乳腺解剖

Over time, due to factors scientist poorly understand, the cells in the breast lobules and ducts may undergo changes. Some of these changes increase a woman’s risk of developing breast cancer while other changes are cancerous. To understand these changes let’s look at a duct in cross section. This view is what it would be seen if a piece of breast tissue were removed from the breast and then examined under a microscope. 随着时间推移, 由于某些无法解释的原因, 乳腺小叶和乳管会发生变化. 有些 变化会增加妇女罹患乳腺癌的风险. 而有些变化本身就是癌变. 要了解这些 变化, 让我们来看一看乳腺的横截面.
Axillary tail (Tail of Spence)
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胸大肌 背阔肌 锯前肌指状突起
腹外斜肌
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有一层结缔组织称为乳腺浅筋 膜, 它覆盖乳腺实体组织. 乳房 位于胸腔前表面, 被下面的肋 骨和肌肉支撑.在乳腺的下方 是胸小肌. 胸小肌是较小, 位置 较深的肌肉. 在乳房的旁侧和 后侧的较宽的胸大肌.
Lobe
Lobar duct
Lactiferous sinus (ampulla)
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A breast contains 15-18 lobes and therefore 15-18 lobar ducts. The lobar ducts are also referred to as lactiferous ducts. Each lactiferous duct has an opening on the surface of the nipple. There is a dilated region in each lactiferous duct just deep to the surface of the nipple. This dilated area is referred to as the ampulla.
Central axillary nodes
Brachial (lateral axillary)
nodes
thoracic vessels.
Subscapular
乳腺的大部分淋巴液流入腋窝淋巴
(posterior axillary) nodes
。 腋窝富含淋巴管和淋巴结。小部
分乳腺内下侧淋巴液引流入胸内脉
乳腺是皮下结构，包括乳腺，纤维组织，脂肪组织。在皮肤上覆盖乳晕以及 乳头。
乳腺Milk glands
结缔组织 Fibrous tissue
Adipose tissue (fat) 脂肪
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Nipple 乳头
Areola 乳晕
The portion of the breast that extends toward or into the underarm or axilla is referred to as the axillary tail of the breast or the tail of Spence. 乳房延伸至腋下部分称为腋尾。
一个乳房有15-18个乳叶和15-18个乳管. 乳管也称为乳汁输送管. 每个乳汁输送管在其乳头处有一个开口. 在乳头深处, 每个乳汁输送 管都有一个膨胀部位, 称为壶腹.
Lobular duct Lobar duct (Lactiferous duct)
Lobule
Ampulla
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Nipple
管的淋巴系统。
Pectoral (anterior axillary)
nodes
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For convention the axillary lymph nodes are divided into three groups:
1.Pectoral or level 1 (inferior to pectoralis minor
The pectoralis major and minor muscles are both surrounded by a layer of fascia referred to as deep fascia. The superficial layer of the deep fascia of the pectoralis major muscle is in contact with the deep layer of the superficial fascia that surrounds the breast. These two surfaces normally glide over one another allowing a woman‘s breast to move. If anything were to occur that prevented this type of normal motion the breast becomes immobile and is referred to as “fixed”. Specifically, this situation may occur if a cancer grows from the breast into these layers.
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Lobule
Lobular duct
Many lobules together form a lobe of the breast. The duct that carries the secretions from all the lobules in a lobe is referred to as a lobar duct. 许多个小叶汇聚成乳叶. 小叶分泌物汇聚流入 乳管.
表层浅筋膜
Retromammary space 乳后间隙
锁骨下动静脉 腋静脉 腋动脉
The arterial blood supply to the breast originates from branches of the axillary, internal thoracic and subclavian arteries. The venous drainage of the breast empties into branches of the internal thoracic, axillary and intercostal veins. 乳腺血供来自腋窝、胸内和锁骨 下动脉。静脉引流自胸内、腋窝 和肋间静脉。
Lymph nodes Lymphatics
The majority of the lymphatic fluid
Parasternal (internal thoracic) nodes
from a breast drains to the ipsilateral axilla. The axilla is rich in both lymphatic channels and
胸内动静脉分支
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Lymph is a fluid that filters between the cells of tissue and then drains into its own set of transport channels. Lymph fluid may carry infectious organisms, toxins or cancerous cells. The channels that carry the lymph fluid are referred to as lymphatics. These lymphatics usually travel near or with the vascular supply of a tissue. Small lymphatics drain into larger lymphatics and eventually all the lymphatic fluid empties into one of the large veins in the thoracic cavity. Along the course of these lymphatic channels are soft tissue structures called lymph glands or nodes. The lymph glands act as filters to remove harmful substances from the lymph fluid. 淋巴是在组织间进行过滤的液体, 它流入自己 的输送渠道. 淋巴液载送感染性有机物, 毒素 和癌细胞. 载送淋巴液的渠道称为淋巴管。 这 些淋巴管通常在组织周围流动并且将组织维 管联结。 小的淋巴管流入大的淋巴管， 并且 最终所有的淋巴液流入胸腔的某个大血管。 在这些淋巴管道的路程中有一些软组织称为 淋巴腺或淋巴结。 这些淋巴结象过滤器一样 过滤淋2巴020液/4/2中的有害物质。
attachment) 第三站淋巴结（胸小肌上）
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It is believed that the majority of the lymph drainage from the breast toward the axilla travels to the level 1 axillary nodes then to the level 2 axillary nodes and then to the level 3 axillary nodes. 普遍认为大部分的乳腺的腋窝淋巴引流 都是从第一站到第二站到第三站。