欧洲入门文化试题及答案
《欧洲文化入门》练习及参考答案
欧洲文化入门各章练习及答案第一章填空题：1. The richness of European Culture was created by ________element and _________element. Greco-Roman Judeo-Christian2. The Homer’s epics consisted of_________. Iliad and Odyssey3. ________ is the first writer of “problem plays”. Euripides4. __________ is called “Father of History”. Herodotus5. ________is the greatest historian that ever lived. Thucydides6. The dividing range in the Roman history refers to ________. 27 B.C.7. “I came, I saw, I conquered.” is a famous saying by _______. Julius Caesar8. The representation form of Greek Democracy is __________. citizen-assembly.判断题1. Euclid says “Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world”. (×) Archimedes2. Herodotus’s historical writing is on the war between Anthens and Sparta. (×) Greeks and Persians名词解释：1. Pax Romana答：In the Roman history ,there came two hundred years of peaceful time, which was guaranteed by the Roman legions, it was known as Pax Romana2. “Democracy” in ancient Greece答： 1）Democracy means “exercise of power by the whole people”, but in Greece by “the whole people” the Greeks mea nt only the adult male citizens.2） Women, children, foreigners and slaves were excluded from Democracy.论述题：1. How did the Greek Culture originate and develop?1) Probably around 1200 B.C., a war was fought between Greece and troy. This is the war that Homer refers to in his epics.2) Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B.C.A. The successful repulse of the Persian invasion early in the 5th century.B. The establishment of democracy.C. The flourishing of science, philosophy, literature, art and historical writingin Athens.3)The 5th century closed with civil war between Athens and Sparta.4) In the second half of the 4th century B.C., Greece was conquered by Alexander, king of Macedon. Whenever he wentand conquered, whenever Greek culture was found.5) Melting between Greek culture and Roman culture in 146 B.C., the Romans conquered Greece.2. What is the great significance of Greek Culture on the later-on cultural development?答： There has been an enduring excitement about classical Greek culturein Europe and elsewhere Rediscovery of Greek culture played a vital part in the Renaissance in Italy and other European countries.1) Spirit of innovationThe Greek people invented mathematics and science and philosophy; They first wrote history as opposed to mere annals; They speculated freely about the nature of the world and the ends of life, without being bound in the fettersofany inherited orthodoxy.2) Supreme AchievementThe Greeks achieved supreme achievements in nearly all fields of human endeavour: Philosophy, science, epic poetry, comedy, historical writing, architecture, etc.3) Lasting effectA. Countless writers have quoted, borrowed from and otherwise used Homer’s epics, the tragedies of Aeschylus and Sophocles and Euripides, Aristophanes’s comedies, Plato’s Dialogues,ect.B. In the early part of the 19th century, in England alone, three young Romantic poets expressed their admiration of Greek culture in works which have themselves become classics: Byron’s Isles of Greece, Shelley’s Hellas and Prometheus Unbound and Keats’s Ode on a Grecian Urn.C. In the 20th century, there are Homeric parallels in the Iri shman James Joyce’s modernist masterpiece Ulysses.3. What is the similarity and difference between Greek culture and Roman culture? 答：1) similarities:A. Both peoples had traditions rooted in the idea of the citizen-assembly.B. Their religions were alike enough for most of their deities to be readily identified, and their myths to be fused.C. Their languages worked in similar ways, both being members of the Indo-European language family.2) differences:A. The Romans built up a vast empire; the Greeks didn’t, except for the brief moment of Alexander’s conquests, which soon disintegrated.B. The Romans were confident in their own organizational power, their military and administrative capabilities.4. What is the Rome historical background?答：1) The history of Rome divided into two periods: Before the year 27 B.C., Rome had been a republic; from the year 27 B.C., Octavius took supreme power as emperor with the title of Augustus and Roman Empire began.2) Two centuries later, the Roman Empire reached its climax, marked by land a rea’s extension: Encircling the Mediterranean.3) Strong military power: the famous Roman legions.4) In the Roman history ,there came two hundred years of peaceful time, which was guaranteed by the Roman legions,it was known as Pax Romana.5) Another important contribution made by the Romans to European culture was Roman Law.6) The empire began to decline in the 3rd century.A. In the 4th century the emperor Constantine moved the capital from Rome to Byzantium.Renamed it Constantinople (modern Istanbul).B. After 395, the empire was divided into East (The Byzantine Empire) and WestC. In 476 the last emperor of the West was deposed by Goths and this marked the end of the West Roman Empire.D. The East Roman Empire collapsed when Constantinople fell to the Turks in 1453.第二章填空题：1. ___________is by far the most influential in the West. Christianity2. The Hebrews history was recorded in _________of the Bible. the Old Testament3. The New Testament is about _________. the doctrine of Jesus Christ4. The story abo ut God’s flooding to the human being and only good-virtue being saved was recorded in Genesis,Pentateuch, the Old Testament, the Bible, which was known as _________. Noah’s Ark.5. The Birth of Jesus was recorded in ________. Matthew6. The story about Jesus being pinned in the cross to death was known as _________. The Last Supper.7. The first English version of whole Bible was translated from the Latin Vulgate in 1382 and was copied out by handby the early group of reformers led by _________. John Wycliff.名词解释:1. The Old TestamentThe Bible was divided into two sections: the Old Testament and the New Testament. The Old Testament is about God and the Laws of God. The word “Testament” means “agreement”, the agreement between God and Man.2. PentateuchThe Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the first five books, called Pentateuch. Pentateuch contains five books: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy.3. GenesisGenesis is one of the five books in Pentateuch, it tells about a religious account of the origin of the Hebrews people, including the origin of the world and of man, the career of Issac and the life of Jacob and his son Joseph.4. ExodusExodus is one of the five books in Pentateuch, it tells about a religious history of the Hebrews during their flight from Egypt, the period when they began to receive God’s Law. Joshua brought the people safely back toCanaan.5. The Book of DanielThe Book of Daniel belongs to The Old Testament of the Bible. It tells about the Hebrews being carried away into Babylon.论述简答题：1. What are the beliefs of Christianity?答： Christianity based itself on two forceful beliefs which separate it from all other religions.1）One is that Jesus Christ is the Son of God, and that God sent him to earth to live as humans live, suffer as humans suffer, and die to redeem mankind.2）The other is that God gave his only begotten son , so that whosoever believes in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.2. What are the different translation editions of the Bible?答：1)The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as the Septuagint. And it is still in use in the Greek Church today. But it only translated the Old Testament.2) The most ancient extant Latin version of the whole Bible is the Vulgate edition,which was done in 385-405 A.D. By St. Jerome in common people’s language. It became the official Bible of the Roman Catholic Church throughout the world.3) The first English version of whole Bible was translated from the Latin Vulgate in 1382 and was copied out by hand by the early group of reformers led by John Wycliff.4) After John Wycliff’s version, appeared William Tyndale’s version. It was based on the original Hebrew and Greek sources.5) The Great Bible ordered by Henry Ⅷ in 1539 t o be placed in all the English churches was in part founded on Tyndale’s work.6) The most important and influential of English Bible is the “Authorized” or “King James” version, first published in 1611. It was produced by 54 biblical scholars at the command of King James. With its simple, majestic Anglo-Saxon tongue, it is known as the greatest book in the English languages.7) The Revised Version appeared in 1885, and the standard American edition of the Revised Version in 1901.8) The Good News Bible and the New English Bible.3. What is the great significance of the translations of the bible?答：1) It is generally accepted that the English Bible and Shakespeare are two great reservoirs of Modern English.2) Miltion’s Paradise Lost, Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress, Byron’s Cain, up to the contemporary Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises, and Steinbeck’s East of Eden. They are not influenced without the effect of the Bible.第三章填空题：1. In _______ a Germanic (日耳曼) general killed the last Roman emperor and took control of the government. 4762. After 1054, the church was divided into _________ and _______. the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.3. _______ is the one who translated into Latin both Old and New Testament from the Hebrew and Greek originals. St. Jerome4. ______introduced French and Italy writing the English native alliterative verse.5. Both ___________are the best representative of the middle English. Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales6. _________ paved the way for the development of what is the present-day European culture. the Middel Ages名词解释1. the Middle agesIn European history, the thousand-year period following the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the fifth century is called the Middle Ages. The middle ages is so called because it came between ancient times and modern times. To be specific, from the 5th century to 15th century.2. FeudalismFeudalism in Europe was mainly a system of land holding— a system of holding land in exchange for military service. The word “feudalism” was derived from the Latin “feudum”, a grant of land.3. The ManorThe centre of medieval life under feudalism was the manor. Manors were founded on the fiefs of the lords. By the twelfth century manor houses were made of stone and designed as fortresses. They came to be called castles.4. Carolingian RenaissanceCarolingian Renaissance is derived from Charlemagne’s name in Latin, Carolus. The most interesting facet of this rather minor renaissance is the spectacle of Frankish or Germanic state reaching out to assimilate the riches of the Roman Classical and the Christianized Hebraic culture.5. Gothic1) The Gothic style started in France and quickly spread through all parts of Western Europe.2) It lasted from the mid-12th to the end of 15th century and, in some areas, into the 16th. More churches were built in this manner than in any other style in history.3) The Gothic was an outgrowth of the Romanesque.论述简答题：1. Why is the middle ages is called Age of Faith？答：1) During the Medieval times there was no central government to keep the order. The only organization that seemed to unite Europe was the Christian church.2) The Christian church continued to gain widespread power and influence.3) In the Late middle ages, almost everyone in western Europe wasa Christian and a member of the Christian Church. Christianity took the lead in politics, law, art, and learningfor hundreds of years.4) It shaped people’s lives. That is why the middle ages is also called the “Age of Faith”.2. What is the great significance of the Crusades?答：1) The crusades brought the East into closer contact with the West.And they greatly influenced the history of Europe.2) During the wars while many of the feudal lords went to fight in Palestine, kings at home found opportunities to strengthen themselves. Thus among other things, Crusades helped to break down feudalism, which, in turn led to the rise of the monarchies.3) Besides, through their contact with the more cultured Byzantines and Moslems, the western Europeans changed many of their old ideas. Their desire for wealth or power began to overshadow their religious ideals.4) The Crusades also resulted in renewing people’s interest in learning and invention. By the 13th century, universities had spread all over Europe. Such knowledge as Arabic numerals, algebra , and Arab medicine were introduced to the West.5) As trade increased, village and towns began to grow into cities. And the rise of towns and trade in western Europe paved the way of the growth of strong national governments.3. How did learning and science develop in the Middle Ages?答：1) Charlemagne and Carolingian Renaissance:A. He was crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by the pope in 800.B. Carolingian Renaissance is derived from Charlemagne’s name in Latin, Carolus. The most interesting facet of this rather minor renaissance is the spectacle of Frankish or Germanic state reaching out to assimilate the riches of the Roman Classical and the Christianized Hebraic culture.2) Alfred the Great and Wessex Centre of Learning:A. He promoted translations into the vernacular from Latin works.B. He also inspired the compilation of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.3) St. Thomas Aquinas and Scholasticism:4) Roger Bacon and Experimental Science:A. Roger Bacon, a monk, was one of the earliest advocates of scientific research.B. He called for careful observation and experimentation. His main work was the Opus maius.4. How did literature develop in the middle ages?答：1) The epic was the product of the Heroic Age. It was an important and mostly used form in ancient literature.“National epic” refers to the epic written in vernacular languages—that is, the languages of various national states that came into being in the Middle Ages. Literary works were no longer all written in Latin. It was the starting point of a gradual transition of European literature from Latin culture to a culture that was thecombination of a variety of national characteristics. Both Beowulf and song of Roland were the representative works of the National Epics.2) Dante Alighieri and The Divine Comedy:A. His masterpiece, The Divine Comedy, is one of the landmarks of world literature.B. The poem expresses humanistic ideas which foreshadowed the spirit of Renaissance.C. Dante wrote his masterpiece in Italian rather than in Latin.3) Geoffery Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales:A. The Canterbury Tales were his most popular work.B. Most of the tales are written in verse which reflects Chaucer’s innovation by introducing into the native alliterativeverse the French and Italian styles.C. Chaucer is thus to be , regarded as the first short story teller and the first modern poet in English literature.D. Chaucer and the Canterbury Tales were representative of the Middle ages.5. What is the difference between the vernacular language used in the National epics and the vernacular language used by Mark twain?答：1) The epic was the product of the Heroic Age. It was an important and mostly used form in ancient literature.“National epic” refers to the epic written in vernacular languages—that is, the languages of various national states that came into being in the Middle Ages. Literary works were no longer all written in Latin. It was the starting point of a gradual transition of European literature from Latin culture to a culture that was the combination of a variety of national characteristics. Both Beowulf and song of Roland were the representative works of the National Epics.2) The vernacular language used by Mark twain refers to both local and colloq language used in the Mississippi area, with a strong characteristic of that region. Mark twain used vernacular language not only in dialogue, but also in narration.3) His representative works Life on the Mississippi.6. What were the power and influence of the Roman Catholic church in the Medieval times?1) With a highly centralized and disciplined international organization from priests to Pope, the Roman Catholic Church seemed to be the only unity across the western Europe of the Medieval times. It developed a civilization based on Christianity and helped to preserve and pass on the heritage of the classical cultures by the official language of Latin.2) with the Pope as the supreme head of all the Christian Churches of the western Europe, the Catholic (meaning universal) church received heavy taxes from lay people and various supports from nobles and kings. Church could remove any opponents political rights or even emperors, with the powerful symbol of the Inquisition, the Church court to punish heresy.3) The Medieval Church was the center of the Europeans’ daily life and almost everyone became a member of theChurch. People turned to the Church for comfort and spiritual guidance; the Church also was the center of holy communion, recreation, trade and communal activity.4) Clergy then was the only literate class, so kings and nobles used them to implement important secular governmental duties.5) The Church took the lead in politics, law, art, and learning throughout the “Age of Faith”. For example, Romanesque and Gothic arts were predominantly religious; in learning, it influenced greatly the western thinking with the monks’ work on copying and translating ancient books, the Church Fathers’ philosophy, Monasticism, Scholasticism and Experimental science.6) originally for regaining the holy city of Jerusalem, the Church launched 200-year Crusades, which helped to bread down feudalism and enhanced the cultural contact between the West and the East.第四章填空题：1. Renaissance started in ________ and ________ with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture. Florence and Venice.2. In Renaissance literature of Italy, _______ was the representative poet. Petrarch3. At the heart of the Renaissance philosophy was the assertion of _________. the greatness of man.4. The idea of the greatness of man is reflected in __________ literature. Shakespeare’s5. The national religion established after reformation in England was called _______. The church of England or The Anglican Church.6. It was under the reign of _______ that reformation was successful in England. Henry Ⅷ.7. Montaigne was a French humanist known for his _______. “Essais”(Essays).8. The representative novelist of Renaissance in Spain was __________ with his famous work_______, which marked European culture entry into a new stage. Cervantes DonQuixote9. The Venus of Urbino is ___________ works. Titian10. _______ translated the whole Bible with the vernacular language. Martin Luther 名词解释:1. RenaissanceGenerally speaking, Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th century. Th e word “Renaissance” means revival, specifically in this period of history, revival of interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture. Renaissance, in essence, was a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of conservatism in feudalist Europe and introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, to lift the restrictions in all areas placed by the Roman church authorities.2. ReformationThe Reformation was a 16th century religious movement as well as a socio-political movement. It began as Martin Luther posted on the door of the castle church at the University of Wittenberg his 95 thesis. This movement which swept over the whole of Europe was aimed at opposing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with the absolute authority of the Bible. The reformists engaged themselves in translating the Bible into their mother tongues. 3. Counter-ReformationBy late 1520 the Roman Catholic Church had lost its control over the church in Germany. The Roman Catholic Church did not stay idle. They mustered their forces, the dedicated Catholic groups, to examine the Church institutions and introduce reforms and improvements, to bring back its vitality. This recovery of power is often called by historiansthe Counter-Reformation.论述简答题：1. What are the Geographical Discoveries in the Renaissance?答：The Renaissance was the golden age of geographical discoveries: by the year of 1600 the surface of the known earth was doubled.1)Columbus: Columbus discovered the land of America. On his fourth voyage he explored the coast of Central America.2)Dias: Dias was a Portuguese navigator who discovered the Cape of Good Hope in 1487.3)Da Gama: Gama was a Portuguese navigator, who discovered the route to India round the Cape of Good Hope between the years of 1497 and 1498.4)Amerig：Amerigo was the Italian navigator on whose honour America was named. His discovered and explored the mouth of the Amazon and accepted South America as a new continent.2. What positive influence does the reformation exert on world culture?答:1)The Roman Catholic Church was never the international court to which all rulers and states were to be morally responsible for.2)Economically, peasants all over Europe had no need to pay a good amount of their gains to the Pope.3)In educational and cultural matters, the monopoly of the church was broken.4)In religion, Protestantism brought into being different forms of Christianity to challenge the absolute rule of the Roman Catholic Church.5)In language, the dominant position of Latin had to give way to the national languages as a result of various translations of the Bible into the vernacular.6)In spirit, absolute obedience became out-moded and the spirit of quest, debate , was ushered in by the reformists.3. What contribution did the Renaissance make to the world culture?答：1、The Renaissance created a culture which freed man to discover and enjoy the world in a way not possible under the medieval Church’s dispensation.2、The Reformation dealt the feudal theocracy a fatal blow.第五章填空题：1. The modern world, so far as mental outlook is concerned, begins in ________. the 17th century2. _________ formed the basis of all modern planetary astronomy and led to Newton’s discovery of the laws of gravitation. Kepler’s Laws3. “Knowledge is power.” By _____. Francis Bacon4. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. By _____. Francis Bacon5. Leviathan is written by ________. Tomas Hobbes6. The English Revolution is also called __________. Bourgeoisie Revolution.7. In _______, the Bill of Rights was enacted by the English Parliament. 16898. There are two leaders in the English Revolution. _______ was the man of action and ________ the man of thought. Cromwell, Milton.9. The best repr esentative of French neoclassicism is ________. Molière名词解释：1. the laws of gravitation: the sun, the moon, the earth, the planets, and all the other bodies in the universe move in accordance with the same basic force, which is call gravitation.2. ClassicismClassicism implies the revival of the forms and traditions of the ancient world, a return to works of old Greek literature from Homer to Plato and Aristotle. But French classicism of the 17th century was not conscious of being a classical revival. It intended to produce a literature, French to the core, which was worthy of Greek and classical ideals.This neoclassicism reached its climax in France in the 17th century.3. Baroque ArtBaroque Art, flourished first in Italy, and then spread to Spain, Portugal, France in south Europe and to Flander and the Netherlands in the North. It was characterized by dramatic intensity and sentimental appeal with a lot of emphasis on light and colour.论述简答1. Why do we say the 17th century is a transitional period from middle ages to the modern times?答：1) This advance began in science, in astronomy, physics and pure mathematics, owing to the work of Galileo, Kepler, Newton and Descartes. 2) The outlook of educated men was transformed. There was a profound change in the conception of men’s place in the universe.3) The new science and philosophy gave a great push to the political struggle waged by the newly emerged class, the bourgeoisie, and other chasses.4) The modern world, so far as mental outlook is concerned, begins in the 17th century.2. What are the merits shared by the Great Scientists of 17th century？答：During the 17th century, the modern Scientific method began to take shape. It emphasized observation and experimentation before formulating a final explanation or generalization. Copernicus、Kepler、Galileo、Newton and other scientists of the time shared two merits which favoured the advance of science.1) First, they showed boldness in framing hypotheses.2) Second, they all had immense patience in observation.3) The combination of the two merits brought about fundamental changes in man’s scientific and philosophical thinking.3. What is Baconian Philosophical system?答：1) The whole basis of his philosophy was practical: to give mankind mastery over the forces of nature by means of scientific discoveries and inventions.2) He held that philosophy should be kept separate from theology, not intimately be blended with it as in Scholasticism.3) Bacon established the inductive method. Induction means reasoning from particular facts or individual cases to a general conclusion.. Deductive method emphasized reasoning from a known principle to the unknown and from thegeneral to the specific.4) In a word, to break with the past, and to restore man to his lost mastery of the natural world. This was what Bacon called the Great Instauration.4. What is the difference between Hobbes and Locke in terms of nature Law?答：For Locke, Nature Law, therefore, means a universally obligatory moral law promulgated by the human reason. Whereas for Hobbes it means the law of power, force and fraud.5. What is the different between Tomas Hobbes and John Locke in terms of Social Contract?1) John Lock’s Social Contract consists of :A. Society is out of necessity, convenience and man’s own interest, and therefore, society is natural to man.B. The institution of political society and government must proceed from the consent of those who are incorporated into political society and subject themselves to government.C. Locke emphasized that the social contract must be understood as involving the individual’s consent to submit to the will of the ma jority and that the will of the majority must prevail.D. Locke also believed that the ruler of government is one partner of the social contract. If he violates the social contract, then government is effectively dissolved. This idea was welcomed by the Americans during the AmericanRevolution and the bourgeoisie revolution in England.2 Tomas Hobbes’ Social Contract consists of:A. It is necessary that there should be a common power or government backed by force and able to punish.B. Commonwealth, in Latin, Civitas.C. To escape anarchy, men enter into a social contract, by which they submit to thesovereign. In return for conferring all their powers and strength to the sovereign, men attain peace and security.D. The powers of the sovereign must be absolute, and it is only be the centralization of authority in one person that the evil can be avoided.E. As to the form of government, Hobbes preferred monarchy.F. Government was not created by God, but by men themselves.3) Although both Tomas Hobbes and John Locke used the term “social contract”, they differed fundamentally.A. Firstly, Hobbes argued men enter a social contract to escape the state of war, for, in his view, men are enemies and at war with each other. Locke argued men are equal and that they enter a social contract by reason.B. Secondly, Hobbes argued that individuals surrender their rights to one man, the sovereign whose power is absolute.Locke argued that the individuals surrender their rights to the community as a whole. According to him, by majority vote a representative is chosen, but his power not absolute. If he fails to implement the people’s will, the people have the right to overthrow him.4. What is the great significance of the English Revolution?1、It was the first time that capitalism has defeated absolute monarchy in history.2、The English Revolution marked that the modern times are approaching.3、After the English Revolution the constitutional monarchy has come into being as well as the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Right established the supremacy of the Parliament and put an end to divine monarchy in England. The Bill of Rights limited the Sovereign’s power in certain important directions.6. What are the characteristics of French classicism?1) In the French classical literature, man was viewed as a social being consciously and willingly subject to discipline.2) Rationalism was believed to be able to discover the best principles of human conduct and the universal principles of natural laws. Here Descartes provided the philosophical foundation for the French neoclassicism.3) French classicism was fond of using classical forms, classical themes and values.第六章填空题：1. ________was the first of the great French men of letters associated with the Enlightenment Montesquieu。
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课程《欧洲文化入门》考试时间 120 分钟日期年月日姓名学号学院班级Ⅰ.Read the following unfinished statements or questionas carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have choosen in the corresponding spcae on the answer sheet. (40 points, 2 point for each)1.———— was the founder of scientific mathematics.A. PythagorasB. DemocritusC. AristotleD. Diogenes2. Which of the following figures was regarded as “the master of those who know”byDante?A. PlatoB. SocratesC. AristotleD. Cicero3.________ was called “the greatest historian that ever lived”by Macaulay.A. ThucydidesB. HerodotusC. SocratesD. Aristotle4. The first king to unite the Hebrews was a warrior-famer name________ .A. MosesB. JoshuaC. SaulD. David5. Who issued the Edict of Milan in 313,whick granted religious freedom to all and madeChristianity legal?A. DomitianB. ValerianC. ConstantineD. Theodosius6. The ancestors of the Jews are called Hebrews which mean ________ .A. wanderersB. travelersC. tradersD. merchants7. In the latter part of the fourth century the ________ swept into Europe from centralAsia.A. TurkishB. HunsC. AthensD. Roman8. Apart from being a place of worship, the ________ was a place for recreation and thecenter of trade and community activity.A. bridgeB. church buildingC. villageD. subway9. For two centuries beginning from the late fifteenth century,________ was the goldencity which gave birth to a whole generation of poets, scholars,artists and sculptors.A. MilanB. FlorenceC. VeniceD. the papal states10. which of the following figures knows “how to make beauty yield meaning and meaningyield beauty”?.A. BoccaccioB. ShakespeareC. RaphaelD. Petrarch11. ________ is recognized as the father of the modern European novel and has had greatimpact on world literature.A. Don QuixoteB. hamletC. Gargantua and PantagruelD. Utopia12. The English poet Alexander Pope once wrote:Nature and Nature’laws lay hid innight.God said, “let________ be”, and all was light.A. CopernicusB. KeplerC. NewtonD. Einstein13. It is generally believed that modern philosophy begins with Francis Bacon in Englandand with ________ in France.A. CorneilleB. LockeC. RousseauD. Descartes14. The great contribution of St.Jerome was ________.A. the building of monasteriesB. the translation of Old and New Testaments into LatinC. the setting up of the church systemD. none of the above15. Which of the following is not true about Dante?A. Dante was a great Italian poet.B. Dante wrote BeowulfC. Dante wrote his masterpiece in ItalianD. Dante was a great political thinker16. Scientists in the 17th century,such ans Galileo and Newton,attached great importanceto ________ .A. deductive reasoningB. classical authorityC. direct observation and experimentD. humanist learning17. Which of the following is not true about Aristotle?A. In Aristotle the great humanist and the great man of science meet.B. Aristotle founded the school of the Stoics.C. Aristotle was tutor of Alexander.D. Aristotle wrote many books on logic,politics, poetry, rhetoric and other subjects.18. ________ believed that the highest good in life was pleasure, freedom from pain andemotional upheaval. .A. SophistsB. CynicsC. ScepticsD. Epicureans19. ________ is said to have told the king of Syracuse: “Give me a place to stand, andI will move the world.”A. ArchimedesB. AristotleC. PlatoD. Euclid20. In The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs,________ put forward his theory that the sun,not the earth, is the center of the universe.A. KeplerB. GalileoC. NewtonD. CopernicusⅡ.In the following part there are two columns.The left hand column consists of a list of names. The right hand column consists of a list of titles, names of organizations,works or remarks in the right hand column and put the number a or b or c etc. in the bracket on the test paper.(10 points, 1 point each)21.St.Jerome [ ] (a)Latin version of Bible22.Dante [ ] (b)The City of God23.Aristophanes [ ] (c)The Canterbury Tales24.Virgil [ ] (d)Aeneid25.Constantine [ ] (e)Last Supper26.Augustine [ ] (f)Virgin Mary27.Chaucer [ ] (g)Edict of Milan28.Leonardo da Vinci [ ] (h)Frogs29.Raphael [ ] (i)The Divine Comedy30.Homer [ ] (j)OdysseyⅢ.Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following question. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the test paper.(20 points, 2 points each)31.Among many elements which constitute European culture, what are the two major ones?32.What are the four schools of philosophers who often argued with each other in the4th century B.C.in Greece?33.What gave birth to Christianity?34.What does the Old Testament mainly deal with?35.What classes were the people of weatern Europe under feudalism mainly divided into?36.Why did the Crusades go on about 200 years? the two men who made great efforts to promote learning in the Middle Ages.38.Which period does Renaissance refer to in the European history?39.List tow most famous pictures painted by Leonardo da Vinci.40.Who established oil colour on canvas as the typical medium of the pictorial traditionin western art?IV.Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the test paper in around 40 words.(20 points, 5points each)41.Athens’democrach42.Beowulf43.John Locke44.OdysseyV.Write Between 100-120 Words on the following topic in the corresponding space on the test paper.(10 points)45.What is Baconian philosophical system and the different between inductie method (推理法)and deductive method(演绎法)?课程《欧洲文化入门》答案Ⅰ.1-10: A, C, A, C, C, A, B, B, B, D11-20: A, C, D, B, B, C, B, D, A, DⅡ. 21a,22i,23h,24d,25g,26b,27c,28e,29f,30jⅢ.31.The major elements are the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element.32.The four schools of philosophers are Cynics,the Sceptics,the Epicureans and theStoics.33.It was the Jewish tradition that gave birth to Christianity.34.The Old Testment is about God and the Laws of God.35.people of western Europe under feudalism were mainly divided into threeclasses:clergy,lords and peasants.36.In 1071 the armies of the Turkish Moslems occupied Palestine, killing many Christainpilgrims and even selling many others as slaves, which roused great indignation among Christains in western Europe and resulted in the crusades lasting on about 200 years.37.They are Charlemagne and Alfred the Great.38.Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid 17th century.39.Mona Lisa and Last Supper are Leonardo da Vinci’s most famous pictures.40.It was the great Venetian painter Titian.IV41.Athens was a democracy. Democracy means “exercise of power by the whole people”,butby“the whole people”the Greeks meant only the adult male citizens, and citizenship was a set of rights which a man inherited from his father.42.Beowulf is an Anglo-Saxon epic, in alliterative verse, originating from thecollective efforts of oral literature. The story is set in Denmard of Sweden and tells how the hero, Beowulf, defeats the monster Grendel and Grendel’s mother, a sea monster,but eventually receives his own death in fighting with a fire dragon.43.John Locke was a great English empiricist and an outstanding political philosopher,whose writing on economics, politics and religion expressed the ideas of the time.44.Odyssey deals with the return of Odysseus after the Trojan war to his home islandof Ithaca. It describes many adventures he ran into on his long sea voyage and how finally he was reunited with his faithful wife Penelope.V.45.The answer as follows:1.The whole basis of his philosophy was practical: to give mankind mastery over theforces of nature by means of scientific discoveries and inventions.2.He held that philosophy should be kept separate from theology, not intimately beblended with is as in Scholasticism.3.Bacon established the inductive method. Induction means reasoning from particularfacts or individual cases to a general conclusion. Deductive method emphasized reasoning from a known principle to the unknown and from the general to the specific.4.In a word, to break with the past, and to restore man to his lost mastery of naturalworld. This was what Bacon called the Great Instauration.。
(0174)《欧洲文化入门》网上作业题及答案
[0174]《欧洲文化入门》第一批[论述题]1.The Bible2. Renaissance参考答案：[判断题]12. Throughout his life, Peter Paul Rubens did 1,204 paintings and 300 drawings, something that is unprecedented in the history of art.参考答案：正确[判断题]14. Black Humor is a kind of desperate humor. It is the laughter at tragic things. Man's fate is decided by comprehensible powers. We can't do anything about it, therefore we may as well laugh.参考答案：错误[判断题]10. Baroque art, flourished first in Spain was characterized by Dramatic intensity and sentimental appeal with a lot of emphasis on light and color.参考答案：错误[判断题]15. Expressionist art is marked by the expression of reality by means of distortion to communicate one's inner vision. The artists of this school used bright colors to bring out their pessimistic views on life.参考答案：正确[判断题]7. The Gothic style started in France, quickly spread through all parts of western Europe and flourished and lasted from the mid-12th to the end of 15th century and, in some areas, into the 17th .参考答案：错误[判断题]6. Charlemagne wanted to rule as the emperors of Rome had done in ancient times and eventually was crowned " Emperor of the Romans” by himself in 800.参考答案：错误[判断题]5. The Bible is much more than a religious book; it is really an encyclopedia: history, literature, philosophy and record of great minds.参考答案：正确[判断题]4. Roman law eventually became the core of modern civil and commercial law in many Western countries.参考答案：正确[判断题]3. Venus de Milo was discovered in the island of Milo in 1920.参考答案：错误[判断题]2. Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece.参考答案：正确[判断题]1. Homer's epics described the events of Homer's own time.参考答案：错误[判断题]13. Marxism was linked to a great intellectual tradition extending into the 18th century French Enlightenment, German post-Kantian philosophy, English classical political economy, andearly 18th century European socialism.参考答案：错误[判断题]9. It is generally believed that modern philosophy begins with Francis Bacon in England and wi th RenéDescartes in France.参考答案：正确[判断题]8. In the period of Renaissance, where the impact with Italy was most strongly felt in fine arts, in France it was literature and in England it was philosophy and drama.参考答案：正确[判断题]11. Christopher Columbus was discoverer of the New World and the American continent was named after him.参考答案：错误第二批[论述题]1.John Lock2.Lugwig von Beethoven参考答案：[单选题]1. Two major elements in European culture are ____.A：the Greek and RomanB：the Judaism and ChristianityC：the Greco-RomanD：both A and B参考答案：D[单选题]2. The best writer of comedy of the ancient Greece was ____ , who is Father of Comedy. A：UripidesB：AristophanesC：SophoclesD：Aeschylus参考答案：B[单选题]3. In _____ the West Roman Empire ended when the last emperor of the West was deposed by the Goths.A：27 B.CB：395C：476D：1453参考答案：C[单选题]4. The most important and influential of English Bible is ____, first published in 1611. A：The SeptuagintB：The VulgateC：Wycliff’s versionD：Authorized version参考答案：D[单选题]5. ____ in a few hundred years were to grow into the nations known as England, France, Spain, Italy and Germany.A：Germanic tribesB：The HunsC：The Anglo-SaxonsD： The Visigoths参考答案：A[单选题]6. Dante Alighieri's masterpiece , _____, is one of the landmarks of world literature. A： Song of RolandB：the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.C：BeowulfD： the Divine Comedy参考答案：D[单选题]7. After the 16-century Reformation, _____ came into being.A：ChristianityB：CalvinC：LutheranD：Protestantism参考答案：D[单选题]8. ____ was the first Russian author to gain recognition in the West.A：Nikolai GogolB：Ivan Sergeyevich TurgenevC：Fyodor DostoyevskyD： Count Leo Tolstoy参考答案：B[单选题]9. _____ was made up of many facets, such as symbolism, surrealism, cubism, expressionism, futurism, etc.A：RealismB：NaturalismC：ModernismD：Impressionism参考答案：C[单选题]10.Sholokhov established an international reputation for his monumental novel of Cossack life, _____ , written between 1925 and 1940.A： My ApprenticeshipB： The StrangerC：The Quiet DonD：Remembrance of Things Past参考答案：C第三批[论述题]1. Church of England（英国国教）2. The Spirit of Laws（《法意》）3. Aristotle（亚里士多德）4. Beowulf （《贝奥武夫》）5. the Authorized or King James version of the Bible（ "钦定圣经”）参考答案：第四批[论述题]1. Francesco Petrarch （彼特拉克）2. John Locke （洛克）3. Black Humour（黑色幽默）4. Cubism （立体派）参考答案：第五批[论述题]Marxism参考答案：[判断题]10. The term " Angry Young Man” came to be widely used only after the publication of John Osborne's play Look Back in Anger (1956).参考答案：正确[判断题]9. Samuel Beckett's masterpiece was a play called Waiting for Godot (1952), which was remembered as one of the most famous Absurd Drama.参考答案：正确[判断题]8. Sholokhov established an international reputation for his monumental novel of Cossack life, The Quiet Don, written between 1925 and 1940.参考答案：正确[判断题]7. T.S. Eliot's long poem the Waste Land is his major contribution to English poetry. 参考答案：正确[判断题]6. Dubliners by James Joyce is considered his most mature work and the single best fiction ever written since the beginning of the 20th century.参考答案：错误[判断题]5. In Freudian system, Id is the container of the instinctual urges.参考答案：正确[判断题]4. Realism was made up of many facets, such as symbolism, surrealism, cubism, expressionism, futurism, etc.参考答案：错误[判断题]3. The term " impressionism” was taken directly from the title of Manet's Impressionism: Sunrise (1872).参考答案：错误[判断题]2.Diogenes is chiefly noted for his doctrine that " man is the measure of all th ings.”参考答案：错误[判断题]1. Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece.参考答案：正确第六批[判断题]10. Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 is a choral symphony, choosing as a text for the finale Shiller's Ode to Joy.参考答案：正确[判断题]9. Delacroix was among the first ones in European art history to comment in his art on the events of the day.参考答案：正确[判断题]8. Goya was among the first ones in European art history to comment in his art on the events of the day.参考答案：正确[判断题]7. The publication of Mickiewicz's Sonnets from the Crimea _____ is uaually taken as the beginning of Romanticism in Polish literature.参考答案：错误[判断题]6. Pushkin stood in the van of the Romantic movement in Russia, Eugene Onegin is generally recognized as his masterpiece.参考答案：正确[判断题]5. In 1798, Songs of Experience , a volume of poems by Wordsworth and Coleridge, made literary history.参考答案：错误[判断题]4. Romanticism, which developed in Europe in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, started from the ideas of Rousseau, in France and from the Storm and Stress movement in Germany. 参考答案：正确[判断题]3. Nikolai Gogol was the first master of fiction in Russia to leave romantic conventions and go to life for his subjects.参考答案：正确[判断题]2. Zola defined the theory of realism and illustrated it in his great work entitled the Human Comedy参考答案：错误[判断题]1. In Europe, the realist movement arose in the 50s of the 19th century and had its origin in France.参考答案：正确[论述题]1.Dadaism2. The Human Comedy参考答案：。
欧洲文化复习题答案
欧洲文化复习题答案一、选择题1. 欧洲文艺复兴起源于哪个国家？A. 法国B. 意大利C. 德国D. 英国答案：B2. 以下哪位作曲家不属于浪漫主义时期？A. 贝多芬B. 柴可夫斯基C. 莫扎特D. 肖邦答案：C3. 欧洲的哪个城市被誉为“艺术之都”？A. 巴黎B. 罗马C. 维也纳D. 阿姆斯特丹答案：A4. 以下哪个节日起源于欧洲？A. 圣诞节B. 中秋节C. 泼水节D. 感恩节答案：A5. 欧洲哪个国家以其独特的建筑风格“哥特式”著称？A. 法国B. 意大利C. 西班牙D. 英国答案：A二、填空题6. 欧洲的______时期是文化和艺术的黄金时代，许多著名的艺术家和作家在这一时期涌现。
答案：文艺复兴7. 欧洲的______被誉为现代科学之父，他的发现对科学革命有着深远的影响。
答案：伽利略8. 欧洲的______是中世纪欧洲最大的宗教建筑之一，也是哥特式建筑的代表。
答案：巴黎圣母院9. 欧洲的______是现代奥林匹克运动会的发源地，每四年举办一次。
答案：希腊10. 欧洲的______是世界著名的音乐之都，每年都会举办各种音乐节。
答案：维也纳三、简答题11. 简述欧洲中世纪的封建制度。
答案：欧洲中世纪的封建制度是一种基于土地的权力和义务关系。
领主拥有土地，而农民则在领主的土地上耕作，并向领主提供劳役和税收。
这种制度形成了一种等级分明的社会结构。
12. 描述欧洲文化中对个人主义的重视。
答案：欧洲文化强调个人自由、独立和创造力。
个人主义在欧洲文化中表现为尊重个人的权利和选择，鼓励个人发展和自我实现。
这种文化背景促进了艺术、科学和哲学的繁荣。
四、论述题13. 论述欧洲文化对世界文化的影响。
答案：欧洲文化对世界文化产生了深远的影响。
从文艺复兴时期的艺术和文学，到启蒙时代的哲学思想，再到现代科学的发展，欧洲文化在艺术、哲学、科学等多个领域都为世界文化的发展做出了重要贡献。
此外，欧洲的民主政治制度、法律体系和教育模式也对全球产生了广泛的影响。
自考《欧洲文化入门试卷及答案练习题》
课程《欧洲文化入门》考试时间 120 分钟日期年月日姓名学号学院班级Ⅰ.Read the following unfinished statements or questionas carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have choosen in the corresponding spcae on the answer sheet. (40 points, 2 point for each)———— was the founder of scientific mathematics.A. PythagorasB. DemocritusC. AristotleD. Diogenes2. Which of the following figures was regarded as “the master of those who know”byDante?A. PlatoB. SocratesC. AristotleD. Cicero3.________ was called “the greatest historian that ever lived”by Macaulay.A. ThucydidesB. HerodotusC. SocratesD. Aristotle4. The first king to unite the Hebrews was a warrior-famer name________ .A. MosesB. JoshuaC. SaulD. David5. Who issued the Edict of Milan in 313,whick granted religious freedom to all andmade Christianity legal?A. DomitianB. ValerianC. ConstantineD. Theodosius6. The ancestors of the Jews are called Hebrews which mean ________ .A. wanderersB. travelersC. tradersD. merchants7. In the latter part of the fourth century the ________ swept into Europe fromcentral Asia.A. TurkishB. HunsC. AthensD. Roman8. Apart from being a place of worship, the ________ was a place for recreation andthe center of trade and community activity.A. bridgeB. church buildingC. villageD. subway9. For two centuries beginning from the late fifteenth century,________ was thegolden city which gave birth to a whole generation of poets, scholars,artists and sculptors.A. MilanB. FlorenceC. VeniceD. the papal states10. which of the following figures knows “how to make beauty yield meaning andmeaning yield beauty”?.A. BoccaccioB. ShakespeareC. RaphaelD. Petrarch11. ________ is recognized as the father of the modern European novel and has hadgreat impact on world literature.A. Don QuixoteB. hamletC. Gargantua and PantagruelD. Utopia12. The English poet Alexander Pope once wrote:Nature and Nature’laws lay hid innight.God said, “let________ be”, and all was light.A. CopernicusB. KeplerC. NewtonD. Einstein13. It is generally believed that modern philosophy begins with Francis Bacon inEngland and with ________ in France.A. CorneilleB. LockeC. RousseauD. Descartes14. The great contribution of St.Jerome was ________.A. the building of monasteriesB. the translation of Old and New Testaments into LatinC. the setting up of the church systemD. none of the above15. Which of the following is not true about Dante?A. Dante was a great Italian poet.B. Dante wrote BeowulfC. Dante wrote his masterpiece in ItalianD. Dante was a great political thinker16. Scientists in the 17th century,such ans Galileo and Newton,attached greatimportance to ________ .A. deductive reasoningB. classical authorityC. direct observation and experimentD. humanist learning17. Which of the following is not true about Aristotle?A. In Aristotle the great humanist and the great man of science meet.B. Aristotle founded the school of the Stoics.C. Aristotle was tutor of Alexander.D. Aristotle wrote many books on logic,politics, poetry, rhetoric and othersubjects.18. ________ believed that the highest good in life was pleasure, freedom from painand emotional upheaval. .A. SophistsB. CynicsC. ScepticsD. Epicureans19. ________ is said to have told the king of Syracuse: “Give me a place to stand,and I will move the world.”A. ArchimedesB. AristotleC. PlatoD. Euclid20. In The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs,________ put forward his theory that thesun, not the earth, is the center of the universe.A. KeplerB. GalileoC. NewtonD. CopernicusⅡ.In the following part there are two columns.The left hand column consists ofa list of names. The right hand column consists of a list of titles, names oforganizations, works or remarks in the right hand column and put the numbera orb orc etc. in the bracket on the test paper.(10 points, 1 point each)(a)Latin version of Bible22.Dante [ ] (b)The City of God23.Aristophanes [ ] (c)The Canterbury Tales24.Virgil [ ] (d)Aeneid25.Constantine [ ] (e)Last Supper26.Augustine [ ] (f)Virgin Mary27.Chaucer [ ] (g)Edict of Milan28.Leonardo da Vinci [ ] (h)Frogs29.Raphael [ ] (i)The Divine Comedy30.Homer [ ] (j)OdysseyⅢ.Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following question. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the test paper.(20 points, 2 points each) 31.Among many elements which constitute European culture, what are the two majorones?32.What are the four schools of philosophers who often argued with each other inthe 4th Greece?33.What gave birth to Christianity?34.What does the Old Testament mainly deal with?35.What classes were the people of weatern Europe under feudalism mainly dividedinto?36.Why did the Crusades go on about 200 years? the two men who made great efforts to promote learning in the Middle Ages.38.Which period does Renaissance refer to in the European history?39.List tow most famous pictures painted by Leonardo da Vinci.40.Who established oil colour on canvas as the typical medium of the pictorialtradition in western art?IV.Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the test paper in around 40 words.(20 points, 5points each)41.Athens’democrach42.Beowulf43.John Locke44.OdysseyV.Write Between 100-120 Words on the following topic in the corresponding space on the test paper.(10 points)45.What is Baconian philosophical system and the different between inductie method(推理法)and deductive method(演绎法)?课程《欧洲文化入门》答案Ⅰ.1-10: A, C, A, C, C, A, B, B, B, D11-20: A, C, D, B, B, C, B, D, A, DⅡ. 21a,22i,23h,24d,25g,26b,27c,28e,29f,30jⅢ.31.The major elements are the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element.32.The four schools of philosophers are Cynics,the Sceptics,the Epicureans and theStoics.33.It was the Jewish tradition that gave birth to Christianity.34.The Old Testment is about God and the Laws of God.35.people of western Europe under feudalism were mainly divided into threeclasses:clergy,lords and peasants.36.In 1071 the armies of the Turkish Moslems occupied Palestine, killing manyChristain pilgrims and even selling many others as slaves, which roused great indignation among Christains in western Europe and resulted in the crusades lasting on about 200 years.37.They are Charlemagne and Alfred the Great.38.Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid 17th century.39.Mona Lisa and Last Supper are Leonardo da Vinci’s most famous pictures.40.It was the great Venetian painter Titian.IV41.Athens was a democracy. Democracy means “exercise of power by the wholepeople”,but by“the whole people”the Greeks meant only the adult male citizens, and citizenship was a set of rights which a man inherited from his father. 42.Beowulf is an Anglo-Saxon epic, in alliterative verse, originating from thecollective efforts of oral literature. The story is set in Denmard of Sweden and tells how the hero, Beowulf, defeats the monster Grendel and Grendel’s mother, a sea monster,but eventually receives his own death in fighting witha fire dragon.43.John Locke was a great English empiricist and an outstanding politicalphilosopher, whose writing on economics, politics and religion expressed the ideas of the time.44.Odyssey deals with the return of Odysseus after the Trojan war to his home islandof Ithaca. It describes many adventures he ran into on his long sea voyage and how finally he was reunited with his faithful wife Penelope.V.45.The answer as follows:1.The whole basis of his philosophy was practical: to give mankind mastery overthe forces of nature by means of scientific discoveries and inventions.2.He held that philosophy should be kept separate from theology, not intimatelybe blended with is as in Scholasticism.3.Bacon established the inductive method. Induction means reasoning fromparticular facts or individual cases to a general conclusion. Deductive method emphasized reasoning from a known principle to the unknown and from the general to the specific.4.In a word, to break with the past, and to restore man to his lost mastery of naturalworld. This was what Bacon called the Great Instauration.。
欧洲入门文化(300题)
欧洲文化入门1．第1题Which of the following is not true about the Greek culture? CC.The Greeks honored the city's gods every day2．第2题Historical narrative is best represented in the New Testament by the_C__.C.Acts of the Apostles3．第3题The images of Cronus and Rhea reflect ____C_______.C.the communal marriage in the primitive society4．第4题The ancient Greeks__B_.B.firmly believed myths to be true5．第5题According to Greek mythology, __A_ opened a forbidden jar and happened to release the plagues into the world. A.Pandora6．第6题According to Greek myths about creation, _D___was the foundation of all things. D.Chaos7．第7题By a complex process of violence, struggle, and sexual attraction,__built up the power. B.Zeus8．第8题The history of the English Bible is the history of the formation of the English language__.AA.from a mixture of French, Anglo-Norman, and Anglo-Saxon;9．第13题The Spanish monarchy was __.AA.set up by the Christians10．第14题Magna Carta in 1215 in England was a document that __.DD.spoke for the nobles11．第23题Which of the following is Not true about Christianity in the 3rd century?D.The Bible in English began to spread in England12．第24题William Tyndale translated the New Testament in the 16 century from __B_.B.the Greek text13．第25题The kingdom of God refers to_B_. B.the rule of God14．第26题According to the New Testament the Christian church _C_.C.spoke more of salvation15．第27题The Fourth Crusade in the 13th century was in fact__. B.turned into a siege of a Christian city16．第32题On Mount Olympus were ___ major gods and goddesses known as the Olympians.B.twelve17．第34题Greek myths reflect Greeks' exploration of the followings except_C__.C.the mysterious outer space18．第35题The name Jesus suggests__.BB.that God saves us from sin19．第36题The images of gods in Greek mythology impress us as ____B_____.B.beings with human emotions who lived among us20．第37题Mythology has exerted a great influence on the arts in___A.all parts of the world21．第38题Which of the following is not true about the Greeks?A.They produced their sacred written text like the Bible22．第39题Odysseus___ returned to his faithful wife after the ten-year Trojan War.C.was a Greek hero who23．第40题In the Renaissance, the ancient myths___.A.served as sources of inspiration for artistic creation24．第41题The first complete English Bible was the work of translation by John Wycliffe from___. B.the Greek text25．第42题The early Christians were against ___. D.pagan culture26．第43题According to Greek mythology ___, which goes well with the idea of Daoism in China.A.something can be produced from nothing27．第44题Which of the following about Jesus is Not true according to the Gospels? C.He was the presence of God in the world28．第45题According to the New Testament, the central message of Jesus was__.A.the kingdom of God29．第46题In the New Testament Jesus was portrayed as the following figure except____.D.the almighty God30．第47题It was ____who unified England for the first time.D.King Alfred and his successors31．第48题The Late Middle Ages almost at the same time__.A.began with the Renaissance32．第49题In the Carolingian time popes__.B.were regarded as models of piety33．第50题___ were regarded as heretics in the Middle Ages.B.Those who did not believe in Christianity34．第67题Which is not true about the heroes in Greek mythology?B.They never die35．第68题Which of the following is not true about the Greeks' belief in heroes? A.They were immortal36．第69题The Romans began to represent their gods in human form ___.D.after coming into contact with foreign culture37．第70题Which is not true in the following about the disruptive deities?C.They were in fact mortals38．第71题Myths____. C.explain the origin of man and nature39．第72题The Greeks’ sense of gods is shared by __. A.the Romans40．第73题Which of the following does not contribute to our knowledge of Greek mythology? D.Guesswork41．第74题Which is not true in the following about Zeus?rC.He ruled the sea42．第75题Roman writers like Virgil and Ovid were famous as they ___.B.created an inspiring Greco-Roman mythology43．第76题The King James version of the Bible __.pleted in the 17 century44．第77题Which of the following is Not true about the king Herod?C.He killed all the boys where Jesus lived45．第78题Which of the following is Not included in the major themes of the New Testament? B.the human persons46．第79题Which of the following is Not true about Jesus?B.His real father was Joseph47．第80题The religious ministry of Jesus was followed by his 12 apostles for ___.D.Israel was made up of 12 tribes48．第81题Before the First Crusade, Jews__. C.were forced into the cities 49．第82题Overgrowth of population in Europe in the Late Middle Ages caused __.B.the shortage of food supply50．第83题Romanesque style appeared_. A.earlier than Gothic style51．第9题The historical narratives of the Old Testament are popular. T52．第10题The Roman Catholic version of the Old Testament is made up of the Jewish Bible and some other books. T53．第11题Early Christians regarded the Old Testament as an agreement God made through Moses. F54．第12题The Old Testament includes literature and oral tradition found in other ancient literature like that of Far East. F55．第15题The books of Deuteronomy recorded Israel's whole history. T56．第16题The major theological theme of the Old Testament is that Yahweh is the only God in the world. F57．第17题In the prophetic literature narratives predominate. F58．第18题The most significant part of the Jewish Bible is that of the poems.F59．第19题That the Roman Empire grew too large to control and to resist foreign invasions is the leading factor that contributed to the birth of the Byzantine, Islam and the west. T60．第20题Saints were considered as models of virtue.T61．第21题The Germans by no means traded with the Romans.F62．第22题The West featured unproductive land.T63．第28题Many scholars claim that much of the cultural dynamism of the Renaissance also had its roots in medieval times and that changes were rather abrupt than progressive. F64．第29题In the Middle Ages, people thought they were living in the Middle Ages.您的答案：错误65．第30题The Palestine of Jesus' day included Israel today.T66．第31题Renaissance humanists believed it was possible to improve human society through classical education.T67．第33题People in the early Middle Ages by no means cared about local leaders.您的答案：错误68．第51题In the Jewish Bible there are 27 books in Hebrew.F69．第52题In terms of literature, the Old Testament is an anthology because it is a collection of myths.F70．第53题All the narratives in the Old Testament may be called salvation stories because they are concerned with showing how human beings were freed from sin.F71．第54题Recently, scholars argue for the Hebrew cultural influence on apocalyptic literature.T72．第55题The Old Testament tells the true history of the Jews.F73．第56题Etiological stories are those which explain the origin of some place,practice or name.T74．第57题According to the Old Testament, Man is a unity of life and death.F 75．第58题Jesus lived in the early 1st century.T76．第59题Christianity was spread first by Jesus out of Palestine.F77．第60题The word renaissance means "renewal".F78．第61题Prosperous trading society is common to Byzantium, Islam and the West.您的答案：错误79．第62题Monasteries were by no means elements of religious life.F80．第63题Monks in the Merovingian time lived in the temples.F81．第64题Participants in the Renaissance came to the conclusion that their own commercial achievements rivaled those of antiquity.F82．第65题The Merovingians became more civilized after adopting Roman institutions.您的答案：正确83．第66题Renaissance refers to a series of political and religious movements in the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries F84．第84题The original language of the Old Testament is Latin. F85．第85题More accurately, the patriarchal stories in Genesis should be called families stories. T86．第86题The early Christian church included in the Christian Bible the written records of both the Old and the New Testament because it believed in the continuity of history and of divine activity. T87．第87题According to the author of the apocalyptic writings, Evil powers would struggle against God. T88．第88题The Christian Bible is made up of the Old Testament and the New Testament.您的答案：错误89．第89题That different from other creatures, man is a unity of physical matter andlife is one of the major theological themes of the Old Testament. F90．第90题The second law in the Old Testament refers to the book of Genesis.F 91．第91题The period of transformations of the Roman Empire into Middle Ages is often called the Late Antiquity.T92．第92题There were schools and universities located in city cathedrals in the Central Middle Ages.T93．第93题The common features of the Byzantine, Islam and the west are depopulated cities, unproductive land and fragmented power. F94．第94题Beginning in the 4th century, army units of German were welcomed into the Roman Empire to defend the Romans. T95．第95题The pope and the Byzantine church shared the same interpretationof Christianity. F96．第96题The Crusades by no means strengthened Byzantium. T97．第97题By any means, the Renaissance represents a change in focus and emphasis from the Middle Ages. T98．第98题The end of Byzantium marks the end of Middle Ages. T99．第99题Christians suffered persecution until the 4th century. T100．第100题By 750 the Muslims had subdued Turkey. F二1．第1题Many works of painting and sculpture have taken myths as their ___. C.subject2．第2题Herod was the king who was___ B.jealous of Jesus3．第3题Myths____. C.explain the origin of man and nature4．第4题Odysseus___ returned to his faithful wife after the ten-year Trojan War.C.was a Greek hero who5．第5题According to Greek mythology, Paris,___, which resulted in the Trojan war.A.son of King of Troy, abducted Helen, a Greek beauty6．第6题The early Hebrews___.A.concentrated on the role of a supreme god7．第7题Greek mythology relates the development of the order of the universeto_____ . C.Chaos8．第8题The Greeks’ sense of gods is shared by __. A.the Romans9．第9题Which of the following is not shared by Eve in Bible and Pandora in Greek myths? D.Being turned from immortal to mortal10．第10题The early Christians were against ___. D.pagan culture11．第11题Roman writers like Virgil and Ovid were famous as they ___.B.created an inspiring Greco-Roman mythology12．第12题Historical narrative is best represented in the New Testament by the___.C.Acts of the Apostles13．第13题Greek mythology reflects the following except_____ .D.how the Greeks interpreted the world as being orderly14．第14题The deeds of the heroes Heracles and Theseus embody the conflict between___.D.civilization and wild savagery15．第15题Which of the following is Not included in the major themes of the Old Testament? C.the Holy Spirit16．第16题In the New Testament Jesus was portrayed as the following figure except____.D.the almighty God17．第17题The Fourth Crusade in the 13th century was in fact__.B.turned into a siege of a Christian city18．第18题Black Death caused __.C.more harm in the cities19．第19题Magna Carta in 1215 in England was a document that __.D.spoke for the nobles20．第21题In the search for the Golden Fleece to regain his throne, Jason ____.C.fought against a dragon that never slept21．第22题A gospel in the New Testament ___.A.is a series of individual accounts of acts or sayings22．第23题The kingdom of God refers to__. B.the rule of God23．第24题Which of the following is Not true about monasteries?C.Monks did not have to work in the fields at all24．第25题The Spanish monarchy was __.A.set up by the Christians25．第26题The First Crusade was important because __.C.it was the first example of European expansionism26．第51题In the Middle Ages, the ancient myths___.C.were interpreted allegorically27．第52题According to Greek mythology, ___ opened a forbidden jar and happened to release the plagues into the world. A.Pandora28．第53题Scholars believe that Greek mythology__.B.was influenced by cultures in the Middle East29．第54题Greek mythology influenced Western culture in the following aspects except_. B.architecture30．第55题The name Jesus suggests__. B.that God saves us from sin31．第56题In the Age of Enlightenment, there was emphasis on____. B.rationality 32．第57题The Greeks imagined their gods to have human shape, which was__.D.strongly idealized33．第58题The 19th-century interpretation of myths became more___. C.scientific 34．第59题Which of the following is Not included in the major themes of the New Testament? B.the human persons35．第60题The ancient Greeks___.B.firmly believed myths to be true36．第61题According to Greek myths about creation, ____was the foundation of all things. D.Chaos37．第62题Which of the following is not true about the Greeks' belief in heroes?A.They were immortal38．第63题Roman mythology is actually___. B.not purely Roman39．第64题The religious ministry of Jesus was followed by his 12 apostles for ___.D.Israel was made up of 12 tribes40．第65题Jews in the cities were good at__. A.doing business41．第66题The chief point of Gregorian reform was to ___.B.make the church completely independent from the emperors42．第67题___ were regarded as heretics in the Middle Ages.B.Those who did not believe in Christianity43．第81题By a complex process of violence, struggle, and sexual attraction,__built up the power. B.Zeus44．第82题Which is not true in the following about the Titans?A.They were the Children of Zeus45．第83题The continuity of the New Testament with the Old is best shown in ___.A.its teaching about God46．第84题According to the New Testament, the central message of Jesus was__.A.the kingdom of God47．第85题Monasteries were made rich by__. D.the kings and nobles48．第86题The Late Middle Ages almost at the same time__.A.began with the Renaissance49．第87题In the Carolingian time popes__. B.were regarded as models of piety 50．第100题By myths the Greeks could do the following except____.D.replacing the roles of gods51．第20题Observing Sunday as a holy day is not included in the spiritual standards of the Old Testament. F52．第27题The original language of the Old Testament is Latin. F53．第28题In terms of literature, the Old Testament is an anthology because it is a collection of myths. F54．第29题The early Christian church included in the Christian Bible the written records of both the Old and the New Testament because it believed in the continuity of history and of divine activity. F55．第30题The Old Testament is a collection of books recording oral traditions in the Near East. T56．第31题In the development of the Old Testament all the books came into being after oral traditions. T57．第32题In the transformations of the Roman Empire into Middle Ages political and religious change occurred at the same time. T58．第33题The term Middle Ages was invented by people today. F59．第34题Christianity was spread first by Jesus out of Palestine. F60．第35题The era preceding the Renaissance became known as the Middle Ages. T 61．第36题The pope and the Byzantine church shared the same interpretationof Christianity. F62．第37题The Germans in Late Antiquity shared with the Romans culturally. F 63．第38题Separation of church and state remains the political practice in the western world today. T64．第39题The Old Testament is regarded as a book recording the past event of the Jewish people. F65．第40题All the narratives in the Old Testament may be called salvation stories because they are concerned with showing how human beings were freed from sin. F66．第41题The Protestant version of the Old Testament is made up of the Jewish Bible only. T7．第42题According to the Old Testament, Man is a unity of life and death. F 68．第43题There were schools and universities located in city cathedrals in the Central Middle Ages. TUnlike the Jews, the early Christians of the Roman Empire suffered persecution. F70．第45题The West featured unproductive land. T71．第46题Monasteries were by no means elements of religious life. F72．第47题By any means, the Renaissance represents a change in focus and emphasis from the Middle Ages. T73．第48题The Merovingians became more civilized after adopting Roman institutions.您的答案：正确74．第49题Renaissance refers to a series of political and religious movements in the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries F75．第50题Christians suffered persecution until the 4th century. T76．第68题The Roman Catholic version of the Old Testament is made up of the Jewish Bible and some other books. T77．第69题Hebrew prophetic books are made up of prophetic speeches. F78．第70题Many books in the Old Testament are narratives because they report the events in the past. T79．第71题Etiological stories are those which explain the origin of some place, practice or name. T80．第72题The most significant part of the Jewish Bible is that of the poems. T 81．第73题Jesus lived in the early 1st century. T82．第74题The West grew gradually independent of the papal control in the Late Middle Ages. T83．第75题The word renaissance originated in the belief that Europeans had rediscovered the superiority of Greek and Roman culture after many centuries of what they considered intellectual and cultural decline.您的答案：正确84．第76题Muhammad, the Islam leader, believed in one God that was different from the Jewish God. FParticipants in the Renaissance studied the great civilizations of ancient Israel and Greece. F86．第78题The Renaissance had enough unique qualities to justify considering it as a separate period of history. T87．第79题The Palestine of Jesus' day included Israel today. T88．第80题People in the Renaissance thought the time of Middle ages was more advanced than their own time. F89．第88题Prose is not the literary form found in the Old Testament. T90．第89题More accurately, the patriarchal stories in Genesis should be called families stories. T91．第90题The book of Genesis is composed of many individual stories. T92．第91题The apocalyptic writings concern the past events of the Jews. F 93．第92题Most of the prophetic books are Hebrew narratives in form. F94．第93题That the Roman Empire grew too large to control and to resist foreign invasions is the leading factor that contributed to the birth of the Byzantine, Islam and the west. T95．第94题Charlemagne’ empire was as large as the powerful Roman Empire. F 96．第95题Belief in the harmony between spiritual and worldly things is true of Byzantium, Islam, and the West. T97．第96题Byzantium was defeated by the Persians. F98．第97题Monks then by no means gave up material comfort. F99．第98题In the Middle Ages, people thought they were living in the Middle Ages.您的答案：错误100．第99题Constantine the Great declared Christianity as the only religion. F三1．第1题The Romans began to represent their gods in human form ___.D.after coming into contact with foreign culture2．第2题Which of the following is not true about the Greek culture?C.The Greeks honored the city's gods every day3．第3题Mythology has exerted a great influence on the arts in___.A.all parts of the world4．第4题___ is not included in Greek mythology as one of the three principal types of figures. B.the devils5．第5题A myth is ___. B.an oral literary work traditionally accepted 6．第6题The Greeks imagined their gods to have human shape, which was__.D.strongly idealized7．第7题Which of the following about Jesus is Not true according to the Gospels?C.He was the presence of God in the world8．第8题1066 marked the__. B.Norman Conquer of England9．第9题Overgrowth of population in Europe in the Late Middle Ages caused __.B.the shortage of food supply10．第10题On Mount Olympus were ___ major gods and goddesses known as the Olympians.B.twelve11．第11题Greek myths reflect Greeks' exploration of the followings except___. C.the mysterious outer space12．第12题Odysseus___ returned to his faithful wife after the ten-year Trojan War.C.was a Greek hero who13．第13题According to Greek mythology, Paris,___, which resulted in the Trojan war.A.son of King of Troy, abducted Helen, a Greek beauty14．第14题Roman writers like Virgil and Ovid were famous as they ___.B.created an inspiring Greco-Roman mythology15．第15题The deeds of the heroes Heracles and Theseus embody the conflict between___.D.civilization and wild savagery16．第16题The history of the English Bible is the history of the formation of the English language__.A.from a mixture of French, Anglo-Norman, and Anglo-Saxon;17．第17题William Tyndale translated the New Testament in the 16 century from ___.B.the Greek text18．第18题The chief point of Gregorian reform was to ___.B.make the church completely independent from the emperors19．第28题According to the New Testament the Christian church __.B.spoke more of the kingdom of God20．第29题Jews in the cities were good at__. A.doing business21．第30题___ were regarded as heretics in the Middle Ages.B.Those who did not believe in Christianity22．第41题Which is not true about the heroes in Greek mythology?B.They never die23．第42题Which is not true in the following about Zeus?C.He ruled the sea24．第43题Early Romans regarded their gods as__. C.powers25．第44题The ancient Greeks___. B.firmly believed myths to be true26．第45题The early Hebrews___.A.concentrated on the role of a supreme god27．第46题In the search for the Golden Fleece to regain his throne, Jason ____.C.fought against a dragon that never slept28．第47题A gospel in the New Testament ___.A.is a series of individual accounts of acts or sayings29．第48题The religious ministry of Jesus was followed by his 12 apostles for ___.D.Israel was made up of 12 tribes30．第49题The Spanish monarchy was __.A.set up by the Christians31．第57题Which of the following is not true about the Greeks?A.They produced their sacred written text like the Bible32．第58题According to Greek myths about creation, ____was the foundation of all things. D.Chaos33．第59题Common types of myths exclude___. D.myths of mortals34．第63题Which is not true in the following about the Titans?A.They were the Children of Zeus35．第64题The King James version of the Bible __.pleted in the 17 century36．第65题The kingdom of God refers to__. B.the rule of God37．第66题William Tyndale translated the Old Testament in the 16 century from ___.C.the Hebrew text38．第67题The Late Middle Ages almost at the same time__.A.began with the Renaissance39．第68题In the 13th century, many schools _.B.gave way to universities40．第79题Many works of painting and sculpture have taken myths as their ___. C.subject41．第80题The 20th-century scholars on myths pay closer attention to___.D.the content of the narratives42．第81题Scholars believe that Greek mythology__.B.was influenced by cultures in the Middle East43．第82题Greek mythology influenced Western culture in the following aspects except_. B.architecture44．第83题No hero of Greek mythology has proved more fascinating than Oedipus for __.A.he fulfilled the prophecy of killing his father and marrying his mother 45．第84题The 19th-century interpretation of myths became more___.C.scientific46．第85题The first complete English Bible was the work of translation by John Wycliffe from___. B.the Greek text47．第86题Mary's pregnancy to Joseph, her husband, was ___. B.a luck48．第87题Which of the following is Not true about monasteries?C.Monks did not have to work in the fields at all49．第88题Black Death caused __. C.more harm in the cities50．第89题Jews in the cities were__. D.persecuted by Christians51．第19题The Old Testament is regarded as a book recording the past event of the Jewish people. F52．第20题The Old Testament includes literature and oral tradition found in other ancient literature like that of Far East. F53．第21题The Old Testament tells the true history of the Jews. F54．第22题The Throne Succession History of David in the Old Testament comes closer to the modern understanding of history. T55．第23题The apocalyptic writings arose in Israel after the Egyptian Captivity of the Jews. F56．第24题Renaissance classical education relied on teachings from ancient texts and emphasized a range of disciplines, including electronics, electricity, physiology, and philosophy. F57．第25题Byzantium was defeated by the Persians. F58．第26题The end of Byzantium marks the end of Middle Ages. T59．第27题Christians considered pagan gods supernatural. F60．第31题The most significant part of the Christian Old Testament lies in books on laws T.61．第32题The apocalyptic writings concern the past events of the Jews. F 62．第33题Early Christians regarded the New Testament as an agreement God made with Adam and Eve. F63．第34题The second law in the Old Testament refers to the book of Genesis. F 64．第35题According to the Old Testament, Man is a unity of life and death. F65．第36题The era preceding the Renaissance became known as the Middle Ages. T 66．第37题Monasteries were by no means elements of religious life. F67．第38题The pope & the Byzantine church began their conflict in AD 1054. F 68．第39题Monks then by no means gave up material comfort. F69．第40题The Palestine of Jesus' day included Israel today. T70．第50题In the Jewish Bible there are 27 books in Hebrew. F71．第51题The early Christian church included in the Christian Bible the written records of both the Old and the New Testament because it believed in the continuity of history and of divine activity. T72．第52题Recently, scholars argue for the Hebrew cultural influence on apocalyptic literature. T73．第53题The major theological theme of the Old Testament is that Yahweh is the only God in the world. F74．第54题According to the Old Testament, Moses was a prophet. T75．第55题The most significant part of the Jewish Bible is that of the poems. F 76．第56题Christianity was spread first by Jesus out of Palestine. F77．第60题Muhammad, the Islam leader, believed in one God that was different from the Jewish God. F78．第61题Separation of church and state remains the political practice in the western world today. T79．第62题Christians suffered persecution until the 4th century. T80．第69题In terms of literature, the Old Testament is an anthology because it is a collection of myths. F81．第70题All the narratives in the Old Testament may be called salvation stories because they are concerned with showing how human beings were freed from sin. F82．第71题。
《欧洲文化入门》试题及重点内容归纳总结(完整版)
《欧洲文化入门》第一部分试题I. Choose the most appropriate one for the following blanks.1 . Two maj or elements in European culture are ____.A. the Greek and RomanB. the Judaism and ChristianityC. the Greco-RomanD. A and B2. ____ deals with the Troj an War (the Greek states led by Agamemnon in their war against the city of Troy ).A. The OdysseyB. The IliadC. Prometheus BoundD. Persians3. The play Prometheus Bound was written by _____.A. AeschylusB. AristophanesC. EuripidesD. Sophocles4. The best writer of comedy of the ancient Greece was ____ , who is Father of Comedy.A. EuripidesB. AristophanesC. SophoclesD. Aeschylus5. ____ was one of the earliest exponents of the atomic theory.A. HomeB. HeracleitueC. DemocritusD. Socrates6, ____by Plato is a book about the ideal state ruled by a philosopher but barring poets.A. DialoguesB. The ApologyC. The RepublicD. Symposium7. Dante called ____ “ the master of those who know”.A, Aristotle B. Plato C. Socrates D. Archimedes8. Euclid is even now well-known for his ____.A. ElementsB. PoeticsC. EthicsD. Politics9. ____ has been a big subj ect for discussion among writers and artists.A, Discus Thrower B, Venus de MiloC, Laocoon group D, Parthenon1 0. Herodotus , Father of History, wrote about the war between ____ .A. Athens and SpartaB. Athens and SyracuseC. Athens and PersiansD. Greeks and Persians11 . It is _____ who was the founder of scientific mathematics.A. HeracleitusB. AristotleC. SocratesD. Pythagoras1 2. Octavius took supreme power as emperor with the title of ____ in 27 B. C. .A. RomeB. AugustusC. The Roman EmpireD. Pax Romana1 3. The great epic, The Aeneid, was written by _____.A. LucretiusB. VirgilC. Julius CaesarD. Cicero1 4. The oldest and most important of the Old Testament of 39 books are the first five books, called ____.A. DeuteronomyB. ExodusC. the PentateuchD. Genesis1 5. In ____ the Jews were carried away into the Babylonian Captivity(巴比伦之囚).A. 1 69B.C. B. 586 B. C. C. 536 B. C. D, 721 B. C.1 6. The most important and influential of English Bible is ____, first published in 1 611 .A. The SeptuagintB. The VulgateC. Wycliff’s versionD. Authorized version11 7. ____ is the oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament.A. The SeptuagintB. The VulgateC. Wycliff’s versionD. Authorized version1 8. It is generally accepted that ____ and Shakespeare are two great reserviors of Modern English.A. the BibleB. the English BibleC. the New TestamentD. the Old Testament1 9. The Middle Ages is a period in which _____ , _____ and Gothic heritages merged.A. Greco-Roman, ChristianityB. classical, ChristianC. Greek, RomanD. classical, Hebrew20. The centre of medieval life under feudalism was _____.A. knighthoodB. the manorC. the ChurchD. polis21 . In 1 054, the Christian Church was divided into ____ and the Eastern Orthodox Church.A. ChristianityB. the Roman ChurchC. the Roman Catholic ChurchD. the Western Catholic22. _____ by Aquinas forms an enormous system and sums up all the knowledge of medieval theology.A. Summa TheologicaB. Summa Contra GentilesC. Opus maiusD. Beowulf23. The Anglo-Saxon epic ____ originated from the collective effort of oral literature.A. Song of RolandB. the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.C. BeowulfD. the Divine Comedy24. Generally speaking, Renaissance refers to the period between ____.centuries《欧洲文化入门》重点归纳1、There are many elements constituting(组成) European Culture.2、There are two major elements: Greco-Roman element and Judeo-Christian element.3、The richness(丰富性) of European Culture was created by Greco-Roman element and Judeo-Christian element.第一章1、The 5th century closed with civil war between Athens and Sparta.2、The economy of Athens rested on(依赖) an immense（无限的）amount of slave labour.3、Olympus mount, Revived in 1896(当代奥运会)4、Ancient Greece(古希腊)’s epics was created by Homer.5、They events of Homer’s own time. (错)（They are not about events of Ho mer’s own time, probably in the period 1200-1100 B.C.）6、The Homer’s epics consisted of Iliad and Odyssey.7、Agamemnon, Hector, Achilles are in Iliad.8、Odysseus and Penelope are in Odyssey.9、Odyssey(对其作品产生影响)—→James Joyoe’s Ulysses(描述一天的生活). In the 20th century.10、Drama in Ancient Greece was floured in the 5th century B.C.11、三大悲剧大师① Aeschylus《Prometheus Bound》—→模仿式作品Shelly《Prometheus Unbound》② Sophocles(之首)《Oedipus the King》—→ Freud’s “the Oedipus complex” (恋母情结) —→ David Herbert Lawrence’s《Sons and lovers》(劳伦斯)447页③ EuripidesA．《Trojan Women》B．He is the first writer of “problem plays”(社会问题剧)在肖伯纳手中达到高潮，属于存在主义戏剧的人物C．Elizabeth Browning called him “Euripides human”(一个纯粹的人)D．Realism can be traced back(追溯到) to the Ancient Greece.To be specific(具体来说), Euripides.12、The only representative of Greek comedy is Aristophanes. 18页Aristophanes writes about nature. —→浪漫主义湖畔派（The lakers）华兹华兹(新古典主义代表作家《格列夫游记》《大人国小人国》《温和的提议》用讽刺的写作手法)13、History (Historical writing)史学创作※ “Father of History” —→ Herodotu s —→ war(between Greeks and Persians)This war is called Peleponicion wars. 博罗奔泥撒，3只是陈述史实，并没有得出理论。
欧洲文化入门
作业1．第1题The Council of Constance markedA.the largest religious gathering of the Late Middle Ages.B.the end of the Western Schism.C.the success in dealing with the problems of heresy.D.the success in dealing with the problems of the church reform.您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.02．第2题Which form of literature was unpopular in the medieval Islamic world?A.poetryB.proseC.historyD.drama您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.03．第3题All the following statements featured the Capetian kings of France,EXCEPTA.The Capetian kings established strong royal power by conquest, asWilliam had done in EnglandB.They kept the support of the popes by defending the Christian faithand by going on crusades.C.They carefully defined the powers of their officials and closelysupervised them, while using church officials as administratorsD.They developed Paris as both a trading center and a royal capital您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.04．第4题It was during the ____ that the Romans were defeated by the famous Carthaginian general Hannibal.A.the 1st Punic WarB.the 2nd Punic WarC.the 3rd Punic WarD.the 4th Punic War您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.05．第5题What is the Central Middle Ages also called?A.“Age of Art”B.“Age of History”C.“Age of Faith”D.“ Age of Science”您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.06．第13题The Hundred Years’ War arose from the following causes, EXCEPT,A.The territorial disputes between England and France.B.The clash of economic interest in Flanders.C.Famine, plague, economic turmoil, social upheaval.D.The dispute over the French royal succession.您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.07．第14题All of the following statements about slavery in Roman society are true EXCEPT____.A.Wars provided the Romans with many new slaves.B.Slavery was a highly productive economic system.C.The offspring of slaves would automatically be slaves.D.Like in Sparta, slaves in Rome were public goods.您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.08．第15题Which description of the traditional Greek religion is incorrect?A.Ancient Greeks believed that the gods have human forms and human personality.B.For the Greeks, the gods only favored those people and states that honored them.C.In ancient Greece, the main religious ceremony took place inside the temple.D.Oracles also played an important part in the Greek religion and beliefs.您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.09．第16题The Black Death struck a serious blow to the Catholic Church in the following ways, EXCEPTA.The Church failed to explain why God willed this awful punishment on His followers.B.Many clergy stuck to their Christian duties and died.C.There was a severe shortage of clergy.D.Church was unable to cure the plague victims.您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.010．第17题Concerning the economy of the Byzantine Empire, Islamic Empire and western Europe during the Middle Ages, which statement is NOT true?A.Byzantine had the most powerful economy in the world before the 7th century.B.Islamic economy in the 7th century was already very prosperous.C.Islamic Empire had the world’s leading economy during the mid-8th and mid-13th century.D.Western Europe overtook Byzantine in economy in the late Middle Ages.您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.011．第18题Which of the following reform measures resulted in the moral decline of the Romans?A.limiting the amount of land owned by individual citizensB.selling grain at a low price to citizensC.distributing public land to landless citizensD.cutting down land taxes or rent您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.012．第19题Which one of the following statements about the Black Death is NOT true?A.It is estimated to have killed 30% –60% of Europe’s population.B.The death rate in some larger cities in Italy may have been as high as 60 percent.C.In northern France, villages suffered mortality rates of 30 percent, and cities experienced losses as high as 40 percent.D.Death caused by the Black Death worsened the situation of surviving peasants and laborers.您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.013．第20题Which one of the following statements about the Code of Hammurabi was NOT true?A.The Code helped Hammurabi consolidate his rule in the Mesopotamia.B.The Code was based on the principle of retaliation.C.Everyone received equal punishment for the same crime committed.D.The Code was written in the Akhadian language.您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.014．第21题Britain was turned into a Roman province in ________.A.the 1st centuryB.C.B.the 1st centuryC.the 2nd centuryD.the 3rd century.您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.015．第22题Which of the following is true about the central argument of the Ninety-Five Theses?A.The Ninety-Five Theses marks the beginning of the Reformation.B.It was an effort to draw attention to the corruption of the Church.C.Repentance has the same power of the pope to forgive sins.D.The sale of indulgences went against the true spirit of Christianity.您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.016．第30题Which one of the following statements was NOT a factor that brought about the agricultural growth during the Central Middle Ages?A.The climate improved and the temperature was higher.B.More lands were under cultivated.C.Farming technology improved greatly.D.The food price dropped drastically.您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.017．第31题Three of the following statements are true with the early experience of Christianity. Which one is the exception?A.Unlike the Jews, the early Christians of the Roman Empire suffered persecution.B.Christianity was not the official religion of the Roman Empire until the 4th century.C.Christianity spread in the cities of the empire, first in the east and later in the west.D.It was Constantine’s toleration for all religions that brought new life to Christianity.您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.018．第32题Which of the following statements about art in the Central Middle Ages is NOT true?A.Architecture was the foremost art form.B.Schools were the primary focus of architectural endeavors.C.Architecture integrated all the visual arts in presentations ofChristianity’s rich symbolic and spiritual values.D.Other arts were used to decorate churches with sculpture and painting, woodcarving and metalwork, and stained glass.您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.019．第33题Which factor directly resulted in the first great split in Christianity in 1054?A.The rulers of most European peoples adopted Christianity for themselves and their subjectsB.The invasions from Vikings and Magyars not only destroyed many churches and monasteries but also greatly damaged the church institutionsC.There were few schools to train clergy, and many church officers were shallow and incompetentD.Pope Leo IX asserted the supreme authority of the papacy and clashed with the Patriarch of Constantinople Michael Cerularius您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.020．第34题Which one does NOT indicate that Euripides was the most revolutionary dramatist in ancient Greece?A.His creation of less heroic and more realistic characters.B.His sharp criticism of conventional values.C.His view of the human soul as a place where opposing forces struggle.D.His use of graceful language and perfect form.您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.021．第35题Which of the following is NOT true about Emperor Constantine the Great?A.He concentrated power in his own hands.B.He made Christianity the state religion.C.He abandoned Rome as the imperial capital.D.He tolerated all religions in the Roman Empire.您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.022．第36题The following statements about the English Peasants’ Revolt of 1381 are true EXCEPT ______.A.It accomplished its objectives.B.It received help from members of the noble classesC.It succeeded in showing the nobles what peasants were capable of when dissatisfied.D.It marked the beginning of the end of serfdom in medieval England.您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.023．第37题Alcuin established ______ as the basis for education during the Carolingian renaissance.A.the Carolingian minusculeB.trivium and quadriviumC.medieval LatinD.biblical texts您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.024．第38题Magna Carta in 1215 in England was significant in that it __.A.really weakened the power of the churchB.spoke for the common peopleC.really weakened the power of the kingD.spoke for the nobles您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.025．第39题Luther further explained his doctrine of faith and justification in ______________.A.The Liberty of the Christian ManB.Address to the Nobility of the German NationC.The Babylonian Captivity of the ChurchD.the Ninety-Five Theses题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.026．第46题In the Early Middle Ages, the Roman Church and the Eastern Church were divided over the following issues EXCEPT for ______.A.IconoclasmB.official languageC.explanation of the Holy SpiritD.baptism您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.027．第47题What was the main difference between serfs and slaves in Western Europe?A.the amount of personal libertyB.the hereditary personal statusC.the military protection provided by the lordD.the obligation to work on the land您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.028．第48题Which description of the Hellenistic civilization is incorrect?A.It was a cosmopolitan and open culture.B.It was a mixture of Greek and Oriental cultures.C.It helped to popularize Greek thinking and life styles.D.Its commercial, cultural and intellectual centre was Athens.您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.029．第49题Compared with Italian Renaissance, Northern Renaissance had the following distinctive features except for ______.A.strong national flavorB.great religious concernC.influence of classicismD.belief in Christian humanism题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.030．第50题What were the three classes of people in the Central Middle Ages?A.Pope, peasants and noblesB.kings, lords and monksC.clergy, lords and peasantsD.warriors, peasants and priest您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.031．第6题Martin Luther first expressed his idea of reforming the Church by criticizing the sale of indulgences.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.032．第7题After Christianity became the state religion of the Roman Empire in the 4th century, all other religious beliefs disappeared.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.033．第8题An important product of vernacular romance literature was the Romance of the Rose.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.034．第9题What really triggered off the English Peasants’ Revolt of 1381 was an attempt to collect a new type of national tax to pay for the failing war with France.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.035．第10题Ptolemy’s geocentric theory remained very popular in Europe for centuries.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.036．第11题All Egyptian gods have a human body and an animal head.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.037．第12题It was only in the 16th century that the Church of Rome’s monopoly began to meet the challenge for religious reform.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.038．第23题Florence was the major centre of the High Renaissance Art at the early 16th century.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.039．第24题The Vikings originated from the Scandinavian Peninsula and included Danes, Norwegians, Swedes and Magyars.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.040．第25题Muhammad was not only a prophet, but also a political and military leader.您的答案：正确此题得分：2.041．第26题The Italian Renaissance was largely credited to the economic success in Italy at that time.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.042．第27题In the Roman Empire, a foreign soldier could earn citizenship through his military service.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.043．第28题Mount Olympus is the highest point in Greece and home of the mythical Greek gods. ？您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.044．第29题Reading of the Bible and his theological teaching made clearer Luther’s idea about the malpractices of the Church.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.045．第40题Romance combined features of both vernacular epic and vernacular lyric.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.046．第41题It was the Sumerians who first started systematic agriculture.您的答案：正确此题得分：2.047．第42题Before the Carolingian renaissance, cultural and educational standards in Western Europe had already surpassed those of the Byzantine Empire or Muslim world.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.048．第43题During the period of the Five Good Emperors, smooth hereditary succession guaranteed political stability.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.049．第44题Similar to all ancient agricultural societies, ancient Egyptians also divided a year into four seasons.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.050．第45题The Minoan civilization is often regarded as the first advanced civilization of Europe.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.0作业总得分：90.0作业总批注：。
王佐良《欧洲文化入门》章节题库(中世纪时代)【圣才出品】
第3章中世纪时代一、选择题1. Socrates was _____.A. the teacher of AristotleB. the student of PlatoC. the teacher of PlatoD. the student of Aristotle【答案】C【解析】苏格拉底是柏拉图的老师。
2. One of the contributions the Romans made to European culture was _____.A. the Roman empireB. the slave systemC. the production of the great epic writerD. the Roman law【答案】D【解析】罗马人对欧洲文化所做的贡献之一是罗马法律。
3. The Book of Daniel describes _____.A. the struggle of the Jews against the Syrian ruleB. the prisoners in BabylonC. the story of Noah’s ArkD. the rule of King Solomon【答案】A【解析】《丹尼尔之书》描述了犹太人为反抗叙利亚人的统治而进行的斗争。
4. The Old Testament was originally written in _____.A. HebrewB. Aramaic dialectC. GreekD. Latin【答案】A【解析】旧约原著于希伯来地区。
5. Which of the following is not included in the Code of Chivalry?A. Loyalty to his lord.B. Fighting for the church.C. Protection of the people.D. Respect for women of noble birth.【答案】C【解析】骑士精神包括：忠于领主，为教会而战，尊重身份高贵的女士。
欧洲入门文化试题及答案
作业1．第15题New schools in the Central Middle Ages attracted__.A.local teachers onlyB.local students onlyC.teachers all over EuropeD.wealthy merchants only答案:C标准答案：C您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.02．第23题The images of Cronus and Rhea reflect ___________.A.the matriarchal social system in Ancient GreeceB.the patriarchal social system in Ancient GreeceC.the communal marriage in the primitive societyD.the communal structure in the primitive society答案:C标准答案：C您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.03．第24题Common types of myths exclude___.A.cosmic mythsB.myths of the godsC.myths of heroesD.myths of mortals答案:D标准答案：D您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.04．第36题According to the New Testament the Christian church __.A.identified itself as the kingdomB.spoke more of the kingdom of GodC.spoke more of salvationD.spoke more of material comfort答案:C标准答案：C您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.05．第37题The First Crusade was important because __.A.it conquered the land of the MuslimsB.the Pope rescued the Byzantine EmpireC.it was the first example of European expansionismD.the Byzantine Empire defeated the Muslims finally答案:C标准答案：C您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.06．第45题Early Romans regarded their gods as__.A.personsB.powers as well as personsC.powersD.powerful persons答案:C标准答案：C您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.07．第55题Roman mythology is actually___.A.of Greek cultureB.not purely RomanC.from African cultureD.of Asian nature答案:B标准答案：B您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.08．第56题Odysseus___ returned to his faithful wife after the ten-year Trojan War.A.was a Greek prince whoB.was a Trojan prince whoC.was a Greek hero whoD.was a Trojan hero who答案:C标准答案：C您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.09．第57题Scholars believe that Greek mythology__.A.influenced cultures in the Middle EastB.was influenced by cultures in the Middle EastC.affected African culturesD.was affected by African cultures答案:B标准答案：B您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.010．第58题According to Greek mythology ___, which goes well with the idea of Daoism in China.A.something can be produced from nothingB.ancient Greece was a matriarchal societymunal marriage was prevalent in Ancient GreeceD.farming was the mode of production in Ancient Greece答案:A标准答案：A您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.011．第59题The first complete English Bible was the work of translation by John Wycliffe from___.A.the Latin textB.the Greek textC.the Hebrew textD.the French text答案:A标准答案：A您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.012．第60题Which of the following is Not true about Christianity in the 3rd century?A.Christianity reached EnglandB.The Bible remained in LatinC.The Bible was in the hands of the church;D.The Bible in English began to spread in England答案:D标准答案：D您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.013．第61题According to the New Testament, the central message of Jesus was__.A.the kingdom of GodB.the human personsC.the Holy SpiritD.God答案:A标准答案：A您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.014．第62题In the New Testament Jesus was portrayed as the following figure except____.A.a prophetB.the second AdamC.the Son of GodD.the almighty God答案:D标准答案：D您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.015．第63题William Tyndale translated the Old Testament in the 16 century from___.A.the Latin textB.the Greek textC.the Hebrew textD.the French text答案:C标准答案：C您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.016．第16题In Virgil's Aeneid,Juno was described as the wife of Zeus in Greek mythology.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.017．第17题The historical narratives of the Old Testament are popular.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.018．第18题Jupiter was the protector of the Roman state.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：1.019．第19题The book of Genesis is composed of many individual stories.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.020．第20题The Old Testament tells the true history of the Jews.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.021．第21题The Throne Succession History of David in the Old Testament comes closer to the modern understanding of history.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.022．第22题The second law in the Old Testament refers to the book of Genesis.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：1.023．第25题Hebrew prophetic books are made up of prophetic speeches.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.024．第26题The early Christian church included in the Christian Bible the written records of both the Old and the New Testament because it believed in the continuity of history and of divine activity.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.025．第27题There are ten major spiritual standards in the Old Testament.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.026．第28题The end of Byzantium marks the end of Middle Ages.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：此题得分：0.027．第29题Practical advice for living a successful life is one of the general thems of the Hebrew wisdom poetry.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.028．第30题In the transformations of the Roman Empire into Middle Ages political and religious change occurred at the same time.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.029．第31题The word renaissance means "renewal".答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.030．第32题The West featured unproductive land.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.031．第33题Muhammad, the Islam leader, believed in one God that was different from the Jewish God.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.032．第34题Participants in the Renaissance came to the conclusion that their own commercial achievements rivaled those of antiquity.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.033．第35题Renaissance humanists believed it was possible to improve human society through classical education.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.034．第38题The twins Romulus and Remus were lucky enough to be saved and cared for by a she-wolf.标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.035．第39题More accurately, the patriarchal stories in Genesis should be called families stories.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.036．第46题To the early Romans, gods were holy forces.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.037．第47题The ancient Romans believed a god is almighty.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.038．第48题In the prophetic literature narratives predominate.标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.039．第49题Charlemagne’ empire was as large as the powerful Roman Empire.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.040．第50题The Byzantine Empire lost huge portions of territory to the Persians.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.041．第51题Renaissance began in Italy.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.042．第52题In the Middle Ages, people thought they were living in the Middle Ages. 答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.043．第53题Christians suffered persecution until the 4th century.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.044．第1题That women _________ in childbirth is God's punishment of man, according to the Bible.答案:suffer pain标准答案：suffer pain您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.045．第2题The monarchy of Israel arose in the ___.答案:1100 BC标准答案：1100 BC您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.046．第3题Roman emperors enjoyed almost unlimited power, so they _____ holy honors eventually.答案:accepted标准答案：accepted您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.047．第4题The Holy Roman emperor is viewed as a Christian __.答案:emperor标准答案：emperor您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.048．第5题The Europeans revived cities to remade their world fromthe 11th century on.答案:old标准答案：old您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.049．第6题The Greatest Commandment in the New Testament is that you should love ___________ as yourself with all your heart.答案:God and people标准答案：God and people您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.050．第7题he early Christians banned _______.答案:paganism标准答案：paganism您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.051．第8题The Carolingian Renaissance was aimed at fulfilling the goal of creating an orderly and unified Christian ___.答案:empire标准答案：empire您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.052．第9题Monarchy can _________ the nation.答案:unify标准答案：unify您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.053．第10题Each part of a house had a god associated with it in __________mythology.答案:Roman标准答案：Roman您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.054．第11题Adam called his wife Eve because she was__.答案:the mother of all living标准答案：the mother of all living您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.055．第12题In answer to God's call, Abraham left home,for the __. 答案:South标准答案：South您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.056．第13题To unify the empire Charlemagne first relied on _.答案:Christianity标准答案：Christianity您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.057．第14题The breakup of the Carolingian Empire was caused by the Vikings and the __答案:Magyars标准答案：Magyars您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.058．第40题New schools in the 11th century were located in city __答案:cathedrals标准答案：cathedrals您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.059．第41题In the Central Middle Ages peasants were to make new lands.答案:encouraged标准答案：encouraged您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.060．第42题The Carolingians subdued the ___.答案:Merovingians标准答案：Merovingians您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.061．第43题The Holy Roman Empire lasted over years. 答案:500标准答案：500您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.062．第44题Charlemagne means Charles ___.答案:the Great标准答案：the Great您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.063．第54题Charlemagne set ___as his model.答案:Constantine标准答案：Constantine您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.0作业总得分：16.0 作业总批注：。
(0174)《欧洲文化入门》网上作业题及答案
[0174]《欧洲文化入门》第一批[论述题]1.The Bible2. Renaissance参考答案：[判断题]12. Throughout his life, Peter Paul Rubens did 1,204 paintings and 300 drawings, something that is unprecedented in the history of art.参考答案：正确[判断题]14. Black Humor is a kind of desperate humor. It is the laughter at tragic things. Man's fate is decided by comprehensible powers. We can't do anything about it, therefore we may as well laugh.参考答案：错误[判断题]10. Baroque art, flourished first in Spain was characterized by Dramatic intensity and sentimental appeal with a lot of emphasis on light and color.参考答案：错误[判断题]15. Expressionist art is marked by the expression of reality by means of distortion to communicate one's inner vision. The artists of this school used bright colors to bring out their pessimistic views on life.参考答案：正确[判断题]7. The Gothic style started in France, quickly spread through all parts of western Europe and flourished and lasted from the mid-12th to the end of 15th century and, in some areas, into the 17th .参考答案：错误[判断题]6. Charlemagne wanted to rule as the emperors of Rome had done in ancient times and eventually was crowned " Emperor of the Romans” by himself in 800.参考答案：错误[判断题]5. The Bible is much more than a religious book; it is really an encyclopedia: history, literature, philosophy and record of great minds.参考答案：正确[判断题]4. Roman law eventually became the core of modern civil and commercial law in many Western countries.参考答案：正确[判断题]3. Venus de Milo was discovered in the island of Milo in 1920.参考答案：错误[判断题]2. Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece.参考答案：正确[判断题]1. Homer's epics described the events of Homer's own time.参考答案：错误[判断题]13. Marxism was linked to a great intellectual tradition extending into the 18th century French Enlightenment, German post-Kantian philosophy, English classical political economy, andearly 18th century European socialism.参考答案：错误[判断题]9. It is generally believed that modern philosophy begins with Francis Bacon in England and wi th RenéDescartes in France.参考答案：正确[判断题]8. In the period of Renaissance, where the impact with Italy was most strongly felt in fine arts, in France it was literature and in England it was philosophy and drama.参考答案：正确[判断题]11. Christopher Columbus was discoverer of the New World and the American continent was named after him.参考答案：错误第二批[论述题]1.John Lock2.Lugwig von Beethoven参考答案：[单选题]1. Two major elements in European culture are ____.A：the Greek and RomanB：the Judaism and ChristianityC：the Greco-RomanD：both A and B参考答案：D[单选题]2. The best writer of comedy of the ancient Greece was ____ , who is Father of Comedy. A：UripidesB：AristophanesC：SophoclesD：Aeschylus参考答案：B[单选题]3. In _____ the West Roman Empire ended when the last emperor of the West was deposed by the Goths.A：27 B.CB：395C：476D：1453参考答案：C[单选题]4. The most important and influential of English Bible is ____, first published in 1611. A：The SeptuagintB：The VulgateC：Wycliff’s versionD：Authorized version参考答案：D[单选题]5. ____ in a few hundred years were to grow into the nations known as England, France, Spain, Italy and Germany.A：Germanic tribesB：The HunsC：The Anglo-SaxonsD： The Visigoths参考答案：A[单选题]6. Dante Alighieri's masterpiece , _____, is one of the landmarks of world literature. A： Song of RolandB：the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.C：BeowulfD： the Divine Comedy参考答案：D[单选题]7. After the 16-century Reformation, _____ came into being.A：ChristianityB：CalvinC：LutheranD：Protestantism参考答案：D[单选题]8. ____ was the first Russian author to gain recognition in the West.A：Nikolai GogolB：Ivan Sergeyevich TurgenevC：Fyodor DostoyevskyD： Count Leo Tolstoy参考答案：B[单选题]9. _____ was made up of many facets, such as symbolism, surrealism, cubism, expressionism, futurism, etc.A：RealismB：NaturalismC：ModernismD：Impressionism参考答案：C[单选题]10.Sholokhov established an international reputation for his monumental novel of Cossack life, _____ , written between 1925 and 1940.A： My ApprenticeshipB： The StrangerC：The Quiet DonD：Remembrance of Things Past参考答案：C第三批[论述题]1. Church of England（英国国教）2. The Spirit of Laws（《法意》）3. Aristotle（亚里士多德）4. Beowulf （《贝奥武夫》）5. the Authorized or King James version of the Bible（ "钦定圣经”）参考答案：第四批[论述题]1. Francesco Petrarch （彼特拉克）2. John Locke （洛克）3. Black Humour（黑色幽默）4. Cubism （立体派）参考答案：第五批[论述题]Marxism参考答案：[判断题]10. The term " Angry Young Man” came to be widely used only after the publication of John Osborne's play Look Back in Anger (1956).参考答案：正确[判断题]9. Samuel Beckett's masterpiece was a play called Waiting for Godot (1952), which was remembered as one of the most famous Absurd Drama.参考答案：正确[判断题]8. Sholokhov established an international reputation for his monumental novel of Cossack life, The Quiet Don, written between 1925 and 1940.参考答案：正确[判断题]7. T.S. Eliot's long poem the Waste Land is his major contribution to English poetry. 参考答案：正确[判断题]6. Dubliners by James Joyce is considered his most mature work and the single best fiction ever written since the beginning of the 20th century.参考答案：错误[判断题]5. In Freudian system, Id is the container of the instinctual urges.参考答案：正确[判断题]4. Realism was made up of many facets, such as symbolism, surrealism, cubism, expressionism, futurism, etc.参考答案：错误[判断题]3. The term " impressionism” was taken directly from the title of Manet's Impressionism: Sunrise (1872).参考答案：错误[判断题]2.Diogenes is chiefly noted for his doctrine that " man is the measure of all th ings.”参考答案：错误[判断题]1. Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece.参考答案：正确第六批[判断题]10. Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 is a choral symphony, choosing as a text for the finale Shiller's Ode to Joy.参考答案：正确[判断题]9. Delacroix was among the first ones in European art history to comment in his art on the events of the day.参考答案：正确[判断题]8. Goya was among the first ones in European art history to comment in his art on the events of the day.参考答案：正确[判断题]7. The publication of Mickiewicz's Sonnets from the Crimea _____ is uaually taken as the beginning of Romanticism in Polish literature.参考答案：错误[判断题]6. Pushkin stood in the van of the Romantic movement in Russia, Eugene Onegin is generally recognized as his masterpiece.参考答案：正确[判断题]5. In 1798, Songs of Experience , a volume of poems by Wordsworth and Coleridge, made literary history.参考答案：错误[判断题]4. Romanticism, which developed in Europe in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, started from the ideas of Rousseau, in France and from the Storm and Stress movement in Germany. 参考答案：正确[判断题]3. Nikolai Gogol was the first master of fiction in Russia to leave romantic conventions and go to life for his subjects.参考答案：正确[判断题]2. Zola defined the theory of realism and illustrated it in his great work entitled the Human Comedy参考答案：错误[判断题]1. In Europe, the realist movement arose in the 50s of the 19th century and had its origin in France.参考答案：正确[论述题]1.Dadaism2. The Human Comedy参考答案：。
西南大学《欧洲文化入门》网上作业及参考答案
1：[论述题]1.The Bible2. Renaissance参考答案：1. The Bible is the various collections of sacred scripture of the various branchesof Judaism and Christianity. The Bible, in its various editions, is the best-selling book in history. he Christian Bible (sometimes known as the Holy Bible) is divided into two parts. The first is called the Old Testament, containing the 39 books of Hebrew Scripture, and the second portion is called the New Testament, containing a set of 27 books. The first four books of the New Testament form the Canonical gospels which recount the life of Christ and are central to the Christian faith.2. The Renaissance is acultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Florence in the Late Middle Agesand later spreading to the rest of Europe. The term is also used more loosely to refer to the historic era, but since the changes of the Renaissance were not uniform across Europe, this is a general use of the term. As a cultural movement, it encompassed a resurgence of learning based on classical sources, the development of linear perspectivein painting, and gradual butwidespread educational reform. The Renaissance was a cultural movement that profoundly affected European intellectual life in the early modern period. Beginning in Italy, and spreading to the rest of Europe by the 16th century, its influenceaffected literature, philosophy, art, politics, science,religion, and other aspects of intellectual inquiry. Renaissance scholars employed thehumanist method in study, and searched for realism and human emotion in art.2：[判断题]参考答案：错误3：[判断题]2. Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece.参考答案：正确4：[判断题]参考答案：错误5：[判断题]4. Roman law eventually became the core of modern civil and commercial law in many Western countries.参考答案：正确6：[判断题]5. The Bible is much more than a religious book; it is really an encyclopedia: history, literature, philosophy and record of great minds.参考答案：正确7：[判断题]参考答案：错误8：[判断题]7. The Gothic style started in France, quickly spread through all parts of western Europe and flourished and lasted from the mid-12th to the end of 15th century and, in some areas, into the 17th .参考答案：错误9：[判断题]8. In the period of Renaissance, where the impact with Italy was most strongly felt in fine arts, in France it was literature and in England it was philosophy and drama.参考答案：正确10：[判断题]9. It is generally believed that modern philosophy begins with Francis Bacon in England and with RenéDescartes in France.参考答案：正确11：[判断题]10. Baroque art, flourished first in Spain was characterized by Dramatic intensity and sentimental appeal with a lot of emphasis on light and color.参考答案：错误12：[判断题]11. Christopher Columbus was discoverer of the New World and the American continent was named after him.参考答案：错误13：[判断题]12. Throughout his life, Peter Paul Rubens did 1,204 paintings and 300 drawings, something that is unprecedented in the history of art.参考答案：正确14：[判断题]13. Marxism was linked to a great intellectual tradition extending into the 18th century French Enlightenment, German post-Kantian philosophy, English classical political economy, and early 18th century European socialism.参考答案：错误15：[判断题]参考答案：错误16：[判断题]15. Expressionist art is marked by the expression of reality by means of distortion to communicate one's inner vision. The artists of this school used bright colors to bring out their pessimistic views on life.参考答案：正确1：[论述题]1.Aristotle2.Barogue Art3. Church of England4. Beowulf5. the Lost Generation参考答案：1. reference to text-book, p 27--28. Aristotle (384 BC ? 322 BC) was a Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. His writings cover many subjects, including physics, metaphysics, poetry, theater, music, logic, rhetoric, linguistics, politics, government, ethics, biology, and zoology. Together with Plato and Socrates (Plato's teacher), Aristotle is one of the most important founding figures in Western philosophy. Aristotle's writings were the first to create a comprehensive system of Western philosophy, encompassing morality and aesthetics, logic and science, politics and metaphysics.2. reference to text-book, p 225 Baroque Art is an artistic style prevalent from the late 16th century to the early 18th century in Europe. It is most often defined as "the dominant style of art in Europe between the Mannerist and Rococo eras, a style characterized by dynamic movement, overt emotion and self-confident rhetoric".3. reference to text-book, p 147 The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England and the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican Communion. The Church of England separated from the Roman Catholic Church in 1534 with the Act of Supremacy and understands itself to be both Catholic and Reformed. The British monarch, at present Queen Elizabeth II, has the constitutional title of Supreme Governor of the Church of England.4. reference to text-book, p 105 Beowulf is the conventional title of an Old English heroic epic poem consisting of 3182 alliterative long lines, set in Scandinavia, commonly cited as one of the most important works of Anglo-Saxon literature.5. reference to text-book, p 471 The "Lost Generation" is a term used to refer to the generation that came of age during World War I. The term was popularized by Ernest Hemingway who used it as one of two contrasting epigraphs for his novel, "The Sun Also Rises." In that volume Hemingway credits the phrase to Gertrude Stein, who was then his mentor and patron.2：[单选题]1. Two major elements in European culture are ____.A：the Greek and RomanB：the Judaism and ChristianityC：the Greco-RomanD：both A and B参考答案：D3：[单选题]A：UripidesB：AristophanesC：SophoclesD：Aeschylus参考答案：B4：[单选题]3. In _____ the West Roman Empire ended when the last emperor of the West was deposed by the Goths.A：27 B.CB：395C：476D：1453参考答案：C5：[单选题]4. The most important and influential of English Bible is ____, first published in 1611.A：The SeptuagintB：The VulgateC：Wycliff’s versionD：Authorized version参考答案：D6：[单选题]5. ____ in a few hundred years were to grow into the nations known as England, France, Spain, Italy and Germany.A：Germanic tribesB：The HunsC：The Anglo-SaxonsD：The Visigoths参考答案：A7：[单选题]6. Dante Alighieri's masterpiece , _____, is one of the landmarks of world literature. A：Song of RolandB：the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.C：BeowulfD：the Divine Comedy参考答案：D8：[单选题]A：ChristianityB：CalvinC：LutheranD：Protestantism参考答案：D9：[单选题]8. ____ was the first Russian author to gain recognition in the West.A：Nikolai GogolB：Ivan Sergeyevich TurgenevC：Fyodor DostoyevskyD：Count Leo Tolstoy参考答案：B10：[单选题]9. _____ was made up of many facets, such as symbolism, surrealism, cubism, expressionism, futurism, etc.A：RealismB：NaturalismC：ModernismD：Impressionism参考答案：C11：[单选题]A：My ApprenticeshipB：The StrangerC：The Quiet DonD：Remembrance of Things Past参考答案：C12：[单选题]A：The OdysseyB：The IliadC：Prometheus BoundD：Persians参考答案：B13：[单选题]A：HomeB：HeracleitueC：DemocritusD：Socrates参考答案：C14：[单选题]13. The theory of ____ is that one should endure hardship and misfortune with courage.A：the EpicuransB：the StoicsC：the ScepticsD：the Cynics参考答案：B15：[单选题]14. In ____, Emperor ____ made Christianity the official religion of the empire and outlawed all other religions.A：313, ConstantineB：305, DiocletianC：64 A. D., Nero CaesarD：392, Theodosius参考答案：D16：[单选题]15. With ____ by Boccaccio the courtly themes of medieval literature began to give way to the voice and mores of early modern society.A：the DecameronB：CanzoniersC：DavidD：Sleeping Venus参考答案：A1：[论述题]1. Church of England（英国国教）2. The Spirit of Laws（《法意》）3. Aristotle（亚里士多德）4. Beowulf （《贝奥武夫》）5.The Spirit of the Laws is a treatise on political theory first published anonymously by Baron de Montesquieu in 1748. In this political treatise Montesquieu advocates constitutionalism and the separation of powers, the abolition of slavery, the preservation of civil liberties and the rule of law, and the idea that political and legal institutions ought to reflect the social and geographical character of each particular community.（ "钦定圣经”）参考答案：1. The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England and the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican Communion. The Church of England separated from the Roman Catholic Church in 1534 with the Act of Supremacy and understands itself to be both Catholic and Reformed. The British monarch, at present Queen Elizabeth II, has the constitutional title of Supreme Governor of the Church of England.2. The Spirit of the Laws is a treatise on political theory first published anonymously by Baron de Montesquieu in 1748. In this political treatise Montesquieu advocates constitutionalism and the separation of powers, the abolition of slavery, the preservation of civil liberties and the rule of law, and the idea that political and legal institutions ought to reflect the social and geographical character of each particular community.3. Aristotle (384 BC ? 322 BC) was a Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. His writings cover many subjects, including physics, metaphysics, poetry,theater, music, logic, rhetoric, linguistics, politics, government, ethics, biology, and zoology. Together with Plato and Socrates (Plato's teacher), Aristotle is one of the most important founding figures in Western philosophy. Aristotle's writings were the first to create a comprehensive system of Western philosophy, encompassing morality and aesthetics, logic and science, politics and metaphysics.4. Beowulf is the conventional title of an Old English heroic epic poem consisting of 3182 alliterative long lines, set in Scandinavia, commonly cited as one of the most important works of Anglo-Saxon literature.5. The Authorized King James V ersion is an English translation by the Church of England of the Christian Bible begun in 1604 and completed in 1611.2：[单选题]1. ____ , Father of political science in the West, wrote Prince and Discourses.A：Fracesco PetrarchB：DanteC：Niccolo MachiavelliD：John Calvin参考答案：C3：[单选题]A：ChristianityB：CalvinC：LutheranD：Protestanism参考答案：D4：[单选题]3. _____'s laws formed the basis of all modern planetary astronomy and led to Newton's discovery of _____ .A：Kepler , heliocentric theoryB：Kepler , the laws of gravitationC：Galileo , the colors of the spectrumD：Copernicus, the laws of gravitation参考答案：B5：[单选题]A：GoyaB：DavidC：DelacroixD：Gericault参考答案：C6：[单选题]5. Just as Darwin discovered the law of development of _____, so Marx discovered the law of development of _____.A：the survival of the fittest, the communist partyB：the natural selection, the scientific socialismC：organic nature, human historyD：natural species, historical societies参考答案：C7：[单选题]6. According to Darwin's theory of evolution, the evolution of species is the result of _____.A：survival of the fittestB：natural selectionC：all animal lifeD：super-organic evolution参考答案：B8：[单选题]A：Nikolai GogolB：Ivan Sergeyevich TurgenevC：Fyodor DostoyevskyD：Count Leo Tolstoy参考答案：B9：[单选题]8. _____, Whitman's best known poem, expresses his grief over the death of Lincoln.A. B. C. D.A：Song of MyselfB：When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’dC：I sit and Look OutD：Leaves of Grass参考答案：B10：[单选题]9. Sophocles11：[单选题]A：Symphony in E Major (“From the New World”)B：the founder of analytical geometryC：the supreme figure in scholasticismD：As I Lay Dying参考答案：A12：[单选题]11. VirgilA：Lord JimB：EncyclopédieC：The AeneidD：Prometheus Unbound参考答案：C13：[单选题]12. Thomas AquinasA：the supreme figure in scholasticismB：the first to use the term RenaissanceC：the founder of analytical geometryD：the Oedipus complex参考答案：A14：[单选题]A：the supreme figure in scholasticism B：Being and NothingnessC：The Portrait of A LadyD：Man and Superman参考答案：B15：[单选题]14. George Bernard ShawA：Man and SupermanB：The Portrait of A LadyC：As I Lay DyingD：The Betrothed参考答案：A16：[单选题]15.William FaulknerA：The Portrait of A LadyB：As I Lay DyingC：Eugene OneginD：Man and Superman参考答案：A17：[单选题]16. Giorgio VasariA：the first to use the term Renaissance B：the supreme figure in scholasticism C：the founder of analytical geometry D：the Oedipus complex参考答案：A18：[单选题]17. Joseph ConradA：As I Lay DyingB：Being and NothingnessC：Lord JimD：The Aeneid参考答案：C19：[单选题]18. Percy Bysshe ShelleyA：The Portrait of A LadyB：As I Lay DyingC：Prometheus UnboundD：Being and Nothingness参考答案：C20：[单选题]A：The Wanderings of Oisin and Other Poems B：Don GiovanniC：Prometheus UnboundD：The Betrothed参考答案：D21：[单选题] 20. Aleksander PushkinA：Eugene OneginB：The AeneidC：As I Lay DyingD：Don Giovanni参考答案：A22：[单选题]21. Immanuel KantA：Critique of Pure ReasonB：As I Lay DyingC：he first to use the term RenaissanceD：The Wanderings of Oisin and Other Poems参考答案：A23：[单选题]A：Critique of Pure ReasonB：As I Lay DyingC：The Wanderings of Oisin and Other Poems D：he supreme figure in scholasticism参考答案：C24：[单选题]23. RenéDescartesA：The Wanderings of Oisin and Other Poems B：the founder of analytical geometryC：the first to use the term RenaissancD：Don Giovanni参考答案：B25：[单选题]24.Auguste RodinA：Man and SupermanB：The ThinkerC：The Portrait of A LadyD：As I Lay Dying参考答案：B26：[单选题]25. Henry JamesA：Prometheus UnboundB：As I Lay DyingC：PhaèdraD：The Portrait of A Lady参考答案：D27：[单选题]A：The AeneidB：PhaèdraC：The ThinkerD：Eugene Onegin参考答案：B28：[单选题]27. DiderotA：EncyclopédieB：Lord JimC：Symphony in E Major (“From the New World”)D：Prometheus Unbound参考答案：A29：[单选题]A：the founder of analytical geometryB：the supreme figure in scholasticismC：Don GiovanniD：The Betrothed参考答案：C1：[判断题]3. Some of the hermits were great scholars known as " Father of the Church”, whose work is generally considered orthodox.参考答案：正确2：[论述题]参考答案：1. Francesco Petrarca(July 20, 1304 ? July 19, 1374), known in English as Petrarch, was an Italian scholar, poet and one of the earliest Renaissance humanists. Petrarch is often called the "Father of Humanism".2. John Locke (29 August 1632 ? 28 October 1704), widely known as the Father of Liberalism, was an English philosopher and physician regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers. Considered one of the first of the British empiricists, following the tradition of Francis Bacon, he is equally important to social contract theory. His work had a great impact upon the development of epistemology and political philosophy. His writings influenced V oltaire and Rousseau, many Scottish Enlightenment thinkers, as well as the Americanrevolutionaries. His contributions to classical republicanism and liberal theory are reflected in the American Declaration of Independence.3. Black Humor,, a kind of drama (or, by extension, a non?dramatic work) in which disturbing or sinister subjects like death, disease, or warfare, are treated with bitter amusement, usually in a manner calculated to offend and shock. Prominent in the theatre of the absurd, black comedy is also a feature of Joe Orton's Loot (1965). A similar black humour is strongly evident in modern American fiction from Nathanael West's A Cool Million (1934) to Joseph Heller's Catch?22 (1961) and Kurt Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse?Five (1969).4.Cubism was a 20th century avant-garde art movement, pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, that revolutionized European painting and sculpture, and inspired related movements in music, literature and architecture. The first branch of cubism, known as Analytic Cubism, was both radical and influential as a short but highly significant art movement between 1907 and 1911 in France. In its second phase, Synthetic Cubism, the movement spread and remained vital until around 1919, when the Surrealist movement gained popularity.3：[判断题]20. Expressionist art is marked by the expression of reality by means of distortion to communicate one's inner vision. The artists of this school used bright colors to bring out their pessimistic views on life.参考答案：正确4：[判断题]19. Black Humor is a kind of desperate humor. It is the laughter at tragic things. Man's fate is decided by comprehensible powers. We can't do anything about it, therefore we may as well laugh.参考答案：错误5：[判断题]18. As Isaac Newton dominated 17th-century science with his discovery of the laws governing the bodies of the universe, so Charles Darwin dominated 18th-centuryscience, for he discovered the laws governing the evolution of man himself.参考答案：错误6：[判断题]17. Marxism was linked to a great intellectual tradition extending into the 18th century French Enlightenment,参考答案：错误7：[判断题]16. The three composers of the classical music , Bach ,Haydn and Mozart are known as the Viennese School.参考答案：错误8：[判断题]15. The most important forerunners of the Enlightenment were two 17th century Englishmen Francis Bacon and Isaac Newton.参考答案：错误9：[判断题]14. Throughout his life, Peter Paul Rubens did 1,204 paintings and 300 drawings, something that is unprecedented in the history of art.参考答案：正确10：[判断题]13. The designing and building of St. Paul's Cathedral is the landmark in French architecture.参考答案：错误11：[判断题]12. It is generally believed that modern philosophy begins with Francis Bacon inEngland and with RenéDescartes in France.参考答案：正确12：[判断题]11. Christopher Columbus was discoverer of the New World and the American continent was named after him.参考答案：错误13：[判断题]10. The Cartesian doubt is summarized in his motto: " I doubt, therefore I think: I think , therefore I am.”参考答案：正确14：[判断题]9. In European Renaissance, where the impact with Italy was most strongly felt in fine arts, in France it was literature and in England it was philosophy and drama.参考答案：正确15：[判断题]8. The Gothic style started in France, quickly spread through all parts of western Europe and flourished and lasted from the mid-12th to the end of 15th century and, in some areas, into the 17th century.参考答案：错误16：[判断题]7. Charlemagne wanted to rule as the emperors of Rome had done in ancient times and eventually was crowned " Emperor of the Romans”by himself in 800.参考答案：错误17：[判断题]6. The Bible is much more than a religious book; it is really an encyclopedia: history, literature, philosophy and record of great minds.参考答案：正确18：[判断题]5. The oldest and most important of the Old Testament are the first five books about the laws of Moses, called Pentateuch or Torah.参考答案：正确19：[判断题]4. Charlemagne wanted to rule as the emperors of Rome had done in ancient times and eventually was crowned " Emperor of the Romans” by himself in 800.参考答案：错误20：[判断题]2. Venus de Milo was discovered in the island of Milo in 1920.参考答案：正确21：[判断题]1. Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece.参考答案：错误1：[判断题]13. The three composers of the classical music , Bach ,Haydn and Mozart are known as the Viennese School.参考答案：错误2：[判断题]1. Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece.参考答案：正确3：[判断题]2.Diogenes is chiefly noted for his doctrine that " man is the measure of all things.”参考答案：错误4：[判断题]3. The term " impressionism” was taken directly from the title of Manet's Impressionism: Sunrise (1872).参考答案：错误5：[判断题]4. Realism was made up of many facets, such as symbolism, surrealism, cubism, expressionism, futurism, etc.参考答案：错误6：[判断题]5. In Freudian system, Id is the container of the instinctual urges.参考答案：正确7：[判断题]6. Dubliners by James Joyce is considered his most mature work and the single best fiction ever written since the beginning of the 20th century.参考答案：错误8：[判断题]7. T.S. Eliot's long poem the Waste Land is his major contribution to English poetry. 参考答案：正确9：[判断题]8. Sholokhov established an international reputation for his monumental novel of Cossack life, The Quiet Don, written between 1925 and 1940.参考答案：正确10：[判断题]9. Samuel Beckett's masterpiece was a play called Waiting for Godot (1952), which was remembered as one of the most famous Absurd Drama.参考答案：正确11：[判断题]10. The term " Angry Young Man” came to be widely used only after the publication of John Osborne's play Look Back in Anger (1956).参考答案：正确12：[论述题]Marxism参考答案：Marxism is an economic and socio-political worldview that contains within it a political ideology for how to change and improve society by implementing socialism. Originally developed in the early to mid 19th century by two German émigrés living in Britain, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Marxism is based upon a materialist interpretation of history. Taking the idea that social change occurs because of the struggle between different classes within society who are under contradiction one against the other, the Marxist analysis leads to the conclusion that capitalism, the currently dominant form of economic management, leads to the oppression of the proletariat, who not only make up the majority of the world's populace but who also spend their lives working for the benefit of the bourgeoisie, or the wealthy ruling class in society.13：[判断题]15. Throughout his life, Peter Paul Rubens did 1,204 paintings and 300 drawings, something that is unprecedented in the history of art.参考答案：正确14：[判断题]14. Venus de Milo was discovered in the island of Milo in 1920.参考答案：错误15：[判断题]12. Some of the hermits were great scholars known as " Father of the Church”, whose work is generally considered orthodox.参考答案：正确16：[判断题]参考答案：正确1：[判断题]1. In Europe, the realist movement arose in the 50s of the 19th century and had its origin in France.参考答案：正确2：[判断题]2. Zola defined the theory of realism and illustrated it in his great work entitled the Human Comedy参考答案：错误3：[判断题]3. Nikolai Gogol was the first master of fiction in Russia to leave romantic conventions and go to life for his subjects.参考答案：正确4：[判断题]4. Romanticism, which developed in Europe in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, started from the ideas of Rousseau, in France and from the Storm and Stress movement in Germany.参考答案：正确5：[判断题]5. In 1798, Songs of Experience , a volume of poems by Wordsworth and Coleridge, made literary history.参考答案：错误6：[判断题]6. Pushkin stood in the van of the Romantic movement in Russia, Eugene Onegin is generally recognized as his masterpiece.参考答案：正确7：[判断题]7. The publication of Mickiewicz's Sonnets from the Crimea _____ is uaually taken as the beginning of Romanticism in Polish literature.参考答案：错误8：[判断题]10. Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 is a choral symphony, choosing as a text for the finale Shiller's Ode to Joy.参考答案：正确9：[判断题]8. Goya was among the first ones in European art history to comment in his art on the events of the day.参考答案：正确10：[判断题]9. Delacroix was among the first ones in European art history to comment in his art on the events of the day.参考答案：正确11：[论述题]1.Dadaism2. The Human Comedy参考答案：1. Dadaism or Dada is a post-World War I cultural movement in visual art as well as literature (mainly poetry), theatre and graphic design. The movement was, among other things, a protest against the barbarism of the War and what Dadaists believed was an oppressive intellectual rigidity in both art and everyday society; its works were characterized by a deliberate irrationality and the rejection of the prevailing standards of art. It influenced later movements including Surrealism.2. The Human Comedy is the title of Honoréde Balzac's (1799?1850) multi-volume collection of interlinked novels and stories depicting French society in the period of the Restoration and the July Monarchy (1815?1848).。
欧洲文化入门练习及参考复习资料
欧洲文化入门各章练习及答案第一章填空题：1. The richness of European Culture was created by ________element and _________element. Greco-Roman Judeo-Christian2. The Homer’s epics consisted of_________. Iliad and Odyssey3. ________ is the first writer of “problem plays”. Euripides4. __________ is called “Father of History”. Herodotus5. ________is the greatest historian that ever lived. Thucydides6. The dividing range in the Roman history refers to ________. 27 B.C.7. “I came, I saw, I conquered.” is a famous sayingby _______. Julius Caesar8. The representation form of Greek Democracy is __________. citizen-assembly.判断题1. Euclid says “Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world”. (×) Archimedes2. Herodotus’s historical writing is on the war between Anthens and Sparta. (×) Greeks and Persians名词解释：1. Pax Romana答：In the Roman history ,there came two hundred years of peaceful time, which was guaranteed by the Roman legions, it was known as Pax Romana2. “Democracy” in an cient Greece答：1）Democracy means “exercise of power by the whole people”, but in Greece by “the whole people” the Greeks meant only the adult male citizens.2）Women, children, foreigners and slaves were excluded from Democracy.论述题：1. How did the Greek Culture originate and develop?1) Probably around 1200 B.C., a war was fought between Greece and troy. This is the war that Homer refers to in his epics.2) Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B.C.A. The successful repulse of the Persian invasion early in the 5th century.B. The establishment of democracy.C. The flourishing of science, philosophy, literature, art and historical writing in Athens.3)The 5th century closed with civil war between Athens and Sparta.4) In the second half of the 4th century B.C., Greece was conquered by Alexander, king of Macedon. Whenever he wentand conquered, whenever Greek culture was found.5) Melting between Greek culture and Roman culture in 146 B.C., the Romans conquered Greece.2. What is the great significance of Greek Culture on the later-on cultural development?答：There has been an enduring excitement about classical Greek culture in Europe and elsewhere Rediscovery of Greek culture played a vital part in the Renaissance in Italy and other European countries.1) Spirit of innovationThe Greek people invented mathematics and science and philosophy; They first wrote history as opposed to mere annals; They speculated freely about the nature of the world and the ends of life, without being bound in the fetters ofany inherited orthodoxy.2) Supreme AchievementThe Greeks achieved supreme achievements in nearly all fields of human endeavour: Philosophy, science, epic poetry, comedy, historical writing, architecture, etc.3) Lasting effectA. Countless writers have quoted, borrowed from and otherwise used Homer’s epics, the tragedies of Aeschylus and Sophocles and Euripides, Aristophanes’s comedies, Plato’s Dialogues,ect.B. In the early part of the 19th century, in England alone, three young Romantic poets expressed their admiration of Greek culture in works which have themselves become classics: Byron’s Isles of Greece, Shelley’s Hellas and Prometheus Unbound and Keats’s Ode on a Grecian Urn.C. In the 20th century, there are Homeric parallels in the Irishman James Joyce’s modernist masterpiece Ulysses.3. What is the similarity and difference between Greek culture and Roman culture?答：1) similarities:A. Both peoples had traditions rooted in the idea of the citizen-assembly.B. Their religions were alike enough for most of their deities to be readily identified, and their myths to be fused.C. Their languages worked in similar ways, both being members of the Indo-European language family.2) differences:A. The Romans built up a vast empire; the Greeks didn’t, except for the brief moment of Alexander’s conquests, which soon disintegrated.B. The Romans were confident in their own organizational power, their military and administrative capabilities.4. What is the Rome historical background?答：1) The history of Rome divided into two periods: Before the year 27 B.C., Rome had been a republic; from the year 27 B.C., Octavius took supreme power as emperor with the title of Augustus and Roman Empire began.2) Two centuries later, the Roman Empire reached its climax, marked by land a rea’s extension: Encircling the Mediterranean.3) Strong military power: the famous Roman legions.4) In the Roman history ,there came two hundred years of peaceful time, which was guaranteed by the Roman legions,it was known as Pax Romana.5) Another important contribution made by the Romans to European culture was Roman Law.6) The empire began to decline in the 3rd century.A. In the 4th century the emperor Constantine moved the capital from Rome to Byzantium.Renamed it Constantinople (modern Istanbul).B. After 395, the empire was divided into East (The Byzantine Empire) and WestC. In 476 the last emperor of the West was deposed by Goths and this marked the end of the West Roman Empire.D. The East Roman Empire collapsed when Constantinople fell to the Turks in 1453.第二章填空题：1. ___________is by far the most influential in the West. Christianity2. The Hebrews history was recorded in _________of the Bible. the Old Testament3. The New Testament is about _________. the doctrine of Jesus Christ4. The story about God’s flooding to the human being and only good-virtue being saved was recorded in Genesis,Pentateuch, the Old Testament, the Bible, which was known as _________. Noah’s Ark.5. The Birth of Jesus was recorded in ________. Matthew6. The story about Jesus being pinned in the cross to death was known as _________. The Last Supper.7. The first English version of whole Bible was translated from the Latin Vulgate in 1382 and was copied out by handby the early group of reformers led by _________. John Wycliff.名词解释:1. The Old TestamentThe Bible was divided into two sections: the Old Testament and the New Testament. The Old Testament is about God and the Laws of God. The word “Testament” means “agreement”, theagreement between God and Man.2. PentateuchThe Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the first five books, called Pentateuch. Pentateuch contains five books: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy.3. GenesisGenesis is one of the five books in Pentateuch, it tells about a religious account of the origin of the Hebrews people, including the origin of the world and of man, the career of Issac and the life of Jacob and his son Joseph.4. ExodusExodus is one of the five books in Pentateuch, it tells about a religious history of the Hebrews during their flight from Egypt, the period when they began to receive God’s Law. Joshua brought the people safely back toCanaan.5. The Book of DanielThe Book of Daniel belongs to The Old Testament of the Bible. It tells about the Hebrews being carried away into Babylon.论述简答题：1. What are the beliefs of Christianity?答：Christianity based itself on two forceful beliefs which separate it from all other religions.1）One is that Jesus Christ is the Son of God, and that God sent him to earth to live as humans live, suffer as humans suffer, and die to redeem mankind.2）The other is that God gave his only begotten son , so that whosoever believes in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.2. What are the different translation editions of the Bible?答：1)The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as the Septuagint. And it is still in use in the Greek Church today. But it only translated the Old Testament.2) The most ancient extant Latin version of the whole Bible is the Vulgate edition, which was done in 385-405 A.D. By St. Jerome in common people’s language. It became the official Bible of the Roman Catholic Church throughout the world.3) The first English version of whole Bible was translated from the Latin Vulgate in 1382 and was copied out by hand by the early group of reformers led by John Wycliff.4) After John Wycliff’s version, appeared William Tyndale’s version. It was based on the original Hebrew and Greek sources.5) The Great Bible ordered by Henry Ⅷin 1539 to be placed in all the English churches was in part founded on Tyndale’s work.6) The most important and influential o f English Bible is the “Authorized” or “King James” version,first published in 1611. It was produced by 54 biblical scholars at the command of King James. With its simple, majestic Anglo-Saxon tongue, it is known as the greatest book in the English languages.7) The Revised Version appeared in 1885, and the standard American edition of the Revised Version in 1901.8) The Good News Bible and the New English Bible.3. What is the great significance of the translations of the bible?答：1) It is generally accepted that the English Bible and Shakespeare are two great reservoirs of Modern English.2) Miltion’s Paradise Lost, Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress, Byron’s Cain, up to the contemporary Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises, and Steinbeck’s Ea st of Eden. They are not influenced without the effect of the Bible.第三章填空题：1. In _______ a Germanic (日耳曼) general killed the last Roman emperor and took control of the government. 4762. After 1054, the church was divided into _________ and _______. the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.3. _______ is the one who translated into Latin both Old and New Testament from the Hebrew and Greek originals. St. Jerome4. ______introduced French and Italy writing the English native alliterative verse.5. Both ___________are the best representative of the middle English. Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales6. _________ paved the way for the development of what is the present-day European culture. the Middel Ages名词解释1. the Middle agesIn European history, the thousand-year period following the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the fifth century is called the Middle Ages. The middle ages is so called because it came between ancient times and modern times. To be specific, from the 5th century to 15th century.2. FeudalismFeudalism in Europe was mainly a system of land holding— a system of holding land in exchange for military service. The word “feudalism” was derived from the Latin “feudum”, a grant of land. 3. The ManorThe centre of medieval life under feudalism was the manor. Manors werefounded on the fiefs of the lords. By the twelfth century manor houses were made of stone and designed as fortresses. They came to be called castles.4. Carolingian RenaissanceCarolingian Renaissance is derived from Charlemagne’s name in Latin, Carolus. The most interesting facet of this rather minor renaissance is the spectacle of Frankish or Germanic state reaching out to assimilate the riches of the Roman Classical and the Christianized Hebraic culture.5. Gothic1) The Gothic style started in France and quickly spread through all parts of Western Europe.2) It lasted from the mid-12th to the end of 15th century and, in some areas, into the 16th. More churches were built in this manner than in any other style in history.3) The Gothic was an outgrowth of the Romanesque.论述简答题：1. Why is the middle ages is called Age of Faith？答：1) During the Medieval times there was no central government to keep the order. The only organization that seemed to unite Europe was the Christian church.2) The Christian church continued to gain widespread power and influence.3) In the Late middle ages, almost everyone in western Europe was a Christian and a member of the Christian Church. Christianity took the lead in politics, law, art, and learningfor hundreds of years.4) It shaped people’s lives. That is why the middle ages is also called the “Age of Faith”.2. What is the great significance of the Crusades?答：1) The crusades brought the East into closer contact with the West. And they greatly influenced the history of Europe.2) During the wars while many of the feudal lords went to fight in Palestine, kings at home found opportunities to strengthen themselves. Thus among other things, Crusades helped to break down feudalism, which, in turn led to the rise of the monarchies.3) Besides, through their contact with the more cultured Byzantines and Moslems, the western Europeans changed many of their old ideas. Their desire for wealth or power began to overshadow their religious ideals.4) The Crusades also resulted in renewing people’s interest in learning and invention. By the 13th century, universities had spread all over Europe. Such knowledge as Arabic numerals, algebra , and Arab medicine were introduced to the West.5) As trade increased, village and towns began to grow into cities. And the rise of towns and trade in western Europe paved the way of the growth of strong national governments.3. How did learning and science develop in the Middle Ages?答：1) Charlemagne and Carolingian Renaissance:A. He was crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by the pope in 800.B. Carolingian Renaissance is derived from Charlemagne’s name in Latin, Carolus. The most interesting facet of this rather minor renaissance is the spectacle of Frankish or Germanic state reaching out to assimilate the riches of the Roman Classical and the Christianized Hebraic culture.2) Alfred the Great and Wessex Centre of Learning:A. He promoted translations into the vernacular from Latin works.B. He also inspired the compilation of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.3) St. Thomas Aquinas and Scholasticism:4) Roger Bacon and Experimental Science:A. Roger Bacon, a monk, was one of the earliest advocates of scientific research.B. He called for careful observation and experimentation. His main work was the Opus maius.4. How did literature develop in the middle ages?答：1) The epic was the product of the Heroic Age. It was an important and mostly used form in ancient literature.“National epic” refers to the epic written in v ernacular languages—that is, the languages of various national states that came into being in the Middle Ages. Literary works were no longer all written in Latin. It was the starting point of a gradual transition of European literature from Latin culture to a culture that was the combination of a variety of national characteristics. Both Beowulf and song of Roland were the representative works of the National Epics.2) Dante Alighieri and The Divine Comedy:A. His masterpiece, The Divine Comedy, is one of the landmarks of world literature.B. The poem expresses humanistic ideas which foreshadowed the spirit of Renaissance.C. Dante wrote his masterpiece in Italian rather than in Latin.3) Geoffery Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales:A. The Canterbury Tales were his most popular work.B. Most of the tales are written in verse which reflects Chaucer’s innovation by introducing into the native alliterativeverse the French and Italian styles.C. Chaucer is thus to be , regarded as the first short story teller and the first modern poet in English literature.D. Chaucer and the Canterbury Tales were representative of the Middle ages.5. What is the difference between the vernacular language used in the National epics and the vernacular language used by Mark twain?答：1) The epic was the product of the Heroic Age. It was an important and mostly used form in ancient literature.“National epic” refers to the epic written in vernacular languages—that is, the languages of various national states that came into being in the Middle Ages. Literary works were no longer all written in Latin. It was the starting point of a gradual transition of European literature from Latin culture to a culture that was the combination of a variety of national characteristics. Both Beowulf and song of Roland were the representative works of the National Epics.2) The vernacular language used by Mark twain refers to both local and colloq language used in the Mississippi area, with a strong characteristic of that region. Mark twain used vernacular language not only in dialogue, but also in narration.3) His representative works Life on the Mississippi.6. What were the power and influence of the Roman Catholic church in the Medieval times?1) With a highly centralized and disciplined international organization from priests to Pope, the Roman Catholic Church seemed to be the only unity across the western Europe of the Medieval times. It developed a civilization based on Christianity and helped to preserve and pass on the heritage of the classical cultures by the official language of Latin.2) with the Pope as the supreme head of all the Christian Churches of the western Europe, the Catholic (meaning universal) church received heavy taxes from lay people and various supports from nobles and kings. Church could remove any opponents political rights or even emperors, with the powerful symbol of the Inquisition, the Church court to punish heresy.3) The Medieval Church was the center of the Europeans’ daily life and almost everyone became a member of theChurch. People turned to the Church for comfort and spiritual guidance; the Church also was the center of holy communion, recreation, trade and communal activity.4) Clergy then was the only literate class, so kings and nobles used them to implement important secular governmental duties.5) The Church took the lead in politics, law, art, and le arning throughout the “Age of Faith”. For example, Romanesque and Gothic arts were predominantly religious; in learning, it influenced greatly the western thinking with the monks’ work on copying and translating ancient books, the Church Fathers’ ph ilosophy, Monasticism, Scholasticism and Experimental science.6) originally for regaining the holy city of Jerusalem, the Church launched 200-year Crusades, which helped to bread down feudalism and enhanced the cultural contact between the West and the East.第四章填空题：1. Renaissance started in ________ and ________ with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture. Florence and Venice.2. In Renaissance literature of Italy, _______ was the representative poet. Petrarch3. At the heart of the Renaissance philosophy was the assertion of _________. the greatness of man.4. The idea of the greatness of man is reflected in __________ literature. Shakespeare’s5. The national religion established after reformation in England was called _______. The church of England or The Anglican Church.6. It was under the reign of _______ that reformation was successful in England. Henry Ⅷ.7. Montaigne was a French humanist known for his _______. “Essais”(Essays).8. The representative novelist of Renaissance in Spain was __________ with his famous work_______, which marked European culture entry into a new stage. Cervantes Don Quixote9. The Venus of Urbino is ___________ works. Titian10. _______ translated the whole Bible with the vernacular language. Martin Luther名词解释:1. RenaissanceGenerally speaking, Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th century. The word “Renaissance” means revival, specifically in this period of history, revival of interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture. Renaissance, in essence, was a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of conservatism in feudalist Europe and introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, to lift the restrictions in all areas placed by the Roman church authorities.2. ReformationThe Reformation was a 16th century religious movement as well as a socio-political movement. It began as Martin Luther posted on the door of the castle church at the University of Wittenberg his 95 thesis. This movement which swept over the whole of Europe was aimed at opposing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with the absolute authority of the Bible. The reformists engaged themselves in translating the Bible into their mother tongues.3. Counter-ReformationBy late 1520 the Roman Catholic Church had lost its control over the church in Germany. The Roman Catholic Church did not stay idle. They mustered their forces, the dedicated Catholic groups, to examine the Church institutions and introduce reforms and improvements, to bring back its vitality. This recovery of power is often called by historiansthe Counter-Reformation.论述简答题：1. What are the Geographical Discoveries in the Renaissance?答：The Renaissance was the golden age of geographical discoveries: by the year of 1600 the surface of the known earth was doubled.1)Columbus: Columbus discovered the land of America. On his fourth voyage he explored the coast of Central America.2)Dias: Dias was a Portuguese navigator who discovered the Cape of Good Hope in 1487.3)Da Gama: Gama was a Portuguese navigator, who discovered the route to India round the Cape of Good Hope between the years of 1497 and 1498.4)Amerig：Amerigo was the Italian navigator on whose honour America was named. His discovered and explored the mouth of the Amazon and accepted South America as a new continent.2. What positive influence does the reformation exert on world culture?答:1)The Roman Catholic Church was never the international court to which all rulers and states were to be morally responsible for.2)Economically, peasants all over Europe had no need to pay a good amount of their gains to the Pope.3)In educational and cultural matters, the monopoly of the church was broken.4)In religion, Protestantism brought into being different forms of Christianity to challenge the absolute rule of the Roman Catholic Church.5)In language, the dominant position of Latin had to give way to the national languages as a result of various translations of the Bible into the vernacular.6)In spirit, absolute obedience became out-moded and the spirit of quest, debate , was ushered in by the reformists.3. What contribution did the Renaissance make to the world culture?答：1、The Renaissance created a culture which freed man to discover and enjoy the world in a way not possible under the medieval Church’s dispensation.2、The Reformation dealt the feudal theocracy a fatal blow.第五章填空题：1. The modern world, so far as mental outlook is concerned, begins in ________. the 17th century2. _________ formed the basis of all modern planetary astronomy and led to Newton’s discovery of the laws of gravitation. Kepler’s Laws3. “Knowledge is power.” By _____. Francis Bacon4. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. By _____. Francis Bacon5. Leviathan is written by ________. Tomas Hobbes6. The English Revolution is also called __________. Bourgeoisie Revolution.7. In _______, the Bill of Rights was enacted by the English Parliament. 16898. There are two leaders in the English Revolution. _______ was the man of action and ________ the man of thought. Cromwell, Milton.9. The best representative of French neoclassicism is ________. Molière名词解释：1. the laws of gravitation: the sun, the moon, the earth, the planets, and all the other bodies in the universe move in accordance with the same basic force, which is call gravitation.2. ClassicismClassicism implies the revival of the forms and traditions of the ancient world, a return to works of old Greek literature from Homer to Plato and Aristotle. But French classicism of the 17th century was not conscious of being a classical revival. It intended to produce a literature, French to the core, which was worthy of Greek and classical ideals. This neoclassicism reached its climax in France in the 17th century.3. Baroque ArtBaroque Art, flourished first in Italy, and then spread to Spain, Portugal, France in south Europe and to Flander and the Netherlands in the North. It was characterized by dramatic intensity and sentimental appeal with a lot of emphasis on light and colour.论述简答1. Why do we say the 17th century is a transitional period from middle ages to the modern times? 答：1) This advance began in science, in astronomy, physics and pure mathematics, owing to the work of Galileo, Kepler, Newton and Descartes.2) The outlook of educated men was transformed. There was a profound change in the conception of men’s place in the universe.3) The new science and philosophy gave a great push to the political struggle waged by the newly emerged class, the bourgeoisie, and other chasses.4) The modern world, so far as mental outlook is concerned, begins in the 17th century.2. What are the merits shared by the Great Scientists of 17th century？答：During the 17th century, the modern Scientific method began to take shape. It emphasized observation and experimentation before formulating a final explanation or generalization. Copernicus、Kepler、Galileo、Newton and other scientists of the time shared two merits which favoured the advance of science.1) First, they showed boldness in framing hypotheses.2) Second, they all had immense patience in observation.3) The combination of the two merits brought about fundamental changes inman’s scientific and philosophical thinking.3. What is Baconian Philosophical system?答：1) The whole basis of his philosophy was practical: to give mankind mastery over the forces of nature by means of scientific discoveries and inventions.2) He held that philosophy should be kept separate from theology, not intimately be blended with it as in Scholasticism.3) Bacon established the inductive method. Induction means reasoning from particular facts or individual cases to a general conclusion.. Deductive method emphasized reasoning from a known principle to the unknown and from the general to the specific.4) In a word, to break with the past, and to restore man to his lost mastery of the natural world. This was what Bacon called the Great Instauration.4. What is the difference between Hobbes and Locke in terms of nature Law?答：For Locke, Nature Law, therefore, means a universally obligatory moral law promulgated by the human reason. Whereas for Hobbes it means the law of power, force and fraud.5. What is the different between Tomas Hobbes and John Locke in terms of Social Contract?1) John Lock’s Social Contract consists of :A. Society is out of necessity, convenience and man’s own interest, and therefore, society is natural to man.B. The institution of political society and government must proceed from the consent of those who are incorporated into political society and subject themselves to government.C. Locke emphasized that the social contract must be understood as involving the individual’s consent to submit to the will of the majority and that the will of the majority must prevail.D. Locke also believed that the ruler of government is one partner of the social contract. If he violates the social contract, then government is effectively dissolved. This idea was welcomed by the Americans during the American Revolution and the bourgeoisie revolution in England.2 Tomas Hobbes’ Social Contract consists of:A. It is necessary that there should be a common power or government backed by force and able to punish.B. Commonwealth, in Latin, Civitas.C. To escape anarchy, men enter into a social contract, by which they submit to the sovereign. In return for conferring all their powers and strength to the sovereign, men attain peace and security.D. The powers of the sovereign must be absolute, and it is only be the centralization of authority in one person that the evil can be avoided.。
欧洲文化入门试题及答案
I. Choose the most appropriate one for the following blanks.1.Two major elements in European culture are ______ .A. the Greek and RomanB. the Judaism and ChristianityC. the Greco-RomanD. A and B2.deals with the Trojan War (the Greek states led by Agamemnon in their war against the cityof Troy).A. The OdysseyB. The IliadC. Prometheus BoundD. Persians3.The play Prometheus Bound was written by.A. AeschylusB. AristophanesC. EuripidesD. Sophocles4.The best writer of comedy of the ancient Greece was, who is Father of Comedy.A. EuripidesB. AristophanesC. SophoclesD.Aeschylus5.was one of the earliest exponents of the atomic theory.A. HomeB. HeracleitueC. DemocritusD. Socrates6,by Plato is a book about the ideal state ruled by a philosopher but barring poets.A. DialoguesB. The ApologyC. The RepublicD. Symposium7.Dante called ___ " the master of those who know”.A, Aristotle B. Plato C. Socrates D. Archimedes8.Euclid is even now well-known for his.A. ElementsB. PoeticsC. EthicsD. Politics9.has been a big subject for discussion among writers and artists.A, Discus Thrower B, Venus de MiloC, Laocoon group D, Parthenon10.Herodotus , Father of History, wrote about the war between.A. Athens and SpartaB. Athens and SyracuseC. Athens and PersiansD. Greeks and Persians11.It is who was the founder of scientific mathematics.A. HeracleitusB. AristotleC. SocratesD. Pythagorastook supreme power as emperor with the title of in 27 B. C..Rome B. Augustus C. The Roman Empire D. Pax Romana13.The great epic, The Aeneid, was written by.A. LucretiusB. VirgilC. Julius CaesarD. Cicero14.The oldest and most important of the Old Testament of 39 books are the first five books, calledA. DeuteronomyB. ExodusC. the PentateuchD. Genesis15.In ____ the Jews were carried away into the Babylonian CaPtiVity(巴比伦之囚).A. 169B.C. B. 586 B. C. C. 536 B. C. D, 721 .16.The most important and influential of English Bible is, first published in 1611.A. The SeptuagintB. The VulgateC. Wycliff,s versionD. Authorized version17.is the oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament.A. The SeptuagintB. The VulgateC. Wycliff,s versionD. Authorized version18.It is generally accepted that and Shakespeare are two great reserviors of Modern English.A. the BibleB. the English BibleC. the New TestamentD. the Old Testament19.The Middle Ages is a period in which,and Gothic heritages merged.A. Greco-Roman, ChristianityB. classical, ChristianC. Greek, RomanD. classical, Hebrew20.The centre of medieval life under feudalism was.A. knighthoodB. the manorC. the ChurchD. polis21.In 1054, the Christian Church was divided into _______ a nd the Eastern Orthodox Church.A. ChristianityB. the Roman ChurchC. the Roman Catholic ChurchD. the Western Catholic22.by Aquinas forms an enormous system and sums up all the knowledge of medieval theology.A. Summa TheologicaB. Summa Contra GentilesC. Opus maiusD. Beowulf23.The Anglo-Saxon epic ______ originated from the collective effort of oral literature.A. Song of RolandB. the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.C. BeowulfD. the Divine Comedy24.Generally speaking. Renaissance refers to the period between.A. the 13th and 15th centuriesB. the 14th and mid-17th centuryC. the 15th and 16th centuriesD. the 14th and 16th centuries25.is the essence of the Renaissance.The revival of interest in ancient Greek and Roman cultureAttempts to get rid of conservatismThe flowering of paintings, sculpture and architectureHumanism26.Fracesco Petrarch, the author of____ , is known as Father of Humanism.A. the DecameronC. DavidD. Sleeping Venus27.After Reformation,came into being.A. ChristianityB. CalvinismC. LutheranismD. Protestantism28.Which was NOT true about DurerA, The leader of the Renaissance in Germany B, A master of woodcutC, Never being to Italy D, A follower of Martin Luther29.Father of modern astronomy is.A. Da VinciB. Amerigo VespucciC. Nicolaus CopernicusD. Marchiavelli30.Vasari was best known for his entertaining biographies of.A. FabricaB. PrinceC. the Divine ComedyD. Lives of the Artists31.1,theories have given rise to important developments of modem science, ranging from Freudian psychology to Einsteinian physics.A. Galileo GalileiB. Gottfried Wilhelm von LeibnizC. Sir Isaac NewtonD. Johannes Kepler32.In the first, Locke flatly rejected the theory of divine right of kings.A.the Advancement of LearningB. the New AtlantisC.Essay Concerning human UnderstandingD.Treatise of Civil Government33.Thomas Hobbes,s is one of the most celebrated political treatises in European literature.A.LeviathanB. the Advancement of LearningC.Essay Concerning human UnderstandingD.Treatise of Civil Government34.The theme of is the fall of men.A. New MethodB. Treatise of Civil GovernmentC. Essay Concerning human UnderstandingD. Paradise Lost35.was the best representative dramatist of French classical comedies.A. CorneilleB. RacineC. MoliereD. Descartes36.Which of the following artists helped to gring the Roman Baroque style to its climaxA. RubensB. BerniniC. BorrominiD. Caravaggio37.Whose doctrines of the separation of powers became one of the most important principles of theA. John LockeB. RousseauC. VoltaireD. Montesquieu38.In which of Diderofs works, the author developed his materialist philosophy and fore-shadowed the doctrine of evolutions as later proposed by Charles DarwinA. Philosophical ThoughtsB. Rameau,s NephewC. Elements of PhysiologyD. Encyclopedie39.1,novelist, is often called the founder of English domestic novel.A. Walter ScottB. Henry FieldingC. Samuel JohnsonD. Samuel Richardson40.Which of the Lessing,s works was a landmark in the 18th-century German dramaA. Minna Von BarnhelmB. LaocoonC. Hamburgische DramaturgicD. Nathan the Wise41.In, Goethe draws on a immense variety of cultural material. It is not only his own masterpiece but the greatest work of German literature.A. the Sorrow of Young WertherB. FaustC. Wilhelm Meister,s TravelsD. Poetry and Truth42.Among Schiller,s works,was a play best known to the Chinese audience.A. The RobbersB. WallensteinC. Cabal and LoveD. Wilhelm Tell43.Kant,s years of his philosophical studies are Crystalized in three difficult books; among them ,was the most important single book by any modern pholosopher.General History of Nature and Theory of the HeavensCritique of Practical ReasonC. Critiquue of JudgementD. Critique of Pure Reason44.It has been said that tς the world had waited centuries for and he was only to remain herea moment”.A. BeethovenB. HaydnC. MozartD. Bach45.Which of the following writers or poets is usually called the father of European historical novelA. GoetheB. Victor HugoC. Daniel DefoeD. Walter Scott46.In 1798,, a volume of poems by Wordsworth and Coleridge, made literary history.A. Songs of ExperienceB. Lyrical BalladsC. Isles of GreeceD. Ode to the West Wind47.Which of the following Romantic writers ever fought for women ,s freedom in love and marriageA. George SandB. Victor HugoC. Daniel DefoeD. Henry Fielding48.StOOd in the van of the Romantic movement in Russia,is generally recognized as his masterpiece.A. Lermontov, A Hero of Our TimeB. Pushkin, Luslan and LiudmilaC. Pushkin, Boris GodunovD. Pushkin, Eugene Onegin49.The publication of Mickiewicz,s is uaually taken as the beginning of Romanticism inPolish literature.A. Sonnets from the CrimeaB. Konrad WallenrodC. Ballads and RamancesD. Pan Tadeusz50.Beethoven,s is a choral symphony, choosing as a text for the finale Shiller,s Ode to Joy.A. Symphony No. 3B. Symphony No. 5C. Symphony No. 6D. Symphony No. 951.sought to revolutionize the opera by making it a combination of the arts: dramatic, musical, and scenic.A. BerliozB. ChopinC. WagnerD. Verdi52.Based on, Marx and Engels developed their own dialectical materialism.the German classical philosophy B. the English classical political economythe Utopian Socialism D. the Manifesto of the Communist Party53.Just as Darwin discovered the law of development of, so Marx discovered the law of development of.the survival of the fittest, the communist partythe natural selection, the scientific socialismorganic nature, human historyD. natural species, historical societies54.In 1858 Darwin received a letter from, who, working independently, also came to the conclusion concerning the origin of the species by means of natural selection.A. John Stevens HenslowB. Charles LyellC. Thomas HuxleyD. Alfred Russel Wallace55.Zola defined the theory of and illustrated it in his great work entitled.naturalism, Les Rougen-Macquarts B. naturalism, Madame BovaryC. realism, the Human ComedyD. realism, the Charterhouse of Parma56.was the first master of fiction in Russia to leave romantic conventions and go to life for his subjects.A. Nikolai GogolB. Ivan Sergeyevich TurgenevC. Fyodor DostoyevskyD. Count Leo Tolstoy57.holds an important position in his own country's cultural history as an ethical philosopher and religious reformer.A. Nikolai GogolB. Ivan Sergeyevich TurgenevC. Fyodor DostoyevskyD. Count Leo Tolstoy58.Among Ibsen,s masterpieces,is a plea for the emancipation of women.A. GhostsB. A DolΓs HouseC. the Wild DuckD. Hedda Gabler59.Among Charles Dickens,s works,has the most intricate, complicated plot.A. Oliver TwistB. Hard TimesC. David CopperfieldD. Bleak House60.1,George Eliofs masterpiece, is regarded by some critics as the finest English novel of the 19th century.A. MiddlemarchB. The Mill on the FlossC. Adam BedeD. Silas Marner61.The term “impressionism“ was taken directly from the title of Impressionism: Sunrise (1872).A. Renoir,sB. Pissarro,sC. Manet,sD. Monet,s62.was particularly good at doing portraits of ballet dancers in opera houses.A. RenoirB. DegasC. MonetD. Pissarro63. reacted against impressionism by using color to suggest his own emoyion and temperament.A. Paul CezanneB. Paul GauguinC. Vincent van GoghD. Auguste Rodin64.In Freudian system,is the container of the instrinctual urges.A. IdB. EgoC. SuperegoD. Oedipus Comlex65.. Eliofs long poem is his major Contibution to English poetry.the Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock B. Four QuartetsC. the Waste LandD. imagism66.by James Joyce is considered his most mature work and the single best fiction ever written since the beginning of the 20th century.A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man B. DublinersC. Finnegans WakeD. Ulysses67.The term “ Angry Young Man” came to be widely used only after the publication of playLook Back in Anger (1956).A. John Osbome,sB. Kingsley Amis,sC. Allen Ginsberg,sD. Jack Kerouac,s68.poem Howl, written in 1956, was regardedas an important development in American poetry.A. John Osbome,sB. Kingsley Amis,sC. Allen Ginsberg,sD. Jack Kerouac,s69.is known as the first44 cubisf, novel: in his novels, one finds a precise, neutral description of things, registered with a camera,s eye.A. Samuel BeckettB. Nathalie SarrauteC. Jean-Paul SartreD. Alain Robbe-Grillet70.masterpiece was a play called Waiting for Godot (1952), which was rememdered as one of the mostfamous Absurd Drama. A. Nathalie Sarraute*s B. Samuel Beckett ,sC. Jean-Paul Sartre ,sD. Alain Robbe-Grillefs ∏. Match the names ofColumn A with the appropriate items of Column B.Column Ba. the founder of the inductive methodb. Don Giovannic. one of the earliest exponents of the atomic theoryd. a universal geniuse. The Execution of the Third of Mayf. Eugene Oneging. the Oedipus complexh. The Aeneidi. Fabricaj. Prometheus Unbound k. Critique of Pure Reasonl.The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs m. Encyclopedie n. the first to use the term Renaissanceo. Institutes of the Christian Religion p. the supreme figure in scholasticismq. The Betrothed r. The Social Contract s. Phaedrat. the founder of analytical geometry (b) Ten Commandments(c ) the Cantos ](d) Elements (e) Moll Flanders (f) Last Supper(g)The Waste Land(h) Paradise Lost(i)The Marriage of Figaro (j) the Starry Messenger(a) author of "The Red and the Black" (b) Polish astronomer(c)Emperor of the Romans(d) Dutch Baroque painter(e)author of the painting of MadonnaColumn A 1. Sophocles 2. Democritus 3. Virgil4. Thomas Aquinas5. Da Vinci6. John Calvin7. Andreas Vesalius8. Giorgio Vasari9. Goya10. Percy Bysshe Shelley 11. Alessandro Manzoni 12. Aleksander Pushkin 13. Immanuel Kant 14. Jean-Jacques Rousseau 15. Rene Descartes 16. Francis Bacon 17. Nicolaus Copemicus 18. Jean Racin 19. Diderot20. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 21. Euclid [ ] (a) Eugene Onegin 22. da Vinci [] 23. Galileo [] 1.1. Eliot [ 25. Milton [ 26. Defoe [ J 27. Pushkin [] 28. Mozart [] 29. Moses []( 30. Ezra Pound [] 21. Charlemagne [] 22. Raphael I ] 23. Virgil I ] 24. Copernicus [] 25. Cromwell [](f) Latin poetg) author of the poem "London" (h) Ulysses(i) leader of the English revolution(j) composer of Messiah(a) the Society of Jesus(b) Socialism : Utopian and Scientific (c) Dialogues (d) the mazurkas(e)The Counterfeiters(f) Faust(g) the Divine Comedy(h) the Advancement of Learning(i) Ulysses(j)Prometheus Unbound1. Which of the following is not true about AristotleA. In Aristotle the great humanist and the great man of science meet.B. Aristotle founded the school of the Stoics.C. Aristotle was tutor of Alexander.D. Aristotle wrote many books on logic, politics, poetry, rhetoric and other subjects. 2. Which of the following statements is true about the Roman EmpireA. The Roman Empire had never been divided.B. The Roman Empire was divided into East and West in 395 A. D.C. The Roman Empire was later called Byzantium.D. The Roman Empire was conquered by the Turks in the 15th century. 3. The Bible has been regarded as. A. a religious book B. literature C. record of great minds D. 'all of the above 4. The Catholic Church should be characterized as.A. a loosely organized religious institutionB. a highly centralized European organizationC. a highly centralized and disciplined international organizationD. a highly centralized and disciplined western organization. 5. The Crusades were wars between.A. the Arabs and the Christian PilgrimsB. the Turks and the Christians in Western EuropeC. the Christians in Western Europe and the MoslemsD. the Arabs and the Turks6. St. Thomas Aquinas defended in his works.A. feudal hierarchy of societyB. divine power of feudal rulersC. the Pope* s supremacy over secular rulersD. all of the above 7. The motto Montaigne put down in the essays was.A. What do I knowB. I doubt therefore I think.C. Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.D. Only to stand out of my light.8. Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese navigator who. A. discovered the Cape of Good Hope26. Rembrandt [] 27. Handel [] 28. William Blake [ J 29. Stendhal [] 30. James Joyce [] 21. Plato [J 22. Dante [] 23. Ignatius [ ∣ 24. Bacon [] 25. Engels [] 26. James Joyce [] 27. Shelley [] 28. Goethe [] 29. Chopin [] 30. Andre Gide []B.discovered the route to India round the Cape of Good HopeC.explored the mouth of the AmazonD.was the first to visit Cuba and Haiti9.Which of the following laws was discovered by NewtonA. Law of inertia.B. Law of faking bodies.C. Law of relativity.D. Law of universal gravitation.10.In Locke's political philosophy, the chief reason for the institution of civil government wasA. the protection of private propertyB. the upholding of free thinkingC. the abolishment of the rule of the churchD. regulation of economy11.Which of the following is" not true about the developments of the Industrial RevolutionA.The substitution of water power for human power.B.The introduction of machine.C.The beginning of the factory system.D.The growth of modem capitalism and the working class.12."Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains. "This is a remark made by.A. VoltaireB. RousseauC. DiderotD. Moliere13.In the works of can see the spirit of the Age of Reason.A. HandelB. HaydnC. BachD. Mozart14.The poem of Byron's that was translated into Chinese at the turn of the 20th centuryA. Don JuanB. Defence of PoetryC. Ode to a NightingaleD. Isles of Greece15.Throughout his his, Beethoven struggled to pass on through his music.A. the spirit of the French RevolutionB. the spirit of Byronic heroesC.ideas of a moral natureD. the praise of natural beauty3.1.is considered to be the poet of the piano.A. MozartB. ChopinD.Schumann17.Which of the following works was not written by Charles DickensA. A Tale of Two Cities.B. The Mayor of Casterbridge.C. David Copperfield.D. Pickwick Papers.18.The author of the short story The Necklace was.A. O' HenryB. Jack LondonC. Mark TwainD. Maupassant19."The apparition of these faces in the crowd/Petals on a wet, black bough. "The author of these lines was.A. William FaulknerB. Ezra PoundC. T. S. EHotD. William Butler Yeats20.regarded as the greatest Russian literary figure of the 20th century.A. ShoIokhovB. TolstoyC. ChekhovD. Gorky第二部分非选择题In the following part there are two columns. The left hand column consists of a list of names. The right hand column consists of a list of rifles, names of organizations or works. Match each name in the left handcolumn with corresponding title or organization or work in the right hand column and put the number a or b or c etc. in the bracket on the answer sheet. ( 10 points, 1 point each)21. Augustine ( ) (a) To the Lighthouse22. Aristotle ( ) (b) Ethics23. Shakespeare ( ) (c) Kubla Khan24. Mark Twain ( ) (d)A Hero of Our Time25. Titian ( ) (e) OtheIIo26, Virginia Woolf ( ) (f) Meditations27. Newton ( ) (g) The Confession28. CoIeridge ( ) (h) the Venus of Urbino29. Lermontov ( ) (i) Life on, the Mississippi30. Descartes ( ) (j ) Mathematical Principles PhilosohyGive a one-sentence answer to each Of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. ( 20 points ,2 points each )31.What are the three styles in Greek architecture32.What was Marcus Cicero noted for33.What is the importance of the Middle Ages in terms of development of culture34.Why was Jan Hus condemned to be burnt at stake35.What is the theory put forward by Copemicus in his work "The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs"36.What is Montesquieu's redefinition of law参考答案L 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. A 12. B 13.C 14. D 15.C 16. B17. E 18. D 19. B 20. D22. b 23. e 24. i 25. h 26;a 27. j 28. e 29. d 30, fm. 31. Greek architecture can be grouped into three styles: the Doric style (or the masculine style), the Ionic style(or the feminine style),and the Corinthian style.32.Marcus Cicero was noted for his oratory and fine writing style.33.The fusion and blending of different ideas and practices in the Middle ages paved the way for the development of what iv the present-day European culture.34.Because Jan Hus attacked the abases of the church in his sermons and writings.35.The theory put forward by Copernicus is that the sun, not the earth is the centre of the universe.36.Montesquieu redefined law as the necessary relationships which derive from the nature of things. Write between 100 - 120 words on the following topic in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (10 points)45. What are the distinctive features of Renaissance art45. The Renaissance art has the following distinctive features:(1) Art broke away from the domination of the church. Artists who used to be craftsmen commissioned by the church to paint the design became a separate strata like writers and poets doing noble and creative work.(2)Themes of paintings changed from purely celestial realm focusing on the stories of the Bible ,of God Jesus and Mary to an appreciation of all aspects of nature and man. Even when the themes remained celestial, the heroes were given human qualities and given strong muscles and sinews Of man.(3)The artists studied the ruins of Roman and Greek temples and put many of the principles of ancient civilization into their works. They began to be supported by individual collectors.(4)Artists introduced in their works scientific theories of anatomy and perspective.。
《欧洲文化入门》练习及参考答案
《欧洲文化入门》练习及参考答案欧洲文化入门各章练习及答案第一章填空题：1. The richness of European Culture was created by ________element and _________element. Greco-Roman Judeo-Christian2. The Homer’s epics consisted of_________. Iliad and Odyssey3. ________ is th e first writer of “problem plays”. Euripides4. __________ is called “Father of History”. Herodotus5. ________is the greatest historian that ever lived. Thucydides6. The dividing range in the Roman history refers to ________. 27 B.C.7. “I came, I saw, I conquered.” is a famous saying by _______. Julius Caesar8. The representation form of Greek Democracy is __________. citizen-assembly.判断题1. Euclid says “Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world”. (×) Archimedes2. Herodotus’s his torical writing is on the war between Anthens and Sparta. (×) Greeks and Persians名词解释：1. Pax Romana答：In the Roman history ,there came two hundred years of peaceful time, which was guaranteed by the Roman legions, it was known as Pax Romana2. “Democracy” in ancient Greece答：1）Democracy means “exercise of power by the whole people”, but in Greece by “the whole people” the Greeks meant only the adult male citizens.2）Women, children, foreigners and slaves were excluded from Democracy.论述题：1. How did the Greek Culture originate and develop?1) Probably around 1200 B.C., a war was fought between Greece and troy. This is the war that Homer refers to in his epics.2) Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B.C.A. The successful repulse of the Persian invasion early in the 5th century.B. The establishment of democracy.C. The flourishing of science, philosophy, literature, art and historical writing in Athens.3)The 5th century closed with civil war between Athens and Sparta.4) In the second half of the 4th century B.C., Greece was conquered by Alexander, king of Macedon. Whenever he wentand conquered, whenever Greek culture was found.5) Melting between Greek culture and Roman culture in 146 B.C., the Romans conquered Greece.2. What is the great significance of Greek Culture on the later-on cultural development?答：There has been an enduring excitement about classical Greek culture in Europe and elsewhere Rediscovery of Greek culture played a vital part in the Renaissance in Italy and other European countries.1) Spirit of innovationThe Greek people invented mathematics and science and philosophy; They first wrote history as opposed to mere annals; They speculated freely about the nature of the world and the ends of life, without being bound in the fetters ofany inherited orthodoxy.2) Supreme AchievementThe Greeks achieved supreme achievements in nearly all fields of human endeavour: Philosophy, science, epic poetry, comedy, historical writing, architecture, etc.3) Lasting effectA. Countless writers have quoted, borrowed from and otherwise used Homer’s epics, the tragedies of Aeschylus and Sophocles and Euripides, Aristop hanes’s comedies, Plato’s Dialogues,ect.B. In the early part of the 19th century, in England alone, three young Romantic poets expressed their admiration of Greek culture in works which have themselves become classics: Byron’s Isles of Greece, Shelley’s Hellas and Prometheus Unbound and Keats’s Ode on a Grecian Urn.C. In the 20th century, there are Homeric parallels in the Irishman James Joyce’s modernist masterpiece Ulysses.3. What is the similarity and difference between Greek culture and Roman culture?答：1) similarities:A. Both peoples had traditions rooted in the idea of the citizen-assembly.B. Their religions were alike enough for most of their deities to be readily identified, and their myths to be fused.C. Their languages worked in similar ways, both being members of the Indo-European language family.2) differences:A. The Romans built up a vast empire; the Greeks didn’t, except for the brief moment of Alexander’s conquests, which soon disintegrated.B. The Romans were confident in their own organizational power, their military and administrative capabilities.4. What is the Rome historical background?答：1) The history of Rome divided into two periods: Before the year 27 B.C., Rome had been a republic; from the year 27 B.C., Octavius took supreme power as emperor with the title of Augustus and Roman Empire began.2) Two centuries later, the Roman Empire reached its climax, marked by land a rea’s extension: Encircling the Mediterranean.3) Strong military power: the famous Roman legions.4) In the Roman history ,there came two hundred years of peaceful time, which was guaranteed by the Roman legions,it was known as Pax Romana.5) Another important contribution made by the Romans to European culture was Roman Law.6) The empire began to decline in the 3rd century.A. In the 4th century the emperor Constantine moved the capital from Rome to Byzantium.Renamed it Constantinople (modern Istanbul).B. After 395, the empire was divided into East (The Byzantine Empire) and WestC. In 476 the last emperor of the West was deposed by Goths and this marked the end of the West Roman Empire.D. The East Roman Empire collapsed when Constantinople fell to the Turks in 1453.第二章填空题：1. ___________is by far the most influential in the West. Christianity2. The Hebrews history was recorded in _________of the Bible. the Old Testament3. The New Testament is about _________. the doctrine of Jesus Christ4. The story about God’s flooding to the human being and only good-virtue being saved was recorded in Genesis,Pentateuch, the Old Testament, the Bible, which was known as _________. Noah’s Ark.5. The Birth of Jesus was recorded in ________. Matthew6. The story about Jesus being pinned in the cross to death was known as _________. The Last Supper.7. The first English version of whole Bible was translated from the Latin Vulgate in 1382 and was copied out by handby the early group of reformers led by _________. John Wycliff.名词解释:1. The Old TestamentThe Bible was divided into two sections: the Old Testament and the New Testament. The Old Testament is about God and the Laws of God. The word “Testament” means “agreement”, the agreement between God and Man.2. PentateuchThe Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the first five books, called Pentateuch. Pentateuch contains five books: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy.3. GenesisGenesis is one of the five books in Pentateuch, it tells about a religious account of the origin of the Hebrews people, including the origin of the world and of man, the career of Issac and the life of Jacob and his son Joseph.4. ExodusExodus is one of the five books in Pentateuch, it tells about a religious history of the Hebrews during their flight from Egypt, the period when they began to receive God’s Law. Joshua brought the people safely back toCanaan.5. The Book of DanielThe Book of Daniel belongs to The Old Testament of the Bible. It tells about the Hebrews being carried away into Babylon.论述简答题：1. What are the beliefs of Christianity?答：Christianity based itself on two forceful beliefs which separate it from all other religions. 1）One is that Jesus Christ is the Son of God, and that God sent him to earth to live as humans live, suffer as humans suffer, and die to redeem mankind.2）The other is that God gave his only begotten son , so that whosoever believes in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.2. What are the different translation editions of the Bible?答：1)The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as the Septuagint. And it is still in use in the Greek Church today. But it only translated the Old Testament.2) The most ancient extant Latin version of the whole Bible is the Vulgate edition, which was done in 385-405 A.D. By St. Jerome in common people’s language. It became the official Bible of the Roman Catholic Church throughout the world.3) The first English version of whole Bible was translated from the Latin Vulgate in 1382 and was copied out by hand by the early group of reformers led by John Wycliff.4) After John Wycliff’s version, appeared William Tyndale’s version. It was based on the original Hebrew and Greek sources.5) The Great Bible ordered by Henry Ⅷin 1539 to be placed in allthe English churches was in part founded on Tyndale’s work.6) The most imp ortant and influential of English Bible is the “Authorized” or “King James” version, first published in 1611. It was produced by 54 biblical scholars at the command of King James. With its simple, majestic Anglo-Saxon tongue, it is known as the greatest book in the English languages.7) The Revised Version appeared in 1885, and the standard American edition of the Revised Version in 1901.8) The Good News Bible and the New English Bible.3. What is the great significance of the translations of the bible?答：1) It is generally accepted that the English Bible and Shakespeare are two great reservoirs of Modern English.2) Miltion’s Paradise Lost, Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress, Byron’s Cain, up to the contemporary Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises, and Steinbeck’s East of Eden. They are not influenced without the effect of the Bible.第三章填空题：1. In _______ a Germanic (日耳曼) general killed the last Roman emperor and took control of the government. 4762. After 1054, the church was divided into _________ and _______. the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.3. _______ is the one who translated into Latin both Old and New Testament from the Hebrew and Greek originals. St. Jerome4. ______introduced French and Italy writing the English native alliterative verse.5. Both ___________are the best representative of the middle English. Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales6. _________ paved the way for the development of what is the present-day European culture. the Middel Ages名词解释1. the Middle agesIn European history, the thousand-year period following the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the fifth century is called the Middle Ages. The middle ages is so called because it came between ancient times and modern times. To be specific, from the 5th century to 15th century.2. FeudalismFeudalism in Europe was mainly a system of land holding—a system of holding land inexchange for military service. The word “feudalism” was derived from the Latin “feudum”, a grant of land.3. The ManorThe centre of medieval life under feudalism was the manor. Manors were founded on the fiefs of the lords. By the twelfth century manor houses were made of stone and designed as fortresses. They came to be called castles.4. Carolingian RenaissanceCarolingian Renaissance is derived from Charlemagne’s name in Latin, Carolus. The most interesting facet of this rather minor renaissance is the spectacle of Frankish or Germanic state reaching out to assimilate the riches of the Roman Classical and the Christianized Hebraic culture.5. Gothic1) The Gothic style started in France and quickly spread through all parts of Western Europe.2) It lasted from the mid-12th to the end of 15th century and, in some areas, into the 16th. More churches were built in this manner than in any other style in history.3) The Gothic was an outgrowth of the Romanesque.论述简答题：1. Why is the middle ages is called Age of Faith？答：1) During the Medieval times there was no central government to keep the order. The only organization that seemed to unite Europe was the Christian church.2) The Christian church continued to gain widespread power and influence.3) In the Late middle ages, almost everyone in western Europe wasa Christian and a member of the Christian Church. Christianity took the lead in politics, law, art, and learningfor hundreds of years.4) It shaped people’s lives. That is why the middle ages is also called the “Age of Faith”. 2. What is the great significance of the Crusades?答：1) The crusades brought the East into closer contact with the West. And they greatly influenced the history of Europe.2) During the wars while many of the feudal lords went to fight in Palestine, kings at home found opportunities to strengthen themselves. Thus among other things, Crusades helped to break down feudalism, which, in turn led to the rise of the monarchies.3) Besides, through their contact with the more cultured Byzantines and Moslems, the western Europeans changed many of their old ideas. Their desire for wealth or power began to overshadow their religious ideals.4) The Crusades also result ed in renewing people’s interest in learning and invention. By the13th century, universities had spread all over Europe. Such knowledge as Arabic numerals, algebra , and Arab medicine were introduced to the West.5) As trade increased, village and towns began to grow into cities. And the rise of towns and trade in western Europe paved the way of the growth of strong national governments.3. How did learning and science develop in the Middle Ages?答：1) Charlemagne and Carolingian Renaissance:A. He was crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by the pope in 800.B. Carolingian Renaissance is derived from Charlemagne’s name in Latin, Carolus. The most interesting facet of this rather minor renaissance is the spectacle of Frankish or Germanic state reaching out to assimilate the riches of the Roman Classical and the Christianized Hebraic culture.2) Alfred the Great and Wessex Centre of Learning:A. He promoted translations into the vernacular from Latin works.B. He also inspired the compilation of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.3) St. Thomas Aquinas and Scholasticism:4) Roger Bacon and Experimental Science:A. Roger Bacon, a monk, was one of the earliest advocates of scientific research.B. He called for careful observation and experimentation. His main work was the Opus maius.4. How did literature develop in the middle ages?答：1) The epic was the product of the Heroic Age. It was an important and mostly used form in ancient literature.“National epic” refers to the epic written in vernacular languages—that is, the languages of various national states that came into being in the Middle Ages. Literary works were no longer all written in Latin. It was the starting point of a gradual transition of European literature from Latin culture to a culture that was the combination of a variety of national characteristics. Both Beowulf and song of Roland were the representative works of the National Epics.2) Dante Alighieri and The Divine Comedy:A. His masterpiece, The Divine Comedy, is one of the landmarks of world literature.B. The poem expresses humanistic ideas which foreshadowed the spirit of Renaissance.C. Dante wrote his masterpiece in Italian rather than in Latin.3) Geoffery Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales:A. The Canterbury Tales were his most popular work.B. Most of the tales are written in verse which reflects Chaucer’s innovation by introducing into the native alliterativeverse the French and Italian styles.C. Chaucer is thus to be , regarded as the first short story teller and the first modern poet in English literature.D. Chaucer and the Canterbury Tales were representative of the Middle ages.5. What is the difference between the vernacular language used in the National epics and the vernacular language used by Mark twain?答：1) The epic was the product of the Heroic Age. It was an important and mostly used form in ancient literature.“National epic” refers to the epic written in vernacular languages—that is, the languages of various national states that came into being in the Middle Ages. Literary works were no longer all written in Latin. It was the starting point of a gradual transition of European literature from Latin culture to a culture that was the combination of a variety of national characteristics. Both Beowulf and song of Roland were the representative works of the National Epics.2) The vernacular language used by Mark twain refers to both local and colloq language used in the Mississippi area, with a strong characteristic of that region. Mark twain used vernacular language not only in dialogue, but also in narration.3) His representative works Life on the Mississippi.6. What were the power and influence of the Roman Catholic church in the Medieval times?1) With a highly centralized and disciplined international organization from priests to Pope, the Roman Catholic Church seemed to be the only unity across the western Europe of the Medieval times. It developed a civilization based on Christianity and helped to preserve and pass on the heritage of the classical cultures by the official language of Latin.2) with the Pope as the supreme head of all the Christian Churches of the western Europe, the Catholic (meaning universal) church received heavy taxes from lay people and various supports from nobles and kings. Church could remove any opponents political rights or even emperors, with the powerful symbol of the Inquisition, the Church court to punish heresy.3) The Medieval Church was the center of the Europeans’ daily life and almost everyone became a member of theChurch. People turned to the Church for comfort and spiritual guidance; the Church also was the center of holy communion, recreation, trade and communal activity.4) Clergy then was the only literate class, so kings and nobles used them to implement important secular governmental duties.5) The Church took th e lead in politics, law, art, and learning throughout the “Age of Faith”. For example, Romanesque and Gothic arts were predominantly religious; in learning, it influenced greatly the western thinking with the monks’ work on copying and translating ancient books, the Church Fathers’ philosophy, Monasticism, Scholasticism and Experimental science.6) originally for regaining the holy city of Jerusalem, the Church launched 200-year Crusades, which helped to bread down feudalism and enhanced the cultural contact between the West and the East.第四章填空题：1. Renaissance started in ________ and ________ with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture. Florence and Venice.2. In Renaissance literature of Italy, _______ was the representative poet. Petrarch3. At the heart of the Renaissance philosophy was the assertion of _________. the greatness of man.4. The idea of the greatness of man is reflected in __________ literature. Shakespeare’s5. The national religion established after reformation in England was called _______. The church of England or The Anglican Church.6. It was under the reign of _______ that reformation was successful in England. Henry Ⅷ.7. Montaigne was a French humanist known for his _______. “Essais”(Essays).8. The representative novelist of Renaissance in Spain was __________ with his famous work_______, which marked European culture entry into a new stage. Cervantes Don Quixote9. The Venus of Urbino is ___________ works. Titian10. _______ translated the whole Bible with the vernacular language. Martin Luther名词解释:1. RenaissanceGenerally speaking, Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th century. The word “Renaissance” means revival, specifically in this period of hist ory, revival of interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture. Renaissance, in essence, was a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of conservatism in feudalist Europe and introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, to lift the restrictions in all areas placed by the Roman church authorities.2. ReformationThe Reformation was a 16th century religious movement as well as a socio-political movement. It began as Martin Luther posted on the door of the castle church at the University of Wittenberg his 95 thesis. This movement which swept over the whole of Europe was aimed at opposing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with the absolute authority of the Bible. The reformists engaged themselves in translating the Bible into their mother tongues.3. Counter-ReformationBy late 1520 the Roman Catholic Church had lost its control over the church in Germany. The Roman Catholic Church did not stay idle. They mustered their forces, the dedicated Catholic groups, to examine the Church institutions and introduce reforms and improvements, to bring back its vitality. This recovery of power is often called by historiansthe Counter-Reformation.论述简答题：1. What are the Geographical Discoveries in the Renaissance?答：The Renaissance was the golden age of geographical discoveries: by the year of 1600 the surface of the known earth was doubled.1)Columbus: Columbus discovered the land of America. On his fourth voyage he explored the coast of Central America.2)Dias: Dias was a Portuguese navigator who discovered the Cape of Good Hope in 1487.3)Da Gama: Gama was a Portuguese navigator, who discovered the route to India round the Cape of Good Hope between the years of 1497 and 1498.4)Amerig：Amerigo was the Italian navigator on whose honour America was named. His discovered and explored the mouth of the Amazon and accepted South America as a new continent.2. What positive influence does the reformation exert on world culture?答:1)The Roman Catholic Church was never the international court to which all rulers and states were to be morally responsible for.2)Economically, peasants all over Europe had no need to pay a good amount of their gains to the Pope.3)In educational and cultural matters, the monopoly of the church was broken.4)In religion, Protestantism brought into being different forms of Christianity to challenge the absolute rule of the Roman Catholic Church.5)In language, the dominant position of Latin had to give way to the national languages as a result of various translations of the Bible into thevernacular.6)In spirit, absolute obedience became out-moded and the spirit of quest, debate , was ushered in by the reformists.3. What contribution did the Renaissance make to the world culture?答：1、The Renaissance created a culture which freed man to discover and enjoy the world ina way not possible under the medieval Church’s dispensation.2、The Reformation dealt the feudal theocracy a fatal blow.第五章填空题：1. The modern world, so far as mental outlook is concerned, begins in ________. the 17th century2. _________ formed the basis of all modern planetary astronomy and led to Newton’s discovery of the laws of gravitation. Kepler’s Laws3. “Knowledge is power.” By _____. Fr ancis Bacon4. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. By _____. Francis Bacon5. Leviathan is written by ________. Tomas Hobbes6. The English Revolution is also called __________. Bourgeoisie Revolution.7. In _______, the Bill of Rights was enacted by the English Parliament. 16898. There are two leaders in the English Revolution. _______ was the man of action and ________ the man of thought. Cromwell, Milton.9. The best representative of French neoclassicism is ________. Molière名词解释：1. the laws of gravitation: the sun, the moon, the earth, the planets, and all the other bodies in the universe move in accordance with the same basic force, which is call gravitation.2. ClassicismClassicism implies the revival of the forms and traditions of the ancient world, a return to works of old Greek literature from Homer to Plato and Aristotle. But French classicism of the 17th century was not conscious of being a classical revival. It intended to produce a literature, French to the core, which was worthy of Greek and classical ideals.This neoclassicism reached its climax in France in the 17th century.3. Baroque ArtBaroque Art, flourished first in Italy, and then spread to Spain, Portugal, France in south Europe and to Flander and the Netherlands in the North. It was characterized by dramaticintensity and sentimental appeal with a lot of emphasis on light and colour.论述简答1. Why do we say the 17th century is a transitional period from middle ages to the modern times?答：1) This advance began in science, in astronomy, physics and pure mathematics, owing to the work of Galileo, Kepler, Newton and Descartes.2) The outlook of educated men was transformed. There was a profound change in the conception of men’s place in the universe.3) The new science and philosophy gave a great push to the political struggle waged by the newly emerged class, the bourgeoisie, and other chasses.4) The modern world, so far as mental outlook is concerned, begins in the 17th century.2. What are the merits shared by the Great Scientists of 17th century？答：During the 17th century, the modern Scientific method began to take shape. It emphasized observation and experimentation before formulating a final explanation or generalization. Copernicus、Kepler、Galileo、Newton and other scientists of the time shared two merits which favoured the advance of science.1) First, they showed boldness in framing hypotheses.2) Second, they all had immense patience in observation.3) The combination of the two merits brought about fundamental changes in man’s scientific and philosophical thinking.3. What is Baconian Philosophical system?答：1) The whole basis of his philosophy was practical: to give mankind mastery over the forces of nature by means of scientific discoveries and inventions.2) He held that philosophy should be kept separate from theology, not intimately be blended with it as in Scholasticism.3) Bacon established the inductive method. Induction means reasoning from particular facts or individual cases to a general conclusion.. Deductive method emphasized reasoning from a known principle to the unknown and from thegeneral to the specific.4) In a word, to break with the past, and to restore man to his lost mastery of the natural world. This was what Bacon called the Great Instauration.4. What is the difference between Hobbes and Locke in terms of nature Law?答：For Locke, Nature Law, therefore, means a universally obligatory moral law promulgated by the human reason. Whereas for Hobbes it means the law of power, force and fraud.5. What is the different between Tomas Hobbes and John Locke in terms of Social Contract?1) John Lock’s Social Contract consists of :A. Society is out of necessity, convenience and man’s own interest, and therefore, society is natural to man.B. The institution of political society and government must proceed from the consent of those who are incorporated into political society and subject themselves to government.C. Locke emphasized that the social contract must be understood as involving the individual’s consent to submit to the will of the majority and that the will of the majority must prevail.D. Locke also believed that the ruler of government is one partner of the social contract. If he violates the social contract, then government is effectively dissolved. This idea was welcomed by the Americans during the AmericanRevolution and the bourgeoisie revolution in England.2 Tomas Hobbes’ Social Contract consists of:A. It is necessary that there should be a common power or government backed by force and able to punish.B. Commonwealth, in Latin, Civitas.C. To escape anarchy, men enter into a social contract, by which they submit to the sovereign. In return for conferring all their powers and strength to the sovereign, men attain peace and security.D. The powers of the sovereign must be absolute, and it is only be the centralization of authority in one person that the evil can be avoided.E. As to the form of government, Hobbes preferred monarchy.F. Government was not created by God, but by men themselves.3) Although both Tomas Hobbes and John Locke used the term “social contract”, they differed fundamentally.A. Firstly, Hobbes argued men enter a social contract to escape the state of war, for, in his view, men are enemies and at war with each other. Locke argued men are equal and that they enter a social contract by reason.B. Secondly, Hobbes argued that individuals surrender their rights to one man, the sovereign whose power is absolute.Locke argued that the individuals surrender their rights to the community as a whole. According to him, by majority vote a representative is chosen, but his power not absolute. If he fails to implement the people’s will, the people have the right to overthrow him.4. What is the great significance of the English Revolution?1、It was the first time that capitalism has defeated absolute monarchy in history.。
欧洲文化入门在线作业
《欧洲文化入门》Exercise I1．第1题Greek mythology relates the development of the order of the universe to_____ .A.PandoraB.ZeusC.ChaosD.Cronus答案：C2．第2题Greek myths reflect Greeks' exploration of the followings except___.A.social questionsB.the limits of honorC.the mysterious outer spaceD.mental contradictions and ambiguities答案：C3．第3题Many works of painting and sculpture have taken myths as their ___.A.originB.sourceC.subjectD.example答案：C4．第4题Which of the following is not true about the Greeks' belief in heroes?A.They were immortalB.They retain power after death to influence the lives of the livingC.They were also mortalD.They had exceptional power答案：A5．第5题Historical narrative is best represented in the New Testament by the___.A.Gospel of JohnB.Gospel of MatthewC.Acts of the ApostlesD.Acts of the Christians答案：C6．第6题The Romans began to represent their gods in human form ___.A.before the 6th century BCB.before coming into contact with Greek cultureC.after conquering GreeceD.after coming into contact with foreign culture答案：D7．第7题Which is not true about the heroes in Greek mythology?A.They represented a kind of bridge between gods and mortalsB.They never dieC.They got gods' favorD.They had some defect to balance out their power答案：B8．第8题By myths the Greeks could do the following except____.A.justifying their actionsB.acquiring more powerC.acquiring extra authorityD.replacing the roles of gods答案：D9．第9题Which of the following is not true about the Greek culture?A.A city-state devoted itself to a particular godB.A god's characteristics may vary from one city to anotherC.The Greeks honored the city's gods every dayD.Temples were built in honor of gods答案：C10．第10题The name Jesus suggests__.A.Jehovah's sonB.that God saves us from sinC.salvationD.sacrifice答案：B11．第11题Herod was the king who was___.A.happy to learn the birth of JesusB.jealous of JesusC.ready to help JesusD.ill then答案：B12．第12题Roman mythology is actually___.A.of Greek cultureB.not purely RomanC.from African cultureD.of Asian nature答案：B13．第13题The images of gods in Greek mythology impress us as _________.A.beings with human emotions who lived above usB.beings with human emotions who lived among usC.dominating figures with super-physical powersD.dominating figures with super-natural influence答案：B14．第14题Which is not true in the following about the disruptive deities?A.They were in fact monstersB.They were powerfulC.They were in fact mortalsD.They looked part human and part animal答案：C15．第15题The 20th-century scholars on myths pay closer attention to___.A.life and deathB.nature and cultureC.self and societyD.the content of the narratives答案：D16．第16题Mythology has exerted a great influence on the arts in___.A.all parts of the worldC.the AmericasD.Africa答案：A17．第17题Myths____.A.are all religiousB.all explain the interaction of divine and human worldsC.explain the origin of man and natureD.are all ture答案：C18．第18题Greek gods resembled human beings in the following aspects except ___.A.formB.emotionsC.authorityD.being immortal答案：D19．第19题In the Middle Ages, the ancient myths___.A.predominatedB.were dominantC.were interpreted allegoricallyD.were even more popular答案：C20．第20题Odysseus___ returned to his faithful wife after the ten-year Trojan War. A.was a Greek prince whoB.was a Trojan prince whoC.was a Greek hero whoD.was a Trojan hero who答案：C21．第21题Which of the following is not shared by Eve in Bible and Pandora in Greek myths?A.Being the first womanB.Being curiousC.Being put at the root of all evilD.Being turned from immortal to mortal答案：D22．第22题Which of the following does not contribute to our knowledge of Greek mythology?A.Written textsB.SculptureC.Painted ceramicsD.Guesswork答案：D23．第23题According to Greek myths about creation, ____was the foundation of all things.A.ZeusB.JupiterC.CronusD.Chaos答案：D24．第24题According to Greek mythology, Paris,___, which resulted in the Trojan war.A.son of King of Troy, abducted Helen, a Greek beautyB.King of Troy, abducted Helen, a Greek beautyC.son of Greek king, abducted Helen, a Trojan beautyD.King of Greek, abducted Helen, a Trojan beauty答案：A25．第25题The images of gods in Greek mythology are_________.A.as dominating as that of Christian GodB.as emotional as that of the Christian GodC.as emotional as those of humans;D.as horrible as those of monsters答案：C26．第26题By a complex process of violence, struggle, and sexual attraction,__built up the power.A.PandoraB.ZeusC.ChaosD.Cronus答案：B27．第27题Common types of myths exclude___.A.cosmic mythsB.myths of the godsC.myths of heroesD.myths of mortals答案：D28．第28题Roman writers like Virgil and Ovid were famous as they ___.A.lived about three centuries before Christ was bornB.created an inspiring Greco-Roman mythologyC.introduced the names of Greek gods into Roman cultureD.introduced the functions of Greek gods into Roman culture答案：B29．第29题No hero of Greek mythology has proved more fascinating than Oedipus for __.A.he fulfilled the prophecy of killing his father and marrying his motherB.he was abandoned by his parentsC.he was reared by a shepherdD.he survived答案：A30．第30题Which is not true in the following about the Titans?A.They were the Children of ZeusB.They were strong and largeC.They personified natureD.Cronus was among them答案：A31．第31题The deeds of the heroes Heracles and Theseus embody the conflict between___.A.life and deathB.love and hatredC.man and natureD.civilization and wild savagery答案：D32．第32题The 19th-century interpretation of myths became more___.A.geographicalB.historicalC.scientificD.practical答案：C33．第33题The history of the English Bible is the history of the formation of the English language__.A.from a mixture of French, Anglo-Norman, and Anglo-Saxon;B.from a mixture of Greek and LatinC.from a mixture of Greek and LatinD.from a mixture of Hebrew and Latin答案：A34．第34题The first complete English Bible was the work of translation by John Wycliffe from___.A.the Latin textB.the Greek textC.the Hebrew textD.the French text答案：A35．第35题The original language of the New Testament was used ___.A.as a proper vehicle for the Christian faithB.as a means of worshipC.in the church onlyD.in homes and marketplaces答案：D36．第36题Which of the following is Not included in the major themes of the Old Testament?A.the moral lawsB.the human personsC.the Holy SpiritD.God答案：C37．第37题Which of the following about Jesus is Not true according to the Gospels?A.His death testified God's relentless loveB.His actions showed God's powerC.He was the presence of God in the worldD.His words revealed God's way for his people答案：C38．第38题Which of the following is Not included in the major themes of the New Testament?A.the kingdom of GodB.the human personsC.the Holy SpiritD.God答案：B39．第39题The kingdom of God refers to__.A.the creation of GodB.the rule of GodC.the love of GodD.the land of God答案：B40．第40题Mary's pregnancy to Joseph, her husband, was ___.A.a scandalB.a luckC.incredibleD.unfortunate答案：A41．第41题According to the New Testament the Christian church __.A.identified itself as the kingdomB.spoke more of the kingdom of GodC.spoke more of salvationD.spoke more of material comfort答案：C42．第42题Early Romans regarded their gods as__.A.personsB.powers as well as personsC.powersD.powerful persons答案：C43．第43题On Mount Olympus were ___ major gods and goddesses known as the Olympians.A.tenB.twelveC.fifteenD.twenty答案：B44．第44题In the Age of Enlightenment, there was emphasis on____.A.new religionsB.rationalityC.allegorical interpretation of mythsD.the study of myths答案：B45．第45题John Wycliffe's goal of translation was __.A.to praise GodB.to give the Bible to the peopleC.to express himselfD.to explain mystery答案：B46．第46题Greek mythology reflects the following except_____ .A.how the Greeks perceived natural forcesB.how the Greeks idealized human powersC.how the Greeks understood Nature as being powerfulD.how the Greeks interpreted the world as being orderly 答案：D47．第47题The images of Cronus and Rhea reflect ___________.A.the matriarchal social system in Ancient GreeceB.the patriarchal social system in Ancient GreeceC.the communal marriage in the primitive societyD.the communal structure in the primitive society答案：C48．第48题Which of the following is not true about the Greeks?A.They produced their sacred written text like the BibleB.They recognized no single truthC.They believed no single codeD.They had various beliefs答案：A49．第49题The ancient Greeks___.A.learned myths from RomeB.firmly believed myths to be trueC.wrote many mythsD.learned myths from China答案：B50．第50题The Greeks’ sense of gods is shared by __.A.the RomansB.the JewsC.the ChristiansD.the Muslims答案：A51．第51题According to Greek mythology, ___ opened a forbidden jar and happened to release the plagues into the world.A.PandoraB.ZeusC.ChaosD.Cronus答案：A52．第52题Scholars believe that Greek mythology__.A.influenced cultures in the Middle EastB.was influenced by cultures in the Middle EastC.affected African culturesD.was affected by African cultures答案：B53．第53题In the Renaissance, the ancient myths___.A.served as sources of inspiration for artistic creationB.enjoyed new colorsC.were more poeticD.became more imaginative答案：A54．第54题___ is not included in Greek mythology as one of the three principal types of figures.A.the godsB.the devilsC.the mortalsD.the heroes答案：B55．第55题Which is not true in the following about Zeus?A.He established a new regime of godsB.He made war on his fatherC.He ruled the seaD.He made war on the Titans答案：C56．第56题The early Christians were against ___.A.Greek cultureB.Roman cultureC.Hebrew culureD.pagan culture答案：D57．第57题Greek mythology influenced Western culture in the following aspects except_.A.literatureB.architectureC.musicD.art答案：B58．第58题A myth is ___.A.an accepted narrativeB.an oral literary work traditionally acceptedC.a traditionD.a retelling答案：B59．第59题The early Hebrews___.A.concentrated on the role of a supreme godB.believed in only one godC.worshipped all the divine charactersD.followed the practice of the Greeks答案：A60．第60题The Greeks modeled relationships between ___.A.men and women on those between immortalsB.men on those between godsC.man and nature on those between godsD.gods on those between mortals答案：D61．第61题The Greeks imagined their gods to have human shape, which was__.A.somewhat realisticB.somewhat idealizedC.strongly realisticD.strongly idealized答案：D62．第62题In the search for the Golden Fleece to regain his throne, Jason ____.A.fought against the magic goddessB.married the daughter of the rulerC.fought against a dragon that never sleptD.fell in love with the daughter of the ruler答案：C63．第63题According to Greek mythology ___, which goes well with the idea of Daoism in China.A.something can be produced from nothingB.ancient Greece was a matriarchal societymunal marriage was prevalent in Ancient GreeceD.farming was the mode of production in Ancient Greece答案：A64．第64题The continuity of the New Testament with the Old is best shown in ___.A.its teaching about GodB.its teaching about JesusC.its instruction by ChristD. its claim of Jesus as a unique revelation of God答案：A65．第65题The King James version of the Bible __.A.started in the 15 centurypleted in the 15 centuryC.started in the 16 centurypleted in the 17 century答案：D66．第66题Which of the following is Not true about the early experience of Jesus?A.His family fled into EgyptB.His family stayed in Egypt until Herod's deathC.His family came into the land of Israel when Herod diedD.His family returned home at last答案：D67．第67题A gospel in the New Testament ___.A.is a series of individual accounts of acts or sayingsB.is a biography of heroesC.is an autobiographyD.is a biography of divine figures答案：A68．第68题Which of the following is Not true about Christianity in the 3rd century?A.Christianity reached EnglandB.The Bible remained in LatinC.The Bible was in the hands of the church;D.The Bible in English began to spread in England答案：D69．第69题Which of the following is Not true about the king Herod?A.He wanted to killed JesusB.He was afraid that Jesus would take his placeC.He killed all the boys where Jesus livedD.No boys of two years of age survived his brutality答案：C70．第70题William Tyndale translated the New Testament in the 16 century from ___.A.the Latin textB.the Greek textC.the Hebrew textD.the French text答案：B71．第71题According to the New Testament, the central message of Jesus was__.A.the kingdom of GodB.the human personsC.the Holy SpiritD.God答案：A72．第72题Which of the following is Not true about Jesus?A.His mother was MaryB.His real father was JosephC.His mother got pregnant after being engaged to JosephD.His mother got pregnant by the Holy Spirit答案：B73．第73题In the New Testament Jesus was portrayed as the following figure except____.A.a prophetB.the second AdamC.the Son of GodD.the almighty God答案：D74．第74题William Tyndale translated the Old Testament in the 16 century from ___.A.the Latin textB.the Greek textC.the Hebrew textD.the French text答案：C75．第75题The religious ministry of Jesus was followed by his 12 apostles for ___.A.12 is a lucky numberB.they were the only apostles Jesus hadC.they were the only apostles Jesus could selectD.Israel was made up of 12 tribes答案：D《欧洲文化入门》True or False 2True or False 21．第1题The original language of the Old Testament is Latin.答案：错误2．第2题The Roman Catholic version of the Old Testament is made up of the Jewish Bible and some other books.答案：正确3．第3题Early Christians regarded the Old Testament as an agreement God made through Moses.答案：错误4．第4题Hebrew prophetic books are made up of prophetic speeches.答案：错误5．第5题All the narratives in the Old Testament may be called salvation stories because they are concerned with showing how human beings were freed from sin.答案：错误6．第6题According to the author of the apocalyptic writings, Evil powers would struggle against God.答案：正确7．第7题Books of Moses focus on law of nature.答案：错误8．第8题The Old Testament tells the true history of the Jews.答案：错误9．第9题Early Christians regarded the New Testament as an agreement God made with Adam and Eve.答案：错误10．第10题According to the Old Testament, death is a cruel reality.答案：错误11．第11题Most of the prophetic books are Hebrew narratives in form.答案：错误12．第12题The second law in the Old Testament refers to the book of Genesis.答案：错误13．第13题The Ten Commandments are statements of human behavior.答案：错误14．第14题The most significant part of the Jewish Bible is that of the poems.答案：错误15．第15题In the Jewish Bible there are 27 books in Hebrew.答案：错误16．第16题More accurately, the patriarchal stories in Genesis should be called families stories. 答案：正确17．第17题The most significant part of the Christian Old Testament lies in books on laws.答案：正确18．第18题The book of Genesis is composed of many individual stories.答案：正确19．第19题Many books in the Old Testament are narratives because they report the events in the past.答案：正确20．第20题Recently, scholars argue for the Hebrew cultural influence on apocalyptic literature.答案：正确21．第21题The Christian Bible is made up of the Old Testament and the New Testament.答案：错误22．第22题The Old Testament is a collection of books recording oral traditions in the Near East.答案：正确23．第23题The exodus from Egyp is related to the earliest history of Israel.答案：正确24．第24题There are ten major spiritual standards in the Old Testament.答案：正确25．第25题The common feature of Hebrew poetry is rhyming.答案：错误26．第26题According to the Old Testament, Moses was a prophet.答案：正确27．第27题The Pentateuch was written by Moses.答案：正确28．第28题The historical narratives of the Old Testament are popular.答案：正确29．第29题Observing Sunday as a holy day is not included in the spiritual standards of the Old Testament.答案：错误30．第30题In terms of literature, the Old Testament is an anthology because it is a collection of myths.答案：错误31．第31题In the Jewish worship hymns are songs to explain mystery.答案：错误32．第32题The early Christian church included in the Christian Bible the written records of both theOld and the New Testament because it believed in the continuity of history and of divine activity.答案：正确33．第33题The apocalyptic writings concern the past events of the Jews.答案：错误34．第34题The books of Deuteronomy recorded Israel's whole history.答案：正确35．第35题The Old Testament is by no means a big book of different sections with different styles.答案：正确36．第36题The Protestant version of the Old Testament is made up of the Jewish Bible only.答案：正确37．第37题The major theological theme of the Old Testament is that Yahweh is the only God in the world.答案：错误38．第38题The Throne Succession History of David in the Old Testament comes closer to the modern understanding of history.答案：正确39．第39题In the prophetic literature narratives predominate.答案：错误40．第40题In the development of the Old Testament all the books came into being after oral traditions.答案：正确。
自考《欧洲文化入门试卷及答案练习题》
课程《欧洲文化入门》考试时间 120 分钟日期年月日姓名学号学院班级Ⅰ.Read the following unfinished statements or questionas carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have choosen in the corresponding spcae on the answer sheet. (40 points, 2 point for each)1.———— was the founder of scientific mathematics.A. PythagorasB. DemocritusC. AristotleD. Diogenes2. Which of the following figures was regarded as “the master of those who know”byDante?A. PlatoB. SocratesC. AristotleD. Cicero3.________ was called “the greatest historian that ever lived”by Macaulay.A. ThucydidesB. HerodotusC. SocratesD. Aristotle4. The first king to unite the Hebrews was a warrior-famer name________ .A. MosesB. JoshuaC. SaulD. David5. Who issued the Edict of Milan in 313,whick granted religious freedom to all and madeChristianity legal?A. DomitianB. ValerianC. ConstantineD. Theodosius6. The ancestors of the Jews are called Hebrews which mean ________ .A. wanderersB. travelersC. tradersD. merchants7. In the latter part of the fourth century the ________ swept into Europe from centralAsia.A. TurkishB. HunsC. AthensD. Roman8. Apart from being a place of worship, the ________ was a place for recreation and thecenter of trade and community activity.A. bridgeB. church buildingC. villageD. subway9. For two centuries beginning from the late fifteenth century,________ was the goldencity which gave birth to a whole generation of poets, scholars,artists and sculptors.A. MilanB. FlorenceC. VeniceD. the papal states10. which of the following figures knows “how to make beauty yield meaning and meaningyield beauty”?.A. BoccaccioB. ShakespeareC. RaphaelD. Petrarch11. ________ is recognized as the father of the modern European novel and has had greatimpact on world literature.A. Don QuixoteB. hamletC. Gargantua and PantagruelD. Utopia12. The English poet Alexander Pope once wrote:Nature and Nature’laws lay hid in said,“let________ be”, and all was light.A. CopernicusB. KeplerC. NewtonD. Einstein13. It is generally believed that modern philosophy begins with Francis Bacon in Englandand with ________ in France.A. CorneilleB. LockeC. RousseauD. Descartes14. The great contribution of was ________.A. the building of monasteriesB. the translation of Old and New Testaments into LatinC. the setting up of the church systemD. none of the above15. Which of the following is not true about Dante?A. Dante was a great Italian poet.B. Dante wrote BeowulfC. Dante wrote his masterpiece in ItalianD. Dante was a great political thinker16. Scientists in the 17th century,such ans Galileo and Newton,attached great importanceto ________ .A. deductive reasoningB. classical authorityC. direct observation and experimentD. humanist learning17. Which of the following is not true about Aristotle?A. In Aristotle the great humanist and the great man of science meet.B. Aristotle founded the school of the Stoics.C. Aristotle was tutor of Alexander.D. Aristotle wrote many books on logic,politics, poetry, rhetoric and other subjects.18. ________ believed that the highest good in life was pleasure, freedom from pain andemotional upheaval. .A. SophistsB. CynicsC. ScepticsD. Epicureans19. ________ is said to have told the king of Syracuse: “Give me a place to stand, andI will move the world.”A. ArchimedesB. AristotleC. PlatoD. Euclid20. In The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs,________ put forward his theory that the sun,not the earth, is the center of the universe.A. KeplerB. GalileoC. NewtonD. CopernicusⅡ.In the following part there are two left hand column consists of a list of names.The right hand column consists of a list of titles, names of organizations, worksor remarks in the right hand column and put the number a or b or c etc. in the bracket on the test paper.(10 points, 1 point each)[ ] (a)Latin version of Bible[ ] (b)The City of God[ ] (c)The Canterbury Tales[ ] (d)Aeneid25.Constantine [ ] (e)Last Supper[ ] (f)Virgin Mary[ ] (g)Edict of Milanda Vinci [ ] (h)Frogs[ ] (i)The Divine Comedy[ ] (j)OdysseyⅢ.Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following question. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the test paper.(20 points, 2 points each)many elements which constitute European culture, what are the two major ones?are the four schools of philosophers who often argued with each other in the 4th century Greece?gave birth to Christianity?does the Old Testament mainly deal with?classes were the people of weatern Europe under feudalism mainly divided into?did the Crusades go on about 200 years?the two men who made great efforts to promote learning in the Middle Ages.period does Renaissance refer to in the European history?tow most famous pictures painted by Leonardo da Vinci.established oil colour on canvas as the typical medium of the pictorial tradition in western art?each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the test paper in around 40 words.(20 points, 5points each)’democrachLockeBetween 100-120 Words on the following topic in the corresponding space on the test paper.(10 points)is Baconian philosophical system and the different between inductie method (推理法)and deductive method(演绎法)?课程《欧洲文化入门》答案Ⅰ.1-10: A, C, A, C, C, A, B, B, B, D11-20: A, C, D, B, B, C, B, D, A, DⅡ. 21a,22i,23h,24d,25g,26b,27c,28e,29f,30jⅢ.major elements are the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element.four schools of philosophers are Cynics,the Sceptics,the Epicureans and the Stoics. was the Jewish tradition that gave birth to Christianity.Old Testment is about God and the Laws of God.of western Europe under feudalism were mainly divided into three classes:clergy,lords and peasants.1071 the armies of the Turkish Moslems occupied Palestine, killing many Christain pilgrims and even selling many others as slaves, which roused great indignation among Christains in western Europe and resulted in the crusades lasting on about 200 years. are Charlemagne and Alfred the Great.refers to the period between the 14th and mid 17th century.Lisa and Last Supper are Leonardo da Vinci’s most famous pictures.was the great Venetian painter Titian.IV41.Athens was a democracy. Democracy means “exercise of power by the whole people”,butby“the whole people”the Greeks meant only the adult male citizens, and citizenship was a set of rights which a man inherited from his father.is an Anglo-Saxon epic, in alliterative verse, originating from the collective efforts of oral literature. The story is set in Denmard of Sweden and tells how the hero, Beowulf, defeats the monster Grendel and Grendel’s mother, a sea monster,but eventually receives his own death in fighting with a fire dragon.Locke was a great English empiricist and an outstanding political philosopher, whose writing on economics, politics and religion expressed the ideas of the time.deals with the return of Odysseus after the Trojan war to his home island of Ithaca.It describes many adventures he ran into on his long sea voyage and how finally he was reunited with his faithful wife Penelope.V.45.The answer as follows:1.The whole basis of his philosophy was practical: to give mankind mastery over theforces of nature by means of scientific discoveries and inventions.2.He held that philosophy should be kept separate from theology, not intimately beblended with is as in Scholasticism.3.Bacon established the inductive method. Induction means reasoning from particularfacts or individual cases to a general conclusion. Deductive method emphasized reasoning from a known principle to the unknown and from the general to the specific.4.In a word, to break with the past, and to restore man to his lost mastery of naturalworld. This was what Bacon called the Great Instauration.。
王佐良《欧洲文化入门》章节题库(启蒙运动时期)【圣才出品】
第6章启蒙运动时期一、选择题1. Who were considered as people by the ancient Athens?A. Women citizensB. AdultsC. Adult male citizensD. Foreigners and children【答案】C【解析】古代雅典人提倡民主，然而他们的民主只针对成年的男性公民，妇女、小孩、奴隶以及外国人是没有民主的。
2. Which of the following is true about Dialogues?A. Dialogues is a book written by Socrates.B. Dialogues is a record of life of Plato.C. Dialogues is a record of Socrates written by Plato.D. Dialogues i s a record of Socrates’s sayings by his followers.【答案】C【解析】《对话录》由柏拉图所著，当中的许多篇都是以苏格拉底为主角。
3. The great deed that David performed was ____.A. he took the Hebrews back to CanaanB. he killed Goliath, the philistine giantC. he went to the top of the mountain in Sinai to receive message from (~dD. none of the above【答案】B【解析】大卫：犹大和以色列的第二任国王，据旧约记载，他杀死了腓力斯巨人歌利亚，并且接替索尔任国王，他是许多赞美诗的据说的作者。
4. In the early days of Christianity, it was a religion of _____.A. the richB. the poorC. the ruling classD. all people【答案】B【解析】早期的基督教是穷人的宗教。
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作业1．第1题Which is not true about the heroes in Greek mythology?A.They represented a kind of bridge between gods and mortalsB.They never dieC.They got gods' favorD.They had some defect to balance out their power您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.02．第2题Many works of painting and sculpture have taken myths as their ___.A.originB.sourceC.subjectD.example您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.03．第3题Which of the following is not true about the Greek culture?A.A city-state devoted itself to a particular godB.A god's characteristics may vary from one city to anotherC.The Greeks honored the city's gods every dayD.Temples were built in honor of gods您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.04．第4题Which of the following is not true about the Greeks' belief in heroes?A.They were immortalB.They retain power after death to influence the lives of the livingC.They were also mortalD.They had exceptional power您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.05．第5题Herod was the king who was___.A.happy to learn the birth of JesusB.jealous of JesusC.ready to help JesusD.ill then您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.06．第6题The Romans began to represent their gods in human form ___.A.before the 6th century BCB.before coming into contact with Greek cultureC.after conquering GreeceD.after coming into contact with foreign culture您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.07．第7题Roman mythology is actually___.A.of Greek cultureB.not purely RomanC.from African cultureD.of Asian nature您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.08．第8题The images of gods in Greek mythology impress us as_________.A.beings with human emotions who lived above usB.beings with human emotions who lived among usC.dominating figures with super-physical powersD.dominating figures with super-natural influence您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.09．第9题The 20th-century scholars on myths pay closer attention to___.A.life and deathB.nature and cultureC.self and societyD.the content of the narratives您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.010．第10题Mythology has exerted a great influence on the arts in___.A.all parts of the worldC.the AmericasD.Africa您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.011．第11题The images of Cronus and Rhea reflect ___________.A.the matriarchal social system in Ancient GreeceB.the patriarchal social system in Ancient GreeceC.the communal marriage in the primitive societyD.the communal structure in the primitive society您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.012．第12题Which of the following is not true about the Greeks?A.They produced their sacred written text like the BibleB.They recognized no single truthC.They believed no single codeD.They had various beliefs您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.013．第13题The Greeks’ sense of gods is shared by __.A.the RomansB.the JewsC.the ChristiansD.the Muslims您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.014．第14题Odysseus___ returned to his faithful wife after the ten-year Trojan War.A.was a Greek prince whoB.was a Trojan prince whoC.was a Greek hero whoD.was a Trojan hero who您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.015．第15题According to Greek mythology, ___ opened a forbidden jar and happened to release the plagues into the world.A.PandoraB.ZeusC.ChaosD.Cronus您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.016．第16题A gospel in the New Testament ___.A.is a series of individual accounts of acts or sayingsB.is a biography of heroesC.is an autobiographyD.is a biography of divine figures您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.017．第17题Which of the following is Not true about Christianity in the 3rd century?A.Christianity reached EnglandB.The Bible remained in LatinC.The Bible was in the hands of the church;D.The Bible in English began to spread in England您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.018．第18题According to the New Testament, the central message of Jesus was__.A.the kingdom of GodB.the human personsC.the Holy SpiritD.God您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.019．第19题The kingdom of God refers to__.A.the creation of GodB.the rule of GodC.the love of GodD.the land of God您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.020．第20题Which of the following is Not true about Jesus?A.His mother was MaryB.His real father was JosephC.His mother got pregnant after being engaged to JosephD.His mother got pregnant by the Holy Spirit您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.021．第21题Mary's pregnancy to Joseph, her husband, was ___.A.a scandalB.a luckC.incredibleD.unfortunate您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.022．第22题In the New Testament Jesus was portrayed as the following figure except____.A.a prophetB.the second AdamC.the Son of GodD.the almighty God您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.023．第23题According to the New Testament the Christian church __.A.identified itself as the kingdomB.spoke more of the kingdom of GodC.spoke more of salvationD.spoke more of material comfort您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.024．第24题William Tyndale translated the Old Testament in the 16 century from ___.A.the Latin textB.the Greek textC.the Hebrew textD.the French text您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.025．第25题The religious ministry of Jesus was followed by his 12 apostles for ___.A.12 is a lucky numberB.they were the only apostles Jesus hadC.they were the only apostles Jesus could selectD.Israel was made up of 12 tribes您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.026．第26题It was ____who unified England for the first time.A.King Edward and his successorsB.King Arthur and his successorsC. King William and his successorsD.King Alfred and his successors您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.027．第27题1066 marked the__.A.defeat of the VikingsB.Norman Conquer of EnglandC.death of William ID.death of Alfred the Great您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.028．第28题___ is not included in Greek mythology as one of the three principal types of figures.A.the godsB.the devilsC.the mortalsD.the heroes您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.029．第29题Which is not true in the following about Zeus?A.He established a new regime of godsB.He made war on his fatherC.He ruled the seaD.He made war on the Titans您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.030．第30题According to Greek mythology, Paris,___, which resulted in the Trojan war.A.son of King of Troy, abducted Helen, a Greek beautyB.King of Troy, abducted Helen, a Greek beautyC.son of Greek king, abducted Helen, a Trojan beautyD.King of Greek, abducted Helen, a Trojan beauty您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.031．第31题The early Christians were against ___.A.Greek cultureB.Roman cultureC.Hebrew culureD.pagan culture您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.032．第32题By a complex process of violence, struggle, and sexual attraction,__built up the power.A.PandoraB.ZeusC.ChaosD.Cronus您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.033．第33题A myth is ___.A.an accepted narrativeB.an oral literary work traditionally acceptedC.a traditionD.a retelling您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.034．第34题No hero of Greek mythology has proved more fascinating thanOedipus for __.A.he fulfilled the prophecy of killing his father and marrying his motherB.he was abandoned by his parentsC.he was reared by a shepherdD.he survived您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.035．第35题The Greeks imagined their gods to have human shape,which was__.A.somewhat realisticB.somewhat idealizedC.strongly realisticD.strongly idealized您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.036．第36题According to Greek mythology ___, which goes well with the idea of Daoism in China.A.something can be produced from nothingB.ancient Greece was a matriarchal societymunal marriage was prevalent in Ancient GreeceD.farming was the mode of production in Ancient Greece您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.037．第37题The 19th-century interpretation of myths became more___.A.geographicalB.historicalC.scientificD.practical您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.038．第38题The history of the English Bible is the history of the formation of the English language__.A.from a mixture of French, Anglo-Norman, and Anglo-Saxon;B.from a mixture of Greek and LatinC.from a mixture of Greek and LatinD.from a mixture of Hebrew and Latin您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.039．第39题Which of the following is Not true about the early experience of Jesus?A.His family fled into EgyptB.His family stayed in Egypt until Herod's deathC.His family came into the land of Israel when Herod diedD.His family returned home at last您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.040．第40题Before the First Crusade, Jews__.A.lived in the monasteriesB.lived in the citiesC.were forced into the citiesD.were forced out of the cities您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.041．第41题Jews in the cities were good at__.A.doing businessB.borrowing moneyC.craftsmanshipD.farming您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.042．第42题The Late Middle Ages almost at the same time__.A.began with the RenaissanceB.began with the fall of ByzantiumC.ended with the RenaissanceD.ended with the disappearance of the Roman Catholic Church 您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.043．第43题The Spanish monarchy was __.A.set up by the ChristiansB.overcome by the MuslimsC.set up by the MuslimsD.overcome by the Jews您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.044．第44题Overgrowth of population in Europe in the Late Middle Ages caused __.A.the shortage of cultivated landB.the shortage of food supplyC.the new methods of agricultureD.the disastrous change of climate您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.045．第45题Black Death caused __.A.more harm in the countrysideB.no harm in the countryC.more harm in the citiesD.no harm in the cities您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.046．第46题In the 13th century, many schools _.A.were organized into universitiesB.gave way to universitiesC.were state-runD.were government-funded您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.047．第47题The First Crusade was important because __.A.it conquered the land of the MuslimsB.the Pope rescued the Byzantine EmpireC.it was the first example of European expansionismD.the Byzantine Empire defeated the Muslims finally您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.048．第48题Magna Carta in 1215 in England was a document that __.A.really weakened the power of the churchB.really weakened the power of the kingC.spoke for the common peopleD.spoke for the nobles您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.049．第49题Romanesque style appeared_.A.earlier than Gothic styleter than Gothic styleC.higher and lighterD.more mysterious您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.050．第50题___ were regarded as heretics in the Middle Ages.A.Those who believed in GodB.Those who did not believe in ChristianityC.Jews onlyD.Muslims only您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.0作业总得分：100.0。