湖南大学2012年翻译硕士MTI真题及答案
2012英语考研真题答案
2012英语考研真题答案英语考研是每个考生都非常重视的一门科目。
很多考生都会密切关注历年的真题，以便更好地备考和了解自己的英语水平。
以下是2012年英语考研真题的详细答案。
听力部分答案：Section A1. D2. A3. C4. B5. D6. C7. A8. B9. C10. DSection B11. C12. B14. B15. A16. B17. C18. A19. B20. C阅读理解答案：Passage 121. D22. C23. A24. C25. DPassage 226. B27. D28. A30. DPassage 331. D32. A33. C34. B35. CTranslation答案：36. Today, people often refer to the Gulf War as another oil war.37. Paris is to France what Tokyo is to Japan.38. People should be realistic and lay the groundwork for their future.39. The college professor gave the student a crash course in economics.40. The function of a university is to guide students to a better understanding of themselves and the world.写作答案：Part 1：Directions: Write an essay of 200 words based on the following chart.参考范文：The chart illustrates the consumption of different types of beverages in a typical western country over a span of 30 years, from 1980 to 2010. It is clear that the consumption of fruit juice and bottled water increased significantly, while the consumption of carbonated drinks declined.In 1980, carbonated drinks were the most popular, with over 250 liters consumed per person per year. Fruit juice and bottled water were consumed at a much lower rate, with approximately 50 liters and 10 liters per person respectively.However, by 2010, the situation had changed dramatically. The consumption of carbonated drinks had dropped to around 100 liters per person annually, less than half of what it was in 1980. On the other hand, the consumption of fruit juice and bottled water soared to 200 liters and 80 liters respectively.There are several factors contributing to this trend. Firstly, people are becoming more health-conscious, and are opting for healthier alternatives to carbonated drinks. Secondly, the convenience of bottled water has made it a popular choice, particularly among young people. Lastly, the marketing of fruit juice as a natural and nutritious choice has increased its popularity.In conclusion, the chart highlights the change in beverage consumption patterns over the past 30 years. Carbonated drinks have been largely replaced by fruit juice and bottled water, reflecting a growing trend towards healthier choices.Part 2：Directions: Write an essay of 600 words on the following topic.参考范文：The Impact of Social Media on YouthIntroduction:In today's digital age, social media plays an influential role in the lives of young people. This essay will explore the impact of social media on youth, focusing on its positive and negative effects.Positive effects:Firstly, social media platforms allow young people to connect and communicate with others from different cultures and countries, fostering a sense of global understanding and unity. This broadens their perspectives and promotes cultural exchange.Secondly, social media provides a platform for young individuals to express themselves creatively through sharing photos, videos, and artwork. This can boost their self-esteem and confidence by gaining recognition and feedback from others.Lastly, social media offers educational opportunities, as many organizations and institutions use these platforms to share knowledge and provide online courses. This enables youth to access educational resources and expand their knowledge beyond traditional classrooms.Negative effects:On the other hand, the excessive use of social media can have detrimental effects on mental health and well-being. Young people may become addicted to social media, increasing the risk of anxiety, depression,and social isolation. The constant comparison to others' highlight reels can lead to feelings of inadequacy and low self-worth.Furthermore, cyberbullying is prevalent on social media, with young people being vulnerable to online harassment and bullying. This can have severe consequences on their mental and emotional well-being, and even lead to self-harm or suicidal thoughts.Lastly, the overexposure to curated images and idealized lifestyles on social media can distort young people's perception of reality, leading to body image issues and unhealthy behaviors like disordered eating or excessive dieting.Conclusion:In conclusion, social media has both positive and negative impacts on young people. It provides opportunities for global connections, creative expression, and online education. However, its excessive use can negatively affect mental health, contribute to cyberbullying, and distort perception of reality. It is crucial for young people to use social media in moderation, be aware of its potential risks, and seek support when needed. Additionally, parents, educators, and policymakers should work together to ensure responsible use of social media and provide necessary resources for young people to navigate the digital world effectively.。
2012年考研英语二真题全文翻译标准答案超详解析
20１2年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二）试题答案与解析Seｃtion I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文是一篇关于人物介绍的说明性文章，主要讲述了G．I. Joe由普通人成长为英雄,是美国特种兵敢死队的象征。
二、试题解析1．【答案】B【解析】本段开篇提出主题:Ｇ. I. Jｏe 这个名字对于参加过第二次世界大战的人来说意义非凡。
空格中需要填动词,在定语从句中做谓语,其主语是ｗho(指代meｎａnｄwoｍｅｎ)，动作发生的地点是ｉn ＷorlｄWar IＩ；空后的句子“theｐeoｐle they ｌiｂｅｒaｔed”中ｔhey也指代men and ｗoｍeｎ，他们有ｌiｂeratｅ的动作,由此推断“ｔhe men ａnd woｍｅｎ”指的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人,即服役的军人。
只有serve 有“服兵役”的意思,所以选B。
A 项peｒfｏrｍ意为“表现;执行;表演”;C 项rebel 意为“造反，反抗”;Ｄ项beｔｒay意为”背叛,出卖”,皆不符合文意，为干扰项。
２．【答案】Ｂ【解析】空格处所指的人与下文的ｔhe poor farm kiｄ和tｈe ｇuy在含义上呼应,同时与空格后的“ｇrown intoherｏ”逻辑含义应保持一致,因此空内信息应该是与hero“英雄”意思相对,后面的分句说他背井离乡,经历了很多苦难，显然这里应该是说由普通人平凡人（commoｎman）成长为英雄,所以选B。
A 项actual 意为“实际上,事实上的”；C 项ｓpeｃｉａl 意为“特殊的,专门的”;Ｄ项normaｌ意为“正常的,常态的”；皆不符合上下文语意,为干扰项。
３．【答案】A【解析】本题考查的是词语的搭配关系，需要填入动词在定语从句中做谓语，先行词是ｗho（the gｕy)，宾语是aｌl thｅburdeｎs of baｔtle，要表达“承担战争带来的负担,应该用动词beaｒ或ｓｈｏｕldeｒ,所以这里选A，boｒe。
2012年湖南师范大学翻译硕士(MTI)汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷.doc
2012年湖南师范大学翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷(总分：14.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、名词解释(总题数：1，分数：10.00)请简要解释以下段落中画线部分的知识点：（分数：10.00）(1).今年的八国集团峰会已经在美国佐治亚州的“大海”小岛（Sea Island）上曲终人散。
近年来，每逢八国集团峰会召开时，都会在中国和世界引起对一个话题的讨论甚至争论——中国是否应该加入八国集团。
八国集团成立之初只是一个小型委员会，当时会晤的目的是讨论当时正受石油危机影响的世界经济。
如今，八国集团已成为一个“大国俱乐部”。
政治上，联合国安理会 5个常任理事国中，除中国外，其余4个都是八国集团成员；经济上，八国集团成员国内总产值约占世界的70％，并控制了全球80％的经济活动和70％的财富；军事上，G8中有6个北约成员国和4个核大国，拥有全球99％的核武器。
由于成员国实力强大，八国集团正在日益成为对全球具有多方面广泛影响的大国论坛。
“它可以像国际货币基金组织那样处理经济问题，也可以像北约那样处理军事问题”。
（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (2).美国既是全球化游戏的主角，又是这场游戏的规则制定者，还是这场游戏的主裁判。
由此推出的结论只能是：如果全球化真的是一个陷阱，那么这个陷阱的设计者正是美国。
事实应验并在继续验证着作者的上述判断：财大气粗的美国充当了解决墨西哥金融危机（它被一些国际金融家们称为全球化的第一次危机）的救世主；即使是强大的日本和联手抗衡山姆大叔的欧共体，也不得不在一次次日美或欧美的贸易战中滚下擂台。
如果说这些事例还不足引证的话，那么，刚刚发生的科索沃危机应该可以让人们相信上述判断了。
美国人几乎是全权代表了欧洲人来处理“欧洲事务”（准确地说，是一个欧洲国家内部的民族事务），而其处理方式和行事风格又是如此地令欧洲人自己“羞愧弗如”而又“心向往之”。
2012全国53所高校MTI真题汇总(网友回忆版)-汉语写作和百科知识单元
2012年全国53所高校MTI真题（网友回忆版）汉语写作和百科知识单元目录1. 对外经贸大学 (1)2. 北京大学 (2)3. 北二外 (2)4. 北京外国语学院 (3)5. 北林 (3)6. 首师大 (3)7. 北京科技大学 (5)8. 北京师范大学 (5)9. 北京交通大学 (6)10. 中石油（北京） (6)11. 北京航空航天大学 (6)12. 北京语言大学 (7)13. 复旦大学 (7)14. 上海交通大学 (8)15. 同济大学 (8)16. 郑州大学 (9)17. 上海外国语大学 (9)18. 上海大学 (14)19. 上海东华大学 (16)20. 华东师范 (16)21. 华中师范 (16)22. 华中科技大学 (17)23. 东南大学 (17)24. 西安外国语 (17)25. 南京农业大学 (18)26. 南京大学 (18)27. 南京师范大学 (19)28. 大连海事大学 (19)29. 天津外国语 (19)30. 天津大学 (20)31. 南开大学 (20)32. 广外 (21)33. 暨南大学 (21)34. 湖南师大 (21)35. 四川外国语 (22)36. 四川大学 (22)37. 山东大学 (23)38. 青岛大学 (23)39. 苏州大学 (23)40. 吉林大学 (24)41. 西工大 (25)42. 西财 (25)43. 浙江大学 (25)44. 重庆大学 (26)45. 武汉大学 (26)46. 贵州大学 (27)47. 扬州大学 (27)48. 福师大 (28)49. 中国海洋大学 (28)50. 中南大学 (28)51. 上海海事大学 (29)52. 云南师范大学 (29)53. 湖南大学 (29)1. 对外经贸大学百科：史记包含的五类，初唐四杰，初唐四大书法家，最大规模农民战争，唐代山水诗派代表，苦吟诗人，“飞流直下三千尺，疑是银河落九天”是哪首诗的，中国画祖之类，看过一遍中国文化的应该都问题不大，但明年就说不定了。
2012湖南大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题
2012湖南大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题（回忆版）翻译硕士英语第一题八篇阅读，四选一形式。
关于儿童的boredom，维生素的功能，二战时德国船舰被苏联击沉事件，第九篇阅读是谷歌的创建过程，此题为简答类型。
第二题，选择，有句法语法词汇题。
第三题，完形填空，讲的是职业选择。
上述三题一共有85个题目。
第四题英语作文，“知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者”，写一篇comment，不少于四百字。
翻译基础中国特色社会主义基础设施建设节能市场机制醉驾新兴经济经济增长模式国际惯例clean energyrule of lawcapacity buildinghit-and-runglobal climate changegreen house emissionpeaceful coexistencemedia publicityimprove people's livelihoodincentive policy英译汉是关于housing bubble,选自TIME，如下。
Homeownership has let us down. For generations, Americans believed that owning a home was an axiomatic good. Our political leaders hammered home the point. Herbert Hoover argued that homeownership could "change the very physical, mental and moral fiber of one's own children." Franklin Roosevelt held that a country of homeowners was "unconquerable." Homeownership could even, in the words of George H.W. Bush's Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Jack Kemp, "save babies, save children, save families and save America." A house with a front lawn and a picket fence wasn't just a nice place to live or a risk-free investment; it was a wayto transform a nation.Houses owned by the people who lived in them, we believed, created social and financial stability — more-involved citizens, safer neighborhoods, kids who did better in school. No wonder leaders of all political stripes wanted to spend more than $100 billion a year on subsidies and tax breaks to encourage people to buy.The dark side of homeownership is now all too apparent: foreclosures and walkaways, neighborhoods plagued by abandoned properties and plummeting home values, a nation in which families have $6 trillion less in housing wealth than they did just three years ago. Indeed, easy lending stimulated by the cult of homeownership may have triggered the financial crisis and led directly to its biggest bailout, that of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Housing remains a drag on the economy. Existing-home sales in July dropped 27% from the prior month, exacerbating fears of a double-dipAnd all that is just the obvious tale of a housing bubble and what happened when it popped. The real story is deeper and darker still汉译英是骆驼祥子选段。
2012年湖南大学外国语与国际教育学院448汉语写作与百科知识[专业硕士]考研真题
![2012年湖南大学外国语与国际教育学院448汉语写作与百科知识[专业硕士]考研真题](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/4f42f11cbe23482fb4da4ce5.png)
C．英国
十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
D．法国
25．《威尼斯商人》中癿吝啬鬼形象人物是 A．阿巴公 B．夏洛克 C．葛朗台 D．泼留希金
注意：以下 16-25 题为日语翻译硕士考生必做题： 16．第二次世界大戓后，被处死癿日本甲级戓犯中哪位时任内阁首相？ A．广田弘毅 B．东条英机 C．土肥原 D 東井石根
B．众议院
十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
C．众参两院
D．内阁
二、应用文写作（兯 40 分）（英语翻译硕士和日语翻译病士考生必做题） 简历是当今社会人才自我推销癿一种必备资料。假设佝是一名刚从大学毕癿学生，请根 据个人情况拟写一份求职简历。（丌得在简历中逋露本人癿真实信息，凡牵涉到具体癿人名、 地名，请一律用 xxx 表示。）
14．提倡“中学为体，西学为用”癿清末大臣是哪一位？ A．康有为 B．胡适． C．张之洞
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圣才电子书
D．吴佞孚
十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
15．古代人们用来当酒杯癿青铜器叫： A．敦 B．尊 C．鼎 D．爵
第二部分 注意：以下 16-25 题为英语翻译硕士考生必做题： 16．莎士比亖笔下癿罗密欧不朱丽叶是哪国人？ A．英国 B．意大利 C．法国 D．美国
17．西斱著名作曲家中被称为“亙响乐之父”癿是： A．海顿 B．莫扎特 C．贝多芬 D．舒伯特
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圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
18．“WHO”代表什么世界组织 A．世界石油输出国组织 B．世界绿色和平组织 C．世界卫生组织 D．世界贸易组织
23．下列佛教名宗中哪个是日本癿宗派？ A．华严宗 B．禅宗 C．法华宗 D 密宗
2012 多所高校翻译硕士真题 回忆版
山大2012翻译硕士真题回忆英语翻译基础一 20道选择，语法和词汇共20分二 10道选择，改错共10分三阅读，2篇选择题的，每篇大约6、7道选择。
1篇回答问题的，3个问，每题要求40词，尽量用自己的话 1篇要求写 summary ，文章挺长，8分四作文，题目是给了一个叫 john某某的名人名言，曰：“Contended with little yet wishing for more” 写300字题量大，建议开始就抓紧时间。
词汇量的积累将大有帮助。
英语翻译基础术语英译汉comfort stationaffirmative actionclinic psychologyanti-federalistgold rush"A Level "Baimuda triangleAIDSIQRenaissancelynching术语汉译英：航空航天医学高峰会议储蓄银行外汇集中营中国社会科学院负翁“一国两制”基本国策社会主义市场经济主页临时工文人画文化产业水利工程枢纽篇章英译汉是物理方面的，大意是物理学上你永远不可能有绝对的定论，实验结果你不断验证你的理论是对的，但一旦有不同的实验结果，结论就会被推翻。
小扯了一下爱因斯坦的相对论和牛顿的万有引力定律。
汉译英是科教兴国（翻译练习中挺常见到的文种）百科与写作百科口头禅城狐社鼠注意经济学科学模型皈依孝贤良仁生态旅游易卜生主义哥特式小说科学发展管理学财政学社会达尔文主义行政法刑法机械论空想主义应用文随着市民养宠物现象增多，带来的问题增多。
有的人喜欢宠物，有人不喜欢。
引发人们之间的矛盾。
也假设你是某都市报记者，写一篇社区规范养宠物的倡议书。
450字左右大作文以身体健康和生活幸福为题。
讲讲健康的重要性，影响健康的因素，养成良好生活习惯的必要性和意义。
800字建议大家扩大词汇量，不然还是很吃亏的。
作文拼命写，此招尤为提百科与写作分数的办法。
这份卷子山大出作文题目前总是很照顾考生实际，比较接地气。
2012年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析
2012 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文是一篇关于人物介绍的说明性文章，主要讲述了G. I. Joe 由普通人成长为英雄，是美国特种兵敢死队的象征。
二、试题解析1．【答案】B【解析】本段开篇提出主题：G. I. Joe 这个名字对于参加过第二次世界大战的人来说意义非凡。
空格中需要填动词，在定语从句中做谓语，其主语是who（指代men and women），动作发生的地点是in World War II；空后的句子“the people they liberated”中 they也指代 men and women，他们有 liberate的动作，由此推断“the men and women”指的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人，即服役的军人。
只有serve 有“服兵役”的意思，所以选 B。
A 项 perform 意为“表现；执行；表演”；C 项 rebel 意为“造反，反抗”；D 项 betray 意为”背叛，出卖”，皆不符合文意，为干扰项。
2．【答案】B【解析】空格处所指的人与下文的 the poor farm kid 和 the guy 在含义上呼应，同时与空格后的“grown intohero”逻辑含义应保持一致，因此空内信息应该是与hero“英雄”意思相对，后面的分句说他背井离乡，经历了很多苦难，显然这里应该是说由普通人平凡人（common man）成长为英雄，所以选 B。
A 项actual 意为“实际上，事实上的”；C 项special 意为“特殊的，专门的”；D 项normal 意为“正常的，常态的”；皆不符合上下文语意，为干扰项。
3．【答案】A【解析】本题考查的是词语的搭配关系，需要填入动词在定语从句中做谓语，先行词是who（the guy），宾语是all the burdens of battle，要表达“承担战争带来的负担，应该用动词bear 或shoulder，所以这里选 A，bore。
2012年考研英语翻译部分答案
2012年考研英语(二)翻译部分答案When people in developing countries worry about migration, they are usually concerned at the prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world. These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain, Canada Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates。
发展中国家的人们若为移民问题操心，往往是想到硅谷或发达国家的医院和大学去创造自己最辉煌的未来。
英国、加拿大和澳大利亚等国给大学毕业生提供的优惠移民政策，就是为了吸引这部分人群。
Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate. A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40% of emigrants had more than a high-school education, compared with around 3.3% of all Indians over the age of 25. The “brain drain” has long bothered policymakers in poor countries. They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities, worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make。
湖南大学翻译硕士汉语写作学位MTI考试真题2012年.doc
湖南大学翻译硕士汉语写作学位MTI考试真题2012年(总分：170.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}第一部分百科知识{{/B}}(总题数：3，分数：70.00)1. 世界上现存最大的佛教艺术宝库是______。
∙ A.龙门石窟∙ B.云冈石窟∙ C.敦煌石窟∙ D.大足石窟ABCD(1).世界上现存最大的佛教艺术宝库是______。
∙ A.龙门石窟∙ B.云冈石窟∙ C.敦煌石窟∙ D.大足石窟（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).我国四大名亭中哪一座亭名是毛泽东题写的?______∙ A.醉翁亭∙ B.湖心亭∙ C.陶然亭∙ D.爱晚亭（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).下列古都哪个被称为“六朝古都”?______∙ A.洛阳∙ B.北京∙ C.南京∙ D.西安A.B.C.D.(4).“成也萧何，败也萧何”说的是谁的经历?______∙ A.刘邦∙ B.韩信∙ C.张良∙ D.项羽（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).下列哪一部属于儒家经典“四书五经”的五经?______∙ A.春秋∙ B.中庸∙ C.论语∙ D.大学（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(6).2011年11月28日的班德气候变化大会在哪里召开?______∙ A.希腊∙ B.南非∙ C.埃及∙ D.利比亚（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(7).我国最早的神话小说是______。
∙ A.《山海经》∙ B.《古镜记》∙ C.《世说新语》∙ D.《搜神记》A.B.C.D.(8).徐志摩、胡适等作家属于哪一个文学流派?______∙ A.江湖派∙ B.桐城派∙ C.公安派∙ D.新月派（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(9).我国道家学派的创始人是______。
∙ A.孔子∙ B.庄子∙ C.老子∙ D.孟子（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(10).成语“趋之若鹜”中的鹜是哪一种动物?______∙ A.野鸭∙ B.马∙ C.乌鸦∙ D.老鹰（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(11).“天下第一书”《兰亭集序》是哪一位古代书法家的杰作?______∙ A.张旭∙ B.王献之∙ C.王羲之∙ D.张芝A.B.C.D.(12).中国古代四大美女中的“沉鱼”是用来形容哪一位的?______∙ A.西施∙ B.王昭君∙ C.杨贵妃∙ D.貂蝉（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(13).“山重水复疑无路，柳暗花明又一村”是谁的诗句?______∙ A.李白∙ B.辛弃疾∙ C.苏轼∙ D.陆游（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(14).提倡“中学为体，西学为用”的清末大臣是哪一位?______∙ A.康有为∙ B.胡适∙ C.张之洞∙ D.吴佩孚（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(15).古代人们用来当酒杯的青铜器叫______。
2012年湖南师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2012年湖南师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解I. Each of the following sentences is incomplete and is followed by four Choices marked A, B,C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and write the letter of your choice on the answer sheet. (20%)1. “Why can’t I smoke here?“At no time _____ in the meeting-room.”A. is smoking permittedB .smoking is permittedC. smoking is it permittedD. does smoking permit【答案】A【解析】句意：“为什么我不能在这儿吸烟？”“在会议室任何时间都禁止吸烟。
”at no time时间状语提前，句子用部分倒装，即把助动词或情态动词放到主语前。
所以is提前，smoking跟在is之后。
2. If the dog hadn’t barked loudly, we _____ caught red-handed.A. won’t have beenB. needn’t have beenC. mustn’t have beenD. shouldn’t have been【答案】D【解析】句意：如果不是因为狗大叫，我们不可能被当场抓住。
表示对过去的虚拟，主句用would /should /might /could have +动词过去分词。
needn’t have done表示表示本来不必做某事，但实际上却做了。
mustn’t表示禁止，mustn’t have done sth这种形式不存在，must have done sth“一定做过某事”的否定形式是can’t/couldn’t have done sth，表示“不可能做过某事”。
2012年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析
2012 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文是一篇关于人物介绍的说明性文章，主要讲述了G. I. Joe 由普通人成长为英雄，是美国特种兵敢死队的象征。
二、试题解析1．【答案】B【解析】本段开篇提出主题：G. I. Joe 这个名字对于参加过第二次世界大战的人来说意义非凡。
空格中需要填动词，在定语从句中做谓语，其主语是who（指代men and women），动作发生的地点是in World War II；空后的句子“the people they liberated”中they也指代men and women，他们有liberate的动作，由此推断“the men and women”指的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人，即服役的军人。
只有serve 有“服兵役”的意思，所以选B。
A 项perform 意为“表现；执行；表演”；C 项rebel 意为“造反，反抗”；D 项betray 意为”背叛，出卖”，皆不符合文意，为干扰项。
2．【答案】B【解析】空格处所指的人与下文的the poor farm kid 和the guy 在含义上呼应，同时与空格后的“grown intohero”逻辑含义应保持一致，因此空内信息应该是与hero“英雄”意思相对，后面的分句说他背井离乡，经历了很多苦难，显然这里应该是说由普通人平凡人（common man）成长为英雄，所以选B。
A 项actual 意为“实际上，事实上的”；C 项special 意为“特殊的，专门的”；D 项normal 意为“正常的，常态的”；皆不符合上下文语意，为干扰项。
3．【答案】A【解析】本题考查的是词语的搭配关系，需要填入动词在定语从句中做谓语，先行词是who（the guy），宾语是all the burdens of battle，要表达“承担战争带来的负担，应该用动词bear 或shoulder，所以这里选A，bore。
2012研究生考试英语真题及参考答案（解析）
Section I Use of English 1.【答案】B 【解析】从空后的句⼦“他们解放的⼈们”可以看出，空前的句⼦表⽰的应该是参加了第⼆次⼤战的男⼈和⼥⼈。
只有serve有“服兵役”的意思，所以选B。
其他都不符合题意。
2.【答案】B 【解析】空内信息应该是与hero“英雄”意思相对，后⾯的分句说他背井离乡，经历了很多苦难，显然这⾥应该是说由普通⼈平凡⼈(common man)成长为英雄，所以选B。
3.【答案】A 【解析】本题考查的是词语的搭配关系，承担战争带来的负担，应该⽤动词bear或shoulder，所以这⾥选A，bore。
4.【答案】A 【解析】necessities表⽰“⽣活必需品”，空外信息food和shelter(⾷物和住宿)这些就是维持⽣存最起码的条件。
Facilities 是设备设施，commodities商品，properties财产，均不符合题意。
5.【答案】C 【解析】not…but，“不是，⽽是”表转折，不是⾃愿兵，也没有⾼的报酬，⽽是⼀个普通⼈。
所以选C。
6.【答案】D 【解析】这道题主要考查介词的搭配。
根据up______(the best trained, bestequipped, fiercest, most brutal).enemies可以知道是起来反抗敌⼈，所以选D选项against。
7.【答案】C 【解析】GI。
在军事上是Government Issue 的缩略语，所以，GL。
这个符号就是象征着这个全称Government Issue。
选C。
8.【答案】A 【解析】该句意思为，GI。
这个符号出现在给⼠兵分发的所有物品上，hand out “分发，发放”符合题意。
Turn over “移交”，bring back“带回”，pass down“传承，⼀代⼀代传下来”在句意上都说不通。
9.【答案】C 【解析】空所在句⼦的语境为：Joe是个普通名词，⼀个从未爬到社会顶层的⼈的名字。
湖南大学2012级硕士研究生普通语言学试题
2012级英语专业硕士研究生普通语言学试题1.Is there FL (faculty of Language) in an individual's brain? Why or why not? (20 points)Actually I quite agree with Chomsky’s statements that among the human cognitive systems is a “faculty of language”(FL), to borrow a traditional term: some subsystem of the brain. FL is close to uniform for humans: it is a genuine species property. The theory of the faculty of language is called universal grammar(UG). Universal grammar is a theory in linguistics, usually credited to Noam Chomsky, proposing that the ability to learn grammar is hard-wired into the brain. The theory suggests that linguistic ability manifests itself without being taught, and that there are properties that all naturalhuman languages share. It is a matter of observation and experimentation to determine precisely what abilities are innate and what properties are shared by all languages.Chomsky believes that language is somewhat innate, and that children are born with what he calls a language acquisition device(LAD),which is a unique kind of knowledge that fits them for language learning. He argues that the child comes into the world with specific innate endowment, not only with general tendencies or potentialities, but also with knowledge of the nature of the world, and specifically with knowledge of the nature of language. According to this view, children are born with the knowledge of the basic grammatical relations and categories, and this knowledge is universal. This innateness hypothesis is based on the observation that some important facts can never be otherwise explained adequately. For example:1). Children learn their native language very fast and with little effort. Considering the fact that small children are not yet intellectually mature for any other sciences. This is surprisingly fast and can’t be explained by other theories except the innateness hypothesis.2). There are other facts that are puzzling if language is not innate. Children learn their mother tongue in very different environments. But they follow more or less the same stages in acquisition: the babbling stage, nonsense word stage , holophrastic stage, two-word utterance, developing grammar, near adult grammar, and full competence.3). The child learns the total grammar of the language during a limited period of time, from limited exposure to speech. He can not only produce and understand sentences he has heard, but also sentences he has never heard before. What he learns seems tobe s set of rules rather than individual sentences.If there isn’t an FL in the brain, how they can achieve this? That is to say that there must be a faculty of language in the brain to facilitate people to learn language.2.What are the differences between structuralism and formalism? (20 points) Structuralism and formalism may sound like they should mean the same thing, but they are different. Structural linguistics is an approach to linguistics originating from the work of Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure. And it stresses examining language as a static system of interconnected units. But formalism, also called Generative linguistics, founded by Norm Chomsky, is a school of thought within linguistics that makes use of the concept of a generative grammar which is a finite set of rules that can be applied to generate all those and only those sentences (often, but not necessarily, infinite in number) that are grammatical in a given language.The main differences between them are as follows:1.Structural linguistics focus on the systematic analysis and description of the language forms(especially the spoken language), while Transformation-generative grammar, founded by Chomsky mainly reveals the universal grammar in human mind.2.From the theoretical perspective, the structuralism is based on the empiricism but the formalism is based on the rationalism. From the psychological perspective, the former one is based on the behaviorism while the latter one is based on the mentalism.3.The foundation of structural linguistics is a "sign," which in turn has two components: a "signified" is an idea or concept, while the "signifier" is a means of expressing the signified. The "sign" is thus the combined association of signifier and signified. Signs can be defined only by being placed in contrast with other signs, which forms the basis of what later became the paradigmatic dimension of semiotic organization. While formalism theory is distinguished from other traditions by distinguishing competence and performance, which distinguishes in the act of speech its linguistic capacity. Thus, under this approach, each speaker has a linguistic organ specialized in the analysis and production of complex structures forming the speech.4.Structural linguistics was efficient for phonology and morphology, because both have a finite number of units that the linguist can collect. Structural linguistics was not sufficient for syntax, reasoning that an infinite number of sentences could be uttered, rendering a complete collection impossible. Instead, Chomsky proposed the job of the linguist was to create a small set of rules that could generate all the sentences of a language, and nothing but those sentences.5.Saussure advocated the structure of language has nothing to do with history , he thinks that diachronic language study cannot explain the process of language creation. in fact, the basic relationship that play an important role in the language is the equivalent relationship between the symbols and meaning. All kinds of meanings contact with each other and depend on each other to form a synchronic language system. While generative grammar to with the rationalism as philosophical foundation, emphasize to explain people's language ability , not only the description of language behavior. What it will study is to embody cognitive system and the universal grammar in the human brain . Language is not the actual things that exists. This concept is derived from grammar, and only grammar is in existence. Therefore, the TG theory is defined as the study of the grammar and not the language.3.In what aspects does Cognitive Linguistics differ from Formal Linguistics? (20 points)In linguistics, cognitive linguistics (CL) refers to the branch of linguistics that interprets language in terms of the concepts, sometimes universal, sometimes specific to a particular tongue, which underlie its forms. While formalism linguistics is the mainstream of the international linguistics research. Its main purpose is to establish a system of a set of formal principles and rules, trying to find out the explanation of language phenomena from the internal language structure .The difference between the two theories are as follows:1. Cognitive linguistics thinks that the person’s language ability is not an independent ability, but is closely related to a general cognitive ability. While the formalism linguistics thinks that language ability is independent of the other abilities. And it makes the syntax as an independent part ,even as a core autonomy system, and then divided into lexical, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics, etc.2. Being opposite with the formalism linguistics, cognitive linguistics thinks that syntax as a part of the language structure is not sufficient. What is more important is the close relation of the syntax and the lexical as well as the semantics.3. The cognitive linguistics thinks that semantics is not only the truth condition, but the combination of subjective and objective, and the semantic always involves people's subjective opinions and psychological factors. But the formalism linguistics defines semantic only according to the true value condition, for example, the meaning of the word "chair" is made up of the objective semantic components,such as the "four legs", "back", "a plane that can sit " and so on. Things that satisfy all these conditions is a chair.4. Cognitive linguistics believes that various categories of units in language, as most established categories, is discrete, and has no clear boundary. But the formalism linguistics tend to think anything in language, such as different classes of word and syntax component , etc. are all with clear boundary and alternative. For example, a noun can not be a verb, and a subject cannot be the object.5. Cognitive linguistics also pays full attention to the influence of the different nationalities' cognitive characteristics on language expression when they admit human cognitive universals at the same time. But formalism linguistics doesn’t.4.Is children early syntactic development based on rules or based on usage? Why?(20 points)Some people consider that children early syntactic development were limited by the universals, so the development is based on rules, while others believe that the motivation of the early language development is from the language environment and usage. I think that it’s mainly based on the rules. The reason are as follows:1.The researchers who believe that the development is based on the rules, make a hypothesis that the children early word combination, which seems to be an easy and simple process, is actually a complex one. It is similar to the adult grammar. And it has the basic grammatical features of the target language and is controlled by the universal grammar. The universal grammar consists of the rules and parameters. The rules prescribe the basic principles for all the human language, and constraint the possible language forms. While the parameters allow the parametric variation which is based on the experience. This reflects the differences among the individuals.2.The universal grammar is considered as the innate and potential language knowledge in the mind and is the original state of language acquisition. This belief and the later research about the parameter missetting by Hyams explain the phenomenon that the early syntactic development is not necessary to obey the grammar of the target language, but it doesn’t mean that the development can change casually. Oppositely, the development os under the constraints of the universal grammar from the beginning and their language behaviors are all in the scope of the universal rules. Thus the researches based on the rules mainly discuss the syntactic structures and their growth and development under the constraints of the rules. But this thought can’t explain the irregularity and limits in the early development of the children syntactics.3. Chomsky believes that language is somewhat innate, and that children are born with what he calls a language acquisition device(LAD),which is a unique kind of knowledge that fits them for language learning. According to this view, children are born with the knowledge of the basic grammatical relations and categories, and this knowledge is universal. This innateness hypothesis is based on the observation that some important facts can never be otherwise explained adequately. For example: 1). Children learn their native language very fast and with little effort, and 2). There are other facts that are puzzling if language is not innate.But it doesn’t mean that the usage has nothing to with the children early syntactic development.It explains the importance and key influence of the language environment, usage and the general cognitive process on the children syntactic development.So the children early syntactic development is based on both the rules and the basis of usage also have some influence on it. These two theories explains the importance and specific influence of the innate knowledge and the acquired environment on the early syntactic development.5. In what aspects does L2 Acquisition differ from L1 Acquisition? (20 points)The differences between the L2 Acquisition L1 Acquisition lie in the following 3 aspects:I. Differences in learners:1. Age: L1 learner as a child has innate capacity for learning language according to nativist theories.2.Motivation: a child had strong motivation for learning L1 to satisfy his or her basic need in communication. L2 learner motivation is much weaker.3.Linguistic knowledge: L1 learner has no previous knowledge of language while L2 leaner approaches the task already known a language, he or she potentially transfers these knowledge.4.Cultural knowledge: L1 learner acquires the cultural norms in the process of acquiring language while the L2 learner has already acquired a set of cultural values, these may enhance or hinder L2 learning.5.Fossilization: the leaner’s grammar is may fossilize. Fossilization occurs when learner’s stop learning while their internalized grammar contains rules different from those of the target system. This failure to reach native-like competence is common in SLA. It does not happen in L1.6.Nervousness about speaking: the fear of making mistakes when speaking the target language. For the L2 learners, of whom are often adolescents and adults, they are usually afraid of making mistakes because they think these mistakes will make them be laughed at by others, but L1 learners, of whom are child, will never take this into consideration.II. Differences in learning conditions:1.Free to be silent: for the L1 learners, they are allowed to be silent, but the L2 learners can’t.2.Opportunities to practice the language: for L1 learners, they have the complete exposure to talk and contact with the native speakers,while the L2 learners usually have opportunities to practice it in the classroom.3.Corrective feedback: for the L1 learners, they usually receive the correct feedback from the meaning and word choice, while for L2 learners, they usually receive the correct feedback from grammar and pronunciation.III. Differences in research styles:1.Purposes and focuses : L1 acquisition researches are always focus on the theoretical purposes and learner strategies , while the L2 acquisition researches are focus on the applied purposes and input.2.Methods: L1 researches usually apply the method of case studies, while L2 with groups of subjects.3.Settings: L1 acquisition researches are studied under the natural setting, while L2 research with the classroom setting.。
湖南师范大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2012年
湖南师范大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2012年(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART Ⅰ TRANSLATION OF WORDS AND PHRASES(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A ENGLISH TO CHINESE(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Queensland（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Queensland昆士兰州2.Quebec（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Quebec魁北克3.Santa Claus（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Santa Claus圣诞老人4.Sir Walter Scott（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Sir Walter Scott沃尔特·司各特爵士5.Stamp Tax（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Stamp Tax印花税6.Standard & Poor"s（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Standard & Poor"s标准普尔7.Suez Canal（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Suez Canal苏伊士运河（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Sydney悉尼9.Vancouver（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Vancouver温哥华10.West Indies（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：West Indies西印度群岛11.phonetics（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：phonetics语音学12.translation after sense（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：translation after sense翻译后的意义13.Eurasia Land Bridge（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Eurasia Land Bridge欧亚大陆桥14.monetary integration（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：monetary integration货币一体化15.Europe"s sovereign-debt crisis（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Europe"s sovereign-debt crisis欧洲主权债务危机三、SECTION B CHINESE TO ENGLISH(总题数：15，分数：15.00)（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：载人航天manned space flight17.行政问责（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：行政问责administrative accountability18.公务接待费（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：公务接待费expenditure for official acception19.法人代表（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：法人代表legal representative20.蜗居（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：蜗居Snail House21.富二代（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：富二代affluent second generation22.工业“三废”（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：工业“三废”three wastes in the industry23.潜规则（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：潜规则latent rule24.发动机排量（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：发动机排量engine discharge25.公民健康档案（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：公民健康档案Citizen"s Health Records26.全球化（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：全球化Globalization27.增值税（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：增值税value-added tax28.住房信贷政策（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：住房信贷政策credibility policy of housing29.颐和园（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：颐和园the Summer Place30.法律硕士（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：法律硕士Master of Law四、PART Ⅱ TRANSLATION OF TEXTS(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、SECTION A ENGLISH TO CHINESE(总题数：1，分数：60.00)31.World food prices are pushing higher—the United Nations overall food index shows a 28.3% annual increase, with cereals up 44.1%—sparking concerns that a new food crisis may be emerging, just three years after the last one. Does this mean the world is running out of food?The quick answer is that the world does seem to be running low on cheap food. This supply shortage stems from the failure of governments and donors over nearly three decades to fund the basic agricultural research, investments in rural infrastructure, and training for smallholder farmersnecessary to push out the productivity frontier.Until recently, world food crises have been relatively rare events—occurring about three times a century. The food crisis of 2007～2008, although scary at the time, was relatively mild by comparison. Prices for wheat, rice and maize—the staple foods that provide well over half the world population"s energy intake directly and a good deal more indirectly via livestock products—rose 96.7% between 2006 and 2008, not approaching the spikes in the mid-1970s when corrected for inflation. Yet here we are just a few years later, talking about food prices again.（分数：60.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：世界粮食价格正在逐步走高——美国综合粮食指数年均增长28.3%，谷物价格上涨了44.1%，这种情况引发了人们对新一轮粮食危机的担忧，毕竟最近一次粮食危机刚刚过去三年。
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湖南大学2012年翻译硕士MTI真题及答案发表于2014/09/17由MtiztI. Phrase Translation中国特色社会主义socialism with Chinese characteristics公民人身权利: rights of citizens低碳经济: low-carbon economy与时俱进: advance with the times ; keep pace with the times同甘共苦: share weal and woe ; share sb’s joys/happiness and sorrows优化产业结构: optimize the industrial structure ; modify the industrial structure国际惯例: international practice醉驾: drunken driving; Driving under the influence; driving while intoxicated 节能市场机制: market mechanism to promote energy-saving新兴产业: emerging industry; sunrise industry平等互利: equality and mutual benefit基础设施建设: infrastructure construction经济发展模式: economic development model; model of economic development择优录用: appoint people according to their merits; enlist according to merits; be selected on merit务实合作: practical cooperation; pragmatic cooperationclean energy: 清洁能源global climate change: 全球气候变化demonstration project：示范项目，示范工程greenhouse gas emission：温室气体排放poverty relief efforts：扶贫；扶贫工作capacity building: 能力建设；能力建构exchange of needed goods：互通有无rule of law: 法治place of historical interest: 古迹; 名胜古迹improvement of the people’s livelihood: 改善民生；改善人民生活incentive policy：激励政策；奖励政策；鼓励性政策provisional regulation：暂行条例；暂行规章media publicity：媒体宣传peaceful co-existence：和平共处hit-and-run：打了就跑的；肇事逃逸的；肇事逃逸II. Passage translationSection A English to ChineseHomeownership has let us down. For generations, Americans believed that owning a home was an axiomatic good. Our political leaders hammered home the point. Franklin Roosevelt held that a country of homeowners was “unconquerable.” Homeownership could even, in the words of George H.W. Bush’s Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)，Jack Kemp, “save babies, save children, save families and save America.” A house with a front lawn and a picket fence wasn’t just a nice place to live or a risk-freeinvestment; it was a way to transform a nation. No wonder leaders of all political stripes wanted to spend more than $100 billion a year on subsidies and tax breaks to encourage people to buy.But the dark side of homeownership is now all too apparent: foreclosures and walkaways, neighborhoods plagued by abandoned properties and plummeting home values, a nation in which families have $6 trillion less in housing wealth than they did just three years ago. Indeed, easy lending stimulated by the cult of homeownership may have triggered the financial crisis and led directly to its biggest bailout, that of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Housing remains a drag on the economy. Existing-home sales in July dropped 27% from the prior month, exacerbating fears of a double-dip. And all that is just the obvious tale of a housing bubble and what happened when it popped. The real story is deeper and darker still. (本文选自TIME，双语地址:/s/blog_659795860102v2fk.html 翻译硕士真题网注）参考译文：现在成为房主的美国人反而感到被拖累。
多少代美国人都认为拥有住房是一项值得夸耀的成就。
国家的政治领袖也为此平添丰富的政治寓意。
富兰克林·罗斯福认为，一个人人皆为房主的国家是不可征服的。
前总统老布什政府的住房和城市发展部(Department of Housing and Urban Development, HUD)部长Jack Kemp甚至称，房主能够拯救儿童、家庭，甚至拯救国家。
拥有前院草坪和围栏篱笆的一套房屋，不仅是绝佳生活之地和无风险投资，购买住房还是一种引导国家变化的途径。
这也就难怪所有政治人物都愿采用各式补贴和税收减免措施，每年拿出1000多亿美元的来鼓励人们购房。
然而，争当房主的负面效果现已展现的淋漓尽致，人们耳濡目染的尽是丧失抵押房产赎回权和逃废按揭贷款债务，社区内大量充斥空荡房屋，住房价格暴跌，全国居民住房财富比3年前骤减6万亿美元类的消息。
由争当房主这股风气带来的宽松贷款氛围就是引发此轮金融危机，直接导致政府对房利美和房地美两贷款企业进行史上空前的挽救行动。
房市至今仍拖累着经济复苏。
7月份已完工住房(existing-home)销售较前一个月下跌27%，加剧了人们对经济可能会出现二次探底的恐慌。
所有这些都与住房市场泡沫和它出现爆裂后的影响有关。
然而，事件对社会造成的影响更深、更广。
Section B Chinese to English祥子想找个地方坐下，把前前后后细想一遍，哪怕想完只能哭一场呢，也好知道哭的是什么；事情变化得太快了，他的脑子已追赶不上。
没有地方给他坐，到处是雪。
小茶馆们已都上了门，十点多了；就是开着，他也不肯进去，他愿意找个清静的地方，他知道自己眼眶中转着的泪水随时可以落下来。
既没地方坐一坐，只好慢慢地走吧；可是，上哪儿去呢？这个银白的世界，没有他坐下的地方，也没有他的去处；白茫茫的一片，只有饿着肚子的小鸟，与走投无路的人，知道什么叫作哀叹。
参考译文1：Auspicious son wants to look for a place to sit down, with the ins and outs thin think of one time, what being able to only cry one know crying all right even though wanting to be over is; Thing change has been got very quickly, his brain already has gone after being late for. Without the place, give him a seat , everywhere is snow. Small teahouses already have all have bolted the door, more than 10; Be that he also is unwilling to go in be coming untied,he is ready to look for the quiet place , he knows the tear that self eye socket is transferring can drop off at any time.Now that have no the local seat , be forced walk slowly bar; Where do but, mount getting rid of woollen cloth? This silvery white world , the place not having him sitting down, neither have his place; Only when boundless white slice, being starving abdomen’s birdie, and the people poor and utterly helpless, know what lets work sigh in sorrow.参考译文2： Xiangzi wants to find a place to sit down, and think through the whole thing, even if it meant crying for awhile afte r thinking, at least he’d know what he was crying about; things changed too fast, his brain couldn’t catch up. There was no place to sit, snow was everywhere. Small tea houses were all closed, it was past ten; even if they were open, he wouldn’t go in, he preferred to find a quiet place, he knew the tears rolling in his eyes could fall at any time. Since there was no place to sit, he could only slowly walk; but, to where? This silver world, had no place for him to sit, and no place for him to go; everything was white, only hungry birds, and people with no place to go, know what lament means.。