economy of wording. Theleaders of this movement wereEzra Pound and Amy Lowell.Lost Generation（迷惘的一代）:This term has been used againand again to describe the peopleof the postwar years. It describesthe Americans who remained inParis as a colony of “expatriates”or exiles. It describes the writerslike Hemingway who lived insemi poverty. It describes theAmericans who returned to theirnative land with an intenseawareness of living in anunfamiliar changing world. Theyoung English and Americanexpatriates, men and women,were caught in the war and cut offfrom the old values and yetunable to come to terms with thenew era when civilization hadgone mad. They wanderedpointlessly and restlessly,enjoying things like fishing,swimming, bullfight and beautiesof nature, but they were aware allthe while that the world is crazyand meaningless and futile. Theirwhole life is undercut anddefeated.Meter（韵律）: Agenerally regular pattern ofstressed and unstressed syllablesin poetry.Metonymy: A figure ofspeech in which something veryclosely associated with a thing isused to stand for or suggest thething itself.Myth:A story, oftenabout immortals and sometimesconnected with religious rituals,that is intended to give meaningto the mysteries of the world.Myths make it possible for peopleto understand and deal with things that they cannot control and often cannot see. A body of related myths that is accepted by a people is known as its mythology. A mythology tells a people what it is most concerned about. Narrative poem（叙事诗）:A poem that tells a story. One kind of narrative poem is the epic, a long poem that sets forth the heroic ideals of a particular society.Onomatopoeia:The use of a word whose sound in some degree imitates or suggests its meaning.Oxymoron:a figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory ideas or terms. An oxymoron suggests a paradox, but it does so very briefly, usually in two or three words.Paradox: A statement that reveals a kind of truth, although it seems at first to be self-contradictory and untrue.Parallelism:(a figure of speech) The use of phrases, clauses, or sentences that are similar or complementary in structure or in meaning. Parallelism is a form of repetition.Poetry: The most distinctive characteristic of poetry is form and music. Poetry is concerned with not only what is said but how it is said. Poetry evokes emotions rather than express facts. Poetry means having a poetic experience. Imagination is also an essential quality of poetry. Poetry often leads us to new perceptions, new feelings and experiences of which we have not previously been aware.Psychological Realism（心理现实主义）: It is the realistic writing that probes deeply into the complexities of characters’ thoughts and motivations. Henry James is considered the founder of psychological realism. His novel The Ambassadors is considered to be a masterpiece of psychological realism.Realism （现实主义）: The attempt in literature and art to represent life as it really is, without sentimentalizing or idealizing it. Realistic writing often depicts the everyday life and speech of ordinary people. This has led, sometimes, to an emphasis on sordid details.Rhythm（节奏；韵律）: It is one of the three basic elements of traditional poetry. It is the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables into a pattern. Rhythm often gives a poem a distinct musical quality. Poets also use rhythm to echo meaning.Sonnet（十四行诗；商籁体）: A fourteen-line lyric poem, usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter. A sonnet generally expresses a single theme or idea.Stanza（诗节）: It’s a structural division of a poem, consisting of a series of verse lines which usually comprise a recurring pattern of meter and thyme.。
英美文化常识(北外保送生考试常年保留题型!!!)
1.What are the two major parties in Britan?------They are the Conservative Party and the Labour Party.2.What is the official full name of Britain?-----It is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.3.Who is the head of government in Ireland?-----It is the Prime Minister.4.Who is James Joyce?-----He is the most well-know Irish writer of the modern period.5.Who were the first Americans?------They were the Indians.6.What kind of economic system does the United States have?-----It has a free-market economy with a dominant private sector.7.What is bilingualism?-----The phenomenon that English and French are the two official languages in Canada is called bilingualism.8.What are the geographical feature of Australia as a continent?------Australia is the flatest and lowest of the continents.9.What are the powers the constitution confers on the House of Representatives?------The House of Representatives has powers to make and change laws.10.What animal is a national symbol of New Zealand?------The kiwi is a national symbol of the country.11.What is the Renaissance?------Renaissance was the revival of classical literature and artistic styles in European history. 12.What are the most important journals in the U.K.?------They are the Economist,New Statesman and Society,and Spectator.13.Why is the Shannon River important to Ireland?------Because it provides electricity for much of the Republic.14.How many states are there in the United States?------There are 50 states in the United States.15.What is Hispanic?------A Hispanic is a Spanish-speaking person of the United States.16.What is the Bill of Rights?-------It is the term used for the first ten amendments to the Constitution.17.What is the Canada Council?-----It is the Canad ian Government’s funding agency.18.What is Aborigines?-------It is the term used to describe the original people of Australia.19.What was the nature of the White Australia Policy?------It was a discriminatory immigration policy,which restricted the non –whites to enter Australia.20.What are New Zealand’s main exports?------Meat,wool and dairy products are main exports.21.What was Queen Mary known as?------She was known as the “Bloody Mary”and also remembered as the monarch who lost the lastBritish possession on the continent------French port of calais.22.What did Britain become after the Industrial Revolution?-----Britain became the “workshop of the world”.23.What is the House of Lords made up of?------It is made up of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal.24.What are the two major parties in Ireland?------They are Fianna Fail and Fine Gael.25.What is meant by “Vietnamization” of the war?--------It meant that South Vietnamese troops would be war-built up to replace Americal fighting force.26.Which country is the world’s biggest producer and user of tobacco?------It is the U.S.A..27.Who was the only writer in colonial period still read today?-------He was Benjamin Franklin.28.Who was the first prime minister in Canada?------He was Sir John Macdonald.29.What was the convict system?------In the convict system, the convicts were punished by being transported to remote places. 30.How is New Zealand electricity produced?------It is produced by: firstly,hydropower;secondly,gas;thirdly,coal.31.What is the most important established Church in Britain?-----It is the Church of England.32.What is the jury’s job in Britain?------In criminal cases,it is to decide the issue of guilt or innocence.33.Where were oil and natural gas found in Britain?------Oil and natural gas are found under the North Sea.34.What are the characteristics of Ireland’s climate?-----It can be described as “mild,moist and changeable”.35.What did the real Americal Literature begin?-----It began after the America War of Independence.36.Where is the president of the United States’ offcial residence?-----The White House is his official residence.37.What kind of history do people often say that the history of Canada?------People often say that the history of Canada is a history of immigration.38.What is “urban sprawl’’?------It refers to a city that has grown over a large area of land.39.What is the way of changing the constitution in Australia?------The Constitution can be changed only by referendum.40.Where is the volcanic activity in New Zealand?------The volcanic activity can be found on the central plateau in North Island.41.What are the three natural zones in Scotland?------They are the Highlands in the north,the central Lowlands and the southern Uplands.42.What was the Gunpowder plot of 1605?------It was the most famous of the Catholic conspiracies.43.What did the English Industrial Revolution begin with?-----It began with the textile industry.44.What is the capital of Ireland?------It is Dublin.45.Which state is the largest in the United States?------Alaska is the largest one.46.What is the American foreign policy in the early 1930s?-----In the early 1930s,the American foreign policy was isolationist.47.What is affirmative action?------It is the preferential treatment for minorities and women in education and employment.48.What was established in 1670 in Canada?------The English Hudson Bay Company was established in 1670.49.Which hemisphere is Australia in?------It is in the Southern hemisphere.50.Where is the capital of New Zealand?------It is Wellington.51.Who were the Vikings?-----The Vikings were the Norwegians and the Danes from Denmark.52.Which system was completely established under William in English?-----The feudal system was completely established under William in English.53.What are the main courts of civil jurisdiction in England and Wales?-----They are the Country Courts.54.When did Ireland declare itself a republic?------Ireland declared itself a republic on April 18,1949.55.Where is known as the agricultural capital of the U.s.?-----Omaha is known as the argricultural capital of the U.S.A..56.What is the most central functions of the Congress in America?-----It is the passage of laws.57.What is Mark Twain’s ma ster work?-----It is the Adventure of Huckleberry Finn.58.Which city is Canada’s largest city?-----It is Toronto.59.What was Australia called in the 1950s?------Australia was called “the lucky country”in the 1950s.60.What do you think is the most noticeable feature of New Zealand geography?-----It is mountains widely spread all over the country where active volcanoes scatter.61.Which war was relatively smooth,with no bloodshed,nor any execution of the king in Britain? ------It is the Glorious Revolution.62.What are the three periods as far as the evolution of the British economy is concerned?-------There are steady development in the 50s and 60s,economic recession in the 70s and economic recovery in the 80s.63.What is a constitutional monarchy?------It is a governmental system in which the head of State is a king or a queen who reigns but does not rule.64.What is the chief language of instruction in Ireland?-----It is English.65.Which are some of the biggest cities in the U.S.?------They are New York,Los Angeles,Chicago,San Francisco and Philadelphia.66.Who drafted The Declaration of Independence in the U.S.?------He was Thomas Jefferson..67.Which country is the world’s leading exporter of agricultural products?-----It is the United States.68.In what way does Quebec differ from the other provinces of Canada?-----It differs from the other provinces because it has strong French culture.69.What is nations largest and most diverse industry today in Australia?-----It is agriculture.70.What percentage are Maori to the population of New Zealand?------About 10% are Maori or part Maori.71.Where are mostly highland and lowland in Great Britian?-----The north and west of Britian are mainly highlands,while the east and south-east are mostly lowlands.72.What is Heptarchy?-----By the end of the 7th century, England was divided into seven kingdoms which was,called Heptarchy.73.What did England appear in the 18th century,which owed a great deal to the invention of machines?-----The Industrial Revolution appeared in England in the 18th century.74.What is the basic ethnic stock in Ireland?------It is Celtic.75.What does tariff protection mean?-----It means to get higher import taxes to protect domestic production.76.What is the full name of the U.S.?-----It is the United States of America.77.What is the general view of Americans on education?-----It is that every American has the right and obligation to become educated.78.What does Governor-General represent?----It represents the Queen.79.Which three periods are the history of Australia divided into?-----They ae the arrival of Aborigines,the colonization of Australia by the British,and the Commonwealth of Australia.80.Who was the first European come to New Zealand and What was his nationality?-----He was Abel Tasman and was a Dutchman.81.What were the forerunners of the Liberal Party in Britain?------They are Whigs.82.How many members are there in the House of Commons?------There are 651 members in the House of Commons.83.What is the difference between the ancestors of the English and Scots,Welsh and Irish?------The ancestors of the English are Anglo-Saxons,while those the Scots,Welsh and Irish are Celts.84.What is the Republican Army?------It is a terrorist or organization dedicated to the union of all Ireland as one country under one government.85.Which three countries have the largest populations in the world?------China,India and the United States have the largest population in the world.86.Who led the boycott of the bus company in Montgomery,Alabama?-----He is Martin Luther King,Jr.87.What is the “ Lost Generation”?------It refers 60s young intellectuals who becames disappointed and bitter after World War II. 88.What are most industries in Canada?------It is manufacturing.89.Who was the first Prime Minister in Australia?-----He was Edmund Barton.90.What are two main islands in New Zealand?------They are North Island and South Island.91.Who were the Lollards?----They were poor priests and travelling preachers who were John Wyclif’s followers in the 14th century.92.What has the new farming been called in Britain?----It has been called agribusiness.93.What does the NHS provide in Britain?----It provides the family health,hospital and specialist services.94.Who is the head of state in Ireland?------The head of state is the president.95.Who were the Puritans?----The Puritans were the members of a Protestand group in England who wanted to purify the Church of England.96.Which three branches is the U.S. government divided into?------They are the legislative,the executive and the judicial.97.What is adult education also called now?-------It is also called”continuing education” programs or “lifelong education” programs.98.What was the consequence of the Seven Years’ War between the British and the French?------After the Seven Years’ War, the French were forced to give up every inch of land in North America.99.What is the role of the Senate in Australia?------The senate has the very nearly equal power as the House of Representatives,except that it has no power to deal with money bills.cation in New Zealand is free,secular and compulsory,What does this sentence mean?-----It means that no tuition fee is paid,no school is run by religious party and every child must go to school to study.西方人眼中的数字生活中的数字(number)无处不在，但有写数字带有固定的象征意义。
英美概况 大题英英解释 打印版 1
What do you know about the Roman influence on Britain?1.The Roman Occupation lasted for almost 350 years. The resulting growth of its civilization was more obvious in urban areas than among the agricultural peasants and weakest in the resistant highland zone.2.In the southeastern part, the Romans influenced life and culture rapidly.3.The English upper classes were thoroughly romanized and transformed into Roman landlords and officials.4.The Romans were too few in number to change the language and customs of the people.5.Some of the native people became slaves of the Romans, true slave society was introduced into England.What were the consequences of Norman Conquest?1.It increased the process of feudalism which had begun during Anglo-Saxon timed. Feudalism finally established in England.2.William the Conqueror established a strong monarchy in England. He made some reforms in Baron System and land policy. In 1806, William the Conqueror had his officials go through England and make a general survey of the land, known as the Domesday Book.3.After the conquest William retained most of the old England customs of government. Yet the introduced much that was new.4.The Norman Conquest also brought about changes in the church. The upper ranks of the clergy were Normanized and feudalized.5.Along with the Normans came the French language.In what ways did Henry 2 consolidate the monarchy?1.Henry Plantagenet, in 1154, established the House of Plantagenet as Henry2. During the reign of Henry2, he made a series of reforms.2.The Royal powers of justices were greatly expanded. All land held in feudal tenure was brought under royal jurisdiction.3.For administration, the mayor reform was the Inquest of Sheriffs in 1170.4.In 1181 he issued the “Assize of Arms”. This made it compulsory for every freeman in England to be provided with arms.5.Alongside the reforms, skilled trade, commerce, agriculture and the arts all made rapid progress.。
英美文化阅读理解专项：美国英语和英国英语- 高考英语常考英美文化阅读专练
51. International Language---EnglishEnglish is the native or official language of one-fifth of the world. It isspoken in North America, Great Britain, Australia, and New Zealand. In SouthAfrica and India it is one of the official languages.More people study English than any other language. In many countries, thetextbooks in universities are in English. Many university classes are taught inEnglish even though the native language is not English.English is the language of international communication. It is the language of international business, research, and science. More than three-fourths of the world's mail is written in English. More than half of the scientific research articles are in English. Most other languages have borrowed many English words.Why did English become the international language? In the middle of the 19th century, French was the international language. Then Britain became very powerful in the world. England started colonies in North America and India in the 17th century. By 1900 England also had colonies in other parts of Asia, Africa and the South Pacific. The people in the colonies had to use English. Slowly it became more important than French internationally. After the Second World War, the United States became very powerful, and even more people began to learn English.Is English a good international language? It has more words than any other language. The grammar is simpler than in the other major languages. However, English spelling is difficult. Foreigners all have trouble spelling English. So do native speakers.Since 1880, people have invented over fifty artificial (not natural) languages. No one speaks them as a native language. However, none of them has ever become popular. Some people don't want to study English, but it is the international language. (292 words)Exercise:◆Helper:South Pacific南太平洋artificial [ɑ:ti'fiʃəl]人造的, 人为的colony殖民地◆Brief Introduction:英语是世界上五分之一人口的母语或者官方语言，学英语的人比学任何其它语言的人都多，在许多国家大学的教材是英文版的，甚至英语不是母语的国家的许多大学用英语授课。
英美文化概况期末考题
英美文化概况期末考题4.The Cold War？Soviet Union and The Us began to rally countries around them. The founding of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949 and the Warsaw Pact in 1955 split the world into two military blocs with a large number of non-aligned countries in between . It's a Arms race.1. Cricket and fair play??Cricket was one of the first team sports in Britain to have organized rules and to be played according to the same rules nationally. Before the Victorian era, and in modern Britain, people from all walks of life play cricket, but in the 19th century, cricket became a sport associated with the upper class. It was a kind of “snob” game played by boys who attended public schools.Cricket matches usually do not last just a few hours. They can go on for days.15.The Bill Of rights?The bill of rights,to all americans,another basic foundations their consititutions is The bill of rights,adopted in 1791.This consists of 10 very short paragraphs which guarantee freedom and indivduals rights and forbid interference with lives of indivduals by the government .each paragraphs is an Amendment to the original Consititution.11. the first English settlement in North America？The settlement of Virginia，the first English permanent settlement in North AmericaThe first English permanent settlement was organized in 1607 by the London Company(伦敦贸易公司) with a charter（特许状）from the English king James I. The colonists settled in Virginiaand survived by imposing strict discipline on themselves and by transplanting tobacco into the colony of Virginia.3. Puritanism：They believed that human beings were predestined by God before they were born。
英美文化与英汉翻译(1-12)
制作时间：2004年7月21日英美文化与英汉翻译(第1-12期)作者：snowry_yhn编辑、制作：yangbb第1期 MAVERICK (2)第2期 FBI & SLOAN-KETTERING (3)第3期 AMA (4)第4期 GATT (5)第5期 WESTERN (6)第6期 GIS & YANK (7)第7期 GILTS (8)第8期 JV (9)第9期 AT&T (10)第10期 GDP (11)第11期 MAFIA (12)第12期 GURU (13)转载请注明出处，谢谢！制作时间：2004年7月21日［yangbb语］终于完工了，而且今天是自己的生日，就把这个包子作为生日礼物送给自己吧！呵呵，好高兴啊！其实做包子真的是件比较苦的事情，而且体力劳动远大于脑力劳动。
但是我想，如果自己辛苦做出来的包子没有人分享，那才是真正可悲的事情。
所以沪友一定要支持我们的劳动啊！还有两点提醒一下（不要骂我啊，我马上就说完）：1．本文档版权归沪江所有，尊重原创，请网友在转载时注明出处，非常感谢！2．本文档按A4幅面制作，有条件的网友可直接打印。
［snowry_yhn语］了解英美文化对我们的英语学习是很有必要的，特别是对于翻译！“白象牌运动鞋”怎么翻译呢？是“White Elephant Sports Shoes”吗？大家知道White Elephant 在英语中是什么意思吗？”yellow pub lications"又该怎么翻译呢？是"黄色出版物"吗？由于缺乏对英美文化的了解而造成的误译、谬译或交际中断经常发生。
我们这个栏目就是希望让大家更多的了解一些英美文化，基于snow的实际水平，有错误的地方请大家多多包涵！第1期 MaverickMaverick制作时间：2004年7月21日In the US anti-WTO forces include the likes of Ross Perot, the mav erick 1992 presidential candidate; the consumer advocate Ralph Na dar; the ultraconservative senator Jesse Helms; and environment a ctivists from groups such as Greenpeace USA and the Sierra Club.Maverick 原本是美国德克萨斯洲一名农场主的名字。
美术英语 课后问答题和翻译归纳
问答题日神理性和酒神直觉1.what do Apollonian reason and Dionysian intuition mean？Apollonian to mean the principle of order, logic, clarity, moderation, and contral in the hum an personality and in society. Dionysian to mean spontaneity, passion, intuition, and excess in h uman personality and rebellion against society.2.What kind of the person are you？Apollonian or Dionysian？I think my personality close to Dionysian's. I was actually more percepyual ，maybe sometimes I think I was reasonable deal with my job. But all of this is to satisfy my emotional needs. In addition ，I appreciate the sentiment ，regardless of family or friendship.3.Apollo and Dionysus are with us every day of our lives.Can you tell some examples？I have a friend,she is so Dionysian. She don't like to concentrate on a problem inmath;always dreaming in braightday.图像和想象4.How imagination can be triggered？Please give an example.There are many different ways our imagination can be triggered.To do more than one dream and there is no relationship between the two things put them toget her.5.Tell the different between the “making”of a work of art and the “making”ofsomething else.The “making”of a work of art maybe is more beautful than the “making” of something else6.Can you tell the difference of the three kinds of audience of the artist？(你能区分这三种听众)Art critics have an open mind and have the ability to absorb new ideas.The audience who have a little knowledge of art ,they don't know the true meaning of art.The audience who are laymen maybe they have no idea about art.艺术评论家们有一个开放的头脑和有能力吸收新思想。
英美文学选读复习要点中英文对照
Chapter2 The Neoclassical Period(1660-1798)新古典主义1。
In short，it was an age full of conflicts and divergence of values。
总之，这一时期是矛盾与价值观分歧的时期。
2。
The eighteenth—century England is also known as the Age of Enligh tenment or the Age of Reason.英国的十八世纪也同时是启蒙主义时代，或曰理性时代。
3。
Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of moder n philosophical and artistic ideas。
运动的主旨便是用当代哲学与艺术思想的晨光启迪整个世界。
4。
Enlighteners held that rationality or reason should be the only，the final cause of any human thought and activities。
They called for a refere nce to order, reason and rules。
启蒙者主张理性是任何人思想与行动的唯一缘由.他们大力提倡秩序，理性及法律。
5。
As a matter of fact, literature at the time, heavily didactic and morali zing, became a very popular means of public education。
其实，当时的文学作品种充满了说教与道德理念,就已经成为大众教育的良好工具.6. Famous among the great enlighteners in England were those great wr iters like John Dryden，Alexander Pope, Joseph Addison and Sir Richar d Steele, the two pioneers of familiar essays，Jonathan Swift，Daniel Defoe，Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Henry Fielding and Samuel Johnson。
高考英语全国卷I,II部分翻译,及解析
Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation. Cafes focused around psychology, history, and engineering are catching on, filling tables well into the evening.
But not everyone is happy. Owain James, the president of the National Union of Students (NUS), argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship – young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education.
C
More students than ever before are taking a gap year(间隔年) before going to university. It used to be the “year off” between school and university.
That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year. Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education. “Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible,” he said.
英美文化课本习题答案
英美文化教材习题答案Britain1. Who are the British ?Ⅰ1.the Scottish Highlanders: They are the Scots who live in the mountain areas of the Highlands in Northern Scotland. They are a proud, ind ependent and hardy peopl e who maintain their strong cultural id entity.2.the British Isles: The British Isl es lie northern of Europe in the Atlantic Ocean. They consist of two large islands-Britain and Ireland and several small islands.3.the National Eisted dfod: Eisted dfod is the Welsh word for “sitting”. National Eisted dfod is t he most famous festival of music and verse in Wales. It takes place each August and lasts for about a week. The highlight of the Eisted dfod is a competition for the best epic poem about Wales written and read in Welsh. The winner is crowned Bard, consid ered the supreme honor in Wales.4.Bard: “Bard”originally d enoted the grouping epic poem to the Celtic l ead ers or warriors for their great achievement. Now, it roughly means the respected poetry.5.Northern Ireland (Ulster): A section of the United Kingd om of Great Britain and the Northern Ireland, l ocated in the northeast of the Ireland, the capital of which is Belfast.6.Oliver Cromwell: Oliver Cromwell was the Roundhead l ead er during the English Civil War. Hed efeated King Charl es Ⅰ and cond emned him to d eath. The monarchy was overthrown, and the country became for more than ten years a republic.7.William Ⅲ: the protestant King (参见P10-11)8.The Orange Day celebrations: cel ebrations hel d by Protestants on 12 August each year in North Ireland to commemorate the Battle of the Royne in 1690 when the Protestant King William of Orange crushed a Catholic rebellion in Lond ond erry. The celebrations were always aggressively provocative and fightings often broke out between Protestant marches and Catholic bystand ers.9.The Provisional IRA: IRA, the Irish Reputation Army, is a nationalist organization d edicated to the unification of Ireland. It was organized in1919. The IRA refused to accept a separate Northern Ireland und er British rul e. In 1969 it split into an “official” majorit y, which disclaimed violence, and a terrorist “provisional” wing, whose attacks on British troops in Northern Ireland, rand om bombings, and others acts of terror in England kept tensions high.10. The Peace People: In the summer of 1976 Betty Williams, a Protestant housewife, was so horrified at the killing fo two children by a running IRA car that she decid ed to organize the women of Ulster, both Protestant and Catholic, into a pressure group. It is a pressure group working for peace and reconciliation in Ireland. Williams and her Catholic partner, Corrigan, soon gathered thousands of foll owers d espite threats and intimidation from both sid es. They continued to pursue their aims and at the end of 1976 the two l ead ers were award ed the Nobel Prize for Peace.Ⅱ1.The full name of the United Kingd om is the United Kingd om of Great Britain and the Northern Ireland.2.The Romans first land ed in Britain in the year of 55BC.3.The Scots are well-known for being inventive, hard-working, serious mind ed and cautious with money.4.Two of the Welsh characteristics are cultural prid e and their l ove of music and poetry.5.Peopl e began to settle in about 10,000 years ago. two famous Scottish writers: Robert Burns and Sir Walter Scottor, two Welsh writers: Dylan Thomas and Gwyn Thomas; and two Irish writers: Jonathan Swift and Oscar Wild e.7.Angl es, Saxons and Jutes were the three Germanic tribes that came to be the basis of mod ern English race.ⅢDDBAB2. English HistoryⅠ1.Exercise book Page29 12.Page29 23.Page29 34.Page29 65.Page30 96.Henry ⅧTextbook P28 2nd para.7.Elizabeth Ⅰ Textbook P29 1st para.8.Divine Right Textbook P30 2nd para. (可忽略)9.Page33 2210.VictorianismⅡ1.The Crusad es2.Columbus, Vasco da Gama3.the Mid dl e ages4.the Parliament, the King Charl es Ⅰ5. Charl es Darwin6. the Great Depression7. the League of Nations, United NationsⅢDBBCD4.British Government SystemI.1.学习手册63页III.12.学习手册65页III.93.学习手册65页III.104.学习手册64页III.35.学习手册64页III.46.学习手册64页III.77.学习手册64页III.5II.1. Elizabeth the Second2. On Her Majesty’s Service3. the Most Ord er of the Garter4. In her rol e as head of the Church of England5. Acts of Parliament; the Prerogative of the Crown;Conventions of the Constitution; Common law; Parliamentary Privilege6. Five, 6357. The Crown; the House of Lords; the House of Commons8. Parliament9. The final court of appeal in civil cases and criminal cases, except criminal cases in Scotland.10. To make laws;to control and criticize the executive government;to control the raising and the spending of money11. The Lord Chancellor12. Her ministers13. Parliament; Cabinet; the House of Commons; Parliament III. BCADCAIV.1.课本P68 第二段2.课本P75 第二，四段P74 第三段3.课本P764.课本P78 第一段5.课本P81 第三段6.课本P737.课本P78 第一，二段5.Industry, Agriculture and BusinessⅠ1.Exercise book Page80 12.P80 23.P81 64.P82 85.Special d evelopment area: Textbook P101 2nd para.6.P81 37.P81 48.P81 7Ⅱ1. coal, water power2. the Second Worl d War, the Bank of England, coal, civil aviation3. the Second Worl d War, Labour4. a nation of shop-keepers5. the discovery and exploitation of oil and gas in the North Sea.ⅢADCAA6.English LiteratureI.1.学习手册96页. III.22.学习手册96页. III.33.学习手册96页. III.44.学习手册97页. III.55.课本124页. 第二，三段6.学习手册96页. III.77.学习手册96页. III.8II.1. Beowulf;the 6th2.their Viking raid ers swept into Britain3.the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle;The Roman invasion of Britain in 54B.C.The mid dl e of the 12th century4.Chaucer; Shakespeare; Milton5.Thomas More; Utopia6.Romeo and Juliet; Hamlet; Othello; The Tempest; Twelfth Nights; As You Like It; Richard III; Richard II; Julius Caesar7.The Essays8.Paradise Lost; Paradise Regained; Samson Agonistes9.Pilgrim’s Progress10.Jonathan Swift11.His poems London and The Vanity of Human Wishes12.Robert Burns13.Robinson Cruise14.William Wordsworth; Samuel Tayl or Col eridge; Lord Byron; John Keats; Percy Bysshe Shell ey15.Jane Austen; Anne Bronte; Emily Bronte16.Louis Stevenson; Lewis Carroll; William Makepeace Thackeray;David Copper field; Oliver Twist;George Eliot; Oscar Wilde;The Return of the Nation; Jude the Obscure17.James Joyce; Ulysses18.George Bernard ShawIII. DBCAADAADDIV.1.课本P115-1162.课本P122-1233.课本P1334.课本P135 第二，三段8.Religion and BeliefsExplain the foll owing in English: 全部在学习手册P109.Fill the blanks:1)Roman Catholic; Protestant2)The Old Testament; the New Testament.3)Queen; the Archbishop of Canterbury.4)God; Jesus; the Holy Spirit.5)Presbyterian6)The Pope in Rome and the church or priesthood.7)The Presbyterian; the Methodist Church; the Congregational Church; the Baptist Church; theQuakers.8)Humbl er forms of life.Answer the questions:1)学习手册P106 13、14题2)P146 第三段3)P148 第二段4)P150 第一段cationExplain the foll owing in English:1) 2) 3) 6) 7) 8)是学习手册P140、P141和P142的1.3.4.7.8.11题4) 5)在书本P171 第二段Fill the blanks:1) 5;15.2)Christmas; Easter; summer.3)The sel ective; the comprehensive4)Eton; Harrow; Rugby.5)About three-quarters of income of Britain University.6)Oxford; Cambridge.7)St Andrews; Glasgow (or Aberd een; Edinburgh)8)Oxford.9)Leeds; Lancaster (any acceptabl e answers are correct)10)Exclusiveness.Tick the correct answer in each of the foll owing:A C D DAnswer the questions:1)Both educational and social grounds2)P171第二段3)学习手册P148或P137 的24题4)书本P174最后一段和P175最开头一段5)课本P175-1776)The coll ege system and the tutorial system.7)P178最后一段11.The press, Radio and TelevisionExplain the foll owing in English:1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 在学习手册P1666)书本P198 第二段的7)书本P204 第三段Fill the blanks:1)the smallness of the country2)Quality paper; popular paper.3)The Times; The Guardian; the Daily Telegraph; Daily Mail; Daily Mirror; Sun.4)Thomson5)The Conservative Party; the Liberal Party6)Daily Telegraph7)The Sunday Times; Observer.8)Daily Mirror; The Sun.Tick the correct answer in each of the foll owing:D B C B AAnswer the questions:1) 学习手册P1742) 书本P201最后一段书本P206 最后一段America1.Atlantic to PacificⅠ.1.学习手册第196 页2.课本第237页2nd para.3.学习手册第197 页4.课本第237页1st para & 第246页注释175.学习手册第196 页6.学习手册第197 页7.课本第239页最后一段& 第240页第一、二段8.课本第242页最后一段& 第247页注释26Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks1. 50, 13, 35, Hawaii, Alaska2.Alaska, California3.Eastern standard time, central standard time, mountain standard time, pacific standard time4.Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Rhod e Island5.West Virginia, New York State, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland6.The Potomac, Washington D.C7.The Appalachian, Vermont, Canada8.The Appalachian, Rocky9.Washington State, Oregon, California10.New England, the Mid-Atlantic area, the South, the Mid-West, the Great Plains states, the Western and the Pacific coast statesⅢ. Tick the correct answer in each of the foll owing:C AD D C CⅣ. Answer the questions:1.学习手册第191, 196 页2.学习手册第196 页3.学习手册第196 页4.课本第237 页5.课本第239 页6.学习手册第198 页，课本241 页2. AMERICAN HISTORYExplain the foll owing in English:（其余未注明的页码是学习手册页码）1.P218.5（学习手册218页第五条）2.P280.9 (课本280页第九个注释)3.P221.154.P222.175.P221.146.P222.167.P222.188.P223.209.P224.2610.P225.2811.P226.3312.P227.3513.P228.3814.P228.4015.P223.22Fill in the blanks:1.Icelandic Vikings, Columbus2.Jamestown Virginia, 16073.English Puritans, Roman Catholics, The Quaker l ead er William Penn4.1775, 17835.a second continental Congress6.July 4th7.the Fed eralists, the Republicans, classes, ideological lines8.Thomas Jefferson9.John Marshall10.Uncl e Tom’s Cabin11.put an end to slavery, d ecid ed that America is a singl e indivisibl e nation12.he introduced the assembly line into automobil e production, Manufacturing the Mod el T13.the New York Stock Exchangeissez-faire, the government shoul d interfere with business as little as possibl e, government action15.Eugene V. DebsTick the correct answer in each of the foll owing:1-10:BAAADADADBAnswer the questions:(课本页码)1.P2522.P2533.P2544.P2575.P2586.P264-p2657.P266-p2678.P268-p2699.P270-p27110.P27311.P27512.P276-p2773.THE FORMS OF GOVERNMENTExplain the foll owing in English:（未标注页码为学习手册页码）1.P245.52.P245.63.P246.74.P246.95.P247.116.P247.127.P247.138.P311.3(课本)9.P246.810.P240.1211.P314.23（课本）Fill in the blanks:1.fed eralism, the separation of powers, respect for the Constitution and the rul e of law2.foreign affairs, matters of general concern to all the states3.the Democrats, the Republicans4.executive, l egislature, judicial5.Ford, Rockefell er, the Presid ent Nixon resigned when he was in power6.Vice-Presid ent7.four, four, John Kenedy8.two terms(eight years)9.435, 2, 100, 610.the Congress(both the Senate and the House of Representatives), the Senate, a two-thirds majority in both Houses11.Confed eration12.192213.The Supreme Court14.life, Presid ent, the Senate15.The Fed eral Bureau of InvestigationTick the correct answer in each of the foll owing:1-8: ACDCADCBAnswer the questions:(课本页码)1.P2882.P2883.P2914.P294&(p314.29)5.P3026.P3037.P290, p297, p3078.P302-p3034. American LiteratureⅠ. Explain the foll owing in English:1.学习手册第268 页2.学习手册第268 页3.学习手册第268 页4.学习手册第269 页5.学习手册第270 页6.学习手册第273 页7.学习手册第274 页Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks1. Washington Irving, Fennimore Cooper2.Edgar Allan Poe, The Fall of the house of Usher3.(Concord, Massachusetts), Ralph Wald o Emerson,Henry David Thoreau, Nathaniel Hawthorne4.Nature, The American Scholar, Self-Reliance, Experience5.Walden6.The Scarlet Letter7.Herman Melville8.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the Mississippi, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn9.Theodore Dreiser10.The Great Gatsby, what had happened to American life11.John Dos Passos12.A Fable, Light in August, The Hamlet13.The Sun Also Rise, A farewell to Arms, For Whom the Bell Tolls14.John Steinbeck, Ralph Ellison15.Eugene O’Neill, Long Day’s Journey into NightⅢ. Tick the correct answer in each of the foll owing:CADBD DCCAD BCⅣ. Answer the questions:1.学习手册第258,267(explanation 1) 页2.Both are 19th-century writer. Both are also a poet and journal keeper.3.学习手册第269(2) 页4.课本第2326 页5.5. ReligionⅠ. Explain the foll owing in English:1.学习手册第293 页2.学习手册第293 页3.学习手册第294 页4.学习手册第294 页5.学习手册第291 页Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks1.four-fifths, majority hardly, half2.U.S3.Against the Constitution4.The Baptists, the Methodists5.Roman Catholics, the Baptists, The Methodists, Presbyterians6.John F. KennedyⅢ. Tick the correct answer in each of the foll owing:ACDCAⅣ. Answer the questions:1.课本第345 页（4-9行）2.课本第345（最后一段）页3.课本第346（第二段）页4.可参阅课本359页Notes6、7、8、9所对应的句子。
英美文化考试试题附答案
1.What are the differences in political system between the UK and the USA? DifferencesF irst the political party system .Britain appears the earliest bourgeois partyin the world and it is the first country to establish and implement two-party system: two-party system combined with the British cabinet system. The cabinet consists of the political party which gains the majority at a general election. The largest opposition party is the House of Commons which can establish a shadow cabinet. The organization of British Party is strict and there are many party members. Britain's two political parties are two different political factions in the parliament at first. On the contrary, the internal organization of American political party is very loose. The ruling par ty masters executive power, but doesn’t master the legislative power. American's two political parties aim at supporting and opposing federalism. The party's main activity is the presidential campaign. The two-party system is stable. This kind of system will cause the United States parties which are in the middle of the internal organization is very weak.S econd comparison is the Constitution. Up until now, t the Britain does not havea single document called the Constitution but its constitutional provisions are scattered over various Acts of Parliament. The British constitution is the product of a long-term historical evolution. It is the sum total of the common law over the years. The basic principle of the British Constitution is obscure. However, the United States has a written constitution which is very difficult to change. The United States Constitution is the fundamental law of America, which establishes the legal basis for the American political system.The US Constitution has four major principles: separation of powers, federal system, doctrine of constitutional supremacy and equality. The two purposes of the United States constitution are limiting the power of the government and protecting people's freedom.T hird is the legal system. American and British legislative systems have the sameprinciples in general Parliament is the center of the British political stage and is Britain's top legislative branch. The government is elected from the parliament and it should be responsible for the parliament. Parliament is a bicameral legislature. The House of Commons and the House of Lords constitute the British Parliament. In the meantime, the U.S. congress is the highest legislative branch, which consists of the senate and the House of Representatives. The main powers of congress are legislative power, supervisory power of judicial administration, examination and approval authority and amending power. In addition, congress can pass the resolution which does not need the president to sign.2.What is the role of the Monarch in the UK?Monarchy is the oldest form of government in the United Kingdom.In a monarchy, a king or queen is Head of State. The British monarchy is known as a constitutional monarchy. This means that, while The Sovereign is Head of State, the ability to make and pass legislation resides with an elected Parliament.Although the British Sovereign no longer has a political or executive role, he or she continues to play an important part in the life of the nation.As Head of State, The Monarch undertakes constitutional and representational duties which have developed over one thousand years of history. In addition to these State duties, The Monarch has a less formal role as 'Head of Nation'. The Sovereign acts as a focus for national identity, unity and pride; gives a sense of stability and continuity; officially recognises success and excellence; and supports the ideal of voluntary service.3.How do you comment on the British education system?课本66页简述+First，these deucation can develop their creativity and imagination maybe that is why there are so mang Nobel Prize's winners and plenty of inventions.Second,these education can give them a chance to enter a famous college like Oxford and Cambridge which is the best single way to guarantee them a successful career.Third these education can develop their patriotism which is important to a country.Of course ,this will lead to a peaceful society.These education can also inspire their passion to make countribution to their society to make a more prosperoty country. These education make a fully developed person who always knows what he wants to do and how to do it well,and then he can live a happy life.4. What do you think of the Open University in Britain?5. How do you comment on the American education system?7题补充：18. How do people celebrate Halloween?P277Every October 31, both children and adults slip into the night as ghosts, princesses and pirates, and tell tales of witches and ghosts. Pumpkins are carved into glowering (怒视的) jack-o'-lanterns (a kind of lantern南瓜做的杰克灯笼). Children parade from house to house, knocking on doors and calling out "Trick or treat!" hoping to have their bags filled with candy. It can be a night of fun for those who participate.17. What does Guy Fawkes’ Day celebrate? P26316.Discuss the development in the US magazine industry and identify the strengths and weaknesses of the magazine medium.P24915.Discuss the main services of the British national public broadcaster the BBC.P23014.List the famous broadcasters in the UK and the USA and try to make a comparison between the broadcasting systems in the two countries.Media of the United Kingdom consist of several different types of communications media: television, radio, newspapers, magazines, and Web sites. The country also has a strong music industry. The United Kingdom has a diverse range of providers, the most prominent being the state-owned public service broadcaster, the BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation). Regional media is covered by local radio, television and print newspapers.USA Broadcasting was an American media company owned by veteran entertainment industry executive Barry Diller. This network was the over-the-air broadcasting arm of USA Network.。
大英3翻译UNIT 1。2
UNIT1 名气之尾Para 1 艺术家追求成名，如同狗自逐其尾，一旦追到手，除了继续追逐不知还能做些什么。
成功之残酷正在于它常常让那些追逐成功者自寻毁灭。
Para 2 对一名正努力追求成功并刚刚崭露头角的艺术家，其亲朋常常会建议“正经的饭碗不能丢！”他们的担心不无道理。
追求出人头地，最乐观地说也困难重重，许多人到最后即使不是穷困潦倒，也是几近精神崩溃。
尽管如此，希望赢得追星族追捧和同行赞扬之类的不太纯洁的动机却在激励着他们向前。
享受成功的无上光荣，这种诱惑不是能轻易抵挡的。
Para 3a 成名者之所以成名，大多是因为发挥了自己在歌唱、舞蹈、绘画或写作等方面的特长，并能形成自己的风格。
为了能迅速走红，经纪人会极力吹捧他们的这种风格。
他们青云直上的过程让人看不清楚。
他们究竟是怎么成功的，大多数人也都说不上来。
尽管如此，艺术家仍然不能闲下来。
Para 3b 若表演者、画家或作家感到厌烦，他们的作品就难以继续保持以前的吸引力，也就难以保持公众的注意力。
公众的热情消磨以后，就会去追捧下一个走红的人。
Para 3c 有些艺术家为了不落伍，会对他们的写作、跳舞或唱歌的风格稍加变动，但这将冒极大的失宠的危险。
公众对于他们藉以成名的艺术风格以外的任何形式都将不屑一顾。
Para 4 知名作家的文风一眼就能看出来，如田纳西·威廉斯的戏剧、欧内斯特·海明威的情节安排、罗伯特·弗罗斯特或T.S. 艾略特的诗歌等。
同样，像莫奈、雷诺阿、达利这样的画家，希区柯克、费里尼、斯皮尔伯格、陈凯歌或张艺谋这样的电影制作人也是如此。
他们鲜明独特的艺术风格标志着与别人不同的艺术形式上的重大变革，这让他们名利双收，但也让他们付出了代价，那就是失去了用其他风格或形式表现自我的自由。
Para 5 名气这盏聚光灯可比热带丛林还要炙热。
骗局很快会被揭穿，过多的关注带来的压力会让大多数人难以承受。
它让你失去自我。
你必须是公众认可的那个你，而不是真实的你或是可能的你。
英美文学100题翻译
英美文学100题翻译1.the work that presented,for the first time in English literature,a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created a whole gallery of vivid character from all walks of life is Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales.在英国文学里提到的作品里，第一次全面逼真地刻画了中世纪英国社会，创造了一个来自各行各业的生动画面的作品是杰弗里·乔叟的坎特伯雷故事集。
2.Geoffrey Chaucer is regarded as the father of English poetry.乔叟被视为英文诗歌之父，3.The verse form of heroic couplet was introduced into English poetry and employed in the poem with true ease and charm for the first time in the history of English literature by Geoffrey Chaucer. 在英国文学史上，第一次在英文诗中引入英雄对联诗体，真正方便和体现了诗的魅力，是有乔叟开始的。
4.The Canterbury Tales presents a whole gallery of vivid characters,the team of pilgrims,people from all walks of life,including 31 members altogether.坎特伯雷故事集呈现的是从各行各业的所有人的生动的人物形象，比如朝圣者的队伍，其中一共包括31名成员。
英美文化考题翻译1-2-3
UK Unit 1 The COUNTRY1. Read the following statements carefully and then decide whether they are true or false. Puta “T” if you think the statement is true and an “F" if it is not。
1.The United Kingdom and Northern Island is located in northern Europe。
( F )英国和北爱尔兰坐落在北欧。
(注：北爱尔兰是英国的一部分，而英国位于西欧，即Western Europe,是一个岛国）2.The United Kingdom consists of four political divisions ---——— England, Scotland，Wales and Ireland. （F）英国包含四个政治分区，分别是英格兰，苏格兰，威尔士和爱尔兰。
（注：爱尔兰是西欧的一个国家,此处应为“北爱尔兰"即Norther Island，这才是英国的一个地区。
）3.England is one of the two large islands in the British Isles. （ F ）英格兰是不列颠群岛上的两个大岛屿之一.（注:不列颠群岛包括大不列颠岛、爱尔兰岛、马恩岛及附近的5 500多个小岛;英国全称为大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国，有大不列颠岛上的英格兰，苏格兰,威尔士和爱尔兰岛上的北爱尔兰组成.大不列颠岛和爱尔兰岛才是不列颠群岛上的两个大岛屿，英格兰是大不列颠岛上的岛屿之一.）4.The British Isles are made up of three large islands and hundreds of small ones。
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；UK Unit 1 The COUNTRY1. Read the following statements carefully and then decide whether they are true or false. Put a “T” if you think the statement is true and an “F” if it is not.United Kingdom and Northern Island is located in northern Europe. ( F )英国和北爱尔兰坐落在北欧。
（注：北爱尔兰是英国的一部分，而英国位于西欧，即Western Europe，是一个岛国）2.The United Kingdom consists of four political divisions ------ England,Scotland, Wales and Ireland. ( F )英国包含四个政治分区，分别是英格兰，苏格兰，威尔士和爱尔兰。
（注：爱尔兰是西欧的一个国家，此处应为“北爱尔兰”即Norther Island，这才是英国的一个地区。
）3.《4.England is one of the two large islands in the British Isles. ( F )英格兰是不列颠群岛上的两个大岛屿之一。
（注：不列颠群岛包括大不列颠岛、爱尔兰岛、马恩岛及附近的5 500多个小岛；英国全称为大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国，有大不列颠岛上的英格兰，苏格兰，威尔士和爱尔兰岛上的北爱尔兰组成。
大不列颠岛和爱尔兰岛才是不列颠群岛上的两个大岛屿，英格兰是大不列颠岛上的岛屿之一。
）5.The British Isles are made up of three large islands and hundreds of smallones. ( F )不列颠群岛由三个大岛屿和许多小岛屿组成。
（注：由两个大岛屿和其他小岛组成，大岛屿为大不列颠岛和爱尔兰岛）6.Wales lies on the east coast of the island of Great Britain. ( F )威尔士坐落在大不列颠岛的东海岸。
（注：威尔士坐落在大不列颠岛的西海岸，即west coast）7.&8.The Commonwealth of Nations is a free association of independent countries that all used to be colonies of Britain. ( F )英联邦是独立国家的自由组合，而且这些国家过去都被殖民过。
（注：英联邦—英语：Commonwealth of Nations，是一个以英国为主导的国家联合体，由54个主权国家（含属地）所组成，成员大多为前大英帝国的殖民地或附属国，但并非所有。
）9.In Scotland, rugged mountains, green valleys, and deep, blue lakes provide some of the most beautiful scenery in Europe. ( T )在苏格兰，崎岖的山岭，绿色的山谷和深蓝色的湖为欧洲展现了最美的风景。
10.Britain’s longest river is the Thames. ( F )英国最长的河流是泰晤士河。
（注：英国最长的河流是塞汶河Severn）11.<12.The largest lake in Britain is the Lough Neagh in northwest England.( F )英国最大的湖是位于英格兰西北部的内伊湖。
（注：内伊湖作为英国最大的湖泊，位于北爱尔兰的中部）13.Britain’s climate is influenced by the Gulf Stream, a warm ocean current that sweeps up from the equator and flows past the British Isles. ( T )英国的气候受到墨西哥湾暖流的影响，从赤道流向大不列颠群岛。
2. The following are questions or incomplete sentences. Below each sentence or question four possible answers marked A, B, C and D are provided. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence or answers the question.1. The British Isles are made up of __C_____.^不列颠群岛由什么组成A. three large islands and hundreds of small ones.B. three large islands and dozens of small ones.C. two large islands and hundreds of small ones.（两个大岛屿和好几百个小岛屿）D. two large islands and dozens of small ones.2.Which of the following is NOT a political division on the island of GreatBritain___C___下面哪一个不是大不列颠群岛上的政治分区,A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. Northern Ireland（北爱尔兰）D. Wales（注：北爱尔兰在爱尔兰岛上）3.Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the__B___ and the North Sea in the east.英国通过南边的英吉利海峡和东边的北海与欧洲的其他国家相分隔。
A. eastB. southC. westD. northRepublic of Ireland became independent in the year__D__.爱尔兰共和国是在哪一年独立的A. 1920B. 1945C. 1918D. 1949;highest mountain in Britain, Ben Nevis, lies in ___A___.英国最高的山——本尼维斯山，坐落在A. the Highlands （高原地区）B. the Southern UplandsC. the Central LowlandsD. the Lake District6.The British Empire was replaced by the British Commonwealth or theCommonwealth of Nations in _B____.大英帝国被英联邦所取代是在哪一年A. 1921B. 1931C. 1945D. 19507.All the following are natural zones in Scotland, except __C___.<以下所有的都是苏格兰的自然区，除了____A. Highlands in the northB. the Central lowlandsC. the Eastern lowlands （东部低地）D. the Southern uplands8.The mountain system the Pennines is often called the backbone of __A___.奔您山脉常常被称为是_____的支柱性山系A. England（英格兰）B. ScotlandC. Great BritainD. Ireland9.The regional capital of Northern Ireland is ___D__.北爱尔兰的首都是·A. GlasgowB. EdinburghC. CardiffD. Belfast（贝尔法斯特）10.Which of the following statements about the climate in Britain is NOTtrue___B___关于英国的气候，下面哪一个是错误的A. Britain’s climate is of the maritime typeB. Winters in Britain are extremely cold（英国的冬天极度寒冷）注：英国属温带海洋性气候。
全年温和湿润，四季寒暑变化不大。
C. Summers in Britain are coolD. Britain is warmer than Harbin in winter%Unit 2 THE PEOPLEQuiz1. Read the following statements carefully and then decide whether they are true or false. Put a “T” if you think the statement is true and an “F” if it is not.1. The English, the Scots, and the Welsh are Anglo-Saxons, but the Irish areCelts. ( F )英格兰人，苏格兰人和威尔士人是盎格鲁萨克逊人，但是爱尔兰人是凯尔特人。
（注：英国民族大体上分原住民凯尔特民族以及北欧来的盎格鲁——撒克逊民族。
苏格兰人和爱尔兰人是凯尔特人）2.London and England as a whole have great influence over the rest of the UnitedKingdom because of their large population. ( T )—由于人口众多，伦敦和英格兰对英联邦的其他地区产生了很大的影响。
3.People of Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi origin are the largest group ofimmigrants in Britain. ( T )在英国，来自印度、巴基斯坦和孟加拉国的人组成了最大的移民团体。