动词不规则变化
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英语动词不规则变化
时态是中学阶段的重点,也是难点。而与其息息相关的动词(尤其是不规则动词)的过去式、过去分词的变化散乱难记,令人头疼。可仔细琢磨就不难发现它们的变化有一定的规律可循。
一、A-A-A型。即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同(9个)cost-cost-cost
cut-cut-cut
hit-hit-hit
hurt-hurt-hurt
let-let-let
put-put-put
read-read-read
set-set-set
shut-shut-shut
二、A-B-B型。即过去式和过去分词相同(共41个)
1.过去式和过去分词都含有-ought(3个)
bring-br ought-br ought
buy-b ought-b ought
think-th ought-th ought
2.词尾有-ild,-end时,只需把d变为t(4个)
build-buil t-buil t
lend-len t-len t
send-sen t-sen t
spend-spen t-spen t
3.过去式、过去分词都含有-aught(2个)catch-c aught-c aught
teach-t aught-t aught
4.把-eep变为-ept(3个)
keep-k ept-k ept
sleep-sl ept-sl ept
sweep-sw ept-sw ept
5.把-ell变为-old(2个)
tell-t old-t old
sell-s old-s old
6.过去式、过去分词都含有-elt或-ilt(4个)smell-sm elt-sm elt
spell-sp elt-sp elt
feel-f elt-f elt
spill-sp ilt-sp ilt
7.过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾+t(3个)learn-learn t-learn t
mean-mean t-mean t
spoil-spoil t-spoil t
8.过去式、过去分词词尾都是-d(4个)
say-sai d-sai d
pay-pai d-pai d
lay-lai d-lai d
hear-hear d-hear d
9.改变元音字母(11个)
m ee t-m e t-m e t
g e t-g o t-g o t
s i t-s a t-s a t
f i nd-f ou nd-f ou nd
h o ld-h e ld-h e ld
sp i t-sp a t-sp a t
sh i ne-sh o ne-sh o ne
w i n-w o n-w o n
h a ng-h u ng-h u ng
d i g-d u g-d u g
los e-los t-los t
10.改变辅音字母(1个)
ma k e-ma d e-ma d e
11.改变元、辅音字母(4个)le ave-le ft-le ft
st an d-st oo d-st oo d
ha ve/ha s-ha d-ha d
underst an d-underst oo d-underst oo d
三、A-B-C型。即原形,过去式和过去分词都不相同(共35个)
1. i-a-u变化(6个)
beg i n-beg a n-beg u n
dr i nk-dr a nk-dr u nk
s i ng-s a ng-s u ng
r i ng-r a ng-r u ng
sw i m-sw a n-sw u m
s i nk-s a nk-s u nk
2.词尾为-ow,-aw时,过去式将其变为-ew,过去分词在其原形后+n (5个)
bl ow-bl ew-bl own
dr aw-dr ew-dr awn
gr ow-gr ew-gr own
kn ow-kn ew-kn own
thr ow-thr ew-thr own
3.词尾为“i+辅音(1个)+e”,过去式将i变为o,过去分词多在原形后+n,若那个辅音字母为d或t,须双写d或t再+n (4个)
dr i ve-dr o ve-drive n
wr i te-wr o te-wri tten
r i de-r o de-ri dden
r i se-r o se-rise n
4.过去分词在过去式后+(e)n(5个)
break-brok e-broke n
choose-chose-chose n
freeze-froze-froze n
speak-spoke-spok en
wake-woke-woke n
5.过去分词由过去式+ten构成(1个)
forget-forgot-forgot ten
6.过去分词由原形+(e)n构成(6个)
be-was/were-been
eat-ate-eaten
fall-fell-fallen
give-gave-given
see-saw-seen
hide-hid-hidden
7.词尾为-ake时,过去式将其变为-ook,过去分词在原形后+n(2个)take-took-taken
mistake-mistook-mistaken
8.原形。过去式和过去分词都不相同(6个)
do-did-done
fly-flew-flown
go-went-gone