2012年武汉大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷.doc

2012年武汉大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(总分：102.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.The form and physiology of leaves vary according to the______in which they develop: for example, leaves display a wide range of adaptations to different degrees of light and moisture.（分数：2.00）A.relationshipB.speciesC.patternsD.environment2.One theory about intelligence sees ______as the logical structure underlying thinking and insists that since animals are mute, they must be______as well.（分数：2.00）A.behavior...inactiveB.instinct...cooperativeC.heredity... thoughtfulnguage... mindless3.By______scientific rigor with a quantitative approach, researchers in the social sciences may often have______their scope to whose narrowly circumscribed topics that are well suited to quantitative methods.（分数：2.00）A.undermining...diminishedB.equating...enlargedC.vitiating...expandedD.identifying...limited4.The new______of knowledge has created ______people: everyone believes that his or her subject cannot and possibly should not be understood by others.（分数：2.00）A.specialization...barriers betweenB.decline...associations amongplacency inD.disrepute...concern for5.Far from being______, Pat was always______to appear acquiescent.（分数：2.00）A.unctuous...loathB.brazen...reluctantC.ignoble... concernedD.obsequious... eager6.Those who fear the influence of television deliberately______its persuasive power, hoping that they might keep knowledge of its potential to effect social change from being widely disseminated.（分数：2.00）A.promoteB.underplayC.excuseud7.Because the high seriousness of their narratives resulted in part from their metaphysics, Southern writer were praised for their______bent.（分数：2.00）A.technicalB.discursiveC.hedonisticD.philosophical8.Her______should not be confused with miserliness; as long as I have known her, she has always been willing to assist those who are in need.（分数：2.00）A.intemperanceB.intoleranceC.apprehensionD.frugality9.Unfortunately,his damaging attacks on the ramification of the economic policy have been ______by his wholehearted acceptance of that policy"s underlying assumptions.（分数：2.00）A.supplementedB.underminedC.divertedD.redeemed10.In the machinelike world of classical physics, the human intellect appears______, since the mechanical nature of classical physics does not______creative reasoning, the very ability that had made the formulation of classical principle possible.（分数：2.00）A.anomalous...allow forB.abstract...speak toC.anachronistic...denyD.contradictory...exclude11.Documenting science"s______philosophy would be______, since it is almost axiomatic that many philosophers use scientific concepts as the foundations for their speculations.（分数：2.00）A.distrust of... elementaryB.influence on... superfluousC.reliance on... inappropriateD.dependence on... difficult12.The sheer diversity of tropical plants represents a seemingly______source of raw materials , of which only a few have been utilized.（分数：2.00）A.exploitedB.quantifiableC.controversialD.inexhaustible13.The state is a network of exchanged benefits and beliefs, ______between rulers and citizens based on those laws and procedures that are______to the maintenance of community.（分数：2.00）A.a compromise... inimicalB.an equivalence... pre requisiteC.a reciprocity... conduciveD.a counterpoint... incidental14.To have true disciples, a thinker must not be too______: any effective intellectual leader depends on the ability of other people to______ thought processes that did not originate with them.（分数：2.00）A.popular... dismissB.idiosyncratic... reenactC.self-confident...revitalizeD.pragmatic...discourage15.The paradoxical aspect of the myths about Demeter, when we consider the predominant image of her as a tranquil and serene goddess, is her______search for her daughter.（分数：2.00）A.extendedB.agitatedprehensiveD.motiveless16.Yellow fever, the disease that killed 4000 Philadelphians in 1793, and so______Memphis, Tennessee, that the city lost its charter, has reappeared after nearly two decades in ______the Western Hemisphere.（分数：2.00）A.decimated... abeyanceB.corrupted... quiescenceC.ravaged... secretD.terrorized... contention17.Parts of 17th century Chinese pleasure gardens were not necessarily intended to look______, they were designed expressly to evoke the agreeable melancholy resulting form asense ofthe______of natural beauty and human glory.（分数：2.00）A.beautiful...immutabilityB.cheerful... transitorinessC.colorful...abstractnessD.luxuriant...simplicity18.Since it is now______to build the complex central processing unit of a computer on a single silicon chip using photolithography and chemical etching, it seems plausible that other miniature structures might be fabricated in______ways.（分数：2.00）A.difficult...relatedB.permitted...uniqueC.mandatory... congruentD.routine... similarws do not ensure social order since laws can always be ______, which makes them______unless the authorities have the will and the power to detect and punish wrongdoing.（分数：2.00）A.contested...provisionalB.circumvented...antiquatedC.repealed... vulnerableD.violated... ineffective20.Ironically, the party leaders encountered no greater______their efforts to build a progressive party than the______of the progressives already elected to the legislature.（分数：2.00）A.benefit from... successB.support for... advocacyC.obstacle to...resistanceD.threat to...promise二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Traditional research has confronted only Mexican and United States interpretations of Mexican-American culture. Now we must also examine the culture as we Mexican Americans have experi-enced it, passing from a sovereign people compatriots with newly arriving settlers to, finally a conquered people—a charter minority on our own land. When the Spanish first came to Mexico, they intermarried with and absorbed the culture of the indigenous Indians. This policy of colonization through acculturation was continued when Mexico acquired Texas in the early 1800" s and brought the indigenous Indians into Mexican life and government. In the 1820" s United State citizens migrated to Texas, attracted by land suitable for cotton. As their numbers became more substantial, their policy of acquiring land by subduing native populations began to dominate. The two ideologies clashed repeatedly, culmination in a military conflict that led to victory for the United States. Thus, suddenly derived of our parent culture, we had to evolve uniquely Mexican-Mexican modes of thought and action in order to survive.（分数：8.00）(1).The author"s purpose in writing this passage is primarily to______.（分数：2.00）A.suggest the motives behind Mexican and United States intervention in TexasB.bring to light previously overlooked research on Mexican AmericansC.provide a historical perspective for a new analysis of Mexican-American cultureD.document certain early objectives of Mexican-American society(2).The author most probably uses the phrase "charter minority" to reinforce the idea the Mexican Americans______.（分数：2.00）A.are a native rather than an immigrant group in the United StatesB.played an active political role when Texas first became part of the United StatesC.have been misunderstood by scholars trying to interpret their cultureD.identify more closely with their Indian heritage than with their Spanish heritage(3).According to the passage, a major difference between the colonization policy of the United States and that of Mexico in Texas in the 1800" s was the______.（分数：2.00）A.degree to which policies were based on traditionB.form of economic interdependency between different cultural groupsC.treatment of the native inhabitantsD.relationship between the military and the settlers(4).Which of the following statements most clearly contradicts the information in this passage?（分数：2.00）A.While Texas was under Mexican control, the population of Texas quadrupled, in spite of the fact the Mexico discouraged immigration from the United States.B.Most Indians living in Texas resisted Spanish acculturation and were either killed or enslaved.C.By the time Mexico acquired Texas, many Indians had already married people of Spanish Heritage.D.Many Mexicans living in Texas returned to Mexico after Texas was annexed by the United States. Auctions are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer. He asked the crowed assembled in the auction-room to make offers, or "bids" , for the various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid higher figures and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of thegoods. This is called "knocking down" the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a table at which he stands. This is often set on a raised platform called a rostrum. The ancient Romans probably invented sales by auction, and the English word comes from the Latin Autcio, meaning "increase. " The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war; these sales were called subhasta, meaning " under the spear," a spear being stuck in the ground as a signal for a crowd to gather, In English in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, goods were often sold "by the candle" ; a short candle was lit by the auctioneer, and bids could be made while it stayed alight. Practically all goods whose qualities vary are sold by auction. Among these are coffee, hides, skins, wool, tea, cocoa, furs, spices, frit and vegetables and wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and property, antique furniture, pictures, rare books, old china and similar works of art. The auction-rooms as Christie"s and Sotheby"s in London and New York are world-famous. An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to be sold and where and when they can be viewed by prospective buyers. If the advertisement cannot give full details , catalogues are printed, and each group of goods to be sold together, called a " lot," is usually given a number. The auctioneer need not begin with Lot I and continue in numerical order; he may wait until he registers the fact that certain dealers are in the room and then produce the lots they are likely to be interested in. The auctioneer"s services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The auctioneer therefore has a direct interest in pushing up the bidding as high as possible.（分数：8.00）(1).Why is the end of the bidding called "knocking down"?（分数：2.00）A.Because the auctioneer knocks the buyer down.B.Because the auctioneer knocks the rostrum down.C.Because the goods are knocked down on the table.D.Because the auctioneer bans the table with a hammer.(2).The Romans used to sell______by auction.（分数：2.00）A.spoilt goodsB.old-worn weaponsC.property taken from the enemyD.spears(3).A candle used to burn at auction sales______.（分数：2.00）A.because they took place at nightB.as a signal for the crowd to gatherC.to keep the auctioneer warmD.to limit the time when offers could be made(4).The auctioneer may decide to sell the "lots" out of the order because______.（分数：2.00）A.he sometimes wants to confuse the buyersB.he knows from experience that certain people will want to buy certain itemsC.he wants to keep certain people waitingD.he wants to reduce the number of buyersWhen we consider great painters of the past, the study of art and the study of illusion cannot always be separated. By illusion I mean those contrivances of color, line, shape, and forth that lead us to see marks on a flat surface as depicting three-dimensional objects in space. I must emphasize that 1 am not making a plea, disguised or otherwise, for the exercise of illusionist tricks in painting today, although I am, in fact rather critical of certain theories ofnon-representational art. But to argue over these theories would be to miss the point. That the discoveries and effects of representation that were the pride of earlier artists have become trivial today I would not deny for a moment. Yet I believe that we are in real danger of losing contact with past masters if we accept the fashionable doctrine that such matters never had anything to do with art. The very reason why the representation of nature can now be considered something commonplace should be of the greatest interest to art historians. Never before has there been an age when the visual image was so cheap in every sense of the word. We are surrounded and assailed by posters and advertisements, comics and magazine illustrations. We see aspects of reality represented on television, postage stamps, and food packages. Painting is taught in school and practiced as a pastime, and many modest amateurs have mastered tricks that would have looked like sheer magic to the 14" century painter Giotto. Even the crude colored renderings on a cereal box might have made Giotto"s contemporaries gasp. Perhaps there are people who concluded from this that the cereal box is superior to a Giotto; I do not. But I think that the victory and vulgarization of representational skills create a problem for both art historians and critics. In this connection it is instructive to remember the Greek saying that to marvel is the beginning of knowledge and if we cease to marvel we may be in danger of ceasing to know. I believe we must restore our sense of wonder at the capacity to conjure up by forms, lines, shades, or colors those mysterious phantoms of visual reality we call "pictures. " Even comics and advertisements , rightly viewed, provide food for thought. Just as the study of poetry remains incomplete without an awareness of the language of prose, so, I believe, the study of art will be increasingly supplemented by inquiry into the "linguistics" of the visual image. The way the language of art refers to the visible world is both so obvious and so mysterious that it is still largely unknown except to artists who use it as we use all language—without needing to know its grammar and semantics.（分数：14.00）(1).The author of the passage explicitly, disagrees with which of the following statements?（分数：2.00）A.In modern society even non-artists can master techniques that great artists of the 14" century did not employ.B.The ability to represent a three-dimensional object on a flat surface has nothing to do with art.C.In modern society the victory of representational skills has created a problem for art critics.D.The way that artists are able to represent the visible world is an area that needs a great deal more study before it can be fully understood.(2).The author suggests which of the following about art historians?（分数：2.00）A.They do not believe that illusionist tricks have become trivial.B.They generally spend little time studying contemporary artists.C.They have not given enough consideration to how the representation of nature has become commonplace.D.They generally tend to argue about theories rather than address substantive issues.(3).Which of the following best states that author"s attitude toward comics, as expressed in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.They constitute an innovative art from.B.They can be a worthwhile subject for study.C.They are critically important to an understanding of modern art.D.Their visual structure is more complex than that of medieval art.(4).The author"s statement regarding how artists use the languages of art implies that______.（分数：2.00）A.artists are better equipped than art historians to provide detailed evaluations of other artist"s workB.many artists have an unusually quick, intuitive understanding of languageC.artists can produce works of art even if they cannot analyze their methods of doing soD.artists of the past, such as Giotto, were better educated about artistic issues than were artists of the author"s time(5).The passage asserts which of the following about commercial art?（分数：2.00）A.There are many examples of commercial art whose artistic merit is equal to that of great works of art of the past.mercial art is heavily influenced by whatever doctrines are fashionable in the serious art world of the lime.C.The line between commercial art and great art lies primarily in how an image is used, not in the motivation for its creation.D.The pervasiveness of contemporary commercial art has led art historians to undervalue representational skills.(6).Which of the following can be inferred from the passage, about the adherents of "certain theories of nonrepresentational art"?（分数：2.00）A.They consider the use of illusion to be inappropriate in contemporary art.B.They do not agree the marks on a flat surface can ever satisfactorily convey the illusion of three-dimensional space.C.They do not discuss important works of art created in the past.D.They do not think that the representation of nature was ever the primary goal of past painters.(7).It can be inferred from the passage that someone who wanted to analyze the "grammar and semantics" of the language of art would most appropriately comment on which of the following?（分数：2.00）A.The relationship between the drawing in a comic strip and the accompanying text.B.The amount of detail that can be included in a tiny illustration on a postage stamp.C.The sociological implications of the images chosen to advertise a particular product.D.The particular juxtaposition of shapes in an illustration that makes one shape look as though it were behind another.Much has been written about poverty but none of the accounts seem to get at the root of the problem. It must be noted that the weakening effects of poverty are not only the result of lack of money but are also the result of powerlessness. The poor are subject to their social situation instead of being able to affect it through action, that is, though behavior that flows from an individual"s decisions and plans; in other words, when social scientists have reported on the psychological consequences of poverty, it seems reasonable to believe that they have described the psychological consequences of powerlessness. The solution to poverty most frequently suggested is to help the poor secure more money without otherwise changing the present power relationship. This appears to implement the idea of equality while avoiding any unnecessary threat to the established centers of power. But since the consequences of poverty are related to powerlessness, not absolute supple of money available to the poor, and since the amount of power purchasable with a given supple of money decreases ads a society acquired a large supply of goods and services, the solution of raising the incomes of the poor is likely, unless accomplished by other measures, to be ineffective in a wealthy society. In order to reduce poverty-related psychological and social problems in the United States, the major community will have to change its relationship to neighborhoods of poverty in such fashion that families in the neighborhoods have a greater interest in the broader society and can more successfully participated in the decision-making process of the surrounding community. Social action to help the poor should have the following characteristics; The poor should see themselves as the source of the action; the action should affect in major ways the preconceptions of institutions and persons who define the poor; the action should demand much in effect of skill; the action should be successful and the successful self-originated important action should increase the feeling of potential worth and individual power of individuals who are poor. The only initial resource which a community should provide to neighborhoods of poverty should be on a temporary basis and should consist of organizers who will enable the neighborhoods quickly to create powerful, independent, democratic organizations of the poor. Through such organizations, the poor will then negotiate with the outsiders for resources and opportunities without having to submit to concurrent control from outside.（分数：10.00）(1).By "powerlessness" the author most probably means that the poor are not in a condition to 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(2).The author expresses his opinion in the first paragraph that it is no sue raising the income of the poor while not 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(3).The primary role of the major community in helping the neighborhoods of poverty is to1organizations.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(4).What does the word "concurrent" most probably mean? 1（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(5).The author"s main purpose in writing this passage is to propose a way that the poor can be 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________三、Writing(总题数：1，分数：2.00)21.400 words are required to write a composition on the following topic:Discuss the possibility or impossibility of the transfer of knowledge and skill of one profession to another.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 四、Proofreading(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Gifts giving is according to different cultures. Today let"s see business gifts 1giving in the U. K. Giving gifts is a normal part of British business culture. 2indeed, British businesscolleagues are quite likely to feel embarrassing to 3receive any gift at all. The only duty may be at the conclusion of a deal 4when it might be appropriate to give a unique commemorative item to have 5the occasion. Small gifts such as inscribed pens or books, would suitable 6tokens of genuine gratitude, and flowers or wine or champagne suffice to thank junior colleaguesfor their services. Do not, however, appear patronizing or undue forward, 7especially if the recipient is a woman. Alternatively it will often be appreciated if you invite your hosts, or others you wish to think, out for a meal or to the theater or opera. 8Business gifts are never exchanged at Christmas but it may be appropriate to send a card, particularly as an express of thanks to your business associates but also 9as means of maintaining valuable contacts. Bear in mind the that U. K postal service was founded at about the same time as the old railway, so much that your cards are mailed 10in good time.（分数：20.00）填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________。