结核病总论英文ppt精选课件
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肺结核英文课件(1)
Slide 8. TB Case Rates by Race/Ethnicity, United States, 1993–2008. This slide shows the declining trend in TB rates by race/ethnicity during the last 16 years. Asians and Pacific Islanders had the highest TB rates, which declined from 44.1 per 100,000 in 1993 to 25.3 in 2008, and had the smallest percentage decline over the time period (43%). Rates declined by at least 57% over the time period in the other racial/ethnic groups: among non-Hispanic blacks or African-Americans, from 28.5 in 1993 to 8.8 in 2008 (69%); among Hispanics, from 19.9 to 8.1 (59%); among American Indians and Alaska Natives, from 13.9 to 6.0 (57%); and among non-Hispanic whites, from 3.6 to 1.1 (69%).
The second level of the hierarchy is the use of environmental controls to reduce the amount of TB in the air. The first two control levels of the hierarchy also minimize the number of areas in the health care setting where exposure to TB may occur.
肺结核(英文版)PPT
Mycobacterium microti（田鼠型） disease
drinking non-sterilised milk from infected cows
Mycobacterium bovis （牛型） Pasteurization(巴氏消毒) has largely eliminated its infection
Primary infection: firm nodule, deep ulcer form and persist , until the animals die.
reinfection: local induration , superfical ulcer, healed quickly.
Caused by the delayed hypersensitivity and immunity in TB disease.
India. is closely linked to the poor public health in these countries.
The incidence of tuberculosis has declined dramatically over past
decades of years.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB for short)
is a rod-shaped(杆状), slow-growing, aerobic（需氧）bacterium, has an unusual, waxy（蜡状的）coating on its cell surface (primarily due to the presence of mycolic acid（分枝菌酸）), which accounts for many of its unique clinical characteristics, such as its imperviousness（不通 透性） to Gram staining, so it is classified as an acid-fast bacillus (AFB, 抗酸杆菌).
drinking non-sterilised milk from infected cows
Mycobacterium bovis （牛型） Pasteurization(巴氏消毒) has largely eliminated its infection
Primary infection: firm nodule, deep ulcer form and persist , until the animals die.
reinfection: local induration , superfical ulcer, healed quickly.
Caused by the delayed hypersensitivity and immunity in TB disease.
India. is closely linked to the poor public health in these countries.
The incidence of tuberculosis has declined dramatically over past
decades of years.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB for short)
is a rod-shaped(杆状), slow-growing, aerobic（需氧）bacterium, has an unusual, waxy（蜡状的）coating on its cell surface (primarily due to the presence of mycolic acid（分枝菌酸）), which accounts for many of its unique clinical characteristics, such as its imperviousness（不通 透性） to Gram staining, so it is classified as an acid-fast bacillus (AFB, 抗酸杆菌).
结核病总论英文PPT课件
tuberculotherapy
• Anti-tuberculosis drugs
• Whole germicide：in acid and alkali，exterior and interior of cell can kill germ。(INH RFP)
• Half germicide：in acid or alkali environment kill cell interior or exterior TB，SM /PZA
• erythema nodosum、exanthematous conjunctivitis。
•8
diagnose
• 2 ：OT test
– agent：1/2000 or 1/10000 PPD – dose：0.1ML（OT 5U）（or 1U）。 – position：left forearm palmaris below 1/3 – Infuse intracutaneous form 6-10mm hillock。 – 48~72hr observation reaction。
• Rifater(INH,RFP PZA)
• old drug derivant：Rifapentine
• New chemicals：Dipasic，to delay resistant INH drug
• standard treatment：
• refer to asymptomatic primarily pulmonary tuberculosis
5：bronchofiberscopy check：to definite
Endotracheal membrane TB and tuberculosis of trachebronchial lymph nodes。
肺结核英文介绍ppt课件
肺结核英文介绍
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First,a control system
Second, the patients
need to see doctors because of illness
Third,management.Stre
ngthening the management of registration of patients
肺结核英文介绍
12
Daily Preventive measures
肺结核英文介绍
13
That's all. Thank you.
肺结核英文介绍
14
Tubercle bacillus 肺结核菌
肺结核英文介绍
6
Transmission way - through the AIR
Cough Sneeze Spit Give off airborne droplets
肺结核英文介绍
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肺结核英文介绍
8
Susceptible population
• In addition to genetic factors , still include the life to poverty, living crowded, malnutrition and other social factors
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
肺结核英文介绍
3723
Sunny Lynn Martina Angeline Hermion Sonia
1
It is a chronic infectious disease(慢性传染疾病),
Tuberculosis definition
肺结核英文讲稿课件
TB is transmitted through the air when an infected person cooks or sneezes, refining the bacteria into the air
The bacteria can remain suspended in the air for several hours, and people near may have affected them and become affected
Common symptoms include persistent cough, chest pain,
fever, night sweats, and weight loss
Diagnosis is made through a combination of Chest X-ray, sputum smear microscopy,
Types of surgery
Surgical procedures may include morphology, pneumonia, or decoration to remove affected lung tis sues or scar tis sues
Complications Altough surgical treatment can be effective in cancer cases, it also carries risks of complications, such as postoperative bleeding, infection, and respiratory failure
Maintain a healthy lifestyle
• A healthy lifestyle can help reduce the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis This includes a balanced die, sufficient exercise, and sufficient sleep Smoking and excess alcohol consumption can weaken the immune system and increase the risk of tuberculosis, so it is important to quit these unhealthy habits
The bacteria can remain suspended in the air for several hours, and people near may have affected them and become affected
Common symptoms include persistent cough, chest pain,
fever, night sweats, and weight loss
Diagnosis is made through a combination of Chest X-ray, sputum smear microscopy,
Types of surgery
Surgical procedures may include morphology, pneumonia, or decoration to remove affected lung tis sues or scar tis sues
Complications Altough surgical treatment can be effective in cancer cases, it also carries risks of complications, such as postoperative bleeding, infection, and respiratory failure
Maintain a healthy lifestyle
• A healthy lifestyle can help reduce the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis This includes a balanced die, sufficient exercise, and sufficient sleep Smoking and excess alcohol consumption can weaken the immune system and increase the risk of tuberculosis, so it is important to quit these unhealthy habits
《结核病总论英文》课件
Common symptoms include fever, cough, and phlegm.
Transmission of Tuberculosis
1 Airborne Transmission
TB can be transmitted through the air when a person with active TB coughs or sneezes.
By working together, we can make a difference in the fight against tuberculosis and reduce its impact on individuals and communities.
Ongoing research and innovation are crucial for advancing TB diagnostics, treatment, and prevention strategies.
Implementing measures such as contact tracing, screening, and isolation can help prevent the spread of TB.
2 Personal Protective Measures
Wearing face masks and practicing proper respiratory hygiene can reduce the risk of contracting TB.
Introduction to Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It affects over 10 million people worldwide and presents symptoms such as fever, cough, and phlegm.
《结核病总论英文》课件
DOT is a treatment strategy in which a healthcare provider or trained observer directly observes the patient taking their medicine This ensures inheritance to the treatment plan
01
02
TB is classified as either drug sensitive or drug resistant based on its response to treatment with antibiotics
TB can also affect other parts of the body, such as the kidneys, spinl evaluation
The initial evaluation includes a through history and physical examination to identify any symptoms or risk factors for tubercles
Microbiological testing
01
02
03
04
05
02
Diagnosis of tuberculosis
Chest X-ray: This is the most common diagnostic method used to detect tuberculosis It can show abnormalities in the lungs that may be caused by the disease
04
结核病ppt课件
软脑膜、蛛网膜均可受累。 血管Biblioteka 变。 脑实质炎症、脑水肿、颅内压增加。
炎症渗出物易在 脑底部积聚
Infection exudate usually assemble at the base of the
brain
定义 病原 发病机制和病理改变 临床表现 诊断 治疗 预后
中枢神经系统感染临床表现
Diagnosis
Case History
结核接触史
尤其是与活动性开放性肺结核病人 的密切接触。
Diagnosis
Case History
卡介苗接种史
卡介苗接种史 检查有无卡痕
Diagnosis
Case History
既往病史
TB/结核 measles / 麻疹 chickenpox / 水痘 其他
上皮样细胞结 Langerhans细胞浸润
定义 病理 临床表现 诊断 治疗
Manifestation
儿童结核病的临床表现变化多样
起病常隐匿 无症状病例占 80% 上呼吸道感染 结核中毒症状 营养不良
Manifestation
儿童结核病的临床表现变化多样
超敏反应 皮肤结节性红斑 疱疹性眼结膜炎 关节炎
"DOTS - TB cure for All "
"DOTS : un traitement antituberculeux pour tous"
DOTS
Directly Observed Treatment, Shortcourse
直接督导下的短程化疗
原发性肺结核直接督导下的短程化疗 DOTS for primary pulmonary tuberculosis
炎症渗出物易在 脑底部积聚
Infection exudate usually assemble at the base of the
brain
定义 病原 发病机制和病理改变 临床表现 诊断 治疗 预后
中枢神经系统感染临床表现
Diagnosis
Case History
结核接触史
尤其是与活动性开放性肺结核病人 的密切接触。
Diagnosis
Case History
卡介苗接种史
卡介苗接种史 检查有无卡痕
Diagnosis
Case History
既往病史
TB/结核 measles / 麻疹 chickenpox / 水痘 其他
上皮样细胞结 Langerhans细胞浸润
定义 病理 临床表现 诊断 治疗
Manifestation
儿童结核病的临床表现变化多样
起病常隐匿 无症状病例占 80% 上呼吸道感染 结核中毒症状 营养不良
Manifestation
儿童结核病的临床表现变化多样
超敏反应 皮肤结节性红斑 疱疹性眼结膜炎 关节炎
"DOTS - TB cure for All "
"DOTS : un traitement antituberculeux pour tous"
DOTS
Directly Observed Treatment, Shortcourse
直接督导下的短程化疗
原发性肺结核直接督导下的短程化疗 DOTS for primary pulmonary tuberculosis
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• 据调查全国三分之一的人口已感染了结核菌； 受感染人数超过4亿,受结核感染人群中有10％ 的人发生结核病
.
1
tuberculosis
• factor of tuberculosis incidence rising ：
– HIV spread. – TB strain occur drug resistance . – fluid population increasing. – Management TB patient not perfect、
.
5
pathogenesy
bacterial number、toxicity、immunization condition
• Cell-mediated immune reaction:macrophage swallow TB→antigen presentation Th and macrophage→IL12→CD+4→TH1-IF-γ→to promote mononuclear cell; to gather、activation、 proliferation and differentiation→to produce alexin and oxidase 、 digestive enzyme→to kill TB
.
10
diagnosis
• reaction
– <5mm(-) – ≧5mm(+) – 10-19mm(++) – ≧20mm(+++) – Super reaction :induration、vesic 、 local
ulceration (++++)。
.
11
diagnosis
• significance
• After Infection TB : primary disease（5%）， Secondary disease （5%）, not to fall ill all live(90%)
.
7
diagnose
• Objective
– to discover focal 。 – Definite disease character、size whether or not
我国结核病的疫情状况
• WHO 93年宣布“全球结核病紧急状态”，98 年又重申遏制结核病的行动刻不容缓。
• 全球现有结核病人2000万，其中95％在发展中 国家，每年还会新发生800-1000万肺结核病， 其中75％的病人年龄在15－50岁。如不控制， 今后10年还将有9000万人发病。
• 中国是全球22个结核病高负担国家之一，结核 病人数位居世界第二位，仅次于印度.
.
6
pathogenesy
• IF-reinforcement CD+8 、NK cells activity to phagocytosis TB. meanwhile to lead histoclasia
• delayed allergy : T cell media，macrophage to be effector cell，to kill reinfection TB and cause cheesy necrosis or hole formation
– positive reaction
• After BCG vaccination
• Older children positive reaction indicate to be ever infected with TB before。
• Infant never BCG vaccination indicate new infection recent。
mouse type 、 main human type。 • way of infection：respiration tract、digestive
track、skin or placenta.
.
3
Epidemiology
• 1 infection sources：open pulmonary tuberculosis
deliver bacterium。
.
8
diagnose
• 1 history
– TB toxic symptom – to contact TB patient – BCG vaccination – acute infection:measles，pertussis – Supersensitivity
• erythema nodosum、exanthematous conjunctivitis。
.
9
diagnose
• 2 ：OT test
– agent：1/2000 or 1/10000 PPD – dose：0.1ML（OT 5U）（or 1U）。 – position：left forearm palmaris below 1/3 – Infuse intracutaneous form 6-10mm hillock。 – 48~72hr observation reaction。
prevention and cure not efficiency. – Poverty、population increasing.
.
2
etiology
• Mycobacterium 、 Acid fastness、G+、aerobe。
• Growth torpidity , culture need 4-6 weeks. • Typing : human type 、 bovine type 、 Bird type、
• 2 route of transmission: by respiration way or digestion tract.
• 3 susceptible population
.
4
Epidemiology
• The factors lead Children ill with TB
– Contact TB amounts and toxicity. – power of resistance . – hereditary factor .
.
1
tuberculosis
• factor of tuberculosis incidence rising ：
– HIV spread. – TB strain occur drug resistance . – fluid population increasing. – Management TB patient not perfect、
.
5
pathogenesy
bacterial number、toxicity、immunization condition
• Cell-mediated immune reaction:macrophage swallow TB→antigen presentation Th and macrophage→IL12→CD+4→TH1-IF-γ→to promote mononuclear cell; to gather、activation、 proliferation and differentiation→to produce alexin and oxidase 、 digestive enzyme→to kill TB
.
10
diagnosis
• reaction
– <5mm(-) – ≧5mm(+) – 10-19mm(++) – ≧20mm(+++) – Super reaction :induration、vesic 、 local
ulceration (++++)。
.
11
diagnosis
• significance
• After Infection TB : primary disease（5%）， Secondary disease （5%）, not to fall ill all live(90%)
.
7
diagnose
• Objective
– to discover focal 。 – Definite disease character、size whether or not
我国结核病的疫情状况
• WHO 93年宣布“全球结核病紧急状态”，98 年又重申遏制结核病的行动刻不容缓。
• 全球现有结核病人2000万，其中95％在发展中 国家，每年还会新发生800-1000万肺结核病， 其中75％的病人年龄在15－50岁。如不控制， 今后10年还将有9000万人发病。
• 中国是全球22个结核病高负担国家之一，结核 病人数位居世界第二位，仅次于印度.
.
6
pathogenesy
• IF-reinforcement CD+8 、NK cells activity to phagocytosis TB. meanwhile to lead histoclasia
• delayed allergy : T cell media，macrophage to be effector cell，to kill reinfection TB and cause cheesy necrosis or hole formation
– positive reaction
• After BCG vaccination
• Older children positive reaction indicate to be ever infected with TB before。
• Infant never BCG vaccination indicate new infection recent。
mouse type 、 main human type。 • way of infection：respiration tract、digestive
track、skin or placenta.
.
3
Epidemiology
• 1 infection sources：open pulmonary tuberculosis
deliver bacterium。
.
8
diagnose
• 1 history
– TB toxic symptom – to contact TB patient – BCG vaccination – acute infection:measles，pertussis – Supersensitivity
• erythema nodosum、exanthematous conjunctivitis。
.
9
diagnose
• 2 ：OT test
– agent：1/2000 or 1/10000 PPD – dose：0.1ML（OT 5U）（or 1U）。 – position：left forearm palmaris below 1/3 – Infuse intracutaneous form 6-10mm hillock。 – 48~72hr observation reaction。
prevention and cure not efficiency. – Poverty、population increasing.
.
2
etiology
• Mycobacterium 、 Acid fastness、G+、aerobe。
• Growth torpidity , culture need 4-6 weeks. • Typing : human type 、 bovine type 、 Bird type、
• 2 route of transmission: by respiration way or digestion tract.
• 3 susceptible population
.
4
Epidemiology
• The factors lead Children ill with TB
– Contact TB amounts and toxicity. – power of resistance . – hereditary factor .