英汉语言对比与翻译练习

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英汉语言对比与翻译

英汉语言对比与翻译

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第二小点:‘有人就提前’
Unfortunately, the grey and blue cotton pieces reached us whereas our order was for a selection of the green and orange ones. 很遗憾,我们收到的棉制品是灰色的和蓝色的,而 我们订货时选的是绿色的和桔黄色的。 A fair comparison of quality between our products and similar articles from other sources will convince you of the reasonableness of our quotation. 贵方只要把我们的产品质量与别处的同类产品质量 比一比,就会知道我们的报价是合理的。
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第五小点:抽象变火人
If understanding prevails, WTO is in a position to replace confrontation with agreement; it cannot be pull off. 如果大家能普遍接受的话,WTO就能用协议 取代对抗,而这项工作不能在拖延下去了。
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第三小点:人多挑一个
Spectacular economic results ultimately won impressive staff support for the reformer manager. A.惊人的经济成果最终赢得了职工对这位改革派经 理的热情支持。 B. 到头来,职工们对这位改革派经理取得的惊人的 经济成果给予了热情的支持。 C. 这位改革派经理取得了惊人的经济成果,最终赢 得了职工们热情的支持。 D.这位改革派经理取得了惊人的经济成果,职工们 给予了热情的支持。

英汉语言对比与翻译作业

英汉语言对比与翻译作业

英汉语言对比与翻译作业1. It is flattering to believe that they are too profound to be expressed so clearly that all who run may read, and very naturally it does not occur to such writers that the fault is with their own minds which have not the faculty of precise reflection.翻译:认为自己的思想深奥,不可能表达得很清楚,让任何人都能理解,这是一种虚荣的念头。

这样的作家当然不会想到,问题还是出在自己脑子缺乏精确思考的能力。

2. He had a disconcerting habit of expressing contradictory ideas in rapid succession.翻译:他有一种令人不安的习惯:一会儿一个看法,自相矛盾,变化无常。

3.While the present century was in its teens, and on one sunshiny morning in June, there drove up to the great iron gate of Miss Pinkerton’s academy for young ladies, on Chiswick Mall, a large family coach, with two fat horses in blazing harness, driven by a fat coachman in athree-cornered hat and wig, at the rate of four miles an hour. (Thackeray)翻译:(当时)这个世纪刚过了十几年。

英汉句式对比与翻译

英汉句式对比与翻译

of the total population of the earth, China plays in world
affairs a role that can only grow more important in the
years ahead.
-- Jimmy Carter
Trunk line: S + V + (O) Branches and sub-branches : Adverbials and attributes
• 这样的英语句子,结构显得过于松散了,变成汉式英语而非典型地道的英语句子了。
为什么会这样呢?
• 英汉句子的差异:形合与意合 • 这种差异在翻译中给译者带来一定的障碍。将一个重形合的
语篇译成重意合的语篇,最常见的错误就是将形合的特点迁 移(transfer)到重意合的语言中。 • 翻译中译者面临的困难很多,但句型结构的迁移是最大的障 碍。现在不少译者的译文充斥着英语的句法结构,甚至还美 其名曰“忠实于原文”,这种观念实在有害。
• 英语的结构性就很明显,如:
• It is a curious fact, of which I can think of no satisfactory
explanation, that enthusiasm for country life and love of
• Because there is a great distance and there are not enough transport facilities, the rural world is isolated. This isolation has become more serious because there are not enough information media.

英汉句子比较与翻译

英汉句子比较与翻译

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傅雷:东方人与西方人的思维方式有基本分歧,我人重综合,重归纳,重暗示,重含蓄;西方人则重分析,细微曲折,挖掘唯恐不尽,描写唯恐不周。
汉语学家王力:西洋语法是硬的,没有弹性;中国语法是软的,富有弹性。……所以中国语法以达意为主。 英国人写文章往往化零为整,而中国人写文章却往往化整为零。
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2
3
5
这个问题必须予以处理。
6
This matter must be dealt with.
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无被动助词
1
看似主动,但在主谓关系上却有被动含义,这种语言现象在汉语中大量存在。
2
例句:
3
那里讲什么语言?
4
What language is spoken there?
5
这个任务必须按时完成。
6
This task must be fulfilled in time.
There is nothing wrong with this computer.
这台电脑没有什么毛病。
2 –ible, -able 结尾的形容词作定语,与every, the only或形容词最高级连用来修饰一个名词时,也常需后置。 The doctors have tried every way possible. 大夫们已经试过各种可能的办法了。 They had the greatest difficulty imaginable getting there in time. 为了能及时赶到那儿,他们克服了极大的困难。 It is the only wild berry edible here in this area. 它是这个地区惟一能食用的野莓。
I worked very hard on this book.

英汉互译英汉语言对比练习2

英汉互译英汉语言对比练习2

英语语言对比练习分析句子内部结构和关系,翻译时注意母语的迁移现象:1. 人到齐就开会。

2.不要人云亦云。

3. 帐单撕碎了。

4. 问题解决了。

5.你再说一个字,我马上走6. 你死了,我去当和尚。

7. 人在阵地在。

8. 人无远虑,必有近忧。

9. 病来如山倒,病去如抽丝。

10. 我来他已去。

11. 他人老心不老。

12. He wore dark glasses, and thick jersey, and stopped up his ears with cotton wool.13. Some Americans pop across the border simply to fuel up on flavorful Mexican food and beer.14. But his attack was always repulsed击退by a kick or blow from a stick.15. Kino hurrying towards to his house, felt a surge of exhilaration.分析观察汉语的句式并翻译:1. 他决定去拉车,/就拉车去了。

/赁了辆破车,/他先练练腿。

/第一天没拉着什么钱。

/第二天的生意不错,/可是躺了两天,/他的脚脖子肿得像两条瓠子似的,/再也抬不起来。

2. 原来这婆娘自从药死武大,/哪那里肯带孝,/每日只是浓妆艳抹,/和西门庆作一处取乐。

/听得武松叫声“武二归来了”,/慌忙去面盆里洗落了脂粉,/剥去了首饰钗环,/蓬松挽了个髻,/脱去了红裙绣袄,/旋穿上孝群孝衫,/便从楼上哽哽咽咽假哭下来。

//3. 武松沉吟了半晌,/便出门去,/径投县里来;/开了锁,/去房里换了一身素净衣服,/便叫士兵打了一条麻绦,/系在腰里;/身边藏了一把尖长柄短背厚刃薄的解腕刀,/取了些银两带在身边。

翻译时注意英汉两种语言之间修饰语的差异:•姑娘•北京姑娘•漂亮的北京姑娘•年轻漂亮的北京姑娘•身材苗条年轻漂亮的北京姑娘•两个身材苗条年轻漂亮的北京姑娘•正看着我们的两个身材苗条年轻漂亮的北京姑娘正面带笑容看着我们的两个身材苗条年轻漂亮的北京姑娘翻译下面句子,注意英汉两种语言形合与意合的差异:5.All was cleared up some time later when news came from a distant place that an earthquake was felt the very day the little copper ball fell.6.When I try to understand what it is that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes, of which one goes much deeper than the other.7. It has been a fine, golden autumn, a lovely farewell to those who would close their youth, and some of them their lives, before the leaves turned again in a peacetime fall.8. The many colors of a rainbow range from red on the outside to violet on the inside.9. He had a disconcerting habit of expressing contradictory ideas in rapid succession.10. Power can be transmitted over a great distance with practically negligible loss if it is carried by an electric current.11. The present onslaught猛攻/猛击of vehicles poses a serious threat to urban life and pedestrian peace of mind.12.He boasts that a slave is free the moment his feet touch British soil and he sells the children of the poor at six years of age to work under the lash in the factories for sixteen hours a day.13.They would have had to live the rest of their lives under the stigma耻辱/瑕疵that they had recklessly precipitated an action which wrecked the Summit Conference and conceivably could have launched a nuclear war.14. Could any spectacle, for instance, be more grimly可怕whimsical荒谬than that of gunners using science to shatter men’s bodies while, cl ose at hand, surgeons use it to restore them?15. There is nothing more disappointing to a hostess who has gone to a lot of trouble or expense than to have her guest so interested in talking politics or business with her husband that he fails to notice the flavor of the coffee, the lightness of the cake, or the attractiveness of the house, which may be her chief interest and pride.1.说是说了,没有结果。

英汉对比与翻译(全)

英汉对比与翻译(全)

语义型与形态型
Please translate the following:
不要人云亦云。 Don‟t say what others have said. 这件事,你做也好,他做也罢,我看谁都做不好。 Whether you do the matter or he does it, I‟m afraid neither will do it well. 支农惠农政策不断加强。 Policies were constantly strengthened to support and benefit agriculture. 必须采取措施在石油资源耗尽之前开发新能源。 Measures must be taken to develop new energy resources before petroleum resources are used up.
Zuo Biao
英 汉 对 比 与 翻 译
Three Parts
1. Language transfer (语言迁移) 2. Linguistic contrast(语言对比) 欢迎光临 (对比与翻译) 3. Contrast and translation
Part One
Language Transfer in FL Learning: Interference or Facilitation?
Two Typesnsfer • Positive Transfer (负迁移) (正迁移) Errors arise from Errors decrease by analogy. analysis. 类推会产生错误。 分析能减少错误。
Keen awareness of the similarities and differences between the two languages can facilitate FL learning. 对两种语言相似与相异点的敏锐意识能促进外语学习。

英汉语言对比

英汉语言对比
主语与 主题
英汉语 言对比
静态与 动态
形合与 意合
树状与 竹状
主语与主题

试比较以下的汉英句子,你有什么发现?
只要用功读书,就能提高成绩。 If one studies hard enough, one will … 国庆节七天我们第一天全家人北京路购物。 On the first day of the seven-day National Day holiday, our whole family … 刮风了,下雨了。 It is windy and rainy.
主语与主题

现在请大家通过翻译一下的简单句子掌握这一技巧。 1.I would not believe what he said. 他的话,我可不信。 2.I did not remember a single point discussed at the meeting. 会上讲了什么,我一点也没记住。 3.He is the best singer. 唱歌,他是最棒的。



形合与意合
思考:汉语也 和英语一样具 有基本句型吗?
形合与意合

在不同语言中,句子内部连接或者外部连接几乎都是用三 中手段:句法手段(Syntactic),词汇手段(Lexical equivalence)和语义手段(Semantic connection)。用前两种手段 连接成为形合(hypotaxis),用后一种手段连接成为意合 (parataxis)。 英语句法结构重形合,句中各个成分的相互结合常用适当 的连接词语,以表示其结构关系。 汉语句法结构重意合,句中各个成分的相互结合多依靠语 义的贯通,语境的映衬,少用连接词语。


英汉主语差异及翻译

英汉主语差异及翻译

德国相机的主要特点是工艺精湛,经久耐 用。
误译:The main features of German cameras are their fine workmanship and durability.
改译:The German cameras are chiefly characterized by their fine workmanship and durability.
语法上的一致:
She is a student.
They are students.
My family are all fond of playing table tennis.
Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.
The girl has seen her mother.
Labor created man. The news surprised me. 3.SVOC(主语+谓动+宾语+宾语补语) He painted door green. We elected him our monitor.
4.SVO1O2(主语+谓动+宾语1+宾语2) She sang us a song. I sent him a letter.
The government reduced the price on a large scale.
就主语和谓语动词之间存在的语义关系来 说,英语主语可以有如下七种: (1)施动主语: The hunter killed the tiger. (2)受动主语: The tiger was killed by the tiger. (3)工具主语: The gun killed the tiger. (4)地点主语: The hall seats 500.

03.英汉语言对比

03.英汉语言对比
第三章
英汉语言对比
Comparative Studies of English and Chinese Languages
课堂互动1: 翻译句子,注意语序、语态特点(参考译文)
1.I suppose that if a man has a confused mind he will write in a confused way, if his temper is capricious his prose will be fantastical, and if he has a quick, darting intelligence that is reminded by the matter in hand of a hundred things, he will, unless he has great self-control, load his pages with metaphor and simile.
【译文】这地方实在漂亮,所以许多人都把自己的家 小搬来居住。
12 返回章重点 退出
课堂互动3: 翻译句子,注意句子的结构转换(参考译文)
5.The music world and the world at large became poorer places on April 8, when Marian Anderson, the greatest alto from Philadelphia, died at 96. (按照时间顺序)
【译文】他心中的所谓文化,与人的精神心灵有关,不 能用物质的丰富,甚至艺术文明来衡量。他跟东方 人交往很久,也同情东方人;在东方人心目中,文 化也是如此。
5 返回章重点 退出
课堂互动1: 翻译句子,注意语序、语态特点(参考译文)

英汉语言对比及翻译

英汉语言对比及翻译
1. 怒安. 傅雷谈翻译[M]. 沈阳:辽宁教育出版社2005:1
3
翻译中英汉语言对比的重要意义
他也谈到了改变句法结构和保留句法 结构之间的辩证关系:“我不是说原 文的句法绝对可以不管,在最大限度 内我们是要保持原文句法的,但无论 如何,要叫人觉得尽管句法新奇而仍 不失为中文。这一点当然是不容易做 到的,……” 1
1. Delisle, J. Translation: An Interpretive Approach[M]. Eng. trans, by Logan. P & Creery. M., Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 1980: 74
2
翻译中英汉语言对比的重要意义
思果说:“千万不能跟英文走。” 2
1.刘宓庆.翻译与语言哲学[M].北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,2001: 78.)
2.思
果. 翻译研究[M]. 北京:中国对外翻译出版公司, 2001:23)
6
汉语的线性序列 与英语的空间结构
7
关于英汉语言的比喻
英语句子的结构: “葡萄藤型”结构 (grapevine structure),意为在短短的主 干上派生出长长的枝蔓和丰硕的果实;
英汉语言对比与翻译 (一)
1
翻译中英汉语言对比的重要意义
Jean Delisle, representative of French Interpretative Theory of Translation, says in his Translation: An Interpretive Approach, “In other words, each community has developed habits of expression that, over time, have been integrated into the language and lent it certain characteristics.”1

英汉语言比较与翻译

英汉语言比较与翻译

天下雨,运动会延期了。 The sports meet was postponed because of rain. Because of rain, the sports meet was postponed.
Please compare:
We saw many signs of occupation while strolling along a street past a major concentration of the huts not far away from the Central Avenue. 我们看到很多住人的迹 象,当漫步街头走过一个 很大的棚户集中地,离中 央大道不远。
English Order of Linguistic Elements 英语语序
Relatively flexible order (语序相对灵活) resulting from the use of inflections and connectives Phrases:
the Russian people, a pretty and clever girl the people of Russia, a girl pretty and clever the people living in Russia, a girl who is pretty and clever the people who live in Russia
our great socialist motherland that beautiful slim young foreign lady a small round wooden table 一张木头小圆桌 a high steep mountain 一座陡峭的高山 我们要把中国建设成为一个社会主义的现 代化强国。 We will build China into a modern, powerful socialist country.

英汉对比与翻译作业答案

英汉对比与翻译作业答案

The Assignment of a Contrastive Approach to TranslationBetween English and Chinese ( III ) 翻译下列句子或语段:1.Only the thought of his mother gave him the strength to go on doing it.想起母亲,他才鼓足勇气继续做了下去。

2.It was only my capacity for hard work that saved me from early dismissal.要不是我能干重活,早就给辞退了。

3.China' s support is constant source of encouragement to us in the pursuit of social andeconomic development and the maintenance of national independence. 中国的支持始终鼓励我们去追求社会和经济发展,维护国家独立。

4.Robots have found application for the exploration of the outer space.机器人已用于探索外层空间。

5.He's a big eater.他这人非常能吃。

6.Of the girl 's sensations they remained a little in doubt. 译文一:姑娘的心思他们一时还无法断定。

译文二:他们一时还无法断定姑娘的心思。

7.He is inexperienced in driving.译文一:开车他没有经验。

译文二:他开车方面没有经验。

8.And am I not indebted to you for the bread I eat?译文一:我眼下有口饭吃,还不是多亏了你吗?译文二:还不是多亏了你,我眼下才有口饭吃。

英汉语言对比与翻译

英汉语言对比与翻译
within winding red balustrades.
3.The kaleidoscope of shifting interests of the nations during the negotiation made it impossible to sort out the “winners” and “losers”.
Feature of English as a hypotactic Language
Feature of Chinese as a paratactic Language
英语造句常用各种形式手 段连接词、语、分句或从 句,注重显性接应(overt cohesion),注重句子形 式,注重结构完整,注重 以形显义。
2.他们这群人,又想吃人,又是鬼鬼祟祟,想法子遮掩, 不敢直接下手,真要令我笑死。
All these people wanting to eat human flesh and at the same time stealthily trying to keep up appearances, not daring to act promptly, really made me nearly die of laughter.
which one goes much deeper than the other.
为什么如此众多的美国人不能如想象中那样幸福呢?我认
为原因有二,而两者之间又有深浅之分。 2. 抓住了主要矛盾,一切问题就可以迎刃而解。 Once the principal contradiction is grasped, all problems can be readily solved. 3.不进则退。 He who does not advance falls backward./ Move forward, or you’ll fall behind.

英汉对比与翻译作业(二)

英汉对比与翻译作业(二)

The Assignment of a Contrastive Approach to TranslationBetween English and Chinese ( II )翻译下列句子或语段:1.In the afternoon rush of the Grand Central Station his eyes had been refreshed by the sight of Miss LilyBart.2.What is known is that weight extremes in either direction are definitely unhealthy.3.At all costs time must be gained.4.You are requested to look into the matter and give us an early reply.5.In the far distance was seen the glittering surface of a lake surrounded by pine woods.6.As might have been expected, it was not long before John tried to break all his promises.7.Power can be transmitted to wherever it is needed.8.For generations coal and oil have been regarded as the chief energy sources used to transport men fromplace to place.9.Another silence fell on the group.10.Investigation led us to the foregoing conclusion.11.Her good work and obedience have pleased her teachers.12.Rumors had reached her ears of what that father’s character was.13.A potentially dangerous blunder by police and security authorities yesterday saw the First Lady mobbedby yelling demonstrators during a shopping mall walkabout.14.过去的日子如轻烟,被微风吹散了;如薄雾,初阳蒸融了。

英汉对比翻译练习

英汉对比翻译练习

英汉对比翻译练习
19. 吃苦在前,享受在后。 20. 聪明一世,糊涂一时。 21. 有饭大家吃。 22. 不到黄河心不死。 23. 问遍千家成行家。 24. 不打不相识。 25. 敌进我退,敌驻我扰,敌疲我打, 敌退我追。
英汉对比翻译练习
19. Be the first to bear hardships and the last to enjoy comforts. 20. Smart as a rule, but this time a fool. 21. Let everybody share the food if there is any. 22. Until all is over, ambition never dies. 23. Learn from numerous advisers, and you will be a master. 24. Out of blows friendship grows. / No discord, no concord. 25. The enemy advances, we retreat; the enemy camps, we harass; the enemy tires, we attack; the enemy retreats, we pursue.
英汉对比翻译练习
6. When Chou En-lai’s door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful. 7. To err is human, to forgive divine. 8. 天高云淡。 9. 请勿酒后驾车。 10. 烤羊肉 11. 两个乡干部 12. 鸡不吃了

英汉对比与翻译(全)

英汉对比与翻译(全)
Keen awareness of the similarities and differences between the two languages can facilitate FL learning. 对两种语言相似与相异点的敏锐意识能促进外语学习。
Negative Transfer (负迁移): Interference (干扰)
人到齐就开会。 The meeting will begin when all are here. 不要人云亦云。 Don‟t say what others have said. Tense (时态) 帐单撕碎了。 The bill was torn to pieces. 问题解决了。 The problem was solved. Voice (语 态) 你再说一个字, If you should say one more 我马上走。 word, I would go at once. 你死了, If you should die, I would go and 我去当和尚。 be a monk. Mood (语气)
Examples of Negative Transfer
4. He suggested me to accept this offer . Syntactical transfer (句型迁移) The verb jianyi, the Chinese equivalent of „suggest‟, can be used in VOC pattern in Chinese. Suggest的汉语对应词“建议”在汉语中可以用 “动词+宾语+补语”的结构。
(Condition 条件)
病来如山倒, Sickness comes like an avalanche, 病去如抽丝。 but goes like reeling silk.

英汉词语对比与翻译【打印版】

英汉词语对比与翻译【打印版】

英汉词语对比与翻译【打印版】英汉词语对比与翻译--- 系统、语义及其他词类在英汉语中使用的频率有差异1.我成功了。

I was in success.2. The old man cast impatient glances at the clock. 这位老师不耐烦地看了看钟。

3.他初出茅庐,没有什么经验。

He is a green hand4. On entering the door I remembered the doll I had broken.I felt my way to the hearth and picked up the pieces. I tried vainly to put them together.一进门,我就想起来了被我摔碎的娃娃。

我摸索着走到壁炉跟前,捡起了碎片。

A Contrastive Study of English and Chinese --- 英汉语对比研究人到齐就开会。

The meeting will begin when all are here. 不要人云亦云。

Don’t say what others have said.帐单撕碎了。

The bill was torn to pieces. 问题解决了。

The problem was solved.你再说一个字,我马上走。

If you should say one more word, I would go at once. 你死了,我去当和尚。

If you should die, I would go and be a monk.1.人在阵地在。

The position will not be given up so long as we are still living.(Condition 条件)2.人无远虑,必有近忧。

If one has no long-term considerations, he will find troubleat his doorstep.(Condition 条件)3.病来如山倒,病去如抽丝。

英汉对比试题及答案

英汉对比试题及答案

英汉对比试题及答案一、选择题1. 下列哪个选项是英语中“书”的对应词?A. ChairB. BookC. DeskD. Pen答案:B2. 在汉语中,“红色”对应的英语单词是什么?A. BlueB. RedC. GreenD. Yellow答案:B3. 英语中表示“学习”的动词是什么?A. PlayB. LearnC. WorkD. Rest答案:B4. “老师”在英语中怎么说?A. TeacherB. StudentC. DoctorD. Nurse答案:A5. 下列哪个短语在英语中表示“在周末”?A. At weekendB. On weekendC. In weekendD. During the weekend答案:D二、填空题6. 英语中“早上好”是 _______。

答案:Good morning7. “谢谢你的帮助”在英语中可以表达为 _______。

答案:Thank you for your help8. “我来自中国”用英语怎么说?答案:I come from China / I am from China9. “他喜欢游泳”在英语中的正确表达是 _______。

答案:He likes swimming10. “明天见”的英文表达是 _______。

答案:See you tomorrow三、翻译题11. 将下列汉语句子翻译成英语。

“他每天骑自行车上班。

”答案:He rides his bike to work every day.12. 将下列英语句子翻译成汉语。

“She is a teacher at the university.”答案:她是大学里的一位老师。

13. 翻译下列英语短语。

“Take care of yourself.”答案:照顾好自己。

14. 将下列汉语句子翻译成英语。

“这个周末我们打算去爬山。

”答案:We plan to go hiking this weekend.15. 翻译下列英语句子。

英汉对比单元测试题及答案

英汉对比单元测试题及答案

英汉对比单元测试题及答案一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. 在英语中,“book”一词的意思是:A. 书B. 笔C. 桌子D. 椅子答案:A2. 英语中的“happy”和汉语中的“快乐”在意义上:A. 完全不同B. 部分相似C. 完全相同D. 部分相反答案:C3. 汉语中的“苹果”在英语中对应的词是:A. appleB. orangeC. bananaD. grape答案:A4. 英语中的“she”指的是:A. 他B. 她C. 它D. 他们答案:B5. 以下哪个词组在英语和汉语中意义相同?A. 看医生B. 看门狗C. 看电影D. 看风景答案:C二、填空题(每空1分,共10分)6. 英语中的“family”在汉语中通常翻译为_。

答案:家庭7. 汉语中的“学习”在英语中可以翻译为_。

答案:study 或 learn8. 英语中的“thank you”在汉语中通常翻译为_。

答案:谢谢9. 汉语中的“老师”在英语中对应的词是_。

答案:teacher10. 英语中的“good morning”在汉语中翻译为_。

答案:早上好三、翻译题(每题5分,共30分)11. 将下列英语句子翻译成汉语:- "What's your name?"答案:你叫什么名字?12. 将下列汉语句子翻译成英语:- 我喜欢吃苹果。

答案:I like eating apples.13. 将下列英语句子翻译成汉语:- "Where are you going?"答案:你要去哪里?14. 将下列汉语句子翻译成英语:- 她是一名医生。

答案:She is a doctor.四、简答题(每题5分,共20分)15. 英语和汉语在语法结构上有哪些主要差异?答案:英语和汉语在语法结构上的主要差异包括:英语使用主谓宾结构,而汉语则更倾向于主谓宾或主宾谓;英语中动词时态和语态的变化较为复杂,汉语则通过时间词和上下文来表达;英语中有明确的冠词使用规则,而汉语中则没有冠词。

英汉语言对比与翻译练习

英汉语言对比与翻译练习

英汉语言对比与翻译练习英汉语言对比与翻译练习注意事项:1.英汉语言句法/句式差别;2.体会英汉互译句式转换规律;Sentences:1.In praising the logic of the English language we must not lose sight of the fact that in mostcases where, so to speak, the logic of facts or of the exterior world is at war with the logic of grammar.2.邢夫人携了黛玉坐上,众老婆们放下车帘,方命小厮们抬起,拉至宽处,加上训骡,出了西脚门往东,过荣府正门,如一黑油漆大门内,至仪门前,方下了车。

3.When about three hundred men had been landed from these vessels and were marchingrapidly to camp, the Morini, who had been left by Caesar in a state of peace when he set out for Britain, were fired by the hope of booty, and surrounded the troops, at first with no very large number of folk, bidding them lay down their arms if they did not wish to be killed.4.I had spent a long day on a hired mule before the mail carrier who had been my guide pointedto a cabin on the far side of a stream, mutely refused the money I offered, and rode on.5.Mr. Kennedy apparently was hit by the first of what witness believed were three shots.6.And he knew how ashamed he would have been if she know had known his mother and thekind of place in which he was born, and the kind of people among whom he was born..7.The original members of the United Nations shall be the states which, having participated inthe United Nations conference on International Organization at San Francisco, or having previously signed the Declaration by United Nations of 1 January 1942, sign the present charter and ratify it in accordance with Article 110.8.After watching the fish for some time, they asked me for pairs of several different kinds,pointing them out as they walked down the row of tanks. I netted their choices into a traveling container and slipped it into an insulated bag fo r transport, handing it to the boy. “carry it carefully,” I cautioned.9.Sickness had robbed her of her confidence that she could carry the load.10.Loneliness held the great masses of immigrants together, and poverty kept them down.11.Starvation was a remote threat.12.There is a crying need for a new remedy.13.There was a mumbled conversation in the background. Then a man’s voice came on thephone.14.The whole devastating experience sharpened my appreciation of the world around me.15.She was always a crier any way.16.The car wound through the village and up a narrow valley, following a thaw-swollen stream.17.The boy, who was crying as if his heart would break, said, when I spoke to him, that he wasvery hungry because he had had no food for two days.18.A long course of poverty and humility, of daily privations and hard words, of kind office andno returns, had been her lot ever since womanhood almost, or since her luckless marriage with George Osborne.(Vanity Fair chapter 57)19.The isolation of the rural world because of distance and the lack of transport facilities iscompounded by the paucity of the information media.20.Petra had become the leader of the girls as soon as she snapped out of her original depressionat coming to Prague.21.Under these conditions there is a large store of energy available to maintain the pressure of theoil zone while production is taking place. This energy actually comes from the expansion of the aquifer water caused by the reduction in pressure resulting from the removal of oil from the reservoir.22.Two hundred pounds of muscle and sinew created by hard work and clean living had meltedto a hundred and sixty-odd; his senior clothing flagged about him.23.Because of the definite feeling in the country that the recession has bottomed out, only 31% ofthose surveyed now believe that the U.S. runs a risk of a major depression, down from 43% in February.24.The community of fowls to which Tess had been appointed as supervisor, purveyor, nurse,surgeon, and friend, made its headquarters in an old thatched cottage standing in an enclosure that had once been agarden, but was now a trampled and sanded square.( T ess of the D’urberville P60)25.By this time there had arisen a shout of laughter at the extraord inary appearance of Car’s back;which irritated the dark queen into getting rid of the disfigurement by the first sudden means available and independently of the help of the scoffers. She rushed excitedly into the field they were about to cross, and flinging herself flat on her back upon the grass began to wipe her gown as well as she could by spinning horizontally on the herbage and dragging herself over it upon her elbows. (Tess P70)26.The young girls formed, indeed, the majority of the band, and their heads of luxuriant hairreflected the sunshine every tone of gold, and black, and brown. Some had beautiful eyes, others a beautiful nose, others a beautiful mouth and figure: few, if any, had all. A difficulty of arranging their lips in this crude exposure to public scrutiny, an inability to balance their heads, and to dissociate self-consciousness from their features, was apparent in them, and showed that they were genuine country girls, unaccustomed to many eyes. (Tess of the D’urbervilles, Chapter II)27.林小姐这天从学校回来就撅起小嘴唇.她掼下书包,并不照例到镜台前梳头发搽粉,却倒在床上看着帐子出神.28.八一嫂正气得抱着孩子发抖,忽然见赵七爷满脸油汗,瞪着眼,准对伊冲过来,便十分害怕,不敢说完话,回身走了。

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英汉语言对比与翻译练习注意事项:1.英汉语言句法/句式差别;2.体会英汉互译句式转换规律;Sentences:1.In praising the logic of the English language we must not lose sight of the fact that in mostcases where, so to speak, the logic of facts or of the exterior world is at war with the logic of grammar.2.邢夫人携了黛玉坐上,众老婆们放下车帘,方命小厮们抬起,拉至宽处,加上训骡,出了西脚门往东,过荣府正门,如一黑油漆大门内,至仪门前,方下了车。

3.When about three hundred men had been landed from these vessels and were marchingrapidly to camp, the Morini, who had been left by Caesar in a state of peace when he set out for Britain, were fired by the hope of booty, and surrounded the troops, at first with no very large number of folk, bidding them lay down their arms if they did not wish to be killed.4.I had spent a long day on a hired mule before the mail carrier who had been my guide pointedto a cabin on the far side of a stream, mutely refused the money I offered, and rode on.5.Mr. Kennedy apparently was hit by the first of what witness believed were three shots.6.And he knew how ashamed he would have been if she know had known his mother and thekind of place in which he was born, and the kind of people among whom he was born..7.The original members of the United Nations shall be the states which, having participated inthe United Nations conference on International Organization at San Francisco, or having previously signed the Declaration by United Nations of 1 January 1942, sign the present charter and ratify it in accordance with Article 110.8.After watching the fish for some time, they asked me for pairs of several different kinds,pointing them out as they walked down the row of tanks. I netted their choices into a traveling container and slipped it into an insulated bag for transport, handing it to the boy. “carry it carefully,” I cautioned.9.Sickness had robbed her of her confidence that she could carry the load.10.Loneliness held the great masses of immigrants together, and poverty kept them down.11.Starvation was a remote threat.12.There is a crying need for a new remedy.13.There was a mumbled conversation in the background. Then a man’s voice came on thephone.14.The whole devastating experience sharpened my appreciation of the world around me.15.She was always a crier any way.16.The car wound through the village and up a narrow valley, following a thaw-swollen stream.17.The boy, who was crying as if his heart would break, said, when I spoke to him, that he wasvery hungry because he had had no food for two days.18.A long course of poverty and humility, of daily privations and hard words, of kind office andno returns, had been her lot ever since womanhood almost, or since her luckless marriage with George Osborne.(Vanity Fair chapter 57)19.The isolation of the rural world because of distance and the lack of transport facilities iscompounded by the paucity of the information media.20.Petra had become the leader of the girls as soon as she snapped out of her original depressionat coming to Prague.21.Under these conditions there is a large store of energy available to maintain the pressure of theoil zone while production is taking place. This energy actually comes from the expansion of the aquifer water caused by the reduction in pressure resulting from the removal of oil from the reservoir.22.Two hundred pounds of muscle and sinew created by hard work and clean living had meltedto a hundred and sixty-odd; his senior clothing flagged about him.23.Because of the definite feeling in the country that the recession has bottomed out, only 31% ofthose surveyed now believe that the U.S. runs a risk of a major depression, down from 43% in February.24.The community of fowls to which Tess had been appointed as supervisor, purveyor, nurse,surgeon, and friend, made its headquarters in an old thatched cottage standing in an enclosure that had once been a garden, but was now a trampled and sanded square.( Tess of the D’urberville P60)25.By this time there had arisen a shout of laughter at the extraordinary appearance of Car’s back;which irritated the dark queen into getting rid of the disfigurement by the first sudden means available and independently of the help of the scoffers. She rushed excitedly into the field they were about to cross, and flinging herself flat on her back upon the grass began to wipe her gown as well as she could by spinning horizontally on the herbage and dragging herself over it upon her elbows. (Tess P70)26.The young girls formed, indeed, the majority of the band, and their heads of luxuriant hairreflected the sunshine every tone of gold, and black, and brown. Some had beautiful eyes, others a beautiful nose, others a beautiful mouth and figure: few, if any, had all. A difficulty of arranging their lips in this crude exposure to public scrutiny, an inability to balance their heads, and to dissociate self-consciousness from their features, was apparent in them, and showed that they were genuine country girls, unaccustomed to many eyes. (Tess of the D’urbervilles, Chapter II)27.林小姐这天从学校回来就撅起小嘴唇.她掼下书包,并不照例到镜台前梳头发搽粉,却倒在床上看着帐子出神.28.八一嫂正气得抱着孩子发抖,忽然见赵七爷满脸油汗,瞪着眼,准对伊冲过来,便十分害怕,不敢说完话,回身走了。

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