专四常考、难点词汇

There being/ to be:

What’s the chance of there being a general election this year? (05, 61)

It is not uncommon for there to be problems of communication between the old and the young. (07, 63)

There being nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end…(00, 45)

For there to be:

British National Corpus: for there to be, 106 hits, for there being 5 hits ( but all informal, conversational, or unscripted lectures and some native speakers may find both awkward. They’d sooner use “that”clause) . So the correct answer should be“for there to be”:

Eg.:

They concluded that is was necessary for there to be an effect upon trade in the market where the restrictions occurred.

it is necessary for there to be some check on the activities of Government

It is simply undesirable for there to be a direct transfer of research findings into the curriculum ...

House/household:

Bring misfortune to the person…or to the whole house. (06,41)

House: the family

Eg. Be careful, or you will wake up the whole house.

A full house/ all the drinks are on the house免费的饮料

Household:家庭、家产（作家庭讲时，偏向统计性或一般性）

Eg. The whole household was / were up early. The head of the household

Almost every household in America owns a car.

Household names/appliances

Instrument/ tool:

Teachers in this school were encouraged to use drama as an instrument of learning. (08, 73)

分析：

Drama is both a creative art form in its own right and an instrument of learning.

而tool 和learning 的搭配的确是for:

F9T 557 Poetry, Sedgwick says, is a valuable tool for learning of all sorts.

F9T 935 Most of us insufficiently understand the power of poetry as a tool for learning for humans of all abilities.

HHY7275And to do both we need to have a better and clearer idea of what an educational tool for learning looks like.

JXK 1322 --; variously described as" empty-shell" and content free and as a labour-saving device and tool for learning.

A tool of:

似乎比较常见的是a tool of management/analysis/research/policy/thought/control/education/ training/communication

All the way/through/ throughout:

But Dr. Offutt supported me all the way/throughout. (07, 42)

All the way 可以放句末，相比而言all the way 可能比throughout更常用一些。

1.I kept the boys in sight intermittently all the way.

2.But this time the door had been closed all the way, and she couldn't make out what was being

said.

all the way through

Yeah, there there are lots or mistakes, there are lots of mistakes all the way through

It whistled virtually all the way through, it went don't you know it

Throughout adverb in every part: rotten throughout.

In or through all parts; everywhere: The material is flawed throughout.

at every moment or point: following the text closely throughout

During the entire time or extent: Though unsure how her speech would be received, she remained calm and professional throughout

In the situation that/ where:

Have you ever been in a situation where you know the other person is right… (02, 44)

In the situation后面表示该情形的内容时只用where/ in which,用that是situation做后面从句的主语或宾语。

B2F 274 Identify precisely when you indulge in the habit and what ingredients are present in the situation that triggers it.

EFA 424 Alternatively, Ho may simply have been waiting for something to turn up, something that would tip the scales one way or the other in the situation that was neither peace nor war.

kind/type/sort of:

直接加名词，前面无冠词

we will have to install some type of solar heating device in our home. (05, 56)

I’ve never seen that kind of tree before. (05, 66)

There is no such thing as private ownership of land. (06, 60)

too much/little/ more/less + of a…

He is too much of a coward to tell the truth (01, 48)

He is more of a sportsman than Tim. (05, 59)