英汉对比与翻译第二章

b）Expansion
• • • • b) extension of sentence parts Object extension I want to know all his secrets. TheΒιβλιοθήκη Baidustructure of the steel depends on how hot the steel gets and how quickly it is cooled.
e) Inversion
e) Inversion
• The greatest truths are the simplest, so are the greatest men.
• 最伟大的真理总是最朴素的，最伟 大的人物也是最朴素的。
e) Inversion
• Neither could theory do without practice, nor (could) practice (do) without theory. • 理论离不开实践，实践也离不开理 论。
Chapter Two
• Compact vs. Diffusive • 聚集与流散
Chapter Two Compact vs. Diffusive
• 1. Compact English sentences • 2. Diffusive Chinese sentences • 3. Difference between English and Chinese sentence patterns • 4. Translation
d) Omission
• Every language has its peculiarities; they are established by usage, and whether (they are) right or wrong, they must be complied with. • 每种语言都有特点，这些特点是在 习惯使用中形成的，不论正确与否， 都得遵守。
• 人们所知道的几个星球并不比地球大多 少，但绝大多数的星球却足以容纳成千 上万个地球还绰绰有余。
•
Our Charter, being a historical product, has its limitations, and although we have always considered that strict respect for the principles it embodies is the key to considerable progress in international coexistence, we now venture to suggest certain changes, which are technical rather than political, to improve the machinery available to the Organization, since the lofty aims to which we aspire will be the more readily attainable the better the machinery at our disposal.
• The kaleidoscope of shifting interests of the nations during the negotiation made it impossible to sort out the ―winners‖ and ―losers‖.
• 谈判期间，各国的利益变化不定，好像万花筒似的， 这就使人难以分辨出究竟谁是“胜者”，谁是“输 家”。
• 钢的结构及其形成的性质，取决于加热的温度和冷却 的速度。
c) Combination
c) Combination
• Simple sentences • Compound sentences • Complex sentences
c) Combination
• A few stars are known. • The stars are hardly bigger than the earth. • The majority of the stars are large. • Thousands of earths could be packed inside each and leave room to spare. •
2) Changes of basic sentence patterns • • • • • a）Conversion b）Extension c）Combination d）Omission e）Inversion
a）Conversion
• Statement Question • The meeting began. • Has the meeting begun?
d) Omission
d) Omission
• To err is human, to forgive divine. • 人孰能无过，恕过者神。
d) Omission
• If one had but two heads and neither required sleep! • (= It would be nice if one had but two heads and neither required sleep!) • 人要是有两个脑袋，而且都不需要 睡觉，那就好了!
• 周恩来的房门打开了。他们看到了一位身材修长的人，比 普通人略高，目光炯炯，面貌引人注目。称得上清秀。
b）Extension
• • • • b) extension of sentence parts Subject extension The drinking of the water is dangerous. Who will be the winner is not known yet.
1. Compact English Sentences
• 1) Five basic English sentence patterns • 2) Changes of basic sentence pattern • 3) Causes for compactness
1) Five basic English sentence patterns
a）Conversion
―There be…‖ • There was a knock at the door.
b）Extension
b）Extension
• a）adding modifier • Now the integrated circuit has reduced by many times the size of the computer of which it forms a part, thus creating a new generation of portable minicomputers.
a）Conversion
• Affirmative Negative • The telephone rang. • The telephone did not ring.
a）Conversion
• Active Passive • He painted the door green. • The door was painted green.
1. Compact English Sentences
1. Compact English Sentences
• English sentence structure: • NP + VP (kernel) • S-V concord • Connective-nexus • Compactness
• 现在集成电路成了计算机的组成部分，使计算机的体积大 大缩小，从而产生了新一代的袖珍式微型计算机。
b）Extension
• a）adding modifier
• When Zhou Enlai’s door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful.
• b) extension of sentence parts • Adverbial extension • It would be nice if one had two heads and neither required sleep.
b）Expansion
• b) extension of sentence parts
d) Omission
• A serious matter this for you and me. (= A serious matter is this for you and me./ This is a serious matter for you and me.) 对你和我来说，这是件严重的事情。
b）Expansion
• b) extension of sentence parts • Attribute extension • Can you see the girl who is wearing a blue skirt? • He is a man of great talent.
b）Expansion
b）Expansion
• b) extension of sentence parts
• The structure of the steel and the resulting properties will depend on how hot the steel gets and how quickly or slowly it is cooled.
c) Combination
• A few stars are known which are hardly bigger than the earth, but the majority are so large that hundreds of thousands of earths could be packed inside each and leave room to spare.
e) Inversion
• Such treatment I did not expect, for I never had a patron before.
• 这种待遇是我所未曾料到的，因为 过去我从未有过恩主。
e) Inversion
• Naked you want it, naked you’ll have it. • 你要求把事实和盘托出，那就这样 吧。
• • • • • SV The telephone rang. SVP We are students. SVO Labour created man. SVoO She sang us a song. SVOC He painted the door green.
2) Changes of basic sentence patterns
c) Combination
• 我们的宪章，作为历史产物，有其局限 性。因此，尽管我们一向认为，严格地 尊重宪章所体现的原则是国际共处中取 得可观进步的关键，我们仍然冒昧地建 议作出某些变更——技术性的而非政治 性的变更——借以改善本组织现有的机 构，因为我们所掌握的机构越完善，我 们所向往的崇高目标就越容易达到。
e) Inversion
• Deal with us nobly, women though we be.
• 虽然我们是妇女，请以高尚的态度 对待我们。
e) Inversion
• Never was night so still; never was a sky so deeply blue, nor stars so bright and serene. • 夜从无如此沉寂，天从无如此深蓝， 星亦从无如此明亮。