动词不规则变化

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英语动词不规则变化

时态是中学阶段的重点,也是难点。而与其息息相关的动词(尤其是不规则动词)的过去式、过去分词的变化散乱难记,令人头疼。可仔细琢磨就不难发现它们的变化有一定的规律可循。

一、A-A-A型。即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同(9个)cost-cost-cost

cut-cut-cut

hit-hit-hit

hurt-hurt-hurt

let-let-let

put-put-put

read-read-read

set-set-set

shut-shut-shut

二、A-B-B型。即过去式和过去分词相同(共41个)

1.过去式和过去分词都含有-ought(3个)

bring-br ought-br ought

buy-b ought-b ought

think-th ought-th ought

2.词尾有-ild,-end时,只需把d变为t(4个)

build-buil t-buil t

lend-len t-len t

send-sen t-sen t

spend-spen t-spen t

3.过去式、过去分词都含有-aught(2个)catch-c aught-c aught

teach-t aught-t aught

4.把-eep变为-ept(3个)

keep-k ept-k ept

sleep-sl ept-sl ept

sweep-sw ept-sw ept

5.把-ell变为-old(2个)

tell-t old-t old

sell-s old-s old

6.过去式、过去分词都含有-elt或-ilt(4个)smell-sm elt-sm elt

spell-sp elt-sp elt

feel-f elt-f elt

spill-sp ilt-sp ilt

7.过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾+t(3个)learn-learn t-learn t

mean-mean t-mean t

spoil-spoil t-spoil t

8.过去式、过去分词词尾都是-d(4个)

say-sai d-sai d

pay-pai d-pai d

lay-lai d-lai d

hear-hear d-hear d

9.改变元音字母(11个)

m ee t-m e t-m e t

g e t-g o t-g o t

s i t-s a t-s a t

f i nd-f ou nd-f ou nd

h o ld-h e ld-h e ld

sp i t-sp a t-sp a t

sh i ne-sh o ne-sh o ne

w i n-w o n-w o n

h a ng-h u ng-h u ng

d i g-d u g-d u g

los e-los t-los t

10.改变辅音字母(1个)

ma k e-ma d e-ma d e

11.改变元、辅音字母(4个)le ave-le ft-le ft

st an d-st oo d-st oo d

ha ve/ha s-ha d-ha d

underst an d-underst oo d-underst oo d

三、A-B-C型。即原形,过去式和过去分词都不相同(共35个)

1. i-a-u变化(6个)

beg i n-beg a n-beg u n

dr i nk-dr a nk-dr u nk

s i ng-s a ng-s u ng

r i ng-r a ng-r u ng

sw i m-sw a n-sw u m

s i nk-s a nk-s u nk

2.词尾为-ow,-aw时,过去式将其变为-ew,过去分词在其原形后+n (5个)

bl ow-bl ew-bl own

dr aw-dr ew-dr awn

gr ow-gr ew-gr own

kn ow-kn ew-kn own

thr ow-thr ew-thr own

3.词尾为“i+辅音(1个)+e”,过去式将i变为o,过去分词多在原形后+n,若那个辅音字母为d或t,须双写d或t再+n (4个)

dr i ve-dr o ve-drive n

wr i te-wr o te-wri tten

r i de-r o de-ri dden

r i se-r o se-rise n

4.过去分词在过去式后+(e)n(5个)

break-brok e-broke n

choose-chose-chose n

freeze-froze-froze n

speak-spoke-spok en

wake-woke-woke n

5.过去分词由过去式+ten构成(1个)

forget-forgot-forgot ten

6.过去分词由原形+(e)n构成(6个)

be-was/were-been

eat-ate-eaten

fall-fell-fallen

give-gave-given

see-saw-seen

hide-hid-hidden

7.词尾为-ake时,过去式将其变为-ook,过去分词在原形后+n(2个)take-took-taken

mistake-mistook-mistaken

8.原形。过去式和过去分词都不相同(6个)

do-did-done

fly-flew-flown

go-went-gone

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