高中英语语法情态动词专题(精辟)

考点识别：情态动词为必修三的语法点，从近几年的高考情况看，对情态动词的考查为高考重点项目之一，高考的热点依次为：推测和能力，必要性，请求建议命令，所以要求考生准确把握情态动词的意义和用法。

一、表推测

词形肯定否定

must 必然；一定—

should 按说应该应该不会

ought to 按说应该应该不会

can/could 可能/微弱的可能不可能

may/might 也许/微弱的可能可能不会

技巧：做到情态动词表示推测的题，一定要把题目读完，根据题目所提供的信息判断填空部分所需要的语气。

e.g. He must be the wanted man, for he’s exactly like this picture.

（因为他和照片很像，能够判断出语气是很肯定的）

(2011 北京，24)—I don’t really like James. Why did you invite him?

—Don’t worry. He come. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were.

A. must not

B. need not

C. would not

D. might not

二、表能力

can:表示现在的能力

could：表示过去的能力

be able to will be able to: 将来的能力

was/were able to：过去有能力并且成功地做了某事

技巧：这三个词不易混淆，所以做此类题时，一般通过翻译就能选出答案。但是要注意题目的时态。

e.g. (2010全国II, 17) I’m afraid Mr. Harding A see you now. He is busy.

A. can’t

B. mustn’t

C. shouldn’t

D. needn’t

不能

(2011 四川，20) The police still haven’t found the lost child, but they’re doing all they A .

A. can

B. may

C. must

D. should

三、表必要性

must: 一定，必须mustn’t: 不准，强行禁止

have to: 不得不don’t have to: 不必

need: 需要needn’t: 不需要

e.g. (2011 上海，28) I D worry about my weekend—I always have my plans ready before it comes.

A. can’t

B. mustn’t

C. daren’t

D. needn’t不需要

四、表请求、建议、命令、允许、禁止

1.表示请求、建议：用于一、三人称，表示征求对方意见。

may/might：表示允许、请求。

will/would：用于第二人称，表示请求或建议。

e.g. Shall the driver wait outside?司机在外边等着可以吗？

2.表示命令、允诺must 必须mustn’t 禁止；不准

should/ought to 应该shouldn’t/oughtn’t to 不应该(易错点) shall:常与二、三人称连用，表命令、警告、威胁、允诺。

will:表示意愿、决心。

e.g.（2011 陕西卷）——Will you read me a story, Mummy?

——OK. You _D_ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.

A. might

B. must

C. could

D. shall（允诺）

情态动词+ have done

一般考试时，常与虚拟语气连用来作为考点。翻译该句型时，加个“本”字即可。

情态动词+ have done 用法例句

must have done 一定/准是/想必做了It must have rained last night, for

the road is quite muddy.

can/could have done 本来能够做Can he have gone to his aunt’s

home?

cannot/couldn’t have done 过去不可能做了He cannot have forgotten the

accident.

may/might have done 也许/或许已经做了It’s too late. I think he may have

gone to bed.

should/ought to have done 本该做而实际上未做You ought to have done this

exercise more carefully.

shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done 本不该做而实际上做

了

You shouldn’t have told her the

truth.

needn’t have done 本不必做而做了You needn’t have taken a taxi here,

because it was very near to my