人物传记专题阅读理解题

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文言文人物传记阅读练习及答案

文言文人物传记阅读练习及答案

高中文言文人物传记阅读练习第一篇《三国志·华佗传》阅读练习及答案(后附译文)阅读下面的文言文,完成1—4题。

华佗字元化,沛国谯人也。

游学徐土,兼通数经。

沛相陈珪举孝廉,太尉黄琬辟,皆不就。

晓养性之术,时人以为年且百岁而貌有壮容。

又精方药,其疗疾,合汤不过数种,心解分剂,不复称量,煮熟便饮,语其节度,舍去辄愈。

若当灸,不过一两处,病亦应除。

若当针,亦不过一两处,下针言:“当引某许,若至,语吾。

”病者言“已到”,应便拔针,病亦行差。

若病结积在内,当须刳割者,便饮其麻沸散,须臾便如醉死,无所知,因破取。

病若在肠中,便断肠湔洗,缝腹膏摩,四五日,差,不痛,一月之间,即平复矣。

有一郡守病,佗以为其人盛怒则差,乃多受其货而不加治,无何弃去,留书骂之。

郡守果大怒,令人追捉杀佗,郡守子知之,属使勿逐,守嗔恚既甚,吐黑血数升而愈。

佗之绝技,凡此类也。

太祖闻而召佗。

太祖苦头风①,每发,心乱目眩,佗针鬲,随手而差。

然本作士人,以医见业,意常自悔。

后太祖亲理,得病笃重,使佗专视。

佗曰:“此近难济,恒事攻治,可延岁月。

”佗久远家思归,因曰:“当得家书,方欲暂还耳。

”到家,辞以妻病,数乞期不反。

太祖累书呼,犹不上道。

太祖大怒,使人往检。

若妻信病,赐小豆四十斛,宽假限日;若其虚诈,便收送之。

于是传付许狱,考验首服。

荀彧请曰:“佗术实工,人命所县,宜含宥之。

”太祖曰:“不忧,天下当无此鼠辈耶?”遂考竟②佗。

佗临死,出一卷书与狱吏,曰:“此可以活人。

”吏畏法不受,佗亦不强,索火烧之。

佗死后,太祖头风未除。

太祖曰:“佗能愈此。

小人养吾病,欲以自重,然吾不杀此子,亦终当不为我断此根原耳。

”及后爱子曹冲病困太祖叹曰吾悔杀华佗令此儿强死也(节选自《三国志•华佗传》)[注] ①头风:头痛病。

②考竟:拷问,死于狱中。

1.对下列句子加点词的解释,不正确的一项是( )A.沛相陈珪举孝廉举:推荐B.人命所县,宜含宥之宥:宽容C.太祖苦头风苦:痛苦D.佗亦不强,索火烧之强:勉强2.下列句子中,断句正确的一项是( )A. 及后爱子曹冲病/困太祖叹曰/吾悔杀华佗/令此儿强死也B. 及后爱子曹冲病困/太祖叹曰/吾悔杀华佗/令此儿强死也C. 及后爱子曹冲病/困太祖叹曰/吾悔杀/华佗令此儿强死也D. 及后爱子曹冲病困/太祖叹曰/吾悔杀/华佗令此儿强死也3.下列对原文有关内容的理解和分析,正确的一项是( )A.华佗原是读书人,外出求学,通晓几种儒家经典,当时不止一人要他出来做官,他都不接受,后来他对自己从事医业从来没有产生后悔之情。

高考语文人物传记阅读理解《张同敞传》含答案

高考语文人物传记阅读理解《张同敞传》含答案

高考语文人物传记阅读理解《张同敞传》含答案(2023春·浙江温州·高三统考开学考试)阅读下面的文言文,完成下面小题。

张同敞传张同敞,湖广江陵人,曾祖居正,相神宗有声。

敞,崇祯间荫补..中书舍人。

至十七年,闯贼李自成陷北京,怀宗殉难,贼索朝官甚急,文武逼降者多。

敞藏入宫牙牌匿民间,潜出城徒步南归。

及永历帝龙飞端州,敌陷粤东,上留大学士瞿式耜守粤西,驾幸武岗,趣敞入朝。

丁亥八月,寇陷武岗,上狩粤西。

敞为乱兵所掠,避入黔地。

时黔、粤隔绝,人情汹扰,数月不闻行在..消息。

川、黔士绅议立荣、韩二藩。

敞与钱邦芑及郑逢元、杨乔然力争其不可,众议乃沮。

戊子,敞从间道..赴行在,升詹事府正詹事。

时寇数道攻粤,留守瞿式耜疏荐敞知兵,得士心。

上命以兵部左侍郎,经略楚、粤兵马。

时兵弱饷匮,敞身在行间,分甘苦,以忠义激励将士,人人自奋。

每接战,敞即以死誓。

及庚寅冬,敞督开国公赵印选、卫国公胡一青连营于桂林之小榕江。

十一月初五日敌兵大至两营战败敞率数骑入桂林城时军民俱散留守大学士朝服坐堂上誓与城亡见敞至,喜曰:“我守臣不容他适,子军中总督,自宜行。

天下事尚可为,子勉之!”敞笑曰:“公能为朝廷死,敞独不能乎?何相待之薄也!”遂取酒共饮,坐而待之。

次日,敌人入城,执敞与式耜见孔有德,两人不跪,敞尤大骂。

有德命部下捶辱之,敞骂愈厉。

有德命拘二人于城北一小室中,命左右说之降,劝谕百端,式耜但大哭,敞则毒骂。

暇则两人赋诗自矢..,并刺敌人。

有德愤甚,命折敞右臂,仍谈笑赋诗不绝。

两人幽囚唱和者四十余日,诗各数十章。

敌见两人困愈久、苦愈甚,而志愈坚、气愈烈,知终不可辱。

至闰十一月十八日,乃杀之。

金堡时为僧,致书于孔有德,乃殓瞿、张两公尸,葬于白鹤山下。

上闻敞死痛悼,累日不食,望而祭之,赠陵江伯。

(选自《明季南略》有删改)1.下列对文中画波浪线部分的断句,正确的一项是()A.十一月初五日/敌兵大至两营/战败/敞率数骑入桂林城/时军民俱散/留守大学士朝服坐堂上/誓与城亡/B.十一月初五日/敌兵大至两营/战败/敞率数骑/入桂林城时军民俱散/留守大学士朝服坐堂上/誓与城亡/C.十一月初五日/敌兵大至/两营战败/敞率数骑入桂林城/时军民俱散/留守大学士朝服坐堂上/誓与城亡/D.十一月初五日/敌兵大至/两营战败/敞率数骑/入桂林城时军民俱散/留守大学士朝服坐堂上/誓与城亡/2.下列对文中加点的词语及相关内容的解说,不正确的一项是()A.荫补,指因祖先功勋而补官,荫补官员与其它途径出身的官员共同构成封建官僚队伍。

人物传记阅读训练(三):理解分析句子含义

人物传记阅读训练(三):理解分析句子含义

人物传记阅读训练(三):理解分析句子含义人物传记阅读训练(三):理解分析句子含义天马飞鱼人物传记阅读训练(三):理解分析句子含义五、阅读下面的文字,完成(1)~(4)题。

(25分)追随我心并不很久的以前,也就在1979年到1980年间,在哥伦比亚大学,两个政治科学系大一的新生,在课堂上总是没精打采。

其中一个是来自台湾的华裔,喜欢窝在教室左后方的一隅,听得无趣,索性呼呼大睡。

这个男孩叫李开复,此君并非厌学,而是对政治科学越来越不感兴趣。

蹉跎到大二下学期,他终于决定快刀斩乱麻——转系,改学自己感兴趣的计算机。

兴趣是什么?兴趣就意味着天赋。

李开复在计算机系如鱼得水,左右逢源,两年后毕业,成绩居全系之首。

这样的学生用不着按部就班。

在教授的推荐下,李开复进入在计算机领域独领风骚的卡内基梅隆大学,直接攻读博士。

计算机学院的院长找他谈话,劈头就问:“读博士的目的是什么?”李开复大声答:“我从大学带走的将是一篇改变世界的、顶尖的博士论文。

”院长予以纠正,说:“你从这儿带走的最有价值的东西,不是一篇论文,而是你分析、思考的能力,研究、发现真理的经验,以及科学家的胸怀。

这样,当你有一天改变研究方向,依然可以在任何一个新的领域出类拔萃。

”李开复选定语音识别为攻读方向,经过一年“热恋”,他发现专家系统其冷如冰,远不如统计学有情有义。

李开复决心“移情别恋”。

他担心导师发怒,谁知得到的回答竟是:“开复,你对专家系统和统计的观点,我是不赞同的,但我可以支持你用统计的方法去做,因为我相信科学没有绝对的对错,我们都是平等的。

而且,我更相信一个富有激情的人可以找到更好的解决方案。

”李开复从导师的大度悟到科学的真谛,他全力以赴,放手一搏。

3年过去了,李开复的研究成果及博士论文,引发了那年语音世界最大的冲击波。

26岁的李开复功成名就,成为卡内基梅隆大学最年轻的副教授。

天之骄子,有尊严,有地位,有课题,有经费,出任大公司顾问,飞赴各地讲学,包括去他的祖籍之邦、魂之所系的祖国大陆。

22 阅读理解(人物传记类)(压轴题)(含解析)

22 阅读理解(人物传记类)(压轴题)(含解析)

本资源的初衷,是希望通过网络分享,能够为广阔读者提供更好的效劳,为您水平的提高提供坚强的动力和保证 .内容由一线名师原创,立意新,图片精,是非常强的一手资料 .1.【2021年湖南省长沙市(中|考)】阅读下面的短文,从每题所给的A、B、C 三个选项中,选出最|正确选项答复以下问题或完成句子.(共5 小题,计10 分)When Jason ,s parents saw him for the first time, they were shocked (震惊).This lovely little baby with shining blue eyes and curly hair was born disabled (残疾的). But soon the young couple accepted this fact. Jason ,s arms are just half without hands and his legs aren ,t fully grown either. They even forgot to think of him as disabled.At the age of six, he told his mother he wanted to get down from the prosthetics (假肢)and play with other kids. This was the last time Jason had worn them. He now has an electric wheelchair (轮椅), but he never uses it at home or when it is easy for him to move using only his body.Jason learned handwriting and coloring at school, holding the pen between the ends of his arms. He also learned to eat with forks at home. When he was ten, he fell in love with football. He never had a pair of shoes in his life because of the shape of his feet. He only wore socks on the football field. He never won a match, but he refused to give up. His strong arms and body, as well as some fantastic ways made him a respected (受尊重的) player on the school team. He went to a famous university after high school.Now Jas on still faces many hardships in life, but he will make you believe that you can do what he has done. "Never be afraid of any difficulty〞, Jason often encourages others in his speeches.【小题1】Why were Jason ,s parents shocked when they saw him for the first time ?A. Because he was born disabled.B. Because he had big hands.C. Because his hair was cu rely【小题2】Jason learned to write and color by holding the pen ______ .A. between his legsB. between his armsC. between his teeth【小题3】What does the underlined word "hardships〞mean in this passage?A. 成就B. 贫穷C. 困难【小题4】From the passage, we learn the following about Jason EXPECT ______ .A. he only uses his electric wheelchair at homeB. he only wore socks while playing footballC. he is never afraid of any difficulty in life【小题5】What is the best title (标题)of this passage?A. Disabled but still ableB. Playing football brings good luckC. Never wear prosthetics even disabled【答案】【小题1】A【小题2】B【小题3】C【小题4】A【小题5】A【解析】试题分析:短文大意:这篇短文主要讲述了詹森生来参加,但是他勇敢的面对生活,战胜了一个有一个的困难.【小题1】细节理解题.根据This lovely little baby with shining blue eyes and curly hair was born disabled (残疾的).描述,可知是因为这个小男孩生来残疾.应选A .【小题4】细节理解题.根据短文第|一段He now has an electric wheelchair (轮椅), but he never uses it at home 描述,可知詹森在家从来不用轮椅.应选项A与本文不符.【小题5】标题归纳.阅读短文可知,这篇短文主要讲述了残疾人詹森勇敢面对生活的故事,应选A ,虽然残疾单数仍旧有能力.考点:考查人物传记类阅读2.【2021年四川省内江市(中|考)】阅读以下短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最|正确答案,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑 .By the time Rihanna was seventeen ,she had released (发行) her first album and had an international hit with her first single (单曲) Pon de Replay.Rihanna was born in Saint Michael , Barbados in 1988 . She grew up there with her two younger brothers . As a child , she loved singing . She formed her first group with frie nds from secondary school when she was just fifteen . In 2004 friends introduced the group to American record producer Evan Rogers ,who was on holiday in Barbados . Rogers thought Rihanna could be a star in America,so she moved there aged sixteen to take up music after she finished school. Rihhanna lived with Rogers and his wife . Then she worked for Def Jam Recordings and started working on her first album , Music of the Sun .It came out at in 2005 and got into the top ten . Over 69,000 copies of the album were sold in the first week alone . It went on to sell over two million copies worldwide and Rihanna quickly became a big star . Her second album , A Girl Like Me ,came out a year later and included the song SOS , which was her first number one hit in America. In 2007 Rihanna brought out her third album , Good Girl Gone Bad ,which had more dance music than the first two albums.Rihanna sold more than fifteen million album and forty - five million singles worldwide between 2005 and 2021 ,the most of any artist at the same time . However ,she manages to find time for her charity work ,too . She has performed in several concerts to raise money for charity and in 2006 she created her Believe Foundation to help sick children . She also took part in Gucci ,s activities to raise money for children in Africa.【小题1】What had Rihanna released before she was seventeen ?A. An al bum but no singles.B. A single but not an album.C. An album and at least one single.D. Two album and a single Pon de Replay.【小题2】Why did Rihanna move to America ?A. To try to become a famous singer.B. To form her first music group.C. To meet the record producer Evan Rogers.D. To record her album ,A Girl Like Me ,with the help of Rogers.【小题3】Which is true about Rihanna ,s first album ?A. It included her first number one hit in the US.B. It sold69,000 copies in total.C. It made Rihanna a star.D.It came out before she finished school.【小题4】It can be learnt from the text that Rihanna ______.A. Wants to start a charity to help sick childrenB. Has helped to raise money for African childrenC. Has organized some concerts to raise money for charityD. Is producing another album for her Believe Foundation【答案】【小题1】C【小题2】A【小题3】C【小题4】B【解析】试题分析:短文大意:这篇短文主要讲述了美国著名歌手蕾哈娜的成功历史,她在17岁时就发布了自己的第|一章专辑和一首|单曲.在事业成功的同时,她还积极参与慈善活动.举行过屡次为慈善组织筹款的音乐会.【小题1】细节理解题.根据短文第|一段描述,可知当她十七岁时,蕾哈娜发布了一张专辑和一首|单曲.应选C .【小题2】细节理解题.根据Rogers thought Rihanna could be a star in America,so she moved there aged sixteen to take up music after she finished school.描述,可知她是为了成为一个著名的歌手.应选A .考点:考查人物传记类阅读3.【2021年福建省莆田市(中|考)】Dr. Wade is my hero. He saved my life when I could have died. He saved lots of children , s lives. He worked hard and studied a lot to get the job he has got now. He has done very difficult operations. He has to work almost every day at the hospital. He has studied the heart and got his MD(医学博士)at Queens University. He is a great doctor and he is easy to talk to.He is willing to take a risk to save someone ,s life. He saved my life from a heart attack when I was in hospital. He worked very hard to find out what exactly was wrong with my heart and why it wasn ,t working properly.He went out of his way for someone like me and my parents, because he had to explain to them what was wrong with me and did lots of different tests to find the medicine to cure me. His life has made a difference in the lives of others. I saw him look after many other children in hospital and help them get well. Also, he is always there helping by teaching other doctors about being heart specialists(专家). He works very hard to keep others alive. You can phone him anytime and he will phone you back as soon as possible to see how he can help you. He has a group of medical workers who make his appointments(预约) and make sure you get the medicine that Dr.Wade tells them to give you.根据短文内容,从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最|正确答案. (10分)【小题1】From the passage, we know that the writer once got a(n) _______.A. lungB. heartC. eyeD. stomach【小题2】The doctor got his MD at_______.A. Tsinghua UniversityB. Harvard UniversityC. Queens UniversityD. Beijing University【小题3】The underlined phrase "went out of his way" probably means_______.【小题4】We can learn from the passage that the doctor_______.A. was difficult to talk withB. saved the writer ,s life easilyC. helped several doctors become heart specialistsD. wasn , t willing to save some serious patients【小题5】Which one of the following sentences is WRONG?A. Dr. Wade is the writer ,s hero.B. The doctor saved the writer ,s life.C. The doctor saved many children ,s lives.D. The doctor saved the lives of the writer ,s parents.【答案】【小题1】B【小题2】C【小题3】B【小题4】C【小题5】D【解析】试题分析:本文表达了Wade 博士挽救了作者的生命,他经常帮助其他的医生,并让他们成为医学专家,他努力挽救其他人的生命.【小题1】细节理解题.根据He saved my life from a heart attack when I was in hospital.可知作者得了心脏病,应选B .【小题3】词义猜想题.根据for someone like me and my parents, because he had to explain to them what was wrong with me and did lots of different tests to find the medicine to cure me.可知他要竭尽所能,应选B .【小题4】细节理解题.根据he is always there helping by teaching other doctors about being heart specialists(专家).他帮助其他的医生成为一个医学专家,应选C .【小题5】细节理解题.根据He saved my life when I could have died.可知Wade 博士挽救了作者的生命,应选D .考点:考查人物类短文阅读.4.【2021年江苏省盐城市(中|考)】阅读以下内容,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最|正确答案.Tomorrow is Garfield ,s birthday. He first appea red in a comic strip on June 19, 1978. Garfield is well known all over the world. Lots of Garfield books have been turned into 26 languages. Garfield products are sold in 69 countries.Jim Davis is Garfield ,s creator. Jim was born on July 28, 1945 in Indiana. He grew up on a farm where his dad raised cows. Jim and his brother Dave helped with the farm work. They had 25 cats. Their room always made surethere was plenty of food for the cats.As a boy, Jim was in poor health. When he had to spend time resting, he drew pictures. He added words to his pictures to make them funny.After college Jim worked a few years at an advertising company. In 1969, he got a job to help a cartoonist. Jim noticed that there were many comic strips about dogs but few about cats. He thought that was strange since the world is full of cat lovers.He remembered the 25 farm cats he grew up with. They gave him ideas for a cat comic strip. In the comic strip. Garfield became the central character in daily difficult experiences with Jon, his owner, a nd other characters. He is lazy, funny and hungry.Jim Davis has received many awards for his work. Twice he was given the Best Humor Strip Cartoonist of the Year Award. He has won four Emmys(艾美奖)and other honors.【小题1】How old was Jim when Garfield first appeared in a comic strip?A. 33.B. 26.C. 25.D. 24.【小题2】Who does the underlined word "He〞refer to in the fifth paragraph?A. Jim.B. Jon.C. Dave.D. Garfield.【小题3】According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A. Jim Davis created Garfield with the help of his brother.B. Garfield products are available in all countries of the world.C. The cats his family raised made no contributions to his creation.【小题4】The writer ,s main purpose of writing the passage is _________.A. to tell us to watch more comic stripsB. to show us how to become a cartoonistC. to introduce some information about Jim DavisD. to prove Garfield the most popular cartoon character【答案】【小题1】A【小题2】D【小题3】D【小题4】C【小题1】计算题.根据Jim was born on July 28, 1945 in Indiana. He first appea red in a comic strip on June 19, 1978可知他33岁的时候,应选A .【小题2】细节理解题.根据Garfield became the central character in daily difficult experiences with Jon, his owner, a nd other characters 可知这里表达的是Garfield的情况,所以下文的it指的是它,应选D .【小题4】细节理解题.根据这篇短文主要表达了Jim Davis 的生平事迹,应选C .考点:人物类短文阅读.5【2021年陕西】阅读以下短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最|正确答案,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.Shirley Temple, the once -famous child movie star, died at the age of 85 on February 10, 2021. She was born on April 23, 1928. She was good at acting and dancing. In 1934, she starred(主演) in the movie Bright Eyes. From then on she became famous around the ter she starred in other movies and won a Juvenile Oscar in February, 1935.For many Americans born in the 1930s and 1940s, Temple was not just an on -screen star but also a close friend in their childhood. She was remembered by the world as the forever "little angle〞. An American movie star said, "Little Shirley Temple encouraged the whole country during the Great Depression(大萧条).〞(2)Shi Li and Cui Jiping are husband and wife. They are disabled. They complete the first Chinese encyclopedic(百科知识的)dictionary for deaf people and people with hearing problems.The dictionary includes words on medicine, education, psychology, law, history and culture about deaf people ,s life. This book provides a learning tool for this special group of people and it helps them know about the world more easily.They spent six years and over 1,000,000 yuan on the book. They first collected mater ial for the book by themselves, then they invited a lot of experts(专家) across the country to write.The book is warmly welcomed by the deaf. One of the readers said, "The book shows that we ,re not alone. We can have our own way to communicate with the world. 〞【小题1】Temple won the first Juvenile Oscar in .A.1928 B.1934 C.1935 D.1948.【小题2】From the passage we know that Temple .A.was not good at dancingB.began to star in her first movie when she was ten years old.C.was unfriendly to her fanD.encouraged the whole country during the Great Depression【小题3】According to the passage, Shi Li and Cui Jiping .A.are disabled people full of loveB.wrote many famous books.C.finished the book by themselvesD.live a very poor life【小题4】Which of the following is TRUE about the book?A.It is the first world encyclopedic dictionary.B.It can help deaf people know about the world more easily.C.It took them sixteen years to finish the book.D.It includes medicine and art about the life of deaf people.【答案】【小题1】C【小题2】【小题3】A【小题4】B【解析】试题分析:这篇短文介绍了两个方面的事情.一是著名童星秀兰邓波在今年2月10日去世.第二个是石力和崔继平夫妇二人编写了一部专门为聋人或有听力障碍的人看的百科知识字典.【小题1】细节理解题.根据短文第|一段中Later she starred in other movies and won a Juvenile Oscar in February, 1935.可知,秀兰邓波是在1935年获得了一个奥斯卡奖.应选C .【小题2】推理判断题.根据短文中She was good at acting and dancing 可知A不符合文意;根据第|一段的内容可知,秀兰邓波在6岁的时候就开始演电影了,故B不对;根据短文第二段中Temple was not just an on-scr een star but also a close friend 可知C不对;根据短文第二段中Shirley Temple encouraged the whole country during the Great Depression可知D是正确的.应选D .【小题4】推理判断题.根据the first Chinese encyclopedic(百科知识的)dictionary for deaf people and people with hearing problems.可知A不对;根据They spent six years and over 1,000,000 yuan on the book可知C不对;根据The dictionary includes words on medicine, education, psychology, law, history and culture about deaf people ,s life.可知,这本书中没有关于艺术的内容,故D不对;根据it helps them know about the world more easily.可知B是正确的.应选B .考点:人物传记类短文阅读.6.【2021年广东深圳】The Queen Elizabeth and her sister Margaret had very different characters (性格) : Elizabeth was very serious and tidy; Margaret was outgoing and headstrong. But they kept close as sister. When had lessons at home with their governess Marion Crawford. Margaret was often naughty. Elizabethalways protected her every time when she broke rules. When they grew up. Magaret has sad love stories and unhappy marriage. The Queen gave her a lot of help.Margaret was one of the few people who could lose their temper with the Queen. Even as an adult, she would sometimes shout at her. Once she threw a dishcloth at Elizabeth's face when they had a picnic. But they never quarreled for long. To Queen Elizabeth, it was a sadness that her sister never found lasting (持久的) personal happiness.【小题1】What kind of person was Elizabeth like? She was ________.A. serious and tidyB. outgoing and tidyC. easygoing aand headstrongD. serious and headstrong【小题2】The word "governess" means ________.【小题3】Who had an unhappy family life according to the story?A. Elizabeth.B. Margaret.C. Marion Crawford.D. Both Elizabeth and Margaret.【小题4】According to the story, which of the following is not true?A. The queen and her sister had quite differentB. Elizabeth always protected her sisterC. The sisters often fought each other【小题5】What is the main idea of the story?A. Elizabeth was a kind personB. The two sisters lived happilyC. Margaret had sad love storiesD. The two sisters had a very good relationship【答案】【小题1】A【小题2】B【小题3】B【小题4】C【小题5】A【解析】短文属于记叙文 .通过描述Elizabeth与妹妹相处的几件事,表现了她对妹妹的慈祥.【小题1】细节理解题.从短文第|一句"Elizabeth was very serious and tidy〞可得知.【小题2】词义猜想题.根据上下文可知,这是姐妹俩小时候的事情,又因为"had lessons at home with…〞可知,只有B项最|合语境 .考点:人物传记类短文.7.【2021年江西南昌】阅读以下短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最|正确答案,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.Nathan Sawaya's childhood was a lot of fun. He drew cartoons, wrote stories, and played with plastic toy bricks (积木). His grandparents bought his first set of toy bricks when he was five years old and he's been building with toy bricks ever since. He even took his building bricks to college with him! Instead of books and a computer, he had a model of Greenwich Village made of bricks on his desk.Nathan started as a lawyer but gave up His highly -paid (高薪的) job to become an artist that uses toys in his art. He uses toy bricks to build everything from the Statue of Liberty(自由女神像) to Superman! He has more than 1.5 million c olored bricks in his working room in New York which he uses to make pieces of art. He started by building small models but then decided to do something big and created a self -portrait (自画像). It took him two days just to build the eyes.Nathan's work has appeared in museums around the world. Children love his art because it is made out of the same toys that they play with at home and adults love his work because it is fascinating. Since it began in2007, Nathan's exhibition "The Art of the Brick" has been very popular with museum visitors everywhere."I'm proud that I took a dream I had as a child, to become an artist, and I have actually made a job out of it," says Nathan. "To do what you love in life is the most important thing."【小题1】What did Nathan put on his desk at college?A. The Statue of Liberty.B. Superman.C. His serf -portrait.D. A Greenwich Village modal.【小题2】A Greenwich Village modal.2.Why did Nathan give up his job as a lawyer?A. Because he made little money out of a lawyer.B. Because he wanted to make toys for the children.C. Because he decided to become an artist of toy bricks.D. Because he was going to work in the museum instead.【小题3】What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. Nathan's work.B. Nathan's exhibition.C. Nathan's art.D. Nathan's self -portrait【小题4】What would be the best title for the passage?A. The Brick ArtistB. The Brick ExhibitionC. Toy Bricks for AdultsD. The Artist's Childhood【答案】【小题1】D【小题2】C【小题3】B【小题4】A【解析】试题分析:本文主人公自从五岁时就对积木有很大兴趣,在大学毕业后放弃了做律师的高薪职位,投身于积木艺术创作,并取得了巨大的成功.【小题1】根据第|一段Instead of books and a computer, he had a model of Greenwich Village made of bricks on his desk.描述,可知选D .【小题2】根据第二段Nathan started as a lawyer but gave up His highly -paid (高薪的) job to become an artist that uses toys in his art.描述,可知选C .【小题3】联系下文Nathan's exhibition "The Art of the Brick" has been very popular with museum visitors everywhere.描述,可知这个人称代词指代的是南森的展览.应选B .【小题4】这篇短文中的主人公南森利用积木创作出了独特的属于孩子们的艺术,收到了人们的欢送.应选A ,积木艺术家.考点:人物介绍类短文.8.【2021年广东】阅读以下短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最|正确答案,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.Fifty -three years ago Barbie Millicent Roberts first appeared in the world of toys.Since then, Barbie doll, as everyone called her,has become the most successful toy doll in history. Her p arent,the Mattel Company,said that 90% of all Ame〞rican girls between 3 and 10 have at least one Barbie at home.However, Barbie is facing some trouble at present (现在). There are many similar dolls on the market in competiotion with her. Another doll named Bratz, for example, come to life thirteen years ago. She looked more like today ,s pop stars with heavy makeup(浓妆) and miniskirts. And her company offers more kind of clothes too.It seems that Barbie has lost her magic among older girls. " For younger girls, playing with a Barbie is much fun. But when you get older, you want something smarter and more modern,〞says Vera Shepherd, a shop assitant in a New York toy store.It is good news that on the international market. Barbie is still No. 1. although Mttel is selling ferwer Barbies int the United States three years, sales in other countries are still going up.in January 2021, Mattel openee its first Barbie store in Shanghai, where girls can shop, eat, drink or even become fashion designersfor their own Barbies.Mattel is planning big celebration for Barbie ,s 53rd birthday. Fashion designers from all over the world have been called to make new dresses for Barbie. How long will Barbie stay popuplar in the world of toy dolls? It is hard to say, but 1.is surely not the age to retire(退休) .【小题1】Barbie ,s family name is______.【小题2】Barbie ,s trouble is that__________.A.it wears heavy makeup and miniskirts.B.other dolls are more popular with little girls.C.other dolls are trying to beat her in the market.D.it has become less popular in the international market.【小题3】Girls can do the following in the first Barbie shop in Shanghai except_______.A.going shoppingB.having foodC.drinking juiceD.taking photos【小题4】What ,s the meaning of the underline words "fashion designers〞in the passage?【小题5】What is the best title of the passage?A.First Barbie Shop in ShanghaiB.Barbie ,s Past and presentC.Barbie ,s 53rd Birthday PartyD.Barbie Lost Her Magic【答案】【小题1】A【小题2】C【小题3】D【小题4】D【小题1】细节理解题,由第|一段第|一句话可以得出答案选A .【小题2】细节理解题,由文章第二段可知答案选C .【小题3】于细节理解题,由文章倒数第二段最|后一句可以知道,girls can shop, eat, drink or even become fashion designers for their own Barbies 就是没有take photos ,答案选D .【小题4】词义猜想题,要从上下文寻找答案,从最|后一段第二句话make new dresses for Barbie. ,dresses一词可知是服装设计师,答案选D .【小题5】文章大意题,为文章选择题目,要全面反映文章中|心内容的题目,此题学生容易错选C答案,C 答案是片面的,应该选B ,讲到.Barbie ,s的过去与将来,看到最|后一段How long will Barbie stay popuplar in the world of toy dolls ,答案选B比拟合理 .考点:人物传记类短文.9.【2021年广东广州】阅读以下短文 ,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中 ,选出最|正确答案 ,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑 .Although he died almost 40 years ago ,Bruce Lee is still considered the greatest and most influential kung fu performer of the 20th century.His films brought traditional Hong Kong kung fu movies to a new level of popularity ,and introduced kung fu to millions of people in the West .Bona in the USA in 1940 ,Lee returned to his native Hong Kong before his birthday.As a teenager ,the highly intelligent boy was accepted into one of Hong Kong ,s most famous middle schools but he paid little attention to his studies. He was more interested in sport ,especially kung fu ,and hanging out with his street -gang friends. In 1959 ,Lee got into trouble with the police for fighting.His mother ,fearing he would end up in prison ,sent him to the USA .Two years later ,he began studying at university there.While still a student ,Lee opened his own kung fu school ,teaching a new fighting style he had developed.What made Lee ,s style different was that it used power ,strength and ,quick -action attacks.It also combined(融合)Japanese ,Korean and South American fighting styles with traditional stow -moving Chinese kung fu.Among Lee ,s students were several famous actors who ,impressed by his good -looks and fightingskill ,encouraged him to start acting.Over the next fire years Lee achieved some Success in America.But his dream of introducing his fighting style into American movies was not accepted by local film makers who thought western audiences were not interested in kung fu.Determined to prove them wrong ,Lee returned to Hong Kong in 1970.There he made two films Fists ofFury (1971)and Way of the Dragon(1972) ,using his kung fu ideas and techniques.The movies were huge hits world -wide ,making Lee an international star and symbol of kung fu.These were followed by what is widely consideredthe greatest kung fu movie of all time ,Enter the Dragon(1973).Tragically however ,Lee suddenly and mysteriously died while making his next movie Game of Death .He was only 33 years old.【小题1】AS a teenager,Lee was very .【小题2】Why was Lee sent to America?A.His parents wanted him to study at university there.B.He wanted to develop a new American fighting style.C.His family:feared he was getting into too much trouble in Hong Kong.D.He was determined to become a successful and popstar actor there .【小题3】How was Lee ,s style of kung fu differe nt from the traditional Chinese style?A. It was much faster.B. It was easier to Iearn .C.It made people more powerful.D.It was much more dangerous ,【小题4】What was Lee ,s dream according to the passage?A. To develop a new style of kung fu .B.To become a famous movie star.C. To make movies using his fighting style.D.To teach Americans kung fu.【小题5】According to the passage.how many kung fu movies did Lee complete in his lifetime? A.Two. B .Three. C.Four.D.Five.【答案】【小题1】D【小题2】C【小题3】A【小题4】C【小题5】B【解析】短文属于记叙文,记叙了武术影星李小龙的生平.【小题1】细节理解题.从第二段第二句"As a teenager ,the highly intelligent boy…〞可知,他很聪明.【小题2】细节理解题.从第二段"…fearing he would end up in prison ,sent him to the USA .〞可知,他曾因打架惹麻烦,家里人害怕他再招惹警察的麻烦.【小题5】综合理解题.短文提到四个片子,其中Game of Death他未完成.考点:人物传记类短文.。

高考语文文言文阅读分类训练:人物传记类

高考语文文言文阅读分类训练:人物传记类

文言文阅读:人物传记类一、阅读下面文言文,完成下面小题。

庆历二年,御试进士,时晏元献①为枢密使。

杨察,晏婿也,时知.制诰,避亲,勾当②于.三班院。

察之弟置时就试毕,负魁天下望。

未放榜间,将先宣示两府,上十人卷子。

置因以赋求察问晏公己之高下。

晏公明日入对,见置之赋既.考定第四人,出以语察。

察密以报置。

而置试罢与酒徒饮酒肆,闻之,以手击案叹曰:“不知那个卫子③夺吾状元矣!“既而唱名④,再三考定第一人卷子进御,赋中有“孺子其朋”之言,上不怿.曰:“此语忌,不可魁天下。

”即王荆公卷子。

第二人卷子即王珪,以故事,有官人不为状元;令取第三人,即殿中丞韩绛;遂取第四人卷子进呈,上欣然曰:“若杨置可矣。

”复以.第一人为第四人。

置方以鄙语骂时,不知自为第一人也。

荆公遂于杨置榜下第四人及第。

是时,上令十人往谢枢密使。

晏公俟众人退,独留荆公,再三谓曰:“延评乃殊乡里,久闻德行乡评之美。

况殊备位执政,而乡人之贤者取高科,实预荣焉。

”又曰:“休沐日⑥相邀一饭。

”荆公唯唯。

既出,又使直省官相约饭会,甚殷勤也。

比往时,待遇极至。

饭罢,又延.坐,谓荆公曰:“乡人他日名位,如殊坐处,为之有矣。

”且叹慕之,又数十百言,最后曰:“然有二语欲奉闻,不知敢言否?”晏公言至此,语欲出而拟议久之,乃泛谓荆公曰:“能容于物,物亦容矣。

” 荆公但微应之,遂散。

公归至旅舍,叹曰:“晏公为大臣,而教人者以此,何其卑.也!”心颇不平。

荆公后罢相,其弟和甫知金陵,时说此事,且曰:“当时我大不以为然。

我在政府,执意革新,人人与之.为敌,不能保其终。

今日思之,不知晏公何以知之;复不知能容于物,物亦容焉二句,有出处,或公自为之言也。

”(取材于宋代王铚《默记》)注:①晏元献:晏殊,谥元献。

①勾当:做事情。

①卫子:驴的别称。

①唱名:科举时代殿试后,皇帝呼名召见登第进士,叫唱名。

①有官人不为状元:宋代在职官员可以参加科举,但不能录为状元。

①休沐日:休息日。

1.下列对句中加点词语的解释,不正确...的一项是()A.时知.制诰知:掌管B.上不怿.曰怿:高兴C.饭罢,又延.坐延:请D.何其卑.也卑:卑劣2.下列对句中加点字的解释,不正确的一项是()A.勾当于.三班院于:在B.见置.之赋既考定第四人既:已经C.复以.第一人为第四人以:把D.人人与之.为敌之:他3.下列对文中语句的理解,正确的一项是()A.负魁天下望辜负了天下人想让他考第一的期望B.察密以报置审察的人把秘密报告给杨置C.晏公俟众人退,独留荆公晏殊等大家走的时候,唯独留下王安石D.不知敢言否?不知你敢不敢说?4.根据文意,下列理解和推断,不正确...的一项是()A.庆历二年的殿试中,开始王安石的试卷获得第一名,因犯了皇帝的忌讳而被黜。

人物传记阅读分类专练及答案

人物传记阅读分类专练及答案

人物传记阅读分类专练与答案人物传记阅读训练(一):筛选整合信息要点一、阅读下面的文字,完成(1)~(4)题。

(25分)莫言自述1957年,我家来了个大学生邻居。

他讲,当时他在济南的时候,认识一个山东省比较“腐败”的作家。

这个作家究竟“腐败”到什么程度呢?一天三顿吃饺子。

我们当时一年也吃不上一次饺子。

我当时就问他:“叔叔,如果我将来能够写出一本小说来,我是不是能一天三顿吃饺子?”所以,我想我最初对文学对当作家的梦想,就是冲着一天三顿吃饺子开始了。

我后来把村里面的书借来看了以后,头脑当中才真正有关于文学的概念。

我的想象力还是不错的,为什么不错呢?因为我的想象力是饿出来的。

童年时赶上自然灾害,为了填肚子,野草、树皮,什么都吃,甚至连煤块都敢啃。

1961年春天,村里的小学拉来了一车亮晶晶的煤块,和小伙伴一拥而上,每人抢起一块煤,咯嘣咯嘣啃起来,觉得那煤块越嚼越香,还说着“味道好极了”。

我小学五年级就被学校赶出来了,就一个人牵着两头牛放牧。

那时候我就能从牛的眼睛里边看到自己的倒影。

有时候躺在草地上,看到天上的白云,听到鸟叫,听到周围青草生长的声音,呼吸大地发出的气味。

这种跟大地接触的机会,这种很长时间孤独地跟动物在一起的状态,都让我想入非非。

直到现在,我依然动用的还是我二十岁以前积累的生活资源。

我二十岁以后的东西,基本上还没有正儿八经地去写。

想象力,也有外来接受的地方。

我们山东高密这个地方,离写出《聊斋志异》的蒲松龄的故乡也不远,隔了三百多里路。

我听老人讲了很多很多关于鬼神的故事。

上世纪六十年代,死人非常多。

我们村子里最高纪录是一天死了18个人。

一出门就看到原野里有鬼火在闪烁,而且经常有各种各样火一样的球在天空中飘来飘去。

我当医生的姑姑就告诉我,这是狐狸在恋爱。

人一旦进入这种环境,就会有一种恐惧,你就觉得你周围充满了一些神秘的生物,你在走路的时候经常听到脚后面有一个声音在跟随着你。

我的小说语言也是比较庞杂的,这里面既有古典的书面型的语言,也有一些读西方翻译过来的小说这样的语言,更多的还是来自乡土。

七下易考课外阅读理解人物传记

七下易考课外阅读理解人物传记

七下易考课外阅读理解人物传记一、钱伟长:矮个子的“科学巨人”钱伟长,中国近代力学奠基人,著名力学家、应用数学家、教育家,2010年7月30日辞世,享年98岁。

“活到老,学到老,做到老”是钱伟长的口头禅。

他幼时家境清寒,身体很瘦弱。

18岁那年考入清华大学时,身高只有1.49米。

然而,就是这样一个“清华历史上首位身高不达标的学生”,在就读的第二学年,竟一鸣惊人地入选清华越野代表队,两年后更以13秒4的成绩夺得全国大学生对抗赛跨栏季军。

曾代表国家队参加远东运动会,跨栏、越野跑样样拿手,还是清华足球队的球星呢。

历史考满分却要学物理钱伟长1912年出生在江苏无锡县一个名叫七房桥的小村庄。

祖父和父叔辈都是乡村教师。

父亲英年早逝,钱伟长受四叔钱穆的影响最大,钱穆仅上过中等师范学校,靠艰苦奋斗自学成才,毕生著述甚丰。

四叔不仅资助钱伟长完成中等教育,而且经常让其陪读,少年钱伟长跟着四叔博览群书,打下了深厚的国学根底。

1931年中学毕业后,钱伟长在一个月内,在上海连考了清华大学、交通大学、中央大学、武汉大学和浙江大学五个大学的考试。

此时,四叔已到北京大学任教。

他从北平来信,建议侄儿到清华读书。

清华大学根据他的考试成绩——历史与国文成绩最好、历史竟得满分,准备把他分到中文系或历史系去。

然而,当时中国正处于被列强欺辱的弱势,一股强大的力量推动着他走上弃文学理的道路,他决定读物理系。

由于钱伟长物理分数太低,物理系主任吴有训坚决不允。

而历史系主任陈寅恪又到处打听这位历史满分的学生为何不来报到。

陈寅恪处由钱穆去商量,吴有训处由顾颉刚出面通融。

吴有训教授被这个学生的诚挚热情打动了,他对钱伟长说:“那好吧,你先在物理系学习一年,如果到了期末考试,你的物理和高等数学的成绩达不到70分的话,再改学文史不晚。

”钱伟长欣然接受了这个条件。

他凭着刻苦精神,攻克了学习上的一道道难关。

一个学年下来,他各门功课的成绩均在70以上。

等到他从清华毕业时,吴有训教授已经非常器重这个有志气的青年人了,把他收为自己的研究生。

人物传记阅读训练liuyong

人物传记阅读训练liuyong

1、联系全文内容,简要概括评介罗曼·罗兰(从精神和作品两方面入手)。

【参考答案】①罗曼·罗兰是法国的文学大师,是一个性格复杂、精神充满矛盾的作家,有崇高的文坛地位,获得了1915年诺贝尔文学奖。

但是也颇受非议和指责。

②作品形式多样,但以传记和传记小说最为突出,著有长篇小说《约翰·克里斯朵夫》等作品。

(意思正确即可)2、依据选文④-⑤两段的介绍,对罗曼·罗兰的长篇小说《约翰·克里斯朵夫》做出评价。

【参考答案】①这部作品为20世纪伟大传记小说开辟了道路,也牢固奠定了作者在20世纪文坛的声望。

②它被称为20世纪最高贵的小说作品,但作者否认它是小说。

③一些评论家也批评它的结构和语言形式。

(意思正确即可)3、结合文中划线的句子,谈谈你对阅读意义的理解。

【参考答案】阅读的意义,在于读者与作品之间的心灵交流和碰撞,进而使作品的生命在读者心中得以延续。

(意思正确即可)(五)评价文本产生的社会价值和影响阅读传记,要理解作者塑造传主的意图,这是评价文本社会价值和影响的一个入口。

传主一般是对国家或人类作出重大贡献或有重大影响的人,阅读时,应结合传主生活的时代背景和社会环境,把握作品所述的传主个人事业及心路历程的重要事实,抓住具有典型意义的事件和细节,对影响传主成长的各种因素做出符合实际的分析和客观的评价,从而揭示出传主的典型社会意义和影响。

例如:(2008年高考山东卷第22题)作为一篇评传性文章,作者是从哪几个方面“认识”梁漱溟的?这样写对你的写作有何启示?(《我所认识的梁漱溟》)(6分)【参考答案】这道题要求学生从作者的角度来看作者对传主的评价的角度,从写作的角度阐释自己的阅读启示,这是对传记文本的价值、影响的考查。

参考答案:作者主要是从学问和人格两个方面去认识梁漱冥的。

它对我们的写作启示主要有以下点:(1)从文体来说,要评传结合。

(2)选取自己熟悉的材料。

(3)中心内容要体现人物的身份特征(4)通过细节表现人物。

初二语文人物传记类试题

初二语文人物传记类试题

初二语文人物传记类试题1.桓南郡①小儿时,与诸从兄弟各养鹅共斗。

南郡鹅每不如,甚以为忿。

乃夜往鹅栏间,取诸兄弟鹅悉杀之。

既晓,家人咸以惊骇,云是变怪,以白车骑②。

车骑曰:“无所致怪,当是南郡戏耳!”问,果如之。

(选自《世说新语》)【注释】①桓南郡,即桓玄。

②车骑:车骑将军桓冲。

【1】解释下列句子中加点词的意思。

(2分)①南郡鹅每不如,甚以为忿②取诸兄弟鹅悉杀之【答案】①生气、怒②都【解析】本题考查的是虚词的一词多义现象。

A项中“与”和/参与,这里是欣赏;C项“以”把/用、拿;D项中的“问”追问/请教。

所以选B“乃”于是,就。

【考点】理解常见文言虚词在文中的意义。

【2】下列各组句子中,加点词意思相同的一项是()(1分)A.与诸从兄弟各养鹅共斗未复有能与其奇者B.乃夜往鹅栏间蒙乃始就学C.云是变怪,以白车骑不以千里称也D.问,果如之从乡之先达执经叩问【答案】B【解析】本题考查对文言语句的翻译。

理解并翻译文言句子时,既要注意顾及全篇,又要字斟句酌,还注意落实一些重点词语。

特别要注意一些特殊的文言现象,如通假字、古今异义词、词类活用、一词多义等。

这一句是一个判断句,要翻译出判断句式。

“致”是“引来”的意思,“当”是“应当”,戏是开玩笑,耳是罢了的意思。

【考点】理解或翻译文中的句子。

【3】用现代汉语翻译文中画线的句子。

(2分)原句:无所致怪,当是南郡戏耳!【答案】没有什么能引来怪异,应该是桓南郡开玩笑罢了!(语句流畅0.5,重点字词“致、怪、当、戏”各占0.5,“致”译为“导致”也可得分,共2分)【解析】本题考查对人物形象的概括。

概括人物形象要全面、客观,要结合人物所做的事来分析。

结合人物的语言动作描写来分析。

要关注作者对人物的评价,褒贬应与作者一致。

一般用二字词语或四字词语(尽量用到三个以上)。

找到写桓南郡的语句:“南郡鹅每不如,甚以为忿。

乃夜往鹅栏间,取诸兄弟鹅悉杀之。

”从中概括出,“每不如,甚以为忿”说明他心胸狭窄,“取诸兄弟鹅悉杀之”,说明他为人比较凶狠毒辣。

人物传记专题阅读理解题

人物传记专题阅读理解题

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________人物传记专题阅读(一)黄遵宪的外交活动(2010辽宁卷)作为清朝第一任驻日使馆参赞,黄遵宪表现出很强的历史责任感。

除协助公使处理外交事务外,他“既居东二年,稍稍习其文,读其书,与其士大夫交游”。

黄遵宪不愿埋首经籍,主张“识时贵知今,通情贵阅世”,走经世致用之路。

为了澄清过去封建士大夫对日本的糊涂概念,“遂发凡起例,创为《日本国志》一书”。

该书以“史家纪述,务从实录”为主导思想,力求客观地向中国人民全面、准确地介绍日本的历史及现状,“详今略古,详近略远,凡牵涉西法,尤加详备,期适用也”。

显然,黄遵宪想要通过叙述日本明治维新的改革历史,为中国的改革提供借鉴。

书中以叙述日本历史为经,以评论古今得失为纬。

用“外史氏曰”的形式,阐发他的见解,从而把自己的改革思想糅合进日本史的叙述之中。

1891年11月1日,黄遵宪被任命为清政府驻新加坡总领事。

到任后,他详察南洋各岛情形,体察侨民疾苦,并着手改善侨胞待遇。

当地英国殖民者设立的华民政务司“名为护卫华人,实则事事与华人为难”,甚至敲诈勒索。

黄遵宪一面与英国殖民主义者斗争,一面将《大清律例》中有关财产各条抄出,并译成英文,要求总督交给华侨聚居地承审官“一体遵办”,以保护华侨的财产。

同时,黄遵宪还提倡发展华文教育,改会贤社为图南社。

他亲任社长,拟定学规。

每月设定课题,鼓励南洋诸生学习中国文化,研究地方礼俗,关心民事民疾。

当他卸任归国时,门生潘百禄在《送黄观察公度夫子返国》一诗中,用“遂令蛮貊文明开”、“无异岭表韩公来”表达对老师的赞誉之情。

(侧面描写)《马关条约》签订后,准开沙市、重庆、苏州、杭州为通商口岸。

中日双方进行具体交涉时,黄遵宪受委派主持苏、杭两地谈判事宜。

高考语文人物传记阅读理解《崔隐甫》含答案

高考语文人物传记阅读理解《崔隐甫》含答案

高考语文人物传记阅读理解《崔隐甫》含答案(2023春·湖北·高三联考阶段练习)阅读下面的文言文,完成下面小题。

崔隐甫,贝州武城人。

隋散骑侍郎儦曾孙。

解褐左玉钤卫兵曹参军,迁殿侍御史内供奉。

浮屠..惠范倚太平公主胁人子女,隐甫劾状,反为所挤,贬邛州司马。

玄宗立,擢汾州长史,兼河东道.支度营田使,迁洛阳令。

梨园弟子胡雏善笛有宠尝负罪匿禁中帝以他事召隐甫从容指曰就卿丐此人对曰:“陛下轻臣而重乐工,请解官。

”再拜出,帝遽谢,与胡雏,隐甫杀之,有诏贳死,不及矣。

赐隐甫百缣。

居三岁,进拜御史大夫。

初,台无狱.,凡有囚则系大理。

贞观时,李乾佑为大夫,始置狱,由是中丞、侍御史皆得系人。

隐甫执故事,废掘诸狱。

其后患囚往来或漏泄,复系之厨院云。

台中自监察御史而下,旧皆得颛事,无所承谘。

隐甫始一切令归禀乃得行,有忤意辄劾正,多贬绌者,台吏侧目,威名赫然。

帝尝诏校外官岁考..。

异时必委曲参审,竟春未定。

隐甫一日会朝集使,询逮检实,其暮皆讫,议者服其敏。

帝尝谓曰:“卿为大夫,天下以为称职。

”张说当国,隐甫素恶之,乃与中丞宇文融、李林甫暴其过,不宜处位,说赐罢;然帝嫉朋党,免其官,使侍母。

岁余,复为大夫。

迁刑部尚书,兼河南尹。

帝还京师,即拜东都留守。

累封清河郡公。

卒,赠益州大都督,谥曰忠。

始,帝欲相隐甫也,谓曰:“牛仙客可与语,卿常见否?”对曰:”未也。

”帝曰:“可见之。

”隐甫终不诣。

他日又问,对如初。

帝乃不用。

子弟或问故,答曰:“吾不以其人微易之也,其材不逮中人,可与之对耶?”隐甫所至絜介自守,明吏治,在职以强正称云。

评曰:严挺之拒宰相不肯见李林甫,崔隐甫违诏不屈牛仙客,信刚者乎!二人坐是皆不得相,彼亦各申其志也。

管夷吾以编栈谕之,信曲与直不相函哉!(节选自《新唐书·列传·卷五十五》)1.下列对画波浪线部分的断句,正确的一项是()A.梨园弟子胡雏善笛/有宠/尝负罪匿禁中/帝以他事召/隐甫从容指曰/就卿/丐此人B.梨园弟子胡雏/善笛/有宠/尝负罪匿禁中/帝以他事召/隐甫从容指曰/就卿丐此人C.梨园弟子胡雏善笛/有宠/尝负罪匿禁中/帝以他事召隐甫/从容指曰/就卿丐此人D.梨园弟子胡雏/善笛/有宠/尝负罪匿禁中/帝以他事召/隐甫从容指曰/就卿/丐此人2.下列对文中加点的词语及相关内容的解说,不正确的一项是()A.浮屠,亦作“浮图”,佛教语,指和佛教相关的佛陀、和尚、佛塔等等。

初中语文中考专题训练阅读理解(人物传记)(含答案解析)

初中语文中考专题训练阅读理解(人物传记)(含答案解析)

初中语⽂中考专题训练阅读理解(⼈物传记)(含答案解析)初中语⽂中考专题训练阅读理解(⼈物传记) (含答案解析)学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________⼀、现代⽂阅读1.阅读下⽂,回答问题棱⾓屠呦呦王肖潇李璐云痴迷科学,执着不休,这固然是屠呦呦的性情之⼀,但她还有更多⾯:她不是海归,只是本⼟的,中国式的学者;不是完⼈,只是⼀个耿直的知识⼥性。

屠呦呦的故乡在浙江宁波。

她是⼀个殷实之家的掌上明珠。

当⽗亲以《诗经》中的“呦呦⿅鸣,⾷野之蒿”为其取名时,便已注定了屠呦呦与青蒿的缘分。

1945年,屠呦呦不幸染上肺结核,被迫暂停学业。

那时得此病,能活下来实属不易,经过两年多的治疗调理,她得以好转并继续学业。

也就在这时,屠呦呦对医学产⽣了浓厚的兴趣。

1951年春,屠呦呦考⼊北京医学院,选择了⽣物药学。

⼤学期间,屠呦呦学习⾮常勤奋,在⼤课上表现优异,后来在实习期间跟从⽣药学家楼之岑学习,在专业课程中,她对植物化学.本草学和植物分类学有着极⼤的兴趣。

1955年,屠呦呦⼤学毕业,被分配到卫⽣部直属的中医研究院(现中医科学院)⼯作。

当时正值中医研究院初创期,条件艰苦,设备奇缺,实验室连基本通风设施都没有,“研究⼈员戴个棉纱⼝罩,连如今的雾霾都防不了,更别提各种有毒物质了”。

⼀开始,屠呦呦从事的是中药⽣药和炮制研究。

在实验室⼯作之外,她还常常“⼀头汗两腿泥”地去野外采集样本,先后解决了中药半边莲及银柴胡的品种混乱问题;结合历代古籍和各省经验,完成《中药炮制经验集成》的主要编著⼯作。

“在做青蒿素研究的时候,屠呦呦真可以称得上是坚韧不拔。

”中医科学院⾸席研究员姜廷良告诉记者,“没有待过实验室的⼈不会明⽩,成百上千次反复的尝试有多么枯燥、寂寞,没有⾮凡的毅⼒,不可能战胜那些失败的恐惧和迷茫,不可能获得真正的成果。

”张⼤庆认为,屠呦呦是⼀位很有个性的科学家,这种耿直的性格也形成了她不啰嗦、做事果断的风格。

人物传记阅读专题练习(有答案)

人物传记阅读专题练习(有答案)

人物传记专题练习一、阅读下面的文字,完成(1)~(4)题。

黄永玉:大师之境黄永玉,中国艺术史上一位里程碑式的人物,一个罕见的本质意义上的真正艺术人。

十多年前,一位画家在聊天中向黄老倾诉心中的苦楚:年轻貌美的妻子和别人好了,他戴了“绿帽子”,眼含热泪,一脸的无辜无奈和委屈。

黄老叼着烟斗听着,从丝丝青烟中飘出两个字:“揍他!”太有性格、太有意思的一位老人家!黄永玉嗜烟,尤其对烟斗情有独钟。

无论是挥毫题字,还是泼墨作画,无论是登台演讲,或是闲庭信步,他的烟斗总是须臾不离手。

也许这总在他身侧飘绕着的缕缕青烟,也是他灵感与睿智的来源吧!黄永玉小的时候姑公(黄永玉的姑公即大文学家沈从文的父亲)非常喜欢他。

少年黄永玉整日和姑公泡在一起,练拳,举石锁,练就了一身好功夫。

12岁那年,黄永玉独身一人离开了故乡湘西凤凰,从此这位土家族汉子就开始了游侠式的生活……倚仗着健壮的身体和一身过人的好功夫,他在追求艺术的同时,行侠仗义,广交天下朋友。

在福建泉州,他结交了学木刻的两位穷朋友。

不久,两位朋友都惨遭保长的迫害:一位的老婆被保长凌辱了,一位被抓了壮丁。

黄永玉怒从心头起,恶向胆边生。

连夜干掉了保长,替朋友报了仇,此后又浪迹天涯了。

文化的渊源和自身的素质加之良好的天赋对黄老的艺术起了决定的作用,而上天赐予他特有的“缘分”更为他的艺术起了潜移默化的作用。

且不谈他和沈从文、张乐平、齐白石等艺术大家的缘分,单说他和一位出家人的奇遇就让他在其艺术生涯中受益匪浅了。

那是在60多年前的福建,年轻气盛的黄永玉在一座山庙前盛开着的玉兰树上摘花,树下站着一位老和尚,老和尚和少年黄永玉聊了起来,谈美术知识、拉斐尔、达芬奇、米开朗基罗……四天后,老和尚侧身躺在破旧的木床上,如平常睡觉姿态一般,仙逝了。

他给黄永玉留下了一幅书法条幅:“不为自己求安乐,但愿世人得离苦。

”这位老和尚就是弘一法师李叔同,一代宗师去了,留下黄永玉在庙里嚎啕大哭……曾经有好友问黄老,在他那么多专长里,他最喜欢哪个?黄老说,我最喜欢的是文学,第二是雕刻,第三是木刻,第四是绘画。

新高考语文传记类文本阅读专项训练专项练习含答案

新高考语文传记类文本阅读专项训练专项练习含答案

新高考语文传记类文本阅读专项训练专项练习含答案一、传记类文本阅读1.阅读下面的文字,完成小题。

池莉专访:在生活中修行“车、房,所有这些面上的东西我都不热衷。

”2007年的春天,池莉在酒店大堂一边看手机短信,一边果断总结。

这个终日白描物质的女人,自己却在恰当的时机看穿逃离,大约有十余年的时间,池莉不开自己的作品研讨会,不请著名人物作序或者写书评,拒绝电视,关闭博客。

她在武汉市郊安家落户,自己种菜自己吃,满足于劳动后一身大汗,享受着与人世两不相争的快活:“上午我在阅读以赛亚•柏林的书,下午我在菜地里干农活。

当家家户户炊烟升起的时候,我倚靠在篱笆上休息。

”在生活中修行中国新闻周刊:你小说中的市井描写和你的清静生活差别很大,仿佛是一个人一边在茶馆说书,一边在庙里修禅。

这种转换会让你觉得不适吗?池莉:没有。

如果不这样就不是我了。

我就是需要这样,我一直都很静,而且还一直在刻意地修炼自己内心的平静。

海必须很深很静,才可以在表面翻腾出各种浪花,很浅的水都是泡沫。

作家要目光清澈,首先物质欲望要很少。

中国新闻周刊:你觉得自己达到了理想状态吗?池莉:修身养性不是一天是一辈子的事情。

而且修炼得越到位,感觉越好。

中国式样的生活是从政治到社会到人事,到城市的每个角落,是一个非常复杂的综合状态。

作家看得越深越透越好,写得越像越客观越好。

中国新闻周刊:除了阅读,你通过什么途径来观察这种复杂生活呢?池莉:不需要什么刻意的途径啊!我就在生活。

生活对我来说无处不在。

不是你不出去就没有生活。

对于一个修炼到一定层次的人来说,光是看和思想,就足可以达到生活的最深处;而一些生活现象与场景,在写作中就是技术性问题,很简单了。

中国新闻周刊:你会担心被时代淘汰吗?池莉:任何时代都有不被淘汰的作家,也都会有作家被淘汰。

作家和社会的变化是没有直接的关系的。

关键在于作家自己。

最好的作家无需把所有的职业都做完了再来写作。

他把握的是人类的灵魂和精神状态。

幸福感与成败无关中国新闻周刊:作家出版社1989年出版的文学新星丛书——《烦恼人生》里,你在前言中介绍,我只剩下了一个愿望:好好过日子。

人物传记阅读习题答案

人物传记阅读习题答案

人物传记阅读训练(一)答案一、①生活简朴:坐公交上班,穿打补丁的衣服,一双军绿色的解放胶鞋,下班时还会带上两个单位食堂里买的馒头。

参加国际会议时穿打了三层补丁的鞋,提着人造革的破书包。

住的是老旧的单元房,小客厅不到14平方米。

(列举2点即可)②爱情朴素:他们的爱情与事业紧密结合,风雨与共,相依相携。

③对国家的挚爱:一生的重大选择都和祖国的需要连在一起。

(6分,每点2分)(4)“对国家的挚爱”是何泽慧这一代人成名成家、令后人仰慕的重要原因。

(2分)①由于抗日救亡的需要,何泽慧在德国留学时毅然选择实验弹道学的专业方向,这奠定了她一生事业的基础。

(2分)②坚信只有科学能够使祖国尽快摆脱贫弱落后的局面,在祖国需要时,不顾一切及时回国,在十分简陋的条件下开展工作,拥有了展现自己才华的舞台。

(2分)③在92岁高龄时,不小心摔断了腿,但痊愈之后照样去单位,赢得了敬重。

(2分)人物传记阅读训练(二)答案三、汪曾祺笔下的沈从文.①他是一个有蛮劲狠劲,敢于拼搏的人。

②他是一个做事情“耐烦”,锲而不舍,对作品苦心雕琢,精益求精的人。

③他是一个热爱自己的家乡的人。

④他是一个看破人事乘除,得失荣辱置之度外,心地明净的人。

(需结合文章分析,答出三点即可)四、慧眼识英才【答案】①热爱数学,锐利进取,思维缜密;②知恩善报,对恩师非常尊敬和感激;③习惯于单枪匹马地进行自我研究,语言表达能力较差。

人物传记阅读训练(三)答案五、追随我心①人生有些东西是应该放弃的,所以不要固执盲目地坚持;人生有些东西是应该坚持的,所以不要轻易地放弃。

(2分)②李开复对自己不感兴趣的政治学科没有坚持,对备受冷落的计算机领域的语音学没有坚持,对苹果、微软、SGI和Google的高职位没有坚持,他的人生一直是不断改变的过程,所以他是没有遗憾的。

(3分)③李开复一直坚持“自己设计自己”的人生信条,一直坚持“追随本心”的人生理念,一直坚持创新的意识,且从没有放弃这些坚持,即使是在人生的辉煌时期,所以他的人生是值得尊敬的,没有遗憾的。

高考试题中有关 人物传记 的阅读理解及详解

高考试题中有关 人物传记 的阅读理解及详解

定额市鞍钢阳光实验学校第1题(普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语(全国Ⅰ)DAnyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be interested in the memoir(回忆录)of Ralph W. Tyler, who is one of the most famous men in American education.Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education.Graduate work at the University of Chicago found him connected with honorable educators Charles Judd and W. W. Charters, whose ideas of teaching and testing had an effect on his later work. In 1927, he became a teacher of Ohio State University where he further developed a new method of testing.Tyler became well-known nationality in 1938, when he carried his work with the Eight-Year Study from Ohio State University to the University of Chicago at the invitation of Robert Hutchins.Tyler was the first director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford, a position he held for fourteen years. There, he firmly believed that researchers should be free to seek an independent(的)spirit in their work.Although Tyler officially retired in 1967, he never actually retired. He served on a long list of educational organizations in the United States and abroad. Even in his 80s he traveled across the country to advise teachers and management people on how to set objectives(目标)that develop the best teaching and learning within their schools. 68. Who are most probably interested in Ralph W. Tyler’s memoir?A. Top managers.B. Language learners.C. Serious educators.D. Science organizations.69. The words “hooked oh teaching” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean ________.A. attracted to teachingB. tired of teachingC. satisfied with teachingD. unhappy about teaching70. Where did Tyler work as the leader of a research center for over10 years?A. The University of Chicago.B. Stanford University.C. Ohio State University.D. Nebraska University.71. Tyler is said to have never actually retired because____________.A. he developed a new method of testingB. he called for free spirit in researchC. he was still active in giving adviceD. he still led the Eight-Year Study答案 68. C 69. A 70. B 71. C68. 解析:这是一道推断题。

初二英语人物传记故事阅读类试题

初二英语人物传记故事阅读类试题

初二英语人物传记故事阅读类试题1. Mrs. Black is sixty-nine years old. She only has a daughter named Sandra. Mr. Black died twelve years ago. Mrs. Black was very sad and lived in her house alone. Two years ago her daughter had a baby. The young woman was busy all the time and had no time to look after her son James. She asked her mother to live with them. The old woman had to sell her house and moved there. __【1】_. And the family liked her.Last autumn Mrs. Black went to do some shopping. A car hit her and her leg was hurt. She had to be in hospital for three months. ___【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。

联系上文:布莱克夫人到女儿家住,这家人都喜欢她。

结合选项,第四项她是强壮的并且能完成所有的家务。

故选D【2】__ At first her daughter was kind to her, but soon she began to be tired of(讨厌) her. The old woman wanted to leave, but she had no money to buy a house and nobody could take care of her. __【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。

初中语文 中考专题训练 阅读理解(人物传记) (含答案解析)

初中语文 中考专题训练 阅读理解(人物传记) (含答案解析)

初中语文中考专题训练阅读理解(人物传记) (含答案解析)学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________一、现代文阅读1.阅读下文,回答问题棱角屠呦呦王肖潇李璐云痴迷科学,执着不休,这固然是屠呦呦的性情之一,但她还有更多面:她不是海归,只是本土的,中国式的学者;不是完人,只是一个耿直的知识女性。

屠呦呦的故乡在浙江宁波。

她是一个殷实之家的掌上明珠。

当父亲以《诗经》中的“呦呦鹿鸣,食野之蒿”为其取名时,便已注定了屠呦呦与青蒿的缘分。

1945年,屠呦呦不幸染上肺结核,被迫暂停学业。

那时得此病,能活下来实属不易,经过两年多的治疗调理,她得以好转并继续学业。

也就在这时,屠呦呦对医学产生了浓厚的兴趣。

1951年春,屠呦呦考入北京医学院,选择了生物药学。

大学期间,屠呦呦学习非常勤奋,在大课上表现优异,后来在实习期间跟从生药学家楼之岑学习,在专业课程中,她对植物化学.本草学和植物分类学有着极大的兴趣。

1955年,屠呦呦大学毕业,被分配到卫生部直属的中医研究院(现中医科学院)工作。

当时正值中医研究院初创期,条件艰苦,设备奇缺,实验室连基本通风设施都没有,“研究人员戴个棉纱口罩,连如今的雾霾都防不了,更别提各种有毒物质了”。

一开始,屠呦呦从事的是中药生药和炮制研究。

在实验室工作之外,她还常常“一头汗两腿泥”地去野外采集样本,先后解决了中药半边莲及银柴胡的品种混乱问题;结合历代古籍和各省经验,完成《中药炮制经验集成》的主要编著工作。

“在做青蒿素研究的时候,屠呦呦真可以称得上是坚韧不拔。

”中医科学院首席研究员姜廷良告诉记者,“没有待过实验室的人不会明白,成百上千次反复的尝试有多么枯燥、寂寞,没有非凡的毅力,不可能战胜那些失败的恐惧和迷茫,不可能获得真正的成果。

”张大庆认为,屠呦呦是一位很有个性的科学家,这种耿直的性格也形成了她不啰嗦、做事果断的风格。

姜廷良说,“她的耿直在工作上表现为极度的认真,有时候我问她一个数据,结果她第二天打电话给我,说她总算查到了原始出处,这才告诉我具体数据。

初二语文人物传记类试题答案及解析

初二语文人物传记类试题答案及解析

初二语文人物传记类试题答案及解析1.(10分)书谢御史吴敏树(清)谢御史者,吾楚湘乡谢芗泉先生也。

当乾隆末,宰相和珅用事,权焰张。

有宠奴常乘珅车以出,人避之,莫敢诘。

先生为御史,巡城遇之,怒,命卒曳下奴,笞之。

奴曰:“汝敢笞我!我乘我主车,汝敢笞我!”先生益大怒,痛笞奴,遂焚烧其车。

曰:“此车岂复堪宰相坐耶!”九衢①中,人聚观,欢呼曰:“此真好御史矣!”和珅恨之,假他事削其籍以归。

先生文章名一时,喜山水,乃遍游江浙,所至,人士争奉筇②屐③迎。

饮酒赋诗,名益高,天下之人,皆传称“烧车御史”。

和珅诛,复官部郎以卒。

注:①九衢(qú):四通八达的道路。

②筇(qiǒng):竹杖。

③屐:登山用的鞋。

【1】解释下列句中加点的实词。

(4分)(1)命卒曳下奴(2)汝敢笞我(3)假他事削其籍以归(4)先生文章名一时【答案】(4分)(1)拉 (2)用竹板打 (3)借 (4)出名、闻名【解析】本着“题在课外,答在课内”的原则,课内的文言实词解释要牢记在心。

所以要求学生在学习中,注意对教材中重点词汇的理解、识记和积累。

对文言文中重点词语的释义掌握要做到具体、精确。

如这里“笞”应理解为“动词,用竹板打”。

【考点】理解常见文言实词在文中的含义。

【2】下列加点词的意义和用法相同的一组是(2分)()A.有宠奴常乘珅车以出以中有足乐者B.假他事削其籍以归其真无马耶C.巡城遇之何陋之有D.乃遍游江浙乃密布字印【答案】(2分)D【解析】D中二者都是“于是”;A:顺承连词/因为;B:代词/语气词;C:代词/助词。

【考点】理解常见文言虚词在文中的意义。

【3】翻译句子。

(2分)先生益大怒,痛笞奴,遂焚烧其车。

【答案】(2分)谢芗泉先生更加愤怒,将这个奴仆痛打一顿,最后将他坐的车烧掉。

(“益”“遂”1分,文句通畅1分)【解析】文言翻译的标准是三个字:信、达、雅。

对于学生而言,能达到前两个标准“信”(准确无误)和“达”(通顺流畅)就很不错了。

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人物传记专题阅读(一)黄遵宪的外交活动(2010辽宁卷)作为清朝第一任驻日使馆参赞,黄遵宪表现出很强的历史责任感。

除协助公使处理外交事务外,他“既居东二年,稍稍习其文,读其书,与其士大夫交游”。

黄遵宪不愿埋首经籍,主张“识时贵知今,通情贵阅世”,走经世致用之路。

为了澄清过去封建士大夫对日本的糊涂概念,“遂发凡起例,创为《日本国志》一书”。

该书以“史家纪述,务从实录”为主导思想,力求客观地向中国人民全面、准确地介绍日本的历史及现状,“详今略古,详近略远,凡牵涉西法,尤加详备,期适用也”。

显然,黄遵宪想要通过叙述日本明治维新的改革历史,为中国的改革提供借鉴。

书中以叙述日本历史为经,以评论古今得失为纬。

用“外史氏曰”的形式,阐发他的见解,从而把自己的改革思想糅合进日本史的叙述之中。

1891年11月1日,黄遵宪被任命为清政府驻新加坡总领事。

到任后,他详察南洋各岛情形,体察侨民疾苦,并着手改善侨胞待遇。

事事与华人为难”,甚至敲诈勒索。

黄遵宪一面与英国殖民主义者斗争,一面将《大清律例》中有关财产各条抄出,并译成英文,要求总督交给华侨聚居地承审官“一体遵办”,以保护华侨的财产。

同时,黄遵宪还提倡发展华文教育,改会贤社为图南社。

他亲任社长,拟定学规。

每月设定课题,鼓励南洋诸生学习中国文化,研究地方礼俗,关心民事民疾。

当他卸任归国时,门生潘百禄在《送黄观察公度夫子返国》一诗中,用“遂令蛮貊文明开”、“无异岭表韩公来”表达对老师的赞誉之情。

(侧面描写)《马关条约》签订后,准开沙市、重庆、苏州、杭州为通商口岸。

中日双方进行具体交涉时,黄遵宪受委派主持苏、杭两地谈判事宜。

他谈判的对手是日本著名外交家珍田舍己。

当时,珍田摆出一副盛气凌人的架势,要求在苏、杭开埠,专界专管,并且蛮横地说:“奉本国政府接受专管租界之命,但求按约指地。

”黄遵宪毫不示弱,不为其气势所慑。

他援引《马关条约》条文,指出“新约所评,只许通商,遍查中文、日文、英文,并无许以苏州让给一地,听日本政府自行管理之语”,拒绝了珍田的无理要求,他又亲自草拟《商埠议案》,凡是《马关条约》文本语焉不详的地方,只要是有利于挽回中国自主权利的,“无孔不钻”,“无微不至”,从而有理有利有节地挫败了珍田的嚣张气焰,在国家民族危亡的情势下为中国争了口气。

黄遵宪在《上某星使论外交家尽职书》中,把他十几年间处理外交事务的经验总结为“挪展之法”、“渐展之法”和“抵制之法”,其中最重要的是“抵制之法”。

因为在他看来,当时清朝处于列强环视之下,帝国主义瓜分中国的不平等条约已祸害多年,在对外交涉中只图能多挽回些利权,以保国民生计。

又因为在弱肉强食的竞争原则下,弱国无外交,与帝国主义的斗争就不能不讲究策略。

他阐述说:“于固执己见,则诿以彼国未明我意;于争夺己权,则托于我国愿同协力;于要求己利,则谬谓两国均有利益。

不斥彼之说为无理,而指为难行;不以我之说为必行,而请其酌度。

”即在谈判中千万不能感情用事,把事情弄僵,贻误全局。

一定要掌握好谈判的分寸,应想方设法达到自己的目的,同时又不至于使对方下不了台,交不了差。

黄遵宪继续阐述说:“不以彼不悦不怿而阻而不行。

言语有时而互驳,而辞气终不愤激;辞色有时而受拒,而请谒终不惮烦;议论有时而改易,而主意终不游移。

将之以诚恳,济之以坚贞,守之以含忍。

”黄遵宪认为,凡此种种交涉手段和谈判策略,最终是要达到使“吾民受护商之益”,即保护并发展民族工商业的目的。

(1)黄遵宪所撰《日本国志》一书具有哪些特点?请简要概括。

(6分)(2)从文中看,作为清政府驻新加坡总领事,黄遵宪的主要功绩是什么?请简要论述。

(6分)(3)黄遵宪认为,在当时的形势下,外交谈判应该坚持“诚恳”“坚贞”“含忍”三项原则,请选择其中一项,并结合全文,谈谈你的看法。

(8分)1、黄遵宪所撰《日本国志》一书具有哪些特点?请简要概括。

(6分)答:①务从实录、全面客观准确的写作宗旨;②详今略古、详近略远的编写原则;③史论结合的编纂方法2、从文中看,作为清政府驻新加坡总领事,黄遵宪的主要功绩是什么?请简要论述。

(6分)答:①详察南洋各岛情形,查访侨民疾苦,改善侨胞待遇;②与当地英国华民政务司斗争,以《大清律例》保护华侨财产;③改会贤社为图南社,积极发展华文教育。

3、黄遵宪认为,在当时的形势下,外交谈判应该坚持“诚恳”、“坚贞”、“含忍”三项原则,请选择其中一项,并结合全文,谈谈你的看法。

(8分)答:观点一:谈判态度要诚恳。

① 不说对方所提的方案无理,只说难以实现;②不说自己所提的方案一定可行,只说请对方考虑;③不能感情用事,贻误全局。

观点二:要坚持自己的原则立场。

① 坚持自己的意见就说对方没有明白我方的意思,争取自己的权利就说愿与对方同心协力,要求自己的利益就说双方都有好处;②不因为对方不高兴就放弃自己的原则立场;③表述的方式可能有所不同,但坚持自己的观点却要毫不含糊。

观点三:要学会克制忍让。

①无论辩论如何激烈,都要做到始终不说过头话;②当对方拒绝我方的要求时,要始终请求谒告,不厌其烦;③掌握好谈判的分寸,不至于使对方交不了差。

我所认识的梁漱溟(2008·山东高考)我是在梁先生于重庆北培创办“勉仁学院”时(1948年)认识他的。

“勉仁”是梁先生的斋名,取儒家“勉于行仁”的意义;先前他也以“勉仁”办了一所中学。

我是在建校以后去的,在那里待了一年多,所以对梁先生的学问与人格也有一些了解。

他是个了不起人物,从性情、智慧、个人人格各方面来讲,在这种时代,要找这种人,已经不太容易了。

他的议论不管是对是错,都有真知灼见。

他和一般社会上的名人、名流不同,他对中国有极深的关怀,平生所志都在为中国未来的发展寻出一条恰当的途径,例如“乡村建设运动”,就是梁先生思想见之于行动的具体表现,不只是讲说学问而已。

“乡村建设”的实践,就他思想的渊源来看,可以《东西文化及其哲学》为代表。

这本书是梁先生应王鸿一之邀,在山东以“东西文化及其哲学”为题的演讲稿合辑而成的。

那时他还很年轻,不到30岁。

这是当时非常了不起的一本著作,思辨性非常强,自成一家之言,不是东拉西扯,左拼右凑出来的,而是一条主脉贯串而下,像螺丝钉钻缝入几的深造自得之作,可说是第一流的。

梁先生没出过洋,又不是什么翰林学士,但一样可以讲中西文化问题;黑格尔没到过中国,也不认识中国字,但到现在为止,讲中西文化问题的,没有一个超过黑格尔的,谁能够像黑格尔了解到那种程度的?这就是哲学家的本事了。

梁先生讲中西文化,完全出自于他对时代的体认及民族的情感,而这又是承续自他家庭中关心国事的传统。

梁先生的父亲梁济(字巨川),在民国七年时,为抗议象征着固有文化的清朝之灭亡,而自杀身亡。

这是一个时代的问题,也是梁先生格外关注的文化问题。

究竟,中国文化该何去何从?中国文化在满清统治了三百年之后,从辛亥革命到现在,一直难以步上正轨,而源始于十七、八、九世纪近代文明的西方文化,就摆在眼前,应该如何作个抉择?梁先生曾说过一句话:要读他的《中国文化要义》,保存中国传统。

保存文化是对的,那一个民族能否定自己的文化?但想了解中国文化并不容易,读《中国文化要义》恐怕不如读《东西文化其及哲学》。

《中国文化要义》是从他的《乡村建设理论》简约出来的,哲学味太重了,每一个项目都需要再加以申说,否则不易懂。

而《乡村建设理论》虽是他最用心的著作,企图自农村风俗习惯的横剖面深刻剖析中,归结出中国文化的特征,但是纵贯性不够,在方法论上“从果说因”,是有问题的。

这是梁先生一生吃亏的地方,也使他不可能真正了解到中国文化。

梁先生晚年观念已老,也有很多问题没有触及,尤其是文化上。

但是,在文革之时,他却表现了中国知识分子不屈不挠的风骨与气节,这是他最值得敬佩的地方。

他被批斗时,家具和所有的藏书也都被摧残烧燬,他并没有反抗,只极力要求破坏者让他保留一部字典,因为那部字典是向朋友借来的,烧掉了会对不起他的朋友。

虽然最后这部字典还是不能幸免,被烧掉了,但是从这件事上,也可以看到他那来自传统知识分子的忠厚的一面。

梁先生在近代中国是一个文化的复兴者,不但身体力行地宣掦了传统的儒家思想,更可以说是接续了清代断绝了300年的中国文化。

这是他的一生最有意义的地方,也正是梁漱溟先生象征“文化中国”的意义所在。

1.文章第二段说“他是个了不起的人物”,“他和社会上一般的名人、名流不同”。

这样评说梁漱溟的具体理由是什么?(4分)2.文章第四段写到了梁漱溟父亲自杀身亡,这段文字在文中有何作用?(4分)3.作者在评述《中国文化要义》等著作特点的同时,也指出了梁漱溟的不足。

他的不足之处具体表现在哪几个方面?(4分)4.作为一篇评传性文章,作者是从哪几个方面“认识”梁漱溟的?这样写对你的写作有何启示?,文章第二段说“他是个了不起的(6分)19人物”,“他和社会上一般的名人、名流不同”。

这样评说梁漱溟的具体理由是什么?(4分)「答案」有真知灼见:不只是讲说学问,还将思想付之于个体行动。

「解析与启示」本题主要考查“筛选并整合文中的信息”的能力,能力层级为C级。

理解时把题干返回到原文中,结合上下句进行分析,尽量化用原文词句整合、组织答案。

本题的答题区间很明显,由题干的提示,答案在第2段中就可以找到、找全。

20.文章第四段写到了梁漱溟父亲自杀身亡,这段文字在文中有何作用?(4分)「答案」表明梁漱溟关心国事是有家庭传统的:是梁漱溟格外关注文化问题的原因:使读者对人物有更全面的了他解。

「解析与启示」本题主要考查“分析文章结构,把握文章思路”的能力,能力层级为C级。

理解本题时,要跳出固有的思维框架:谈及“作用”,就要从内容和结构两个方面作答。

本题设题比较灵活。

实际上,在第4段中写的梁漱溟父亲自杀身亡,它是一个事例、一个论据,这样,本题就转化成了论据和论点的关系,论据是为了证明论点,所以在寻找答案时,就要抓住中心观点的句子。

据此,参考答案中的前两个要点就很容易落实到位。

至于第三个要点,则要考虑到文体特征。

作为一篇评传性文章,记叙事件就是为了使读者对人物了解的更全面、更直观,故要点三也就不难理解了。

21.作者在评述《中国文化要义》等著作特点的同时,也指出了梁漱溟的不足。

他的不足之处个体表现在哪几个方面?(4分)「答案」《中国文化要义》哲学味太浓;《乡村建设理论》在方法论上“从果说因”;晚年观念已老;在文化上有很多问题没有触及。

答“哲学味太浓、方法论上从果说因、观念陈旧、文化上有很多问题没有触及”也可。

「解析与启示」本题主要考查“筛选并整合文中的信息”的能力,能力层级为C级。

根据题干的提示,本题的答题区间很明显,在第7、8段。

关键是答题要点组织的要有条理性,如第8段中就涉及两个要点,特别要看清其中的“也”字。

22.作为一篇评传性文章,作者是从哪几个方面“认识”梁漱溟的?这样写对你的写作有何启示?(6分)「答案」主要是从学问和人格两个方面去认识梁漱溟的。

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