高考阅读理解之主旨大意题(无答案)

高考阅读理解之主旨大意题

学习目标:

1.通过学习阅读策略，准确把握段落大意和篇章大意

2.通过阅读训练，提高阅读能力。

一．2020高考考纲对考生阅读理解能力的要求

要求考生能够读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能:

(1)理解主旨要义；

(2)理解文中具体信息；

(3)根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；

(4)做出判断和推理；

(5)理解文章的基本结构

(6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。

二．历年高考阅读理解考点分布

数据表明，在说明文、记叙文、议论文、应用文的阅读体裁中，其中，说明文占的比重最大，且细节理解题考查点最多。

三．阅读理解之主旨大意

1.主旨大意题常见的设题形式：

(1)The main idea/key point of this passage/...paragraph is that _____________.

(2)The passage is mainly about ________________.

(3)The ... paragraph is chiefly concerned with _______________.

(4)Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?

(5)Which of the following best states the theme of the passage?

2.解题步骤：

(1)先审题（找出关键词）

(2)再读文章（定位答案）

(3)进行选项比对

A.段落大意解题策略:

(1)比对选项：圈中心词；找侧重点

(2)找句间关系

(3)圈段落中心词

典例：（2019年全国ID篇）

Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.

33.What is the second paragraph mainly about？

A. The classification of the popular.

B. The characteristics of adolescents.

C. The importance of interpersonal skills.

D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.

解题思路: 先阅读题干确定为段落大意题，再进行选项比对，选项的共同点为A of B 意思

为B的A，段落圈关键词(重复率高的词)“popularity,popular”并且，根据段落结构，确定第二句话为段落主题句，即“Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers.”categories与选项A classification分类的同义词，故选A.

B.篇章主旨大意题解题策略：

1.辨别文体：practical writing应用文/narration记叙文/exposition说明文/argumentation议论文

2.篇章结构：总分式(总-分;分-总；总-分-总);并列式，递进式，对照式等

3.对比选项：常见干扰项的特点(似是而非，偷梁换柱，断章取义,夸大其词)

4.关注结构词:but, even worse, and, still, however, fortunately, unfortunately

5.关注标点符号（“：”用于对后面内容的介绍或解释，用于名单或引用之前；“；”用于分隔地位平等的独立子句）

6.找中心词（经常重复出现，或以同义词的形式出现）

7.找主题句

典例：(2020浙江卷C篇)

Today’s world is not an easy adjustment for young adults. A key skill set for success is persistence, characteristic that researchers say is heavily influenced by fathers. Researchers from Brigham Young University discovered that fathers are in a unique position to help their adolescent children learn persistence.