基于matlab哈哈镜制作

计算机视觉课程设计实验报告一、题目：哈哈镜的制作三、实验目的：1、掌握几何变换的原理。

2、读入待制作的图片，实现图片的缩小放大、水平外凹、水平外凸、梯形变形、三角形，S 形和波浪型。

四、实验原理：变形处理整体都是一个思路，把原图每一行经过缩放拷到新图的相应行。

每次变形都是在原图的基础上，根据想要变换的图象形状，计算出每一行的起始位，再计算出每一行新的总长度。

1）对于放大、缩小可以根据最近邻插值或者双线性插值来进行变化，放大我们采用了双线性方法，缩小采用了最近邻插值方法。

2）对于水平内凹和水平外凸，以周期为2倍高度的正弦函数来进行变化，变化后远图象的高度坐标不变，宽度坐标以一定比例变化。

3）对于三角形和梯形，原图象高度坐标不变，宽度坐标以线性来进行变化。

4）对于宽度不变的变形，如波浪形，直接一次变形拷贝一整行。

对于高度不变的图形，如S形，也可以用这个方法，或者说是把起始点确定后，将坐标点进行平移。

5）除放大效果外，缩小、水平外凹、水平外凸、梯形变形、三角形，S形和波浪型均采用最近邻插值方法进行变化。

五、实验步骤（附程序主代码）：1、打开图象clear;clc; %清空工作空间[filename,pathname]=uigetfile({'*.*','All Files(*.*)'});file=fullfile(pathname,filename);t1=imread(file);t2=rgb2gray(t1); %将打开的彩色图像转换为灰度图imshow(t2)save temp t2;2、缩小load temp t2 %加载打开的图片[m,n]=size(t2);x2=double(t2);for i=1:mfor j=1:nw=round(i*0.5); %宽度缩小为原来一半h=round(j*0.5); %高度缩小为原来一半x3(w,h)=x2(i,j); %最近邻插值，象素值赋给新的图象endendfigure,imshow(mat2gray(x3))3、放大x3=zeros(fix(m*2),fix(n*2)); %开辟空间for i=2:fix((m-1)*2)for j=2:fix((n-1)*2)p=fix(i/2);q=fix(j/2);x3(i,j)=[x2(p+1,q)-x2(p,q)]*(i/2-fix(i/2))+[x2(p,q+1)-x2(p,q)]*(j/2-fix(j/2))+[x2(p+1,q+1)+x2(p,q)-x2(p,q+1)-x2(p+1,q)]*(i/2-fix(i/2))*(j/2-fix(j/2))+x2(p,q); %双线性插值endend4、水平内凹t3(m,n)=0; %开辟新图象空间for i = 1:ma = (2*pi/m)*i; %i转化为弧度形式p=round(abs(30*sin(a/2))+0.5);q=round(-abs(30*sin(a/2))-0.5); % 正弦函数变换，周期为2Mfor j=p:q+nx=i; %变化后高度坐标不变y=round((j-p)*n/((q+n-p+1))); %宽度坐标以(j-p)*n/((q+n-p+1)))比例变化 if (x>0&&x<=m) &&(y>0&&y<=n)t3(i,j)=t2(x,y);elset3(i,j)=255;endendend5、水平外凸a=round(sin(pi/2));t3(m,n+2*a)=0;grade=50;for i =1:mb =2*pi/m*i; %i转化为弧度形式j1=round(abs(sin(2*pi-b/2)*grade+grade)+0.5);j2=round(sin(b/2)*grade-grade-0.5); % 正弦函数变换，周期为2Mfor j=j1:j2+nx=i; %变化后高度坐标不变y=round((j-j1)*n/((j2+n-j1+1))); %宽度坐标以(j-j1)*n/((j2+n-j1+1))比例变化 if (x>0&&x<=m) &&(y>0&&y<=n)t3(i,j)=t2(x,y);elset3(i,j)=255;endendend6、梯形prompt={'please input p:'};title='请输入上底缩放比例:';lines=1;def={'0.5'}; %默认上底缩放比例值p=inputdlg(prompt,title,lines,def); %对话框输入上底缩放比例 p=str2double(p);prompt={'please input q:'};title='请输入下底缩放比例:';lines=1;def={'0.8'}; %默认下底缩放比例值q=inputdlg(prompt,title,lines,def); %对话框输入下底缩放比例 q=str2double(q);n1=round(n*p+0.5);n2=round(n*q+0.5);sd=min(n1,n2); %短底xd=max(n1,n2); %长底t3 = zeros(m,xd);bi=abs(n2-n1)/2/m;%斜率for i = 1:mif n1<n2a=round((m-i+1)*bi+0.5);%缩进长度newx=sd+2*i*bi;%变化后的下底的长度elsea=round((i-1)*bi+0.5);newx=xd-2*i*bi;%变化后的下底的长度endfor j=a:a+round(newx+0.5)x=i;y=round((j-a)*n/newx);if (x>0&&x<=m) &&(y>0&&y<=n)t3(i,j)=t2(x,y);elset3(i,j)=255;endendend7、三角形t3(m,n)=0;for i=1:mfor j=1:round(i*n/m)x=i; %高度坐标不变y=round((m/x)*j); %宽度坐标以(m/x)*j比例变化if (x>0&&x<=m) &&(y>0&&y<=n)t3(i,j)=t2(x,y);elset3(i,j)=255;endendend8、S 形b=round(30*sin(pi/2));a=n+2*b;t3(m,a)=0;for i=1:mfor j=1:nx=i;y1=round(30*sin(i*2*pi/(n-1))); %宽度坐标移动距离 y=j+y1; %变化后新旧坐标的关系if y<at3(x,y+30) =t2(i,j) ;elset3(i,j)=255;endendend9、波浪形b=round(30*sin(pi/2));a=m+2\b;t3(a,n)=0;for i=1:mfor j=1:ny=j;x1=round(30*sin(j*2*pi/(n-1))); %高度坐标移动距离 x=i+x1; %变化后新旧坐标的关系if y<at3(x+30,y) =t2(i,j) ; %坐标平移elset3(i,j)=255;endendend六、实验结果图：1、原图2、缩小（缩小为原来的1/4）3、放大（放大为原图的4倍）4、水平内凹5、水平外凸（内凹幅度为30）（外凸幅度为50）6、梯形7、三角形（上底缩放比例为0.5，下底缩放比例为0.8）8、S形9、波浪形（变化幅度为30）（变化幅度为30）七、心得体会：1、通过课程设计，对采用MATLAB对图象进行几何变化的原理与方法有了更深的理解。

2、熟练应用最近邻插值与双线性插值方法，采用最近邻方法对图象进行放大时会出现网格现象，因此采用双线性插值方法，由于图片较大，放大效果未能很好实现。

3、在分析新旧坐标关系时，对各点在变化后在图象中的新点坐标的关系有了更进一步的认识。

在编程过程中，由于分析得体，坐标关系找得准确，这也是编程过程较为顺利的关键所在。

4、对于各种变化，在新旧坐标的对应关系上，要注意坐标范围，以免溢出。

5、在两边界变化不同时，要注意整体考虑，以免出现图象断层或者重叠现象。

6、遗憾的是，由于一些细节问题，而且时间紧迫，可能未能完全达到老师要求的最理想效果。

function varargout = untitled1(varargin)% UNTITLED1 M-file for untitled1.fig% UNTITLED1, by itself, creates a new UNTITLED1 or raises the existing% singleton*.%% H = UNTITLED1 returns the handle to a new UNTITLED1 or the handle to% the existing singleton*.%% UNTITLED1('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local% function named CALLBACK in UNTITLED1.M with the given input arguments. %% UNTITLED1('Property','Value',...) creates a new UNTITLED1 or raises the % existing singleton*. Starting from the left, property value pairs are % applied to the GUI before untitled1_OpeningFunction gets called. An% unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application % stop. All inputs are passed to untitled1_OpeningFcn via varargin.%% *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu. Choose "GUI allows only one% instance to run (singleton)".%% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES% Edit the above text to modify the response to help untitled1% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 01-Feb-2007 11:12:10% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDITgui_Singleton = 1;gui_State = struct('gui_Name', mfilename, ...'gui_Singleton', gui_Singleton, ...'gui_OpeningFcn', @untitled1_OpeningFcn, ...'gui_OutputFcn', @untitled1_OutputFcn, ...'gui_LayoutFcn', [] , ...'gui_Callback', []);if nargin & isstr(varargin{1})gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});endif nargout[varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:}); elsegui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});end% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT% --- Executes just before untitled1 is made visible.function untitled1_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin) % This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.% hObject handle to figure% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% varargin command line arguments to untitled1 (see VARARGIN)% Choose default command line output for untitled1handles.output = hObject;% Update handles structureguidata(hObject, handles);% UIWAIT makes untitled1 wait for user response (see UIRESUME)% uiwait(handles.figure1);% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line. function varargout = untitled1_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)% varargout cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);% hObject handle to figure% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% Get default command line output from handles structurevarargout{1} = handles.output;% -------------------------------------------------------------------- function Untitled_1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Untitled_1 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% -------------------------------------------------------------------- function Untitled_2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Untitled_2 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)%打开clear;clc;[filename,pathname]=uigetfile({'*.*','All Files(*.*)'});file=fullfile(pathname,filename);t1=imread(file);t2=rgb2gray(t1); %将打开的彩色图像转换为灰度图%subplot(2,2,1);imshow(t2)save temp t2;%''*.bmp','*.tif',% --------------------------------------------------------------------% -------------------------------------------------------------------- function Untitled_5_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Untitled_5 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% -------------------------------------------------------------------- function Untitled_6_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Untitled_6 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)%缩小load temp t2[m,n]=size(t2);x2=double(t2);for i=1:mfor j=1:nbw(i,j)=x2(i,j)+1;endendfor i=1:mfor j=1:nw=round(i*0.5);h=round(j*0.5);x3(w,h)=bw(i,j);endendfigure,imshow(mat2gray(x3))% --------------------------------------------------------------------function Untitled_7_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Untitled_7 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)%放大load temp t2;[m,n]=size(t2);x2=double(t2);x3=zeros(fix(m*2),fix(n*2));for i=2:fix((m-1)*2)for j=2:fix((n-1)*2)p=fix(i/2);q=fix(j/2);x3(i,j)=[x2(p+1,q)-x2(p,q)]*(i/2-fix(i/2))+[x2(p,q+1)-x2(p,q)]*(j/2-fix(j/2))+[ x2(p+1,q+1)+x2(p,q)-x2(p,q+1)-x2(p+1,q)]*(i/2-fix(i/2))*(j/2-fix(j/2))+x2(p,q); endendfigure,imshow(mat2gray(x3))% --------------------------------------------------------------------function Untitled_8_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Untitled_8 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)%水平外凸load temp t2;[m,n]=size(t2);a=round(sin(pi/2));t3(m,n+2*a)=0;grade=50;for i =1:mb =2*pi/m*i; %i转化为弧度形式j1=round(abs(sin(2*pi-b/2)*grade+grade)+0.5);j2=round(sin(b/2)*grade-grade-0.5); % 正弦函数变换，周期为2Mfor j=j1:j2+nx=i; %变化后高度坐标不变y=round((j-j1)*n/((j2+n-j1+1))); %宽度坐标以(j-j1)*n/((j2+n-j1+1))比例变化 if (x>0&&x<=m) &&(y>0&&y<=n)t3(i,j)=t2(x,y);elset3(i,j)=255;endendendfigure,imshow(mat2gray(t3));% --------------------------------------------------------------------function Untitled_10_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Untitled_10 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% 水平内凹load temp t2;[m,n]=size(t2);t3(m,n)=0; %开辟新图象空间for i = 1:ma = (2*pi/m)*i; %i转化为弧度形式p=round(abs(30*sin(a/2))+0.5);q=round(-abs(30*sin(a/2))-0.5); % 正弦函数变换，周期为2Mfor j=p:q+nx=i; %变化后高度坐标不变y=round((j-p)*n/((q+n-p+1))); %宽度坐标以(j-p)*n/((q+n-p+1)))比例变化 if (x>0&&x<=m) &&(y>0&&y<=n)t3(i,j)=t2(x,y);elset3(i,j)=255;endendendfigure,imshow(mat2gray(t3));% -------------------------------------------------------------------- function Untitled_11_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Untitled_11 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)%梯形load temp t2;t2=double(t2);[m,n]=size(t2);prompt={'please input p:'};title='请输入上底缩放比例:';lines=1;def={'0.5'};p=inputdlg(prompt,title,lines,def);p=str2double(p);prompt={'please input q:'};title='请输入下底缩放比例:';lines=1;def={'0.8'};q=inputdlg(prompt,title,lines,def);q=str2double(q);n1=round(n*p+0.5);n2=round(n*q+0.5);sd=min(n1,n2); %短底xd=max(n1,n2); %长底t3 = zeros(m,xd);bi=abs(n2-n1)/2/m;%斜率for i = 1:mif n1<n2a=round((m-i+1)*bi+0.5);%缩进长度newx=sd+2*i*bi;%变化后的下底的长度elsea=round((i-1)*bi+0.5);newx=xd-2*i*bi;%变化后的下底的长度endfor j=a:a+round(newx+0.5)x=i;y=round((j-a)*n/newx);if (x>0&&x<=m) &&(y>0&&y<=n)t3(i,j)=t2(x,y);elset3(i,j)=255;endendendfigure,imshow(mat2gray(t3));% -------------------------------------------------------------------- function Untitled_9_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Untitled_9 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)close;% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties. function figure1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to figure1 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called % --------------------------------------------------------------------function Untitled_12_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Untitled_12 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% -------------------------------------------------------------------- function Untitled_13_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Untitled_13 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)load temp t2[m,n]=size(t2);b=round(30*sin(pi/2));a=n+2*b;t3(m,a)=0;for i=1:mfor j=1:nx=i;y1=round(30*sin(i*2*pi/(n-1))); %宽度坐标移动距离y=j+y1; %变化后新旧坐标的关系if y<at3(x,y+30) =t2(i,j) ;elset3(i,j)=255;endendendfigure,imshow(mat2gray(t3));% -------------------------------------------------------------------- function Untitled_14_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Untitled_14 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)%function wavewarp();% 水波型load temp t2[m,n]=size(t2);t2=double(t2);t3(m,n)=0;for i=1:mfor j=1:nx=round(i+sin(j/2));y=round(j+sin(i/2));if (x>0&&x<=m) &&(y>0&&y<=n)t3(i,j)=t2(x,y);elset3(i,j)=0;endendendfigure,imshow(mat2gray(t3));% -------------------------------------------------------------------- function Untitled_15_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Untitled_15 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% --- Executes on mouse press over figure background, over a disabled or % --- inactive control, or over an axes background.function figure1_WindowButtonDownFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to figure1 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% -------------------------------------------------------------------- function Untitled_16_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Untitled_16 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% 波浪型load temp t2[m,n]=size(t2);b=round(30*sin(pi/2));a=m+2\b;t3(a,n)=0;for i=1:mfor j=1:ny=j;x1=round(30*sin(j*2*pi/(n-1))); %高度坐标移动距离x=i+x1; %变化后新旧坐标的关系if y<at3(x+30,y) =t2(i,j) ; %坐标平移elset3(i,j)=255;endendendfigure,imshow(mat2gray(t3));% -------------------------------------------------------------------- function Untitled_17_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Untitled_17 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% 三角形load temp t2;[m,n]=size(t2);t3(m,n)=0;for i=1:mfor j=1:round(i*n/m)x=i; %高度坐标不变y=round((m/x)*j); %宽度坐标以(m/x)*j比例变化if (x>0&&x<=m) &&(y>0&&y<=n)t3(i,j)=t2(x,y);elset3(i,j)=255;endendendfigure,imshow(mat2gray(t3));% -------------------------------------------------------------------- function figure1_WindowButtonMotionFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to figure1 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% -------------------------------------------------------------------- function Untitled_18_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Untitled_18 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% --- Executes on mouse press over figure background.function figure1_ButtonDownFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to figure1 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)。