大学英语四级考试模式考试试卷

三峡大学2008年11月四级模拟考试注意事项一、将自己的姓名、考场号（教室号+座位号）写在答题卡1和答题卡2上。

二、试题册、答题卡均不得带出考场。

考试结束后，教师收卷后才可离开考场。

三、仔细读懂题目的说明。

四、在30分钟内做完答题卡1上的作文题。

30分钟后考生按指令启封试题册。

在接着的15分钟内完成快速阅读理解部分的试题。

然后监考员收取答题卡1，考生在答题卡2上完成其余部分的试题。

全部答题时间为125分钟，不得拖延答题。

五、考生必须在答题卡上作答，凡写在试题册上的大案一律无效。

六、多项选择题每题只有一个答案；如多选，则该题无分。

选定答案后用HB-2B浓度的铅笔在相应的字母中划一条横线。

划线要有一定的粗度，要盖过字母的底色。

七、如果要改动答案，必须先用橡皮擦净原来选定的答案，然后按规定重新答题。

八、在考试过程中要注意对自己的答案保密。

若被他人抄袭，一经发现，后果自负。

Part Ⅰ Writing （30 minutes）Directions： For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should Undergraduates Be Encouraged to Get Married. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below：1. 有人认为大学生在校期间可以结婚2. 也有人认为不应该鼓励他们在校期间结婚3. 我的观点注意：在实考中，此部分试题在答题卡1上。

Should Undergraduates Be Encouraged to Get MarriedPart Ⅱ Reading Comprehension （Skimming and Scanning）（15 minutes）Directions：In this part，you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1 to 7，choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).For questions 8 to 10，complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.LotteriesIn the United States，38 states and the District of Columbia （Washington，D. C.）have lotteries. A lottery is a form of gambling that is run by the state. Most states have several different games，including instant-win scratch-off games， daily games and games where you have to pick three or four numbers.The game with the biggest jackpot is almost always Lotto. This game usually involves picking the correct six numbers from a set of balls，with each ball numbered from 1 to 50 （some games use more or less than 50）.Calculating the OddsLet’s take a look at how to calculate the odds of picking the right number for a typical Lotto game. In order to win our example game， you have to pick the correct six numbers from 50 possible balls. The order in which the numbers are picked is not important；you just have to pick the correct six numbers.The odds of picking a single correct number depend on how many balls have been chosen already. For instance，let’s say none of the six numbers had been picked yet and you had to guess just one number correctly. Since there are 50 numbers to choose from， and since six balls are going to be picked，you have six tries at picking the number correctly. The odds of picking one number correctly are 50/6=8.33∶1.Using a similar calculation，we can determine the odds of picking another number correctly after one number has already been drawn. We know there are49 balls left， and that five more balls will be drawn. So the odds of pickinga number correctly after one has been drawn are 49/5=9.8∶1. When you have to guess what the last number is going to be，there are only 45 balls left to choose from. As you only get one shot at it， your odds are only 45∶1. The odds of picking all six lottery numbers are calculated the same way. By multiplying together the odds of each individual event，your odds are： 50/6×49/5×48/4×47/3×46/2×45/1=15，890，700∶1.Changing the OddsSome states have been increasing or decreasing the number of balls in order to change the odds. If the odds are too easy，then someone will win the jackpot almost every week and the prize will never grow.Large jackpots tend to drive more ticket sales. If the prize is not large enough，ticket sales can decrease. On the other hand， if the odds against winning are too great，ticket sales can also decline. It is important for each lottery to find the right balance between the odds and the number of people playing.If you add just one number to our hypothetical lottery， so people now have to pick from 51 balls，the odds increase to 18,009，460∶1.The Lotto MachinesThere are two main types of Lotto machines：gravity pick and air mix. The machines are designed and proven using statistical analysis to produce random combinations of numbers. In addition, the balls are always visible during the mixing and drawing process—they never disappear inside tubes or chambers. This helps prevent tampering； and since the drawings are televised live，it gives the viewer confidence that the drawing is not being fixed.One common type of gravity-pick machine uses solid rubber balls.The balls are dropped into a chamber where two paddles， which spin in opposite directions，mix the balls. The operator actuates a sliding door at the bottom of the mixing chamber. One at a time，six balls pass through a clear tube into a clear display area where the numbers can be read. An optical sensor detects the passage of each ball， allowing only the correct number of balls to pass through the doorway.The other type of machine that is commonly used for Lotto is the air mix machine. However，it should be noted that the air-mix machine is generally believed less secure than the gravity-pick machine. The air-mix machine uses ping-pong balls that are painted with numbers and carefully calibrated for size and weight. These balls are released into the machine and jets of air blow up through the chamber to mix them. To select a set of balls，the operator opens a valve that allows air out of the machine through a tube or a set of tubes near the top of the machine. Once the valve is open， balls are blown into the tube; they are then transferred through another clear tube into a display area for reading.PowerballSome states have joined together to run multi-state Powerball lotteries. Since so many people can play， they need a game with really large odds against winning. In this multi-state lottery game，the winner has to pick the correct five numbers from a set of 50 balls， and they have to pick the single correct number from a separate set of 36 balls. So the odds of picking the correct number in this game are： 36×（50/5×49/4×48/3×47/2×46/1）=76，275，360∶1. Your WinningsLet’s say you pick the right six numbers and win a ＄10 million jackpot. Somehow， you will not end up with about ＄10 million. For example，when you buy a New York Lotto ticket，you have to choose between a lump sum and a series of annual payments， and you can’t change your mind later.Annual PaymentsIf you chose a series of annual payments when you bought the ticket， what you are really going to win is a series of 26 yearly payments that add up to ＄10 million. You would receive the first payment for 2.5 percent of the total，or ＄250，000， two weeks after you submit the winning ticket. One year later，you would receive a check for 2.7 percent，or ＄270，000. Each year，the amount of the check goes up by a tenth of a percent—the last payment is for 5 percent，or ＄500，000.When a winner claims his prize，the New York Lottery asks seven different bond brokers to quote a package of bonds that will pay each of the 25 future yearly payments. They buy the bonds from the broker at the best price for the complete package. An investment bank holds the bonds，and each year when one matures，the funds are automatically placed in the New York Lottery’s cash account.The funds are transferred to the prize-payment account，and a check is written for the winner. Typically， the whole package of 25 bonds ends up costing the New York Lottery a little less than half of the jackpot amount. Lump Sum OptionHowever， most winners don’t opt for annual payments. About 80 percent of winners choose the lump sum option， which is usually about half of the jackpot amount. Since the New York Lottery has to pay a lump sum to buy bonds anyway，it is just as happy to give that same amount of money to the winner instead. It still goes through the process of getting quotations for the bonds，but instead of buying the bonds it pays the winner the amount the bonds would have cost. Most people take the lump sum because they figure that they can invest the money and do a little bit better than the approximate 5 percent interest that the bonds would earn.In any case,most U. S. lotteries take out 28 percent from the winnings to pay federal taxes. But，if your winnings were in the millions of dollars，you would be paying closer to 39.6 percent （the highest tax bracket）in federal taxes when tax time comes. Add state and local taxes，and you might end up withonly half of your winnings when you are done paying taxes. Thus，if you had opted for the lump sum prize in the ＄10 million lottery，the prize would be about ＄5 million. After federal and state taxes，you’d be left with about ＄2.5 million.注意：在实考中，此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。