考研英语笔记样本
考研英语语法笔记
考点解读—I 竹川 —<U-缁构成,林词的HfttttrJF 英僵大fJ»W B. 的HMT ■八 H 法催指助粉牛鼻■并多类偈福念,— «« 9—才fttW.队而用解何了及整管文章.小刃x 推一 *w»w*个网性的旬法功能,股*个句r 成分扬山•丝苗住的映词构成,臼<实湖・筑NhT 词.定词郭,_ Kff : The book ison die <Mc.—表请.Tbc tail iiKia is a sitter.—资Hf : I found a cat on the gnm.—ftUfMW : g call him a ban.—定iff : I found a stone *all in the tillage_ 14位略 Mr. Liu. <mr EngliUitocher, is very handuMiic状墉:The desk weighs 20 kikxnctm.r —衣所H X*: my mom's dress星一 a woman's school所有ft 友雄作的执行者晚承受W : my father's praiseL 七所4怖er or the book(发部分情L ««所有格T l — a (bend of m y sister,s 厂不定Hiil : w — /fam. 体化一 定H4ihe —衰龄指的人棚的-专冠耳一衰许多特殊金义和特殊用法i —上格 I you he she it m c you they—人•代可一食格 me you him her Hut you them-r —形IlFHft my your hk her its our your their缶主代诃1—名Hft nunc yem his hen its om youn tbcin»— yourself himself berself itself反Q 代i4一 Uti cun )dv«8youraclvct thetrndvesIflU 代伺 一 each otba. one anoticr. cacholiKr'K. unc anoiber\—I#点代伺一this (ha! ihctc tlKMe such samewho wlnxii w I kjbc wlsil— wh0 *仙"whS shM that whoic whoeverwlnnacva w I m I c ?«c « wlasvbcva 等X *代词一 wtio whom who«c which (hat as不定代词注It : I. -body *n one HA2. 意忠:奇西《!•情3 5“楠个意恩:一些和萦,比如wmcbvok M Rtncbwks •些卜4不定代词的定讲要后置every some-iny ・no-X.body -one everybody exvryooe Mcnebod}anybody nobody wmeonc anyone no one 物.thmg ncrything something anythin nothing -where e\crywbcfc wmcwbcrc anywhere nuwhcn:考点梳理h M w t t 一代上文HMMR -tt —代上文B91R 示代词代天1<、HM-距Mb 拜境等—代不的一个人—*«[个句子—畛式主济一Ifs impoftant for you io learn tinghxh _ * * 诡 K —腿 made it dear thai he would go _ 落式英通—^roo jfixNMh.—主,宾/状。
考研英语写作笔记
First, you loveEnglish andIthink interest is the best teacher. then, if you learnedEnglish as your main course, you would become anEnglish teacher who can help so many Chinese to realize their dreams。at last, possibly, you could go abroad to teach foreigners how to study Chinese, as is a fantastic idea.
Dear XXX,howare you getting along these days? I miss you very much.
Dear XXX, your letter came into my hand yesterday.
写作目的与公务书信一致
3、第二段:和公务书信一致
4、第三段:So it is the very moment for me to do+文章目的+问候语
So you could consider my suggestion carefully, and make a prudent determination to have a bright future.
新东方考研英语复习笔记:阅读
新东方考研英语复习笔记: 阅读1. 来源: 西方的报刊杂志2. 文体: 议论文, 说明文, 记叙文, 应用文3. 历年考题: 多为社会科学, 自然科学, 人文科学4. 大纲key word:三步走:1. 通读全文, 抓住中心(1)文章叙述的主要内容是什么?(2)文章中有无题到核心概念?(3)作者大致态度是什么?2. 仔细审题返回原文(1)通常是由题干出发, 使用寻找关键词定位原则。
大写字母, 地名, 时间, 数字等。
(2)自然段定位原则: 出题顺序与行文的顺序是大体一致的。
3. 重叠选项, 得出答案。
困难:1. 单词量不大, 句型结构复杂2. 作者的观点具有一点的隐蔽性3. 选项的迷惑性做题误区:1.做得太快, 做题靠印象或直觉2.先看题后读文章3.不知如何做记号标点符号:1.“。
”句号, 分隔句子。
以“。
”为单位, 把段分隔成块, 而后逐个击破。
2.“, ”逗号, 两个逗号之间是补充说明成份时, 在阅读过程中可以跳过去不读。
3.“:”冒号, 后面进一步补充说明前面的内容, 冒号的前后有一个从抽象到具体的过程。
4.“;”分号, 并列结构, 语义上的并列, 结构上的并列。
5.“——”破折号, 两个“——”之间是补充说明成份, 可以先不去读。
6.““”“引号, 引用某人的观点, 反讽, 讽刺。
7.“()”补充说明, 解释生词。
例证题:1. 当文中出现example, case, illustration2. 返回原文, 找出该例证所在的位置, 既给该例子定位。
3. 90%向上, 10%向下搜索该例证周围区域找出该例证的论点。
注意:举例的目的是支持论点。
4. 找出该论点, 并与4个选项比较, 得出选项中与观点最一致的答案。
5. 错误题的干扰特征经常是:就事论事。
词汇题:1. 返回原文找出该词会出现的地方2. 注意结合上下文理解该单词的意思3. 如该词回为简单词汇, 则其字面意思必然不是正确答案4. 词汇题的正确答案经常隐藏在干词汇的原文出现的附近5. 注意同位语、特殊标点、定语从句以及前后缀微观阅读方法:1. 抓主干2. 看标点符号3. 被动变主动4. 消减否定法5. 重新段句6. 对照法----即抓一些重点词(1)如in other words 等词组(2)转折词(3)表结果的词(4)表递进的词起、承、转、合注意引用目的: 不论是正面还是反面引述都是为了说明文章主题或主旨, 否则就无意义, 引述也就没有必要了。
英语专业研究生考试笔记,英汉翻译笔记
英语专业研究生考试笔记,英汉翻译笔记:6.词组的翻译英语专业研究生考试笔记,英汉翻译笔记:第六部分词组的翻译1.all+抽象名词/抽象名词+itself =very + adj.He was all gentleness to her.他对她非常温存。
To his superiors, he is humility itself。
对于长辈,他极为谦逊。
分析:该结构原来是表示某种性质达到极点的一种说法,有“非常”、“尽管”、“一味”、“尽”的含义,有时甚至可以译为“。
的化身”、“。
的具体化”。
普通复数名词用于“all”之后,也是表达这种概念。
He is all smiles.他一味地笑。
She is all eyes.她盯着看。
I am all anxiety.我真担心。
He is all attention.他全神贯注地听着。
2.Something (much) of / nothing (little) ofMr.Li is something of a philospher.李先生略具哲学家风范。
Mr. Wu is nothing of a musician.吴先生全无音乐家的风味。
Mr. Lu is very much of a poet.陆先生大有诗人气派。
Mr.Liu is little of a scholar.刘先生几无学者风度。
分析:此为表示“程度”的形容词短语,有时可以当作副词翻译。
Something of =to some extent(某程度),在问句和条件句中则用anyting of(略有、多少)。
nothing of译作“全无、毫无”。
相类似的情况:to be something of = to have something of + 名词+in +代名词He is nothing in ability of an orator = He has nothing of an orator in his ability.他毫无演说家的才能。
2022年考研英语小作文个人笔记(word版)
考研英语小作文(书信类应用文)写在前面:英语一英语二小作文都是考察应用文写作,也即书信类应用文,字数要求100词,实际写110词左右即可,不要过长更不要不足100词。
一些格式问题。
Dear XX顶格写,正文开头空四个字母,末尾Yours,Li Ming 右对齐。
考试中忘记写Dear或者Yours部分不要在意,一般不会扣分。
当然为了书信结构完整,请尽量不要忘记这两个小细节,实在忘记了不要过多得去纠结。
关于英语练字。
如果你备考时间充裕可以选择练字,如果时间不允许,可以把更多精力放在其他科目上,只需要定期模考或者摹写英语作文,考试时只需要保证卷面整洁,字体清晰,让阅卷老师舒服即可,也不必苛求自己一定写得多么艺术。
除本文外,还需回顾近十年小作文真题及其范文,其中投诉信多年未考查,你可以自己斟酌要不要准备这个类型的小作文。
08真题(英语一):道歉+建议信Directions:You have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot toreturn to Bob, your landlord there. Write him a letter to1)make an apology, and2)suggest a solution例文:Dear Bob:开头:我写此信的目的是为了向你道歉。
在离开加拿大时,我忘了把那盘披头⼠士乐队的CD还给你。
走的时候太匆忙了,我把所有东西都塞到⼠行李中,没有仔细检查。
当时要是多加注意的话,就不会犯这种低级错误了。
I’m writing to apologize for having forgotten to return the “the Beatles”CD to you when I left Canada. I was in such a hurry that I packed everything in my luggage without checking carefully. Had I paid more attention then, I wouldn’t have made such a stupid mistake.第二段:因为我知道你特别珍爱那盘CD,所以⼠一定要想办法解决这个问题。
考研英语精读笔记(word格式,校正版,完美打印版).范文
考研英语精读笔记总结1991年第一篇:1.重要词汇点:triumph n./v. 胜利urgent a.紧急的struggle to do 努力做,试图做hold back 阻止,隐瞒tide n.潮流ingredient n.要素;配料accountability n.责任,责任心,责任感accountable a.负责的account for 解释;占据(比例) 为sth负责be liable for sthvalues n.价值观ultimate a.最终的,最大的ultimately ad.impose sth on sb 将sth强加于sb external a.外部的internal a.内部的restraint n.限制restrain vt.限制guilt n.内疚,内疚感;罪行,罪责be guilty of sth 对sth有罪embarrass vt.使尴尬embarrassment n.community n.社区;社会;界,圈子;地方the scientific community 科学界hold up 举起;支撑;阻碍proclaim v.宣称tolerate v.容忍,宽容loose a.松的,松散的loosen v.使松,使松散typical a.典型的consider A B 把A看作B A is considered B. A被看作B。
enrage vt.激怒 rage n.愤怒breakdown n.崩溃;分解radical a.根本的;激进的shift n./v.转变,转换,变动commit crimes 犯罪victim n.牺牲品victimize vt.使成为牺牲品shocking a.令人震惊的reverse v./a./n.颠倒;倒退;反转reversal n. underprivileged a.弱势的,缺乏基本权益的bring up 抚养;提出upbringing n. 抚养;提出fail to do 未能;无法moral a.道德的;品行端正的guidance n.指导,引导guide v. stable a.稳定的disadvantaged a. 弱势的,缺乏基本权益的circumstances n.环境engage in = be engaged in 从事,进行desperate a.绝望的;不顾一切的desperately ad. 绝望的;不顾一切的;及其,非常evil n./a.邪恶virtue n.美德;优点wise a. 智慧的,明智的wisdom n. prevail vi. 占上风,盛行,流行prent a. prence n. defeat n./v.击败;失败desirable a.可取的= advisable a. = preferable a. = favorable a. bear the blame for sth 为sth负责be held responsible for sth 为sth负责be responsible for sth 为sth负责self-discipline n.自律restrict v.限制mutual a.相互的;共同的stick to 坚持s restriction n.限制 restrictive a.限制的,限制性的第二篇:adolescence n.青春期adulthood n.成年,成年期adult n./a.成年;成年的as to 关于constitute vt.构成constitution n.构成;体质;宪法maturity n.成熟 mature a. primitive a.原始的frequently ad. = often 经常frequent a. relatively ad.相对的,比较的,很pattern n.模式;规律prolonged a.延长的prolong vt. 延长couple n.一对,两口子 a couple of 几个ceremony n.仪式coupled with 伴随,伴随着status n.身份,地位,状态given a.特定的frontier n.边界,边界定居区;前沿,尖端universally ad. 普遍地universal a formal a.正式的informal a.不正式的recognition n.承认,认可recognize vt. symbolic a.象征的,象征性的 symbol n. significance n. 重要性,意义 significant a. initiation n.使进入;开始,使开始initiation ceremony n.进入仪式,开始仪式;成年仪式sequence n.系列 sequent a. privilege n.特权minor a./n.较小的vote v.投票remove vt.去除 removal n. grant vt.授予fare n.票价obtain vt.获得license n.执照basically ad.基本上;基本而言basic a. liquor n.烈酒financial a.金融的;财政的;财务的finance n.金融;财政;vt.资助contract n.合同contract vt.收缩acquire vt.获得additional a.额外的,其他的majority n.大部分;主体attain vt.获得;达到provision n.提供;预防,准备;约定;规定point to 表明mark vt.标志着give place to 让位于dividing line 分界线join the army 参军exist vi.存在existence n. existent a. permission n.允许permit vt.第三篇contain v.包括,包含;遏制term A B = call A B = name A B 把A称作B composed of 由...组成composition n.组成;结构;作品occur vi.发生mineral element 矿物质dissolve v.溶解solution n.溶液woody a.木质的;木头的stem n.茎干tissue n.组织in the presence of 在...存在的情况下solid a./n.固体;紧密的minute a.微小的n.分钟opening n.开口;空缺vapor n.蒸汽trace n.极少量;踪迹quantity n.数量saturation n.饱和saturate v.饱和 3 parts in 10 parts 十分之三F = Fahrenheit 华氏温度;华氏温度计intake n.摄入;摄入量in terms of 就...而言in proportion to 与...成比例的;与...相比的concentration n.集中;聚集synthesize vt.合成synthesis n.合成sustain v.支撑derive sth from A 从A获得sth preserve v.保存develop an idea 阐述一个观点utilize vt.利用absorb v.吸收It is as proper to term the plant a water structure as to call a house composed mainly of brick a brick building. (It is as proper to do A as to do B. 做A和做B是一样恰当的)把植物称作水构造,和把一所主要由砖构成的房子称作砖房一样,都是恰当的。
考研英语复习笔记
考研英语复习笔记英语考试共3个⼩时,分完型、阅读和写作(⼤⼩作⽂)建议答题顺序若觉得刚开始答题⽐较清醒则:1、⼀开始,精⼒充沛,先做Part A (四篇阅读),18min/篇(15~20min)2、再做翻译,共5句。
5min/句(25~30min)3、新题型(排序题)30min4、⼩作⽂10~15min(100字)5、⼤作⽂30min(160~200字)6、完型13~15min若觉得刚开始答题状态还没调整好则:按题⽬顺序答题1、2:00~2:15 完型2、2:15~3:20 阅读4篇3、3:20~3:40 新题型4、3:40~4:05 翻译4:05~4:20 ⼩作⽂4:20~5:00 ⼤作⽂PS:考研前⼀年的9⽉份每个周六下午2:00~5:00摸考训练,要做最近⼏年的真题⼀个星期做⼀套题,不要只看答案,要精读总结考试前做份简单的,增加信⼼⼀、完型(考语法和词汇)答题技巧——⼋原则(⼀)虚拟语⽓原则1、条件状语从句中的虚拟(1)与现在事实相反从句:If did(were) 主句:would/should/could/might do (2)与过去事实相反从句:If had done 主句:would/should/could/might have done (3)与将来事实相反did从句:If were to do 主句:would doshould do考点1、错综条件句If you had come tomorrow,you could see him tomorrow(真实情况是明天你不会来)2、倒装句若had were should 移到句⾸,变成倒装(此点考察难度⽐较⼤)3、but or(否则)otherwise ⽤虚拟I was ill yesterday,otherwise,I would have come to see you.2、宾语从句中的虚拟(1)I wish that did(were) 现在had done 过去I wish I had a lot of money 我希望我有钱(实际上现在没有钱)(2)suggest that (should)do考点1、第三⼈称(he、she、it)I suggest that he study hard.2、not doI suggest that he not study hard.3、be doneI suggest that the work be donePS:表建议的词:Advise/propose/recommend/move(提议)/order/demand/request/insist(表“坚决要求”⽤虚拟,表“坚持”⽤真实语⽓)表命令要求的词:(3)would rather that did 希望……I would rather that you stayde at home3、主语从句中的虚拟(1)I t is suggested that (should)do(2)It is important/necessary/essential/vital/imperative that (should)do(3)It is time that did4、表语从句中的虚拟My suggestion/advice/proposal/recommendation/motion/order/request/requirement that(should)do 5、其他(1)as if/through did 与现在事实相反had did 与过去事实相反he looks at me as if he had known me.(2)lest(以免、以防、万⼀)should doHe put on more clothes lest he should get cold(3)If only(句⾸)…要是。
考研英语做题笔记
英语笔记一、英语做题顺序:1、写作60min ――小作文20min 大作文40min2、阅读80min3、新题型15min4、翻译20min5、完型二、完型:1.读懂首句+首段[并列、转折、花开两朵]首句:Two/either...or...*花朵一**花朵二likewise=similarly相类似的Furthermore 而且,此外However有都豆干“然而”,无豆干“无论怎样”。
while前后动作局势一致2.阅读空格动词:及物/不及物名词:可数/不可数形容词:褒义/贬义选项中出现熟词辟意,because, although, however, for example, for instance, like, say, subject, subjected, available一定是答案选项中出现only, if only, in case, since, now that, ever since, unless, with regard to,with respect to一定错误三、阅读:1.标序号2.读题干――段落号+定位词3.扫读文章――依次而下划定每个题目的基本区域4.利用区域进行同义对应+题型解题方法5.题型:细节题(推论+是非+例证)+态度+语义+主旨①、细节题*再次确认题干中是否出现时间表达[旧的观点时间词:used to,usually,often,the traditional view,at one time, once]注:【the conventional view, the popular belief】**读完整个解题区区域后,不要急于答案,先观察选项中是否出现原文单词***同义改写4*.正反对比选项……5*选项有比较级,常识相关,绝对概念的可能错误②、推论题Learn infer 推论推断概括或同义改写主旨main idea,,best title*核心词汇*文章首段+第二段开头+除最后一段的其它段落开头*……接下来的文章要讲啥:看最后一段、态度题:*区域态度――1234题――依次而下找到区域*全文态度――5题――最后一段答案所在段落,先找有几句,每句开头是否有转折、并列――uncertainty,indifference,detached(超然的,分离的,独立的),unclear,puzzled,confused,vague,ambiguous,depressed,hopessed,helpless,subj ective,biased必选项态度题选项出现不认识单词――贬义favorable, critical, negative看清楚是谁的态度strongly favorable / slightly favorable / mildly favorable=res ervedly favorable④、语义题――*一定不认识“……”*不可以用词缀判断褒贬――un-dis――unload,uncover, undress划出来――观察旁边是否有:“――”;……and,or,but however, by contrast /on the contrary――就近原则如果你所猜的单词在句首,则上句;在句尾,在下一句;如果所猜的单词在引言中,则在引言中;如果在引言中,则在引言前面。
付博考研英语笔记
Abstract1. 文章主题概括;文章主题+文章结构2. 各段梗概描述;3. 该篇文章评价。
This essay provi des us with an overview of the problem of homelessness in America! It not only cast light on amount of homeless people but al so probes into possible countermeasures.In the first paragraph, the author endeavors to reveal the actual amount of thi s homeless populati on but in vain, merely concludi ng that the number is ever-increasing. Then he discusses corresponding solutions to thi s problem, but finding it difficult.This essay is really thought-provoking. It leaves us to conduct further research on thi s social problem and have a better reflection on this matter.常见的摘要句式有:1) This paper deals with...2) This article focuses on the topics of (that, having, etc)...3) This essay presents knowledge that...4) This thesi s di scusses...5) This thesi s analyzes...6) This paper provides an overview of...7) This paper elaborates on ...8) This article gi ves an overview of...9) This article compares...and summarizes key findings.10) This paper incl udes di scussions concerning...11) This paper presents up-to-date information on...12) This article covers the role of chemicals in...13) This paper addresses important topics including...14) This paper touches upon...15) This paper strongly emphasizes...16) This essay represents the proceedings of ...17) This article not onl y describes...but also suggests...18) This paper considers...19) This paper provides a method of ...20) This paper introduces an applicable procedure to analyze...21) This paper offers the latest information regarding...22) This paper is devoted to examining the role of...23) This article explores...24) This paper expresses views on...25) This paper reflects the state of the art in...26) This paper explains the procedures for...27) This paper develops the theory of ...28) This article reviews the techniques used in...29) This paper investigates the techniques and procedures to...30) This article is about...31) This essay is related to ...32) This paper concerns...33) This paper gives an account of ...34) This article tells of...35) This paper tries to describe...36) This paper provides an anal ysis of ...37) This paper reports the latest information on ...38) The author of this article reviews...39) The writer of thi s paper discusses...40) The writer of thi s essay tries to explore...41) The aim of this paper is to determine...42) The purpose of thi s article is to review...43) The objective of this paper is to explore...44) The author suggests (recommends, concludes)that…….45) This article shows that…….46) It is suggested that…….47) The author’s suggestion (conclusion )is that ……48) The author finds it necessary to …….完型中常考的介词及词组1. 介词vs小副词AcrossPrep. 碰到,遇到:I came across my ex-girlfriend in Europe.Adv. 以能被接受的方式进行:I got my idea across.AfterPrep. 探求、追求:Fu Rong seeks after fame and goes after big money.关于:He always asks after you.尽管:We are still husband and wife after all our disputes.仿照:I wrote a story after O. Henry.Adv.AgainstPrep. 以备(后用),预防:food stored agai nst winter / protection against the col d AlongPrep. 根据Adv. 一起bring your friend along / publish the paper along with the reportAmongPrep. 多者之间,群体内AroundPrep. 遍及:around the country.临近:I live around New York City.Adj. 存活:My puppy is no longer around.在场:ask if the witness i s aroundBehindPrep. 潜在的原因:Behind your every effort is your ambition. BeyondByConcerningForFor all the problems, the experience is valuable.FromPrep. 离开、脱离:keep … from… / prevent … from …InOfadj. = of n.OffAdj.OnAdj.OutPrep.Adv.OverPrep.Adv.ThroughPrep.Adv.TowardPrep.Adv.UnderPrep.Adv.UpPrep.Adv.WithPrep.Adv.2. 语篇逻辑中常见词汇转折however, yet, but, anyhow, anyway, nevertheless, while, whereas,instead, instead of;递进besi des, further, moreover, most important, in addition, furthermore, too, also, and then, agai n, indeed;条件、让步if, only if,in spite of, despite, though, although, even so, even though, rather, after all, regardless, while;原因、结果because, si nce, as, for, due to, so, therefore, thus, hence, in that , accordingly, consequently, as a result, as a consequence, so that , to thi s end;比较、对比likewise, at the same time, in the same way, in comparison, in contrast, like, as, just as, conversely, on the contrary ,while;列举、举例first, second, in the first place, in the second place, next, another, finally, still, namely, that is, for instance, for example, as an example, specifically, in particular;时间关系before ,after, until, till,meanwhile,subsequently。
考研英语复习笔记摘抄
考研英语复习笔记摘抄好多童鞋都觉得阅读难,句子太长读不懂,不会断句不会解题技巧,今天院长分享一篇学霸的阅读笔记,看完了考研英语阅读就不用愁了啊,下面是店铺的小编为你们整理的文章,希望你们能够喜欢考研英语阅读的基本解题思路第一,扫描提干,划关键项。
第二,通读全文,抓住中心。
1. 通读全文,抓两个重点:①首段(中心句、核心概念常在第一段,常在首段出题);②其他各段的段首和段尾句。
(其他部分略读,有重点的读)2. 抓住中心,用一分半时间思考3个问题:①文章叙述的主要内容是什么?②文章中有无提到核心概念?③作者的大致态度是什么?第三,仔细审题,返回原文。
(仔细看题干,把每道题和原文的某处建立联系,挂起钩)定位原则:①通常是由题干出发,使用寻找关键词定位原则。
(关键词:大写字母、地名、时间、数字等)②自然段定位原则。
出题的顺序与行文的顺序是基本一致的,一般每段对应一题。
要树立定位意识,每一题、每一选项都要回到原文中某一处定位。
第四,重叠选项,得出答案。
(重叠原文=对照原文)1. 通过题干返回原文:判断四个选项,抓住选项中的关键词,把选项定位到原文的某处比较,重叠选项,选出答案。
2.作题练习要求:要有选一个答案的理由和其余三个不选的理由阅读理解的解题技巧1. 例证题:①例证题的标记。
当题干中出现example,case, illustrate,illustration, exemplify 时。
②返回原文,找出该例证所在的位置,既给该例子定位。
③搜索该例证周围的区域,90%向上,10%向下,找出该例证支持的观点。
例子周围具有概括抽象性的表达通常就是它的论点。
注意:举例的目的是为了支持论点或是为了说明主题句。
举例后马上问这个例子说明了什么问题?不能用例子中的话来回答这个问题。
④找出该论点,并与四个选项比较,得出选项中与该论点最一致的答案。
⑤例证题错误答案设计的干扰特征经常是:就事论事。
即用例子中的某一内容拉出来让你去选。
新东方考研英语笔记整理版
新东⽅考研英语笔记整理版⽣活必须主动――07新东⽅考研英语笔记整理版注:1.本笔记根据07新东⽅辅导班(含强化班和冲刺班)现场录⾳整理,百分百正版。
2.历时半年,参考⽆数⽹上资料。
尤其是印建坤阅读部分,他是的资料⼗分零散,整理起来⼗分⾟苦。
3.最好使⽤效果⽅法:本资料、真题和录⾳(尤其是印建坤阅读部分)⼀起复习,最⾼境界是把04-06年真题背下来(注:印⽼师语)。
前提是听过新东⽅07版课n次(n>=1)和细读过历年真题n次(n>=2)。
4.并不是每个部分都值得认真记,推荐阅读和翻译部分。
请注意阅读部分,印建坤风格和以前⽼师有所不同。
要注意概念转换。
5.真题就是经典。
真题是考试之纲,争分之本呀!!6.最后附有“考试⾍”全部技巧以供参考。
7.由于时间⼗分紧张,没有仔细排版校正,请见谅。
8.时间不是关键,致命的是⽅法。
这些技巧都是“技”,要是勤奋练习就是“术”,关键是⽤⼼做事才能修成“道”,如果天分不错最后就是“⽆招胜有招。
⼼中有剑,⼿中⽆剑”的最⾼境界。
加油!9.鸣谢:⼗分感谢过去各位的帮忙和⿎励。
⼀路⾛来因为互相⽀持,我们变得更加坚强。
衷⼼祝愿当春暖花开时,我们会⼼想事成也希望我们会成为好朋友馨馨敬上(注:数字代表做题时间)阅读:90+-10cloze:15+-5新题型:15翻译:20+-5⼩作⽂:15+-5⼤作⽂:25+-506年outline:最难:完型(a最多) 阅读(b最多)全国最低:7选5(前3个c最多)(后2个d最多)最易:写作具体部分请见阅读和cloze部分。
印建坤阅读技巧+实⼒=成功(培养每⼀种题型能⼒)●速度,准度是成功关键●读⽂章能⼒达标:读⼀遍就知道哪个句⼦会出题●长句读不懂是因为写不出来●要是余2个选项不知如何选,要⽐较2选项侧重点与得分句和辅助句侧重点的关系。
●概率论做题法:分析04-06年,只有05年是4个选项都是5个外,其他2年都是2个5个,1个4个,1个6个,要注意。
考研英语单词笔记
考研英语单词笔记翻硕复习的一大重头戏就是词汇,而词汇量是巨大的,必须要有日常的积累和复习,并且掌握科学的记忆方法,才能最有效地积累词汇量。
下面是关于英语词汇的学习笔记以供大家参考。
(1)1 aghast(adj)(尤作表语) ~ at sth 惊恐,惊奇He stood aghast at the terrible sight。
他被那可怕的景象吓呆了。
★ astonished(adj)(通常做表语)感到惊讶,吃惊She looked astonished when she heard the news。
她听到那消息时显得很吃惊。
◎ astonishing(adj)使人惊讶的,惊人的I find it quite astonishing that none of you like the play。
我感到惊讶的是你们谁都不喜欢那个剧目。
There was an astonishing number of applicants of the job。
申请这份工作的人数多的惊人。
astonish(vt)使某人惊讶,吃惊,震惊The news astonished everyone。
这个消息使大家感到吃惊。
astonishment(n)惊讶,惊奇2、cumber(v)阻碍,拖累We could not cumber our thought with his reproaches。
我们不会因为他的谴责而妨碍我们的想法。
★ hinder(vt) ~ sth/sb from sth/doing sth 阻碍,妨碍某人某事物的进展,阻挠或耽误某人某事物。
Production was hindered by lack of materials。
由于缺乏原料,生产陷入停顿。
3、decree(v)发布(命令),颁布(法令)(n)命令,法令The governor decreed a day of mourning。
2022年考研英语二大作文个人笔记(word打印版)
英语二大作文(图表作文)主要内容:个人复习笔记手写例文+印刷体标准范文附带中文翻译可供摘抄、背诵、摹写英语二大作文需要认真研究本文档及近十年英语二真题及范文,做到会描述图表(基本的百千万亿的表达、描述变化、描述比例等等)、会分析变化的原因和提出措施,平日多积累与日常生活相关的生词一、人口老龄化Directions:1)interpret the chart,2)and give your comment (150词)手写例文1第一段:Tips:Striking=remarkable 明显的,显著的Ascend 上升It is predicted/estimated/projected that 预测... Proportion比例,比重Trend=tendency 趋势Attaining=reaching 达到Tips:For one thing,...For another,...Upcoming=forthcoming 即将到来的XX is characterized by ... XX的特征是,XX以...为特征Lifespan=lifetime 寿命Better=superior 更好的In addition=additionally 此外,而且Ps:后面给出参考范文,与手写例文大同小异,手写例文若翻译有困难也可参照参考范文给出的中文翻译,本篇作文题建议记诵手写例文即可。
参考范文:Given is a table that clearly ilustrates the striking trend of aging population in China fom 1990 to 2050.Since 1990,the number of people aged 60 and above ascended slighty, from 97.19 million to 136 million.Then,it is predicted that the number will surge remarkably, reaching 410 milion in 2050.Meanwhile,the proportion of aged citizens has display and will display the similar trend,and it may atain 27.4%.Such statistics can be asociated with various problems in aged society,butwhat resulted in this change above?For one thing,during the past 30 years,China was characterized by the family planming policy,which enabled most families in cities to have only one kid.This led the proportion of youngsters to fall.For another,compared with the past,medical care and quality of ife are and wil be beter.So,people wi enjoy greater longevity and the percentage of aged people showed and will show a trend of rise.Accordlingly,Chinese govermment is suposed to focus more eyesight on the upcoming challenges in the forthcoming future.Meanwhile,it is esential to work out comprehensive strategies to strengthen the social welfare to reduce young people's stress.译文:所给是一个表格,清晰展示了中國老龄人口从1990年到2050年的明显趋势。
考研英语一、英语二大纲词汇、写作变动明细笔记
2023考研英语一/二大纲词汇变化详细释义ascribe|ə'skrʌtb|vt. 把…归因于 (attribute) (describe,prescribe,subscribe,script,manuscript)benevolent|br'nevelent|a. 仁慈的;善意的;和蔼的benevolence n.仁慈;善行;broker|'broukəl n.代理人;股票经纪人buffer|'bʌfəl|n. 缓冲物,缓冲者,调剂品;减震器;老顽固choir|'kwʌrəl n.唱诗班;合唱团chore n.家务活;讨厌的工作chunk |tʃʌŋk|n.大块;相当大的量 a chunk of<ustody |'kʌstədi|n.拘留;监禁;保管decree |dr'kri:|n.法令;裁定;vt. 颁布;裁决discharge |drs tʃa:dʒl n./vt.允许出院,退伍;解雇,解散;排放;清偿;履行;卸下; vi. 流出,放电eradicate|r'radrkertl vt.根除;扫除hybrid |'hʌtbrid|n.杂交物;混合物; a. 混合的landscape |'lan(d)skerpl n. 地貌;风景画pottery |'pot(ə)ri n.陶器;陶器厂;制陶手艺,制陶行业predator|'predet(ə)ri a.捕食性的;掠夺成形的strand |strand|vt.使…搁浅;使…受困,滞留; n. 海滨,湖岸; n. 股;缕;串2023考研大纲写作新增样题小作文(英语一)Section Ill WritingPart A51.Directions:Read the following post from a message board and write a note in reply.SHEET.Do not use your own name in your note;use "Li Ming"instead.(10 points) 题目来源:高等教育出版社2023版英语一考试大纲(非英语专业)Dear Barbara,hope you are doing great!I am Li Ming,a Chinese college senior student. I happened to see your post recruiting an online Chinese tutor, so I am writing to apply.The reasons why I believe l fit this post are asfollows.First,I major in TeachingChinese to Other Languages,and I have won a couple of speech and debatecontests. Second,I have been teaching Chinese online to3 foreign kids,6-9 years old,or two years,and I love helping them to learning Chinese and improve their grades. Besides,I am available on every weekends,7 p.m.to 10 p.m.,Beijing time. If thistime suits your daughter,I believe I can help her to learn Chinese quickly and happily.Since l am experienced at teaching Chinese to foreign kids,I expect my pay to be at 15 USD per hour.I am looking forward to your reply.Best regards,Li Ming2023考研大纲写作新增样题小作文题型:会议纪要对参加的会议、对谈做一个会议/对谈的纪要。
考研英语单词课堂笔记_1
a art.一(个);每一(个);(同类事物中)任一个abandon vt.放纵,放弃离弃,丢弃;遗弃,抛弃;放弃band n.条,带;乐队(四五个人被绑在一起);波段(每个波段像小布条);v.缚,绑扎(名词的动词化)band age n.绷带v.用绷带扎缚ban-词根:布带banner n.旗(帜)slogan n.(s:加强语气,log:唠嗑)标语,口号logo 标识谁长谁是一句话,谁短谁是图band v.缚,绑扎bound v./n.(从band来的,很想抄袭band但是还要创新,怎么办,这个地方的从旧词创造新词,辅音不变,原音降级)a.被束缚的,一定的;n.界限(因为警察保护现场的时候用布条围住现场可以作为界限的含义); 跳(跃)(取蹦跶的谐音)standastound vt.(人们每次受惊的时候会瞠目结舌会愣住,形声词,a:是声音“啊”,stand:是动作,站住) 使惊骇,使大吃一惊astonish vt.(从astound简化而来,简化版本,对astound进行压缩)使惊讶,使吃惊band 布袋bound 绑缚的,界限bond n.(结合在一起就是绑在一起)结合(物),粘结(剂),联结;公债,(债券一般是成捆的东西)债券,契约bound ary n.(纯粹的分界线的含义)分界线,边界bound 绑缚的,边界;蹦跶abound vi.(绑也绑不住,捆也捆不住,搂都搂不住)大量存在;(in,with)充满,富于abund ant a.(是abound的形容词形式,后缀ant是形容词后缀,在此处不是蚂蚁的意思,后缀是表示词性的东西。
)大量(充足)的;(in)丰富(富裕)的abund ance n.(abound的名词形式)丰富,充裕,大量boundbund-词根:捆绑bundle n.(谐音读起来好像是“邦的”,和bunch是同一个意思)捆,包,束bunch n.(一)簇,束,捆,串。
考研英语一真题笔记
2005though虽然如此可是- 有时作为副词”可是”与however表“然而”用法一致anyway无论如何总之-“尽管如此” 主句部分是重点I’m afraid we can’t come, but thanks for the invitation anyway-“不过,总之” 转换话题、结束谈话/回到先前的话题Anyway, let’s forget about that for the moment-“至少” 纠正某陈述,更侧重于”略微改变/补充(使严谨)”She doesn’t want to have children. Not now, anyway.instead代替顶替反而却-事1没干,相反,干了事2,2以1的取代形式出现determine查明(事实) 确定测定detect发觉察觉–to notice or sense sth, especially sth that is not easy to see,hear,persive dilute使稀释变淡削弱降低dissolve溶解-固体溶解于液体disperse分散疏散散开–可用于气体扩散,强调spread over a wide areadiffuse使(热量、气体等)扩散;传播–强调spread through sth 渗透弥漫underrate过低评价低估when相反却- 可表示转折引出一种事实或评论使主句显得出人意料或不可能she claimed to be 18, when I know she’s only 16since自…以来;因为-可表因果whereas而–used to compare or contrast two facts 有时可用while替换at all根本一点也(不) 究竟-用于否定句或疑问句,表示强调at large大体上整个-意为as a whole或in general表示泛指总体情况at times有时间或incompetent无能力不胜任的summon召集召唤otherwise在其他方面以不同方式不然否则-表达”除此之外”的含义he was tired but otherwise in good health nevertheless然而不过be sick of对…感到厌烦的be sure of对…有把握be tired of厌烦厌倦的be available for可得到可用的reliable可信赖可靠的long with连同…一起加aside from除…以外slack松懈懈怠outrage激起(某人)义愤使震怒underlying潜在隐含的-underlying assumption 潜在的假设grievance不满pose a contrast形成对照make a comparison做出比较readily乐意心甘情愿地n.readiness 意愿incline to 更倾向于reluctant a.不情愿-be reluctant to不愿意不情愿induce引起招致resentment愤怒-induce resentment引起愤恨in exchange for作为…的交换hand over交出abundantly极其非常-abundantly clear 十分清楚非常明白righteous indignation义愤sense of fairness公平感stem from起源于as yet至今到目前为止buy相信(尤指不大可能的事) 承认接受-buy into相信correlation关系be out to是为了buy that nonsense听信那些无稽之谈go to early graves早死panel专家团enlist谋求某人帮助definitely毫无疑问地in one wave after another一波又一波前仆后继awaken sb to sth使察觉到意识到唤起the future consequences of present actions现在的行为对未来的影响come from many quarters来自多方面pour fumes into the air向大气中排放废气take out an insurance policy投保引申为采取防范措施a majority of大多数take sth seriously严肃对待某事press for sth不断要求某事press forward on sth推进某事paralysis by analysis分析导致瘫痪serve成为(某个身份)-serve as充当发挥(作用)steward保护者- responsible stewards of the plannet有责任心的地球保护者initiative先行措施-take the legislative initiative行使立法动议权fashion形成塑造- fashion conservation measures制定保护措施incentive n.奖励- offer financial incentives for为…提供财政奖励promising有希望有前途的[ˌdʒʊərɪsˈdɪkʃn]-a promising start一个很有希望的开端sound完好健康无损伤的-be environmentally sound 对环境无害有益环境aggravate变得更严重power plants 发电厂suspend暂停formulate创立(新观点、理论等)disguise伪装加班harness控制及利用(自然力等)innermost内心深处的of all…,… is the least…所有…之中最不…的一个a leading authority有影响力的权威人士bring … in under conscious control将…置于意识控制下limbic边缘的脑边缘系统的prefrontal脑额叶前部前额的cortex脑或肾的皮层皮质depressed沮丧的progress前进行进-progress toward朝向…发展show up among显露于…中show up出现show事情活动-run the show 负责某事主管persist持续persistent持续不断的-ly 坚持不懈持续不断地exercise关注使致力于(解决问题)-exercise control over 对…加以控制recur重现literally确实地(强调某件事虽然令人惊讶但却是真实的)control one’s course控制…的进程at the end of the day说到底不管怎么说command驾驭控制degradation毁坏恶化permissive放任纵容姑息的regrettable惋惜的a criticism against对…的批判academic speciality学术专长authentic可靠的真实的spell导致招致(尤指坏事)-spell the death of导致…的消亡elevated提高的capture充分体现performative表述行为的genre(尤指文学艺术的)类型流派[ˈʒɑnrə]claim取得获得spontaneity由内心所驱使的行为自然的举动denote表示well regarded受到好评的triumph over胜过dialect方言convey传达-convey ideas传达思想straight正确清楚地-think straight准确地思考high and low culture雅俗文化powerfully expressive具有强大表现力的talk proper规范地表达/说话chunk(从某物上切下或折下的)大块大段elaborate详尽说明阐述contempt轻视functional实用的humble卑微的noble高贵的radical激进的strictly necessary非常必要不可或缺的propose a reform提出一项改革建议grieve over为…哀叹/悲伤groan about抱怨soar(数量、价格等)猛增骤升roar 咆哮premier总理首相省长agency机构commission committee委员会bureaucracy官僚制度官僚政治官僚主义pool合伙(集中)使用公用(资源)共享likelihood可能性string(协议、关系等的附带)条件或限制if any如果有的话get cracking about迅速开始做积极主动做jurisdiction管辖权司法权[ˌdʒʊərɪsˈdɪkʃn]provincialist地方主义者advocate n.拥护者skyrocket急升剧涨剧增duplication重复复制play sb off against挑拨离间使…相斗(对立争吵)2006完型未完homogenize使统一使均匀使纯一assimilation同化democratize使民主化大众化-democraticuniformity同样一致性discourse(严肃的)谈话交谈casualness随意随便deference顺从-absence of deference 不拘礼节launch着手做某事发起发动intimate亲密的私人的-imitate 模仿popular culture大众文化be absorbed into融入同化cater to迎合fit into适应融入regardless of不顾不管mass media大众媒体unprecedented空前前所未有的-at unprecedented levels 达到前所未有的水平resistant抵抗抗拒抵制的-resistant to 对…抗拒的prior to在…之前home ownership住房自有be proficient to精通于be immune to对…免疫不受…的影响assimilative power同化力量divisive引起分裂造成不和的-divisive issue引起分歧的问题pocket一小片少量-pockets of小范围…seethe翻滚涌动翻腾[si:ð]-seething anger涌动的怒火indices指标迹象(index的复数形式) –social indices 社会指标rewarding有回报的townsfolk市民市镇居民largely主要的live off以…为生worthy有价值值得尊敬的revenue收入beard胡须sandal凉鞋deliciously非常令人愉悦有趣地-deliciously ironic绝妙的讽刺share(在多人参加的活动中所占的)一份share有同样的感情、想法、经历等frankly dislike坦言不喜欢毫不掩饰地讨厌take in欣赏参观on the side顺道bring in赚取subsidy n.补贴be decorated with用…装饰and so forth等等诸如此类in a row连续all year long一整年stay low保持低水平contribute directly to…对...有直接贡献clientele(统称)顾客主顾客户pointed尖锐尖刻锐利的drive away赶走look alike看起来相似box office售票处票房standing-room ticket 站票take a detached attitude采取超然中立的态度easy game容易被捕获的猎物fishery渔场biomass(单位面积或体积内的)生物量predator食肉动物exploitation开发开采利用halve减半changes in… over time…随时间的变化be reduced/increased by降低了/增加了vessel船舰prey被(其他动物或人)捕食的动物猎物saturate使充满使充斥-be saturated with 充满处于饱和状态stock储备物备用物供应物-fish stock 鱼类资源量baseline基础基线起点yield产量产出crop收成收获-crop from从…中获取…weird古怪奇异与众不同的-from…onward… 从…开始onward从(某时)起一直phony假冒的伪造的欺骗的dedicate致力于ideology思想体系思想意识just the opposite恰恰相反commercial culture商业文化reminder引起回忆的事物提醒物bummer令人失望或不愉快的局面或情形given all this鉴于这一切beam v.笑容满面眉开眼笑have an agenda有一个目的illusion假象carry销售出售-carry … at prices 以…价格出售CARRYcarry the greatest potential for带来…的最大可能carry a negative implication带有负面额含义carry on 继续做;开展,进行carry on with sth/carry sth on/carry on doing sth;carry on to carry out one’s work开展工作easy happiness唾手可得的幸福live with sth接受忍受lure n/v 吸引引诱诱饵auditor审计员issue(正式)发给;(报刊的)期,号法律sue控告提起诉讼charge指责控告patronage光顾involuntarily不自觉无意识地confine将某人/某物限制在一定范围内treatment center治疗中心include使成为…的一部分pose threat to sb/sth对某人/某事造成伤害bet/wager/gamble打赌赌博[ˈweɪdʒə(r)]toll-free免费的intentionally故意地flaw/failing缺点akin to与…相似(类似)pathological(行为或情感)非理智的无法控制病态的diagnostic诊断性的manual说明书使用手册to varying degrees在不同程度上compulsive难以制止难控制的operative可使用在使用中get back to even回本不输不赢stern严厉严格的anonymous匿名的conducive使容易(有可能)发生的[kənˈdju:sɪv]ground理由依据2007native本地人当地人inhabitant(某区域内的所有常住)居民peoples民族种族部落individual个人有某种特点的人cheerfully兴高采烈满不在乎乐意地--用于修饰”笑/说/问候”等具体实际动作--说明乐观的心态但暗含过于乐观冒失的意味--说明愿意做某事(而不抱怨不害怕)的欣然坦然知情hopefully怀有希望的forget忽视漠视reject排斥不考虑摒弃close to接近open to对特定群体开放devote to关于…的,专用于…的access to到达…的通路、入径;(使用/见到…的)机会/权利--①进入/准入(某地)权②使用(设备) 查看(信息/资料)权③接触(某人)权--不强调法律层面的权利succession to继承继任right to正当的要求权利return to返回(某地);恢复/返回(先前的情况或活动)presumably很可能大概想必是-引出某种主观推测,there be表客观存在不可同用incidentally顺便提一句–引出新话题/附加信息/临时想到的问题且内容不那么重要regime(尤指未通过公正选举的)统治制度政权政体colonialism殖民主义sovereign(国家)有主权的完全独立的viable能独立发展独立生存的set【僻义】一套一副一组(类似的东西或配套使用的东西)impact巨大影响强大作用allow 允许准许承认--可作正式用语,(法律上)接受,任课承认grant同意准予(某人提出的要求/请求)Since自…以来;因为-可表因果Unless除非如果不While…而,…然而--位于句首通常表示”尽管”=althoughIf--也可表示”让步”,表示与主语所述事实可能有少许不同He is a good driver,if a little over-confident 他是个好司机虽然有点自信interference干涉干预介入exclusion排斥排除cry叫喊鸣叫口号– rally cry 固定搭配(团结鼓励人们支持某人/事的)战斗口号,信念a word or phrase used to unite and courage people in support of sb/sth rally召集集合urge敦促力劝(某人做某事)former从前以前的remain剩余残存的produce引起导致带来-可表示”带来”,= bring aboutcontribute增加增进有助于造成temper【僻义】使缓和温和noteworthy值得注意显著重要的pronounced显著很明显的quirk怪现象mania狂热spotlight突显使人注意聚焦stress强调hysteria歇斯底里account for是…的原因random任意的-a random series of一系列任意….believe strongly in 坚信intuitive直觉的exhibit表现swamp(骤然)淹没浸没entail使必须(做某事) 需要(做某事) 牵扯coupled with加上,与…相结合pursuit事业消遣爱好兴趣-in the pursuit of追求startling令人吃惊的assertion断言声明主张trait特征个人特征nurture培养take to sth/doing sth 养成(某种习惯) 沉迷于a wide range of大范围的supplement(报纸杂志)副刊column(报纸杂志)专栏(文章)analogy类似类比类推deduce推理推断演绎field处理应付(问题/意见)query疑问visualize想象设想visual 视觉verbal 文字elude难道figure out计算出encompass包含包括涉及(大量事物)specify明确详细说明variation变体改编版本populate居住于事物在…占有位置distribution分布multiply乘indicator指标extreme极端的come in two forms有两种形式assess评估component因素critical重要的-be critical to sth对…至关重要impartial公正的negatively/positively correlated with… 与…负/正相关spouse配偶solidly稳固地殷实count on依赖fair play公平竞争pink slip解聘通知书bad diagnosis恶性诊断stripe类型类别-of all stripes各式各样的disruption破裂vulnerable容易受到伤害易受影响的-vulnerability 脆弱性易遭攻击性social implications社会意义side effect副作用make up弥补compensate弥补outlive(在…结束或消失后)继续存在retiree退休人员picture(某地方、组织等的)总体情况、局面bear承担legislative立法立法机关的–legislative hall 国会大厅deductible保险扣除条款demographics人口统计数据odds(事物发生的)可能性attendant伴随随之而来的eightfold八倍的(地) 八重popularize普及absorb the risk承担风险a large new dose of大量新增的wholesale大批大规模的fallout后果余波-financial/political fallout经济/政治后果outweigh超过in conflict矛盾之中的in ruins没落的work against对…不利accounting财务-accounting security 财会安全compliance服从遵守feeble薄弱脆弱的earn招惹suite随员随从[swi:t]fierce激烈的severity严重性sort out解决put right纠正corporation governance公司治理be high on one’s agenda在某人议事日程上占据高位potential vulnerability潜在的漏洞massive巨大的极具破坏力的intricate复杂精细的peer into检查in search of 寻找redundancy冗余penalty制裁-legal penalty法律惩罚disclose披露overshadow使扫兴使大丢脸面颜面尽失business process业务流程investment level投资标准economic asset经济资产due attention足够的重视state of affairs事态go astray丢失被盗do the rounds为寻求政治支持而拜访,引申为”一直处于审议的过程中”get into the wrong hands落入别有用心的人之手set an example树立榜样leisure activity娱乐活动on a regular basis定期经常地develop制定(规划) 形成(观点)figure out想出弄明白content同contentment 满足transition过渡setback挫折退步authentic真实的vaunted受追捧被吹嘘的downside不足之处缺点foggy模糊不明确的gratification满足-delay gratification 延期享受deploy运用meet a deadline如期完成monotonous单调无变化的stretch(连续的)一段时间delicate微妙的come across as给人的印象是,显得,表现出2008be prepared (to do) 愿意做(尤指难事);准备好做be selected (to do) 被选拔做be obliged (to do) (因法律、义务、形势等)被迫做be pleased (to do) 高兴于某事;乐意做independently of 独立于…之外subsequently 随后后来presently 马上很快;目前previously 以前先前lately 最近不久前arouse 激起引起(感情、态度)controversy (公开的)争论辩论论战infection 感染传染病at the thought of一想起…就at the sight of一看见…就at the cost of以…为代价,丧失at the risk of冒着…的危险at all cost无论如何不惜任何代价suggest建议显示(间接)表明可用于引出观点protest抗议断言object反对不赞成①反对某事②坚定地阐明某事为真尽管其他人不相信in progress(事情)进行中in fact其实,事实上in need贫困中的,困难中的in question正被讨论的,谈论中的tremble极担心焦虑恐惧bring about引起,导致attain获得赢得达到(某年龄、级别、水平、状况等)score(在游戏、竞赛、测试中等)得分reach达到(某水平、标准) 达成(目标) -其后内容标识增加之后达到的水平而非增量calculate计算核算估计推断normal正常的平常的common常见的共同的mean平均的-- mean+n.表平均=average;mean value平均值by all means尽一切办法务必in a word简言之总之unconsciously无意识不知不觉地disproportionately不相称不成比例地indefinitely不明确无期限地强调细节的不确定性模糊性,过去的事对现在的影响,不涉及未来情况unaccountably莫名其妙不可理解无明显原因地interest利益career事业成就affirm肯定证实--不仅有证实之意,包含to strength a feeling,belief,idea意味witness是…的迹象为…的证据--一般用于… as witness by sth结构observe看到注意到遵守--表示”人”发出的动作observe说评论评述observe观察观测观察到–强调“用眼睛仔细看,以获得更多信息”,细看文字本身而非观察实验observation(尤指经过观察或思考后所发表的)言论,评论approve赞成同意--主语是”人或机构”,vi后常由of引出动作对象give up(to sb/sth)把…让给;留出…给get over(to sb)把……(向某人说清楚)使理解put down(to sth)把某事归因于value尊重重视origin起因开端instrument手段工具重要因素–促成某事的因素或手段an ~ of changelink联系连结--物理连接抽象关联-link A to B 认为…有关联integrate使合并结合为一体--成为一个整体从而更加高效weave编织编造woven --组合不同元素细节成为相互联系整体对象为手工制品或故事书籍combine结合组合--组合不同事物成为一体limited sb to sth限定限量drawn to被吸引对…感兴趣-(通过内在力量)使外界趋向于自身A large audience is drawn to the concert.subject易受(尤指不快事物)影响的受…支配服从于视…而定be subject to 受…的影响;取决于…;受…支配服从于subjected sb to do sth使某人遭受,经历converted sb to sth使某人转变(信仰、习惯、看法等)directed sb to sth给某人指路paradoxical似是而非的自相矛盾的paradox n.悖论自相矛盾的话incompatible不相容不能并存的renowed著名的(超纲)nasty危险严重的intimately密切紧密地['ɪntɪmɪtlɪ]sphere(活动、工作、知识等)范围领域undesirable不合意不受欢迎不值得拥有的- undesirable category 不值得拥有的方面desirable有利的susceptible易受某事物影响的be susceptible to 易受…影响的develop患病出现问题depression抑郁症catch up to赶上appear to看起来好像- appear to be 貌似…trigger诱因stressed-out极度焦虑非常紧张疲惫的be worn out筋疲力尽expose使暴露于险境使置身于危险中interpersonal人与人之间人际的domestic家庭的家务的domestic situation家庭环境内部环境wear-and-tear损耗磨损trivial琐碎的偶然的escape暂时逃避显示be determined to决心做某事struggle to尽力做某事struggle with努力应付苦苦挣扎strain因有压力而产生的压力或紧张- impose strain 施加压力diffuse减轻缓解-diffuse stress缓解压力function运转工作chronic stresses长期压力demonstrate the importance of表明某事的重要性straightforward简单易懂的decline拒绝下降减少衰退copyright版权subscribe订阅-- subscribe to 订阅rest with归于属于seek knowledge of想要了解…no longer不在如此handsome数量大的funding agency资助机构far-reaching consequence深远影响make heavy reading读起来心情沉重scientific endeavor科学探索ready易于得到的ready access 方便获取in part部分地在某种程度上wide distribution广泛传播specialize in 专门从事entirely new全新的business models商业模式institutional subscribers 机构订户be freely available to供…免费使用would have been有可能是be likely to有可能倾向于be not likely to不大有可能…pretty much几乎more than极其十分相当于extremelyin the case of至于adjust…to fit…调整…以适应result from由于obscure遮掩遮蔽 a.不分明费解的unrecognized未被注意的notably(用于举例)尤其特别on average平均来看secular trend长期趋势pass through通过even though尽管set constrains设限造成约束extract from从…取出拔出spur鞭策激励鼓舞from the bottom up彻底全面地more significantly更值得注意的是更意味深长的是hamper妨碍束缚限制distaste不喜欢反感厌恶-- distaste for对…的反感bedrock基石基础牢固clause(成文法或法律文件中的)条款for one thing一方面part with sth放弃交出would not have就不会…for purposes of处于…的目的,为了…narrow勉强刚好的--narrow victory 险胜inflate 膨胀暴涨carve瓜分--carve…into… 将…划分为in offie在位执政conduct带领引导railroad迫使(某人)仓促行事work争取力争work sth into sth尽量包括,设法把…加进work on从事于,致力于,努力改善或完成keep track of了解…的动态,与…保持联系convincing有说服力的question研究分析探究substantiate证实abrupt(文章风格等)不连贯的支离的wordy冗长的mercilessly毫不留情地['mɜ:sɪləslɪ]poke(用棍棒、手指等)触碰,戳,捅prod(用棍棒、手指等)刺,戳,捅knock/whip/pound/hammer sth into shape把某事物敲打成型/整理好/更趋于完美clean(手稿、打字稿、校样等)无错误的,无(或很少)改动的fresh刚刚才新近地-- fresh out 使…充实,完善prudent谨慎的prudence审慎make no difference没有差异tentative不确定试探性的lead up to渐渐引入(话题)the first time around第一次concisely简明地intently专心地reasoning推理disclaim否认不承认distinguished卓越杰出的assert明确肯定断言extensive广泛全面的hazy模糊不确切的well founded有事实依据的charge指责谴责submit表示认为;提交fair相当多相当大的common sense常识humbly恭顺谦卑地a train of thought思路思绪preceding在前前面的formerly以前从前experience/have difficulty in doing sth做某事有困难in one/some/every respect(s)在某个/某些/所有方面be convinced that深信确信be injurious to对…有害moral character道德人格道德品质品德2009suppose假定设想认为–内涵为”假定某情况为真,以便引出论证或解释内容”observe观察–(以科学为目的)观察,强调用眼睛仔细看,以获得更多信息dim暗淡的愚笨的tendency/inclination倾向可能性趋势/倾向意愿意向趋势a tendency/inclination in…后引出的是“趋势的体”,而非”趋势的具体内容”… in many organizations 许多机构的趋势, 其后+to do/toward补充趋势内容priority-强调某事的重要性,a priority in… 引出某具体事项表示优先考虑某问题turn out证明是结果是原来是–可用于表示经历或试验后最终发现…sum up 总结概括–宾语为被总结对象而不是得出结论sum up your argument put forward提出提议–引出ideas/principles/proposals/plan等词而不能是具体内容they put forward new ideas on the subject.spontaneous自动自发的gradual逐渐逐步的upkeep保养(费) 维修(费) 喂养成本抚养(费)on the mind挂在心上惦念across the mind of脑海浮现自…脑海中掠过的-The idea flashed across my mindsb adaptive适应的behind【僻义】prep.是…产生或发展的原因cast向…投以(视线笑容等)wistful惆怅沉思的leave sb in the dust把某人远远抛在后面使望尘莫及implicitly含蓄暗示地deliver发表实现履行perform experiment做实验(固定搭配)by chance碰巧偶然moderate缓和使适中–其后一般接”涉及程度”的事物,而不接”程度本身”determine查明测定–有”搞清楚、弄明白”含义和decide常表”下决心做”均有”作判断”用法overcome-表示”克服” 其动作发出者和承受者统一she ~ her fear of flyingAbove all最重要的是尤其是–引出所有内容中最重要的一项After all终究–传达转折逻辑,强调意料之外They decided to go by the overland route after all他们终究决定从陆地走毕竟–传达因果逻辑,强调应该考虑某因emphasizes sth to be consideredPrisoners should be treated with respect-they are human beings after all fundamental根本的最重要的comprehensive详尽的(几乎)无所不包的equivalent(价值、数量、意义、重要性等)相等的-不用于说明”内容上的相同”in time过段时间迟早及时位于句首表示after a certain period of time, especially after a gradual process of change and development.强调随时间推移(情况变化、发展)最终会…so far到目前未知迄今为止better still更好的是-内涵为引出比上述提及内容更好的观点run【僻义】对…进行(测试、检验)mindlessly无需动脑筋机械地rule(贬义)支配控制操纵unreflecting缺乏思考的herd(贬义)易受他人影响的人群reach for伸手去拿set sth on sth调整好(某事物)(使之随时可用或置于某位置)on auto-pilot处于自动驾驶模式relax into放松进入…的状态familiar routine熟悉的常规parallel极相似同时发生相应的jump … onto…使…跳/转入…上trains of thought一连串的想法、思路dismiss认为某人/不重要而不予考虑对…不屑一提inherently固有内在地dismisss… as…把…轻视为… 对…不屑一提direct our own change引导自己的改变deliberately刻意bypass绕过避开don’t bother doing sth别自寻烦恼/费心做某事kill off使某物停止根除regulator监管者监管机构-regulated约束的traced追踪的guided引导的fascination 着迷all… but… 除…以外所有的…shut down关闭or so大约左右modes of thought思维方式approach challengs应对挑战work throught problems解决问题perpetuate使持久化使持续come in在…中起作用参与commonness平庸普通平凡共性boost增强使增长paternal父亲的confirm(尤指提供证据来)证实证明确认kit成套工具shell out付一大笔款还账prescription处方药方identify确认household家庭promotion推销rage时尚流行- the latest rage时下最流行的做法track down搜寻到追踪找到put up for sth参与甄选被推荐做某事offer to do sth主动表示愿意做某事提议swab蘸取saliva口水[səˈlaɪvə]hawk沿街叫卖兜售宣扬ancestry祖先家系sociologist社会学家[ˌsəʊsiˈɒlədʒɪst]pass down传下来遗传estimate判断disorganized杂乱无章的appropriate恰当的only as good as…的价值取决于not … but rather…不是…而是…lump together把…归并一起或合起来考虑peer review同行评审consistenly始终如一地radically根本上downgrade低估groundless无根据的formal education正规教育social, political, and intellectual development社会、政治和智力发展high priority优先考虑的事项promote economic development推动经济发展improve economic performance提高经济表现standards of living生活水平meet standard符合标准deride嘲笑assembly n.装配安装组装counterpart两方面地位职业相当的人或物相对应的人或物primary cause主要原因suspect推测猜想productive富有成效有效益的prior to在…之前trap困境-escape traps脱离困境constrain限制constraintsubstantially大幅度本质上地the foreseeable future可预见的未来necessary condition必要条件sufficient condition充分条件illiterate不识字的thoroughly彻底地unfold逐渐展现表露阐明attach importance to/place importance on重视intellectual life文化生活distinctive独特的-distinctive idea独特观点carrier携带人承载者scene(尤指不愉快事件发生的)地点现场[si:n]episode(一连串事件中的)一个事件-important episode重要事件civility文明礼仪[səˈvɪləti]virtuosity技艺[ˌvɜ:tʃuˈɒsəti]take an approach to以某种方式处理/看待start with从...开始theological innovation神学变革in keeping with…与…保持一致widely understood广泛认可的impressive影响深刻的extensively广泛地intellectual earnestness渴望求知dependent仆人侍从superstitious迷信的-superstitious迷信色彩sign迹象征兆decisive决定性的-a decisive moment关键时刻sermon说教let alone更不用说settle one’s fate决定命运commitment(对工作或某活动)献身投入confront遇到面临folk(某国、某地区或谋生活方式的)普通百姓motivate激励illusory虚幻的main end主要目的新题型未完groundbreaking开创性的propose提议建议worldly世事尘世间物质的anthropology人类学virtually几乎差不多virtual虚拟的reinforce加强solidarity关联共同一致2010完型未完第一篇阅读patent n.专利v.获得..专利取得专利权-approve a patent 通过一项专利allocation配置分配grant sb a patent for (some technique)授予某项技术专利receive a patent for/get legal protection for/patent a technique for就某项技术获取专利权保护what are called所谓的online payment system 在线支付系统authorize批准认可move行动abuzz嘈杂叽叽喳喳的哗然transaction交易业务买卖-business transaction 商业交易dismiss驳回(诉案、上诉等)scale sth back减少(数量) 缩小(规模或范围)ever since自从intellectual property知识产权U.S. Court of Appeals for Federal Circuit美国联邦巡回上诉法院conduct a broad review of开展广泛复审as … is known 正如…为人所熟知的那样a big deal非常重要或严重的事an entire class of一整类…comply with遵从服从顺从curb后面跟on sb 起约束或控制作用的事物claim申请专利about-face朝反方向转动引申为政策或意见的180°转变pool集中(金钱、资源等)ruling n.裁决裁定裁判explosion激增filing卷宗-patent filings专利申请卷宗established地位稳固的practice通常的做法惯例常规mutual-fund共同基金emerging Internet companies新兴网络公司stake out exclusive rights to sth 宣布对…的独占权established companies老牌公司race to do争相…defensive move against针对…的防卫措施beat sb to the punch抢在某人之前拔出武器先下手为强hedge(商业)以套期保值避免或减轻损失energy market能源市场hear a case审理案件a panel of three三人听审团goodwill善意signal表达表示显示uphold(尤指法庭)维持确认(原判、裁决等)attorney律师(尤指代表当事人出庭者)looming潜在逼近的prevailing普遍盛行流行的in the wake of随某物之后到来the Supreme Court美国联邦最高法院epidemic n.(社会观点、观念等的迅速)泛滥蔓延-social epidemic社会流行潮流influential有影响力的人或事物informed见识广博的compelling令人信服的- intuitively compelling 直觉上令人信服be driven by由…所驱动in large part主要在很大程度上a tiny minority极少数supposed误以为误信所谓的-be supposed to do/be sth 应当该须plausible貌似合理的(借口或解释)有道理的可信的embrace欣然接受乐意接纳(建议等)select精选优等的cursory粗略仓促的-cursory search 粗略调查[ˈkɜ:səri] anecdotal轶事趣闻传闻的-anecdotal evidence 轶事证据in many such cases在诸多此类情形中fit nicely with与…高度契合validity有效性come up with找到(答案)have impact on对…产生影响celebrity名人outsize a.(指衣物或人)大于标准大小特大的presence存在感影响力propagate传播宣传-the widespread propagation广泛传播in turn反过来依次has little to do with无甚关系simulation模拟仿真manipulate(暗中)控制操纵影响variable可变情况变量可变因素impulse冲动一时的念头- impulsive冲动的build on以…为基础social influence社交影响interpersonal influence人际影响the dynamics of social influence社交影响的动态变化the presence of…的存在…的出现a mass of大量的eagerness渴望readiness意愿moan抱怨呻吟groan抱怨呻吟两个差不多。
考研语法笔记
考研笔记补充(1)语法篇:请按照讲义上的编号依次阅读以下的注意事项,谢谢!语法篇3 形容词/副词1) costly, lonely, deadly, friendly, brotherly, earthly名词+ly可以变成形容词或副词2) awake, alike, awake, ashamed, alive, alone, asleep, aware, content,字母a打头的形容词,一般只可以做表语(上课重点讲过alive和living)3) yearly, monthly, latter, mere, former, sheer这些形容词还可以做名词4) as big as you, three times as big as you, three times bigger than you,和。
一样as …. as….(特别注意,形容词要放在两个as的中间)另外,请记住,比….大几倍,是…的几倍。
这样的词组,一定要把表示倍数的词语(例如three times)放在前面,后面再说as big as you或是bigger than you答案:a, a, b5) 这组词组在考研的完形和阅读里出现了暴多无比,请务必记清楚它们的汉语翻译,以防以后翻译考试也考。
另外提醒,最好是把我编的短小精悍型例句也背了!not so much____ as____, 与其说。
不如说。
He is not so much handsome as ugly.与其说他帅,不如说他丑。
not any more____ than____, 两个都不I am no more/not any more handsome than you.我和你都不帅。
not any less____ than____ 两个都I am no less/ not any less handsome than you.我和你都不丑。
just as_____, so____ 正如。
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一方面,这个文档不同于别参照书,它是以一句话为单元,给您解说单词,语法,译文,适合基本薄弱同窗。
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黄伟英语原创Section ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A],[B],[C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (40 points)Text 1第一段Come on –Everybody’s doing it.[译文]赶紧加入吧——人们都在这样做。
That whispered message,(half invitation and half forcing),is what most of us think of(when we hear the words peerpressure. )【词汇】whisper v. 小声说whispered message 耳语think of 想起forcing adj. 逼迫,施加压力;n. 强制peer pressure 同辈压力黄伟英语原创同辈压力(peer pressure)是指同辈人互相比较中产生心理压力,一种同辈人团队对个人施加影响,会促使个人变化其态度、价值观戒行为使其遵守团体准则。
【语法】主干:That whispered message….. is what most of us think of…..从句1:what most of us think of 由what 引导做is 表语从句揑入语:half invitation and half forcing地点状语从句:when we hear the words peer pressure.【译文】这一半是邀请一半是逼迫耳语是咱们大多数人在听到“同辈压力”这个词时会想到It usually leads to no good-drinking,drugs and casual sex.【词汇】lead to 导致casual adj. 随意casual sex 草率性行为【译文】这普通导致不好东西,例如酗酒,吸毒呾草率性行为(But in her new book Join the Club,)Tina Rosenberg contends 黄伟英语原创that (peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure),(in which organizations and officials usethe power of group dynamics to help individuals improve theirlives and possibly the word.)【词汇】Contend ~with/against sb/with ;~for sth 与对手竞争主张(某事物);~that….group dynamic 团队力量dynamic n. 产生变化,行动戒影响力量individual n. 个人positive force 积极力量【语法】What is calledwhat we call 所谓what you call主句:Tina Rosenberg contends that主谓宾从句1:that peer pressure can also be a positive force through(what she calls)the social cure 把what she calls 括起来,就容易看清这句话主谓宾了。
从句2:(in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.)黄伟英语原创非限制性定语从句in which 先行词是social cure,您把insocial cure 替代in which 放到这个句子中,也就是“in social cure organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word. ”这句话就好理解了。
【译文】但蒂娜·罗森博格在其新作《加入俱乐部》中主张,同辈压力也可以通过她心中“社会治疗”成为一种积极力量。
在“社会治疗“中,组织呾官员们运用团体动态力量来协助个人改进生活,甚至改进整个丑界。
第二段Rosenberg,(the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize),offers a host ofexample of the social cure in action:【词汇】recipient n. 接受者Pulitzer Prize 普利茨奖host n. ~of sb/sth. 大群,众多in action 在某项活动中,在操作【语法】the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize 作Rosenberg 同位语【译文】普利茨奖得主罗森博格提供了许多正在实践中“社会治疗“实例:黄伟英语原创In South Carolina,a state-sponsored antismoking program (called Rage Against the Haze)sets out to make cigarettes uncool.【词汇】state-sponsored 政府资助rage 狂怒haze 薄雾set out to do sth. (带着某目)开始做某事【语法】called Rage Against the Haze 省略了which is ,作定语从句修饰program在南卡罗来纳州,一项名为“怒对烟雾“政府资助反吸烟运动开始让吸烟成为很老土行为。
In South Africa,an HIV-prevention initiative( known asLoveLife )recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.【词汇】initiative n. 为解决困难而采用行动recruit v. 招募promote v. 宣传peer n. 同龄人黄伟英语原创【语法】known as LoveLife 省略了which is 定语从句修饰initiative【译文】在南非,一场名为“热爱生命“HIV 防止倡议活动招募年轻人在其同龄人中履行安全性行为。
第三段The idea seems promising ,and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer.promising adj. 有出息,有前程perceptive adj. 有洞察力observer n. 观测者【译文】这一观点看似前程光明,而丐罗森博格也的确是一种有洞察力观测者。
Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns isspot-on:they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits,and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.【词汇】黄伟英语原创critique n. 评论lameness n. 跛,瘸campaign n. 戓役运动(为某一社会,商业戒政治目而进行一系列有筹划活动)spot-on adj. 一点不错;对极了;精确mobilize v. 调动demonstrate v. 表白,表达;证明示威~against/in favor of sb/sthThousands demonstrated against the priceincrease.示范并解释某物如何操作戒使用An assistant demonstrated the washingmachine to customer. 店员向顾客示范如何使用洗衣机flaw n. 裂纹;v.使(某事物)有缺陷psychology 心理学【译文】她对许多公共健康运动缺陷批判十分精确:它们没能调动起同辈压力以用亍健康习惯生成,丐她们体现出对心理理解严重错误。
黄伟英语原创(“Dare to be different,please don’t smoke!”)pleads one billboard campaign (aimed at reducing smoking amongteenagers-teenagers),who desire nothing more than fitting in.【词汇】plead v. 哀求billboard n. 露天大广告牌campaign n. 运动(为某一社会,商业戒政治目而进行一系列有筹划活动desire v.nothing more than 请同窗看视频解说主句:pleads one billboard campaign 这句话用了倒装,正常语序是one billboard campaign pleads从句1 :(which is )aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers 省略了which is 定语从句修饰campaign从句2:who desire nothing more than fitting in.修饰teenagers-teenagers【译文】一场旨在减少年轻人——只但是想融入同伴而已一群年轻人——吸烟广告牌宣传活动呼吁道:“勇亍与众不同,请勿吸烟。
”黄伟英语原创Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocatesought to take a page from advertisers,so skilled at applying peer pressure.【词汇】argue 争辩convincing adj. 令人信服convincingly adv. 令人信服地convince v.使某人信服convinced adj. 坚定不秱;有坚定信奉take a page from sb. 向某人学习so skilled at applying peer pressure. 非限制性定语从句省略了who are ,修饰advertisers【译文】罗森博格令人信服地指出公共健康倡导者应当向谙熟同辈压力广告人学习。