初高中知识衔接：句子成分

初高中知识衔接：句子成分& 五种简单基本句型

温馨提示：高中教材中，无论是要点讲解，书面表达，还是从句学习都会涉及句子成分，任何一个句子都需要严格的语法结构来组成，否则就会出现错误的句子,读不懂句子或则在作文中丢分。因此，在进入高中学习之前，同学们一定要掌握句子成分。

•S: Subject 主语；V: Verb 动词（谓语）；

•O: Object 宾语；P: Predicative 表语；

•OC: Object Complement 宾语补足语；

•InO: Indirect Object 间接宾语；DO：Direct Object 直接宾语

一．句子成分

a. 主语（subject）：

请画出下列句子的主语并思考由什么充当的主语：

1. The sun rises in the east.

2. He likes dancing.

3. Twenty years is a short time in history.

4. Seeing is believing.

5. To see is to believe.

6. What he needs is a book.

7. It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.

总结：从以上7个句子我们可以知道，一个句子的主语可以由________ ___________

充当。

b.谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的

请画出下列句子的谓语

We study English.

I sleep.

He is asleep.

c. . 表语（predicative）:

常见系动词: be, sound（听）, look（看）, feel(摸)，smell（闻）, taste（吃）, remain，keep, stay（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）,变得（become, turn, go, get）,seem(似乎)，appear(好像)...

e.g: 1.It sounds a good idea. 2.The boy looks smart.

3.The food smells delicious.

4.The food tastes good.

5.The door remains open.

6.Now I feel tired.

7. The shop stays open until 12. 8. The food went bad.

9. The room became dirty. 10. He keeps silent all day.

请画出下列句子的表语：

1. He is a teacher.

2. He is kind.

3. His father is away.

4. The picture is on the wall.

归纳总结：一个句子的表语可以有__________ _________ ________ __________ 等充当。

d. 宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾（动词后）/介宾（介词后的名词，代词，动名词）/双

宾

请画出下列句子的宾语：

1. I like China.

2. He hates you.

3. How many do you need? We need two.

4. I enjoy working with you.

5. I hope to see you again.

6. Did you write down what he said?

2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾

1.Are you afraid of the snake?

2.Under the snow, there are many rocks.

3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）

1．He gave me a book yesterday.

2. Give the poor man some money.

归纳总结：一个句子的宾语可以有__________ _________ ________ __________ ___________ __________充当。

e. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。

请先画出下列句子主语，谓语，宾语，然后找出宾补

1. We elected him monitor.

2. I wish her happy.

3. She allows me to come in.

4. Don’t let him do that.

5. She kept me waiting.

6. I heard a song sung.

归纳总结：一个句子的宾补可以有__________ _________ ________ __________ ___________ __________充当。

二、句子的基本句型结构:

由主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等句子成分，按不同方式可组合成五种基本句型：

英语五种基本句型列式如下：

1. ＳＶ（主＋谓）______________________________

2. ＳＶＰ（主＋谓＋表）___________________________

3. ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）____________________________

4. ＳＶ InＯ DＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）______________________

5. ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）_________________________

请分析下列句子分别属于哪一种句型并把番号填在横线上：

a. I have a lot of friends here.

b. Tom lent me 200 dollars.

c. Now I feel tire

d. d. He is an honest student.

e. The silk feels soft.

f. The food smells delicious.

g. The machine doesn’t work.h. Birds fly.

i. we are walking on the playground. j. I saw him writing a letter.