2018阅读理解,主旨大意(学生版)

2018届高三英语阅读理解（主旨大意题）阅读理解主要有以下几种题型：主旨大意题、事实细节题、词义猜测题、推理判断题主旨大意题包括：文章主旨、段落大意、文章标题【文章主旨和段落大意题常见的设题方式】题干中常含有main idea, mainly about, sum up, summarise等词。

此类题的设题形式有：1. The main idea of the passage is that ________.2. What is the passage mainly about?3. Which of the following statements can best sum up the passage?4. Which of the following can summarise the main idea of the passage?5. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?6. The author's main purpose in writing this passage is to ________.7. The first paragraph is mainly about ________.8. What does the author tell us in Paragraph 1?9. What does the author mostly want to tell us in the last paragraph?【概括文章标题常见的设题方式】题干中常有title, headline, be entitled等字眼。

此类题的设题方式有：1. The best title for the passage might be ________.2. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?3. Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage?【主旨大意题解题策略】阅读时，文章的开头、结尾（或段落的段首、段尾）特别重要，因为它们往往包含文章的中心议题。

有时候，文章（或段落）中没有明确的主题句，则需要我们根据所提供的信息归纳出文章（或段落）的主旨大意。

同时要注意提炼文章的关键词。

此外，标题类题目还要追求语言的生动和趣味性。

【主旨大意题应考技巧】技巧1：速读头尾，明确主题技巧2：定位中心句技巧3：无明显主题句时找高频词技巧4：同义概括，或取其一【技巧1：速读头尾，明确主题】大多数文章的主旨可能出现在开头或结尾，于是头尾显得很重要。

因此，做主旨大意题时，我们可以先浏览一下头尾，试图抓住大意。

Passage 1Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored (监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.“The ‘if it bleeds’rule works for mass media,”says Jonah Berger, a scholar at theUniversity of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication-e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations-found that it tended to be more positive than negative (消极的), but that didn’t necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times’ website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed”list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused (激发) one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.”What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Sad Stories Travel Far and WideB. Online News Attracts More PeopleC. Reading Habits Change with the TimesD. Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks【技巧2：定位中心句】主题句的位置往往由文章体裁所决定。

议论文主要是论述作者的某个观点，往往采用“总—分—总”的模式，第一段提出论点，然后是论据部分，最后一段得出结论（论点的重申），所以主题句常在第一段或最后一段。

说明文则是说明一个事物的用途或制作过程，主题句一般在首段。

而新闻报道却是报道一个人物事迹或重大事件等，主题句常出现在首段首句。

记叙文一般没有明显的主题句，需要根据文中叙述的容和线索来概括文章大意，但是如果文章末段出现说理性的句子，则这个句子很可能是主题句。

以下是寻找主题句的四个小窍门：1. 段落中出现表示转折的词语（如however, but, in fact, actually等）时，该句很可能是主题句。

2. 开头出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。

3. 作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。

4. 表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等词。

Passage 2A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night’s sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off — if it is milked from a cow at night.Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin (褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were lessactive and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food. Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content,which helps people to relax.Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Night Milk and SleepB. Fat, Sugar and HealthC. An Experiment on MiceD. Milk Drinking and Health【技巧3：无明显主题句时找高频词】任一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。