皮肌炎和多发性肌炎的病因和发病机制的研究进展

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(收稿日期:2002-11-12)

·综述·

皮肌炎和多发性肌炎的病因和发病机制的研究进展赵肖庆郑捷

摘要皮肌炎和多发性肌炎的发病有一定的遗传倾向,但在不同的人群中并不相同。感染可能会引起皮肌炎和多发性肌炎的发病。肿瘤与皮肌炎和多发性肌炎相关。皮肌炎的原发损害可能在毛细血管,多发性肌炎主要是由肌肉内浸润的细胞毒性T细胞杀伤肌细胞。目前认为这个杀伤机制主要是通过穿孔素和颗粒酶。主要组织相容性复合体Ⅰ类分子表达异常对于肌炎的发生有重要作用。

关键词皮肌炎多发性肌炎病因

皮肌炎(DM)和多发性肌炎(P M)都属于特发性炎症性肌病(IIM),其共同特点是病因不明的慢性肌肉炎症以及由此而产生的肌无力症状,DM还

作者单位:200025上海第二医科大学附属瑞金医院皮肤科

本文主要缩写:D M:皮肌炎,PM:多发性肌炎,IIM:特发性炎症性肌病,HLA:人类白细胞抗原,TN Fα:肿瘤坏死因子α,MHC主要组织相容性复合体有其特征性的皮肤损害。与大多数自身免疫性疾病一样,DM与PM的发病是具有遗传易感性的个体在环境因素的作用下引起的。近来组化技术、遗传学方法和免疫学技术的发展促进了对DM和PM发病机制的了解。