初中英语句子结构讲解及练习题-教案Word版

纽威教育6T教材系列

第二十一讲句子结构

时间： 2014 年月日李老师学生姓名

一、兴趣导入

pull one's leg 开玩笑(不是“拉后腿”)

eat one's words 收回前言(不是“吃话”)

an apple of love 西红柿(不是“爱情之果”)

handwriting on the wall 不祥之兆(不是“大字报”)

bring down the house 博得全场喝彩(不是“推倒房子”)（编辑：）

think a great deal of oneself 高看或看重自己(不是“为自己想得很多”) pull up one's socks 鼓起勇气(不是“提上袜子”)

二、学前测试

用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（—）、谓语（＝）、宾语（～）：I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs

along channels to different parts of the garden.

三、方法培养

组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语、主语补足语和同位语，其中主语、谓语、和宾语是句子的主要成分，其余的均为次要成分。

1.主语

主语是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。

○1名词或名词短语作主语

Weather in our coastal city is nice and cool in summer. 夏季我们沿海城市的天气舒适、凉爽。

○2代词作主语

He told a joke but it fell flat. 他说了个笑话，但没引人发笑。

○3数词作主语

Three is enough for each of us.

三个对于我们每个人来说就足够了。

○4动词不定式或不定式短语作主语

To become a player like Yao Ming is my wish. 成为像姚明一样的运动员是我的心愿。

○5名词化形容词和名词化分词作主语

To wounded should be sent to hospital at once. 受伤人员应立即送往医院。○6动词的—ing 形式作主语

Taking a walk after supper is good for our health.

晚饭后散步对我们的健康有好处。

○7从句作主语

作主语的从句称为主语从句，可由that, whether, wh—词等引导。

Whenever you are ready will be fine. 你无论什么时候准备好都行。

2.谓语

说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如：

I felt cold.我感觉冷。（系动词+表语）

How can I get to the Great Wall? 我怎样能到达长城？（情态动词+实义动词）

3.宾语

宾语是及物动词所涉及的对象，一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。

如：

They are teachers. 他们是老师。（名词）

We enjoy playing football.我们喜欢踢足球。（动名词）

4.定语

用于修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如：

She is a chemistry teacher. 她是一个化学老师。（名词）

I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告诉你。（形

容词）

5.状语

用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或从句放在句首或句末。副词修饰动词时应放于动词之后。如：

The students study hard. 这些学生学习努力。（副词）

We were having dinner when the telephone rang.电话铃响时我们正在吃晚饭。（从句）

6.表语

用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有：be, look, get, sound(听起来)，feel, become, smell, turn等。如：

○1名词作表语

She is an ordinary teacher. 她是一个普通的老师。

○2代词作表语