英美文化与英汉翻译(原-)

Part II. Translate the following English into Chinese1. Martin Luther King (p. 8英美文化与英汉翻译) 马丁。

路德。

金“To be a Negro in America is to hope against hope,” wrote Martin Luther King in the last year of his life. The advance of the black man in the United States, from the position of slave to that of proud and equal citizen, is slow. The black man’s hopes have often ended in despair.“Of the good things in life he has about one-half those of whites; of the bad he has twice those of whites,” wrote Dr. King . half of all black people lived in poor houses. They received about half as much pay as whites. They had twice as many of their people out of work and twice as many babies dead for lack of proper care. Allowing for their numbers, twice as many black men as white fought in the war in Vietnam, and twice as many died in that war. Most black people still did work that was unpleasant and poorly paid. It was the only work they could get.“在美国，做一个黑人就等于在无望中抱存一线希望，”马丁·路德·金在他生命的最后一年这样写道。

在美国，黑人的社会地位由奴隶上升为自豪和平等的公民，这个发展历程是缓慢的。

黑人的希望常常以绝望而告终。

“他所拥有的生活中的幸福只有大约白人的一半；而他所经受的痛苦却是白人的两倍，”马丁·路德·金博士写道。

黑人中的一半都住在破旧的房子里。

他们的工资大约是白人的一半。

他们拥有两倍于白人的失业人数。

他们因缺少适当的照顾而死亡的婴儿是白人的两倍。

考虑一下这些数字，两倍于白人的黑人男子在越南战场中作战，两倍于白人的黑人男子在那场战争死亡。

大多数黑人仍然做着那些低级，收入很低的工作。

这是他们唯一能够找到的工作。

2. Prohibition(p.20英美文化与英汉翻译) 禁酒There exists in the United States at this time a powerful group of persons who are specializing in the pursuit of crime on an organized scale. They utilize the latest technologies and scientific know-how in the conduct of their operations, which span the continent from coast to coast. Until recently, the most important underworld tycoons came from an older generation, which won fame during the era of Prohibition. Now, a younger group of persons is striving to gain greater influence in criminal circles as some of the older criminals are dying out.美国目前存在一个有很大势力的犯罪团伙，专门有组织地从事犯罪活动。

他们利用最新技术和科学知识做案，行踪遍及美国全境。

在这之前，最有影响的黑社会老大都是在禁酒时期起家老一辈。

现在，一些年事已高的犯罪首领都相继死去，一群年轻人正在犯罪集团中扩大势力范围。

3. Democracy(p. 21英美文化与英汉翻译) 民主Almost all Americans want to be democratic, but many Americans are confused about what, exactly, democracy means. How do you know when someone is acting in a democratic---or an undemocratic –- way? Recently several groups have spoken out with particular bitterness against the kind of democracy that means equal opportunity for all, regardless of race or national origin. They act as if all human beings did not belong to one species, as if some races of mankind were inferior to others in their capacity to learn what members of other races know and have invented. Other extremists attack religious groups---Jews or Catholics---or deny the right of an individual tobe an agnostic. One reason that these extremists, who explicitly do not want to be democratic, can get a hearing even though their views run counter to the Constitution and our traditional values is that people who do want to be democratic are frequently muddled.几乎所有的美国人都崇尚民主，但是许多美国人并没有搞清民主到底指的是什么。

怎么知道某人的行为是民主的还是不民主的呢？最近，一些团体愤愤不平地反对民主，即不分种族国籍人人机会均等的观点。

他们这样做就好象说所有的人类并不属于同一种群，好象某些人种在学习其他人种的经验和发明创造的能力不如别人。

另外一些极端分子攻击宗教团体—犹太教或天主教--或否认个人信奉不可知论的权利。

尽管这些明确表示不想要民主的极端分子的观点与宪法和我们传统的价值观念背道而驰，他们仍然能够得以申诉自己的观点，其原因就是崇尚民主的人们往往是糊里糊涂的。

4. Reconstruction (p. 42英美文化与英汉翻译) 重建As the Union armies pressed forward Lincoln gave increasing attention to the problem of restoring peace when victory was achieved. It must be done, he said in his second inaugural address, “With malice toward none; with charity for all …”Desiring a speedy reconstruction of a united republic, he set forth a simple plan. Ten percent of the voters in Confederate state, if they took an oath of allegiance to the United States, could organize a government and resume their old place in the federal union. By 1866 several states were putting the plan into operation. But strong opposition had developed in Congress. Many Republicans believed that such generosity was unrealistic. They felt that there should be more punishment for Southern traitors and more protection for freed slaves. The whole question of Reconstruction remained unsettled at the time of Lincoln’s death.随着联邦军队向前推进，林肯越来越多地考虑胜利后重建和平的问题。

他在第二次就职演讲中说，“重建和平必须不对任何人怀有敌意，而要让每人受惠…”林肯渴望尽快地重建团结的共和国，提出了一个简便易行的计划。

联盟各洲中如果有百分之十的人宣誓效忠美国，这些人就可以组成政府，恢复他们在联邦中原有的地位。

到1865年，已经有好几个州将这个计划付诸实施。

但是，对此国会中形成了强烈的反对势力。

许多共和党人认为如此宽大是不切实际的。

他们觉得南方叛国者应当受到更严厉的惩罚，而被解放的黑奴应当受到更多的保护。

在林肯去世时，共和国的重建问题仍未解决。

5. Silicon Valley (P. 59 英美文化与英汉翻译) 硅谷The consequences of a big fall would extend far beyond a dip in the price of Silicon Valley property and sales of luxury cars. The biggest effect would be felt in the new--issue market. A number of deals are already being quietly held back. Nobody wants to be the first to pull the plug, because that would be an admission of weakness. But once one does, expects others to follow. A month ago, it was rare for a new issue to trade below its offer price. Now, over 40% do. A dozen offerings from the past year are almost worthless.硅谷位于美国加州旧金山附近的圣克拉拉县，该地区因集中了一大批半导体公司及新兴的信息产业而声名远播，由于硅谷是制造半导体的原料，所以这个地区便成为“硅谷”。