欧洲文化入门复习指导1

欧洲文化入门复习指导1：

10月7号

1. Two of the elements in European culture are considered to be more enduring and they are the Greco-Roman and the Judeo-Christian element. (希腊罗马的/犹太教和基督教共有的)

2. In a more remote period of Greek history, probably around 1200 B.C, a war was fought between Greece and Troy(特洛伊).

3. Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B.C.

4. The high point of development in Greek culture was marked by the successful repulse of the Persian invasion early in the 5th century B.C, the establishment of democracy and the flourishing of science, philosophy, literature, art and historical writing in Athens.

5. The 5th century B.C, closed with civil war between Athen s and Sparta(斯巴达) in Greece.

6. In the second half of the 4th century B.C. all Greece was brought under the rule of Alexander, King of Macedon(马其顿)。

7. The Greeks loved sports. Once every four years, they had a big festival on Olympus Mount.

8. Ancient Greeks considered Homer(荷马) to be the author of their epics: the Iliad(伊利亚特) and the Odyssey（奥德赛）.

9. The Iliad deals with the alliance of the states of the southern mainland of Greece, led by Agamemnon in their war against the city of Troy.

10. The Odyssey deals with the return of Odyssey after the Trojan War to his home island Ithaca(伊萨卡).

11. In the 20th century, there are Homeric(荷马风格的) parallels in the Irishman James Joyce’s modernist masterpiece Ulysses.

12. Of many lyric poets of the Greek time, two are still admired by readers today: Sappho(萨福) and Pindar(品达).

13. The outstanding dramatists of ancient Greece were Aeschylus(埃斯库罗斯), Sophocles(索福克勒斯), Euripides(欧里庇得斯) and Aristophanes(阿里斯托芬) 14. Aeschylus wrote such plays as Prometheus Bound(被缚的普罗米修斯), Persians(波斯人), Agamemnon(阿伽门农).

15. Sophocles was the author of plays like Oedipus the King(奥狄浦斯王), Electra(埃勒克特拉), Antigone(安提戈涅).

16. The Austrian psychiatrist Sigmund Freud’s term “the Oedipus complex”(恋母情结) was also derived from Sophocles’s play.

17. Euripides wrote such plays as Andromache(安德洛玛克), Medea(美狄亚), Trojan Women(特洛伊妇女).

18. Aristophanes wrote such plays as Frogs, Clouds, Wasps(马蜂) and Birds.

19. Herodotus (希罗多德)is often called “the father of history”.