英国议会制辩论讲座(BP制) - 第七讲反驳

I. Definition o f r efutation Notes

A. Refutation i nvolves o ne d ebater directly r esponding t o a n argument o f a n o pposing d ebater.

B. Refutation i nvolves a d ebater

objecting t o a n a rgument r aised by s omeone o n t he o ther s ide.

II. Purpose o f r efutation

A. To d eny a c ompeting a rgument

B. Weaken o r e ven d estroy a n argument

C. To f orce t he o riginal d ebater t o generate a b etter a rgument.

III.

Methods o f r efutation A. Internal m ethod—considering t he standards o f g ood a rguments 1. Acceptability o f e vidence 2. Relevance o f l ink 3. Sufficiency o f l ink

B. External m ethod 1. Creating c ounter a rguments 2. Objecting t o o pposing a rguments

with a rguments o f y our o wn

* C reated S eptember 2012 反驳的定义反驳涉及到一个辩手直接就对方辩手的论点做出反应反驳涉及到一个辩手反对对方辩手所主张的论点反驳的目的否认争议中的论点

弱化甚至摧毁一个论点迫使原来（提出旧论点）的辩手提出更好的论点反驳方法内部手段：从论证逻辑角度加以批驳证据的可接受性逻辑链的关联性　逻辑链的充分性

ＲＡＳ三角：良好论点所

应符合的特征

可接受性

关联性充分性

外部手段

建立相抗论点

以我方既有论点反驳对方论点

Refutation – 2

C. Combination m ethod

1. Combines t he i nternal a nd external m ethod

2. Evaluates t he a rgument according t o s tandards o f a g ood argument w hile s imultaneously creating a c ounter a rgument

3. This i s t he s trongest m ethod o f refutation.

IV. Deciding w hat t o r efute 1. Can’t r efute e verything 2. Don’t f ocus o n a rguments t hat are t he e asiest t o r efute.

3. Focus o n i mportant a rguments

4. Focus o n a rguments e ssential t o the o pposing s peaker’s c ase

5. Focus o n a rguments t hat p revent you f rom m aking y our o wn c ase

V. Process o f r efutation: F our-­‐Step

refutation

1. “They s ay . . .” (identify t he t arget argument y ou w ill b e r efuting)

2. “But I s ay . . .” (state t he c laim o f your o wn r efutation)

3. “Because . . .” (provide s upport for y our r efutation)

4. “Therefore . . .” (explain w hy t he argument i s i mportant t o t he debate)

联合手段将内外手段联合使用在用良好论点标准衡量对方的同时建立相抗论点

这是最强的反驳手段反驳对象的选择

不要什么都反驳不要紧盯着最易反驳的点盯紧重要的点

聚焦反方立论的基础与核心论点聚焦阻碍我方立论的对方论点四步反驳法“对方认为・・・”（指明目标）

“但是我方认为・・・”（阐明立场）

“因为・・・”（加以论证）“所以・・・”（说明该点重要性）