3至6岁幼儿性别角色发展现状调查

3至6岁幼儿性别角色发展现状调查

——以上海市靖海之星幼儿园为例

摘要

两性话题一直是恒古不变的议题，对性别的不同看法会影响日常生活中两性的和谐共处以及人格的健全发展。而现阶段社会视线相对聚焦在成人对于性别的态度上，笔者认为关注3~6岁幼儿性别角色健康发展是我们关注社会两性和谐的基础。

本文采用了文献综述、问卷调查、自然观察、提问等方法，以性别角色发展中的“性别认同”、“性别稳定”、“性别坚定”三个指标出发，以“性别偏好”为辅助因素，对小、中、大班各20名幼儿进行了相关提问访谈，并对他们父母及教师的教养方式以及对幼儿性别发展的教育态度进行了调查，同时笔者也对三个参与调查年龄班幼儿的日常性别角色扮演情况进行了追踪调查，以研究现阶段3~6岁幼儿性别角色发展的现状。

研究结果表明，主要结果如下：

（1）幼儿性别角色发展存在较大的年龄特点，从小班到大班成逐渐稳定的趋势。

（2）幼儿在3岁时已经具备了基本的性别认同能力，在6岁时达到稳定。

（3）幼儿对自我性别和他人性别稳定性的判断上存在明显差异，3岁幼儿已经获得了自我性别判断，但对他人性别稳定性的判断错误率高，可能受已有经验影响，这一数值到大班也未能出现显著提高。

（4）小、中、大班儿童均已建立基本的自我性别坚定性，其性别坚定性的发展在3~5岁阶段发展缓慢，5~6岁增长较快，在6岁时趋于稳定。

（5）环境教养因素对幼儿角色稳定性的发展影响较大，性别刻板印象影响了被测儿童对调查提问的判断。

关键词：性别角色，性别角色发展，性别教养方式

Abstract

The topic of gender has always been the subject of constant ancient, gender differences will affect the daily life of the harmonious coexistence of both sexes and the sound development of personality. At present, the social line of sight is relatively focused on the attitude of adults for gender, I believe that attention to 3 to 6 years old

children's gender role of healthy development is our focus on social harmony between the basis of gender.

In this paper, the literature review, questionnaire survey, natural observation, questioning and other methods to gender roles in the development of "gender identity", "gender stability", "gender firm" three indicators to "gender preference" as a supporting factor, A total of 20 young children in small, medium and large classes were interviewed, and their parents and teachers' parenting style and the educational attitude towards the development of children's sex were investigated. At the same time, the author also investigated the daily behavior of three young children Gender role play conducted a follow-up survey to study the current stage of 3 to 6 years old children's gender role in the development of the status quo.

The results show that the main results are as follows:

(1) the development of gender roles in children there is a large age characteristics, from small classes to large classes gradually stabilized trend.

(2) children at the age of 3 already have a basic gender identity ability, at 6 years of age to achieve stability.

(3) There is a significant difference in the judgment of self-gender and other person's gender stability. 3-year-old children have obtained self-sex judgment, but the judgment error rate of others is likely to be affected by the experience. The value to the big class also failed to significantly improve.

(4) small, medium and large children have established basic self-gender firmness, the development of their gender firmness in the 3 to 5-year-old stage of development is slow, 5 to 6 years of rapid growth, at 6 years of age tends to be stable.

(5) The factors of environmental education have a great influence on the development of the role of children, and the gender stereotype affects the judgment of the children under investigation.

Keywords: gender role, gender role development, gender rearing style

一、绪论

（一）问题的提出