非谓语动词之动名词

非谓语动词之动名词
一、动名词作主语
1.一般置于句首：
Reading English is easier than speaking it.
2.有时也可以用it作形式主语，而把动名词放在谓语动词之后。

It will be nice seeing them again.
这类句子结构常见的还有：
1)It’s no use…；It is no use crying over spilt milk.
2)It's no good…；It is no good feeling self——satisfied over your first success．
3)Is it any good…？Is it any good trying to exp1ain？
4)It's a waste of time…；It's a waste of time arguing about it.
3.动名词还可以在There is no…句子结构中做主语：
There is no asking him to come now．He is busy．
这种句子中的动名词常带有宾语，其句型含义相当于It is impossible to do…
二、动名词作表语
连系动词常与动名词连用，一起构成复合谓语：
Our task is building China into a powerfu1 modern socialist country.
三、动名词作宾语
1.作动词宾语：
This factory has stopped producing the old type of engine.
必须接动名词作宾语的动词常见的有：consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，excuse，finish，give up，cannot help（禁不住），imagine，mind，miss，practise，put off，resist，suggest，pardon，stop，allow，permit，forbid，appreciate等。

2.作介词宾语：
在介词后面，常常用动名词作宾语，这样构成的介词短语常用作定语或状语
There are several ways of doing it.（定语）
After finishing the experiments，we wrote down the results.（状语）
这样的介词短语间或作表语：
I am for putting the meeting off.
须接动名词做介词宾语的成语很多，最常见的有：Insist on, think of dream of hear of prevent…from, keep…from, stop…from, be engaged in, look forward to，depend on，thank…for, feel like，excuse…for, aim at, devote…to, set about, spend…（in），waste…(in),
get／be used to，be fond of be afraid of, be tired of succeed in, be interested in, feel／be ashamed of, be proud of等。

四、动名词的逻辑主语：
动名词之前可以加上一个物主代词、名词的所有格、人称代词的宾格或名词的普通格，来表示这个动名词的逻辑主语。

1.物主代词＋动名词
这种结构可置于句首，也可放在句中或句末，常可用作主语、表语、宾语或介词宾语：
His going there won't do any harm（主语）
Do you think his going there will be of any help？（主语）
What's troubling them is their not having enough food．（表语）
They insisted on my staying there for dinner.（宾语）
2.名词的所有格＋动名词
其用法与“物主代词＋动名词”相同：
We all thought Tom's going there a great mistake.
3.人称代词宾格＋动名词（不能放在句首用作主语）He was angry about me not having to
leave early.
4.名词的普通格＋动名词（不能放在句首用作主语）
I don't like young people smoking.
其它情况下的动名词的逻辑主语形式
1)如果动名词的逻辑主语是无生命的东西，就只能用普通格。

Is there any hope of your factory winning the game？
2)如果动名词的逻辑主语是一个较长的名词词组，也只能用普通格：
Did you ever hear of a man of good sense refusing such an order？
五、动名词的否定式
1.一般式：not doing（主动形式）：not being done（被动形式）
2.完成式：not having done（主动形式）；not having been done（被动形式）
注意：当动名词带有逻辑主语时，not应放在逻辑主语后面。

如：his not seeing the film.
六、动名词的完成式
其形式为：（以do为例）having done（主动形式）；having been done（被动形式）。

如果动名词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，常用其完成式：
He was praised for having completed thirty years of teach.
但是在forget，remember，regret等动词和apologize for，excuse…for，thank…for等成语后，经常
可用动名词的一般式来代替其完成式：
I remember posting （＝having posted）the letter．
Excuse me for coming （＝having come）late
七、动名词的被动式
其形式为：（以do为例）being done（一般式）；having been done（完成式）
当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词所表示的动作的对象；当句中的主语逻辑上是动名词所表示的动作的对象时，动名词一般要用被动式（多数情况下用一般被动式代替完成被动式）：
They insisted on their being treated as ordinary workers.。