发展心理学智力

Psychometric approaches 心理测量方法
Thurstone’s Primary Mental Abilities 瑟斯顿群因素论 (2)Word fluency词语流畅性: the ability to generate a number of words in a short period of time
Psychometric approaches 心理测量方法
It was Cattell who coined the term mental test. 卡特尔首创“心理测验”这一术语 The first formal inelligence test was created in 1905 by Alfred Binet and Simon. 1905年比内设计了第一个正式的智力测验
Intelligence 智力
intelligence
To the layperson, the term usually includes the abilities to reason logically, speak fluently, solve problems, learn efficiently, and display an interest in the world at large ( Siegler&Richards,1982;Sternberg et al.1981)
Psychometric approaches 心理测量方法
Galton believed people differ in their ability to discriminate among varying physical stimuli. 高尔顿认为人们辨别不同物理刺激的能力是 不同的，先天就有差异 Such differences, according to Galton, are largely innate.
(5) Memory记忆力 : the ability to recall lists of words, sentences, or pictures
(3) Number facility数字能力: the ability to solve arithmetic problems
Psychometric approaches 心理测量方法
Thurstone’s Primary Mental Abilities 瑟斯顿群因素论 (4) Spatial visualization空间视觉: the mental manipulation of geometric forms or symbols
What is intelligence?
One prominent issue: whether intelligence is a unitary phenomenon or consists of various separate skills and abilities 智力一元论还是多元论（是一种完整、综合的 能力，还是由许多独立的因素所构成的） A second major issue: the best way to conceptualize intelligence 用什么方式去定义智力
Psychometric approaches 心理测量方法
Spearman’s Two-Factor Theory 斯皮尔曼两因素说 Intelligence consists of two parts: g因素，一般因素，是人的基本心理潜能，是 决定一个人能力高低的主要因素。 s, specific knowledge and abilities 是保证人们完成某些特定作业或活动所必须 的
intelliபைடு நூலகம்ence
Although the concept has been the subject of research and theorizing for more than a century, no single definition has been commonly agreed on, and no one measurement tool assesses intelligence to everyone’s satisfaction. 尽管研究及推理工作超过一个世纪，但智力 仍然很难被定义。一些流派的争论悬而未决
Psychometric approaches 心理测量方法
Thurstone’s Primary Mental Abilities 瑟斯顿群因素论 He proposed that the following seven mental abilities are components of intelligence: (1)visual comprehension 视觉理解力 as measured by vocabulary and reading comprehension tests
Psychometric approaches 心理测量方法
With the Binet-Simon test, the mental testing movement was born, and psychometrics became firmly entrenched as a model for understanding intelligence. 由此，智力测验运动兴起，并且建立了智力 的心理测量模型
Psychometric approaches 心理测量方法
Psychometric models of intelligence are based on the testing of large groups of individuals to quantify differences in abilities. 智力的心理测量模型基于团体测验中对能力 差异的量化。 The basic assumption 基本假设是：智力测验中低于平均值或正常 水平的人智商低，反之则高。