OM习题及答案汇总1-9章-全

Chapter 1 Operations and Productivity DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

1.Why should one study operations management?

SOLUTION

The text suggests four reasons to study OM. We want to understand

(1) how people organize themselves for productive enterprise,

(2) how goods and services are produced, (3) what operations

managers do, and (4) this costly part of our economy and most

enterprises.

6.What are the three basic functions of a firm?

SOLUTION

The basic functions of a firm are marketing, accounting/

fi nance, and operations. An interesting class discussion: “Do all

firms/organizations (private, government, not-for-profit) perform

these three functions?” The authors’ hypothesis is yes, they do.

the 10 decision areas of operations management.

SOLUTION

1.Design of Goods and Services.

2.Managing Quality.

3.Process Strategy.

4.Location Strategies.

yout Strategies.

6.Human Resources.

7.Supply-Chain Management.

8.Inventory Management.

9.Scheduling.

10.Maintenance.

13.Describe some of the actions taken by Taco Bell to increase productivity that

have resulted in Taco Bell’s ability to serve “twice the volume with half the labor.”

SOLUTION

Taco Bell designed meals that were easy to prepare; with

actual cooking and food preparation done elsewhere; automation

to save preparation time; reduced floor space; manager training to

increase span of control.

PROBLEMS

1.1John Lucy makes wooden boxes in which to ship motorcycles. John and his

three employees invest 40 hours per day making the 120 boxes.

a)What is their productivity?

b)John and his employees have discussed redesigning the process to improve

the productivity. If they can increase the rate to 125 per day, what will be

their new productivity?

c)What will be their increase in productivity?

SOLUTION

(a)= 3.0 boxes/hour

(b)= 3.125 boxes/hour

(c)Change in productivity = 0.125 boxes/hour

(d)Percentage change = = 4.166%

1.6 Eric Johnson makes billiard balls in his New England plant. With recent

increases in his costs, he has a newfound interest in efficiency. Eric is

interested in determining the productivity of his organization. He would like to know if his organization is maintaining the manufacturing average of 3% increase in productivity. He has the following data representing a month from last year and an equivalent month this year:

LAST YEAR NOW

Units produced 1,000 1,000

Labor (hours) 300 275

Resin (pounds) 50 45

Capital invested ($) 10,000 11,000

Energy (BTU) 3,000 2,850 Show the productivity change for each category and then determine the

improvement for labor-hours, the typical standard for compassion.

SOLUTION

Resource Last Year This Year Change Percent Change

Labor =3.33 =3.64 0.31 =9.3%

Resin =20 =22.22 2.22 =11.1%

Capital =0.1 =0.09 -0.01 =-10.0%