高等学校英语应用能力考试(A级)语法考点.ppt
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非谓语动词:
4) 做状语的非谓语动词的选择 做状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的选择,如:
① ______ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth.
A.having believed B.believing C.believed D.being believed
虚拟语气:
2. 原形虚拟: a. 表命令、决定、要求、建议等词语之后的that-分句中,
用动词原形。 suggest, demand, advise, propose, order, arrange, insist,
command, require, request, desire …… that +(should) do
最常考点:
➢ 非谓语动词 ➢ 虚拟语气 ➢ 名词性从句 ➢ 倒装句(部倒) ➢ 时态 ➢ 词形转换
非谓语动词:
1、非谓语动词考查特点
1) 谓语动词与非谓语动词的判断 对谓语动词与非谓语动词区别的考查主要集中在独立主格结 构,如:
All things __________ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.
② _______ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a master’s degree.
A.to become B.become C.one becomes D.on becoming
③ Realizing that he hadn’t enough money and ____ to borrow from his father, he decided to sell his watch.
A.not wanted B.no to want C.not wanting D.wanting not
④ ___ it or not, his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles. A.believe B.to believe C.believing D. believed
同学们只要掌握非谓语动词作定语的一般的规律,就可以判断① 题答案为C,②题答案为D。
非谓语动词:
3) 做定语的非谓语动词的选择 (2)对固定结构的考查,如: ① The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds ____
his arguments in favor of the new theory. A. to be based on B. to base on
虚拟语气:
3. 一些句型中的虚拟形式:
1. It’s (high, about, the first, etc.) time (that) …动词过去时… 例如 It’s time we left. 例如 It is time we went to bed.
2 would rather/sooner 宁愿
C. your delaying to make
D. you delay to make
② Had I remembered ____ the windows, the thief would not
have got in.
A. to close B. closing C. to have closed D .having closed
从以上各题来看,考查的侧重点有: (1)状语类别的判断 不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同,目的状语要求用不定式,如②。 (2)非谓语动词与句子属于之间的逻辑关系 根据主谓关系或动宾关系的不同来确定用现在分词还是用过去分词。 (3)非谓语动词的否定形式 not否定非谓语动词时置于非谓语动词之前,如③。 (4) 独立成分 有些非谓语动词的使用不受与主语关系的限制,称为独立成分,这类成 分只
例如 He suggested that we should leave early. My suggestion is that we should tell him.
b. It is (was) 形容词/名词that …… (should) do 例如 It is absolutely essential that all the facts be examined first.
记忆即可。如: generally speaking, judging from……, to tell the truth……, 等
虚拟语气:
一. 虚拟语气
1. if 句中虚拟形式 if 引导的非真实条件句(纯粹假设或发生的可能性不大):
条件 与现在相反 与将来相反 与过去相反
从句
主句
did (be were) would/ should/ might/ could do
as if/ though
好像
would rather/sooner 谓语用过去时 与现在或者将来相反
as if/ though
谓语用过去完成时 与过去相反
练习
1. I _______ try it again if I_______you.
A. will; am
B. should; am C. would; were D. would; had been
选C。表示与现在事实相反的假设(指现在的假设) (译文; 如果我是你我会再试一次)
2. If it _______ not for the water, the plants _______live.
A. were; would not B. is; could not C. were; could D. did; could not 选A。表示与现在事实相反的假设(指现在的假设)。(译文:要是没有水,植物就不能存活)
第一节 大学英语三级考试语法部分简介 一、大纲要求
大学英语三级考试大纲对语法的要求是:进一步加深和扩大中学学过的语法 知识,侧重其在阅读和翻译中的应用。 二、考查范围
三级语法考题的涉及面广。考试范围为《浙江省高等学校英语三级考试大纲》 所附结构表的内容。
在语法结构表中,详细列出了高等专科英语课程教学阶段需要进一步巩固
语法测试项目 复合句(主语从句、定语从句、状语从句) 虚拟语气 时态和语态 非谓语动词(分词、动名词、不定式) 一致关系 倒装句 形容词与副词 强调 名词和限定词 倍数 省略 情态动词 反意疑问句 代词 介词
所占比例 21% 8.3% 10.8% 23.3% 2.5% 6.7% 5.8% 2.5% 2.5% 1.7% 0.8% 2.5% 0.8% 5% 0.8%
加深的语法项目,主要涉及如下语法点:限定词、名词、形容词、副词、代 词、数词、介词、动词、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、一致关系、句子种类(简单 句、并列句和复合句)、强调句型、省略、倒装、构词法和标点等十七个方面。 本书逐一介绍各类试题的设计特点(题型)及解题技巧。
在大学英语三级考试中,虽然题目千变万化,但是万变不离其宗,只要仔 细分析,就会发现这些题目其实基本上都是时态、形容词与副词、名问、一 致关系和虚拟语气、非谓语动词、倒装句、复合句(连接手段)的各种变化形式。 本书在逐一介绍各类试题的设计特点(题型)及解题技巧的同时,还侧重对上述 几类语法变化形式在历届真题中的考点作详细分析。
B. competing
C.to be competed D.having competed
①题为不定式做定语的固定形式,答案为D,②题为某些特定名 词的定语结构,答案为A。在英语中有些名词,如动词变来的名 词,形容词变来的名词,以及means, way, time, moment, reason等要求其后用不定式做定语,不定式没有体的变化。
C. which to base on D.on which to base
② The pressure _____ causes Americans to be energetic,
but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain.
A.to compete
did (be were) would/ should/ might/ could do
had done would/ should/ might/ could have done
例句
If we left (leave) now, we should arrive in time. If they hadn’t gone on vacation, their house wouldn’t have been broken (break) into.
③ Your hair wants ___ . You’d better have it done tomorrow.
A. cut
B. to cut C. cutting D. being cut (1997.6)
这类题涉及三个方面:
谓语动词后应该接不定式还是动名词? 即可接不定式又可接动名词时,结构和意思上有何差别? 不定式与动名词用主动形式还是用被动形式?
语篇,包括一般性及应 多项选择、填空、
用性文字
简答、匹配
35%
40分钟
Ⅳ
英译 汉
61-65
句子和段落
多项选择、段落 翻译
20% 25分钟
写作
Ⅴ
/ 汉译
英
应用性文字(摘要、通 告、信函、简历表、申 请书、协议书等)翻译。
套写、书写、填 写或翻译
15% 25分钟
合 计
65+1
100%
120分 钟
英语A级语法大全:
高等学校英语应用能力考试(A级)语法考点
测试项目、内容、题型及时间分配表:
序 测试 号 项目
题号
测试内容
题型
百分 时间分
比
配
Ⅰ
听力 理解
1-15
对话、会话、短文
多项选择、填空、 简答
15%
15分钟
Ⅱ
语法 结构
16-35
句法结构、语法、词形 多项选择、填空、
变化
改错
15%
15分钟
Ⅲ
阅读 ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ解
36-60
A.accomplished
B.being accomplished
C.to be accomplished D.having been accomplished
②If I correct someone, I will do it with so much good humor and self-restraint as if I were the one ______. A.to correct B.correctingC.having been corrected D.being corrected
2) 谓语动词后不定式与动名词的选择
谓语动词后接不定式还是接动名词也是四级语法测试中的一个
题眼。如:
① I don’t mind ____ the decision as long as it is not too late.
A. you to delay making
B. you delaying making
3. If I _______ that chance to show my ability, I _______the president of this school.
A. had been canceled B. have been canceled
C. were canceled
D. having been canceled
四个选项中有三个是谓语动词,只有D是非谓语动词,只要同学们 能判断出这里是非谓语动词做状语,则不用考虑时态的问题,答案自明。
非谓语动词:
非谓语动词:
3) 做定语的非谓语动词的选择
从近几年的考查情况来看,对做定语的非谓语动词的考查有
两种情况:
(1)对一般概念的考查,而不是固定结构中的非谓语动词做定语。
如:
① The project ____ by the end of 2000, will expand the city’s
telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.