与森林相关的词汇及对照英文翻译
关于森林的英语单词
关于森林的英语单词Forests are a vital part of our planet, providing us with countless resources and playing a crucial role in maintaining the balance of biodiversity. In this document, we will explore some important English words related to forests and their ecological significance.1. Habitat: A habitat refers to the natural environmentin which a particular organism or species lives. Forests provide habitats for a wide variety of plants and animals, creating a complex ecosystem that supports biodiversity.2. Canopy: The canopy is the dense layer of branches and foliage formed by the tops of trees in a forest. It acts as a protective covering, shading the forest floor and regulating temperature and humidity levels.3. Flora: Flora refers to the plants and vegetation found in a specific region or habitat. Forests are home to diverse flora, including tall trees, shrubs, ferns, and various types of mosses and lichens.4. Fauna: Fauna, on the other hand, refers to the animal life found within a particular region. Forests support a rich fauna, ranging from large mammals like deer and bears to bird species, reptiles, and insects.5. Deforestation: Deforestation refers to the clearing or destruction of forests, often for agricultural purposes or to make way for human settlements. It poses a severe threat to the environment, leading to habitat loss, soil erosion, and a decrease in biodiversity.6. Reforestation: Reforestation is the process of replanting trees in areas where they have been cut down ordestroyed. It plays a vital role in restoring forest ecosystems, combating climate change, and protecting wildlife.7. Timber: Timber is the wood obtained from trees, often used for construction, furniture, and various other purposes. Sustainable timber harvesting is crucial to ensure the long-term health and conservation of forests.8. Ecosystem: An ecosystem refers to a community of organisms interacting with each other and their physical environment. Forests are complex ecosystems with interdependent relationships between plants, animals, and microorganisms.9. Conservation: Conservation involves the management and protection of natural resources to prevent their depletion or destruction. Forest conservation plays a significant role in preserving biodiversity, maintaining water cycles, and combating climate change.10. Biodiversity: Biodiversity refers to the variety oflife forms found in a particular ecosystem or on Earth as a whole. Forests are known for their high biodiversity, housing a wide range of plant and animal species, many of which are unique and endangered.In conclusion, forests are invaluable ecosystems that provide us with essential resources and support a richdiversity of life. Understanding and appreciating the English words related to forests can help us recognize the importance of conserving and protecting these vital habitats.。
森林保护专业词汇（中英对照）
森林保护专业词汇（中英对照）森林保护专业术语中英文对照abacterial 无菌的abdomen 腹部acaricide 杀螨剂acquired resistance 获得抗病性acquired susceptibility 获得感病性active ingredient 有效成分acute toxicity 急性毒性adult 成虫alkaloid 生物碱antennae 触角antibiotics 抗生素antibody 抗体antifeedant 拒食antigen 抗原aphid 蚜虫Bacillus thuringiensis，Bt 苏云金芽孢杆菌bactericides 杀细菌剂bioassay 生物测定biocontrol 生物防治biological control 生物防治biosynthesis 生物合成biotic pesticide 生物杀虫剂blast 枯萎病blight 枯萎病，疫病botanical pesticide 植物源杀虫剂broad spectrum pesticide 广谱杀虫剂carbohydrate 碳水化合物causal organism 病原生物chalcid 小蜂chlamydospore 厚垣孢子chlorothalonil (daconil) 百菌清Coleoptera 鞘翅目community 群落concentration 浓度,浓缩contact pesticide 触杀性农药derosal 多菌灵detoxification 脱毒development rate 发育速度development zero 发育起点diamondback moth 小菜蛾diapause 滞育disease-resistant cultivar 抗病品种disinfectant 消毒剂downy mildews 霜霉Economic Injury Level经济受害水平economic threshold 经济阈值ectoparasite 体外寄生物, 外寄生虫egg/ovum 卵emergence 羽化emigration 迁移，迁飞endoparasitic 内寄生的entomology 昆虫学entomophagous insect 食虫昆虫enzyme 酶epidemiology 流行病学epiphytotics 植物流行病的，植物流行病exotic species 外来的物种fatal temperature 致死温度fecundity 生殖力，产卵力feign death 假死femora 腿节fermentation 发酵formulation 剂型fumigant 熏剂fungicides 杀真菌剂genera 属genus 属(复数genera)herbicide 除草剂herbivore 草食动物herbivorous 植食性hibernate 越冬holotype 正模标本host 寄主host-specificity 寄主专一性Hymenoptera 膜翅目hyper-parasitoid 重寄生蜂hypersensitive 过敏的hypha 菌丝in vitro 体外in vivo 体内induced mutation 诱导突变infection cycle 侵染循环infective 可侵染的，有传染性的inhibition zone 抑菌圈insect sterile昆虫不育insecticide 杀虫剂instar 龄，龄期integrated pest management，IPM，有害生物综合防治interferon 干扰素interspecific competition 种间竞争introduced species. 引入种invasive species 侵入种less-persistent pesticide 低残留农药lethal dose 致死中量life history 生活史low-toxic pesticide 低毒性农药median lethal concentration (LD50)致死中浓度median lethal dosage (LD50)致死中量metabolite 代谢物microbial 微生物的，由细菌引起的mist spryer 喷雾器mite 螨mold 霉，霉菌molt 蜕皮monophagous 单食性的mortality 死亡率moulting hormone antagonist 抗蜕皮激素mycelium 菌丝体(复数mycelia)mycotoxin 真菌毒素native species 本地物种natural enemy天敌nematicide 杀线虫剂nicotine 烟碱non-contamination pesticide 无污染农药nontarget organism 非靶标生物nymph 若虫offspring 后代oligophagous 寡食性的omnivore 杂食者organic Agriculture 有机农业organic pesticide 有机农药organophosphorus pesticide 有机磷农药overwinter：越冬parasite 寄生虫，食客parasitism 寄生pathogen 病菌,病原体pathogenicity 病原性,致病性pathogens 病原体(物)pathology 病理学persistent pesticide 持久性农药;残留性农药pesticide residue 农药残留pesticide tolerances 耐药性pesticide 杀虫剂pest-resistant cultivar 抗虫品种petri dish 有盖培养皿pheromone 信息素，外激素phytocide 植物杀菌素phytohormone 植物生长素phytopathology 植物病理学phytotoxic植物性毒素的polyphagous 多食性的population density 种群密度，虫口密度potential host 潜在寄主predator 捕食者，肉食动物probe 探针proliferation 增殖pronotum 前胸背板protist 原生生物protoplast 原生质体pupa 蛹复数为pupaequarantine 检疫repellent 忌避剂，驱虫剂repellent 驱虫剂risk assessment 风险评估riskiest pesticide 高毒农药rodenticide 灭鼠剂secretion 分泌，分泌物(液) selected insecticides 选择性杀虫剂semiochemicals 化学信息素smut 黑粉病sporangium 孢子囊strains 菌株sublethal concentrations 亚致死浓度sublethal dose 亚致死中量symbiosis 共生关系symptomology 症状学target organism 靶标生物temperature summation 积温toxicity 毒性type specimen 模式标本ultrastructural 超微的vaccine 疫苗vector 介体virion 病毒粒子virus 病毒weed control 杂草控制wilt 萎蔫病winter spore 越冬孢子zoospore 游动孢子symptom 症状rot 腐烂dry rot 干腐wet rot 湿腐soft rot 软腐latent infection 潜伏侵染parasitic plant 寄生性种子植物infection process 侵染过程local infection 局部侵染systemic infection 系统侵染disease cycle 病害循环，又叫侵染循环（infection cycle）over wintering 越冬over summering 越夏primary infection 初侵染secondary infection 再侵染monoetic disease 单年流行病害polyetic disease 积年流行病害forecast 预测prediction 预报cultural control 农业防治antibiosis 抗菌作用。
林业词汇中英文
林业词汇中英文Company number：【0089WT-8898YT-W8CCB-BUUT-202108】林业词汇2009-5同龄林 forest consisting of even-aged stand (trans.)掠夺式经营 exploitation management；high grading间歇经营、间歇经营林；间歇作业 intermittent production；forest under intermittent management林分经营；林分管理 stand management；management on a stand basis立木蓄积、立木度 stocking (=d)更新作业法；作业法 silvicultural system稽核；照查 control永续林；恒续林 continuous cover forest永续林经营；永续林施业；恒续林施业 continuous cover forest management system单木作业；单采作业；单木施业 forest management by individual trees掠夺式伐采 exploitation划伐、伞伐混合作业；群状伞伐作业 shelterwood group system；group shelterwood system划伐作业；群状择伐作业 group selection system；group selection management经营林；施业林；生产林 managed forest营林监督 forest inspection森林经营计划；森林经营(学) forest management (>)；forest management planning(neol.) 森林法 forest act；forest ordinance；forest law营林监督 forest inspection森林条例；森林法令 forest ordinance林业政策；森林政策 forest policy林业；林学 forestry林业经济；林业经济学 forest economics高山林；山岳林；山地林 mountain forest大面积伞伐作业；大面积伞状天然下种法；广状伞伐更新法 uniform shelterwood system 小面积集团森林经营 group management乔林；用材林 high forest乔林作业 high forest system木材需求；木材需要 demand for wood木材供销；木材获得 timber supply木材生产 timber production；wood production原木分级；材种；原木检尺 timber assortment木材消费 wood consumption；timber consumption木材供给 wood procurement林产业；木材工业；木材加工业 timber industry；wood processing industry禁止皆伐 clear fell ban；prohibition of clear cutting皆伐作业(法) clearcutting system；crearfelling system地景经营；地景施业；景观施业 landscape management地景保护；景观保护 landscape protection阔叶树林 broadleaved forest；hardwood forest多目标(利用)林业 multiple-use management；multi-use management混交林；混合林；混生林 mixed woodland；mixed forest中林；矮林；萌芽林 coppice with standards中林作业；矮林保残作业法coppice with standards system；composite forest system；storied coppice system（UK）针叶树林 coniferous forest近天然经营林分；近自然经营之林分 near to nature forest；naturally managed forest 天然林；自然林；自生林 natural forest；indigenous forest矮林；萌芽林 coppice forest；sprout forest；low forest矮林择伐作业；择伐矮林作业 coppice selection system矮林作业；简单(单纯)矮林作业 simple coppice system正规林业；正规森林经营；合法的林业 regulated forest management人工林经营 plantation management择伐作业 selection system；single tree selection system择伐林 selection forest；plenter-wood环状划伐；带状划伐；带进孔状伞伐 strip-and-group felling (>)带状划伐；带进群状伞伐作业 strip-and-group felling system带状伐采作业 strip cutting system；strip felling system速生林作业 free growth management伞伐作业法 shelterwood method；shelterwood system异龄混交法；混合林；混交林 highly structured forests保残木作业；二段乔林作业；保残乔林作业 high forest with reserves (system)；high forest with standards（system）原始林；原生林 virgin forest蓄积保育 management of the growing stock森林 forest育林(学) ；造林；造林学 silviculture森林利用(学) forest utilization；forest utilisation森林生态系 forest ecosystem牧野经营；牧野管理；草原管理 pasture management；range management再造林义务 replant duty；legal obligation to replant作业级；事业区 working circle森林调查专家(员)；森林调查专业人员 forest inventory specialist森林经营计划之归纳及演绎计划法；森林经营(经理)之归纳及演绎法indicative and deductive forest management methods森林生长控制 control of forest growth (trans.)绩效检验 performance test永续林业；永续森林经营 sustainable forest management永续性；保续；永续 sustainablility永续作业；永续经营 sustained-yield management永续准则；永续基准 sustainability criteria永续经营调整；永续经营规整(调整) sustained yield regulation禁伐；禁伐令；禁止开发 preservation order；exploitation ban再生产 reproduction超伐；过伐 overcutting；overfelling伐采龄 felling age树龄，林龄 age龄阶；龄级区分 age gradation龄级结构；龄级分布；龄级构成 age calss distribution林木界限；树限；乔木界限 timber line；tree line林业经营单元(单位) management unit林缘；林分边界 stand edge；edge of a stand林分安全性(稳定性) stand stability经营安全性；低风险之森林经营；森林经营之风险回避(低危险) low-risk forest management财政轮伐期；理财的轮伐期 financial rotation面积加权平均林龄；森林之加权平均林龄 weighed average age of a forest(trans.) 伐采方向；伐木倒向 felling direction伐采周期；回归期；循环期 felling cycle；cutting cycle次序；优先级；顺序 order天然林演替相；天然林演替阶段；天然林之发育过程(阶段) development phases of (natural) forests森林经营计划期；计划期间；作业计划期 planning period；forest management period；working plan period择伐作业体系；择伐作业 forest selection system生产期；生产时间；生产性作业时间 production time；productive time林缘保护；林分边缘保护 edge protection空间次序；收获地域(地点)顺序 spatial order林缘(缘条)；境界 edge；border伐采顺序(序列) cutting sequence；felling sequence伐采顺序规划；伐采序列 cutting order；felling order伐采管理 harvest management伐采序列 felling series经营计划起始日；经营计划之开始日 starting date of a management plan (trans.)生态稳定性 ecological stability工艺轮伐期 technical rotation林衣；林套 forest mantle收获周期；回归年(期) harvesting cycle；cutting cycle轮伐期 rotation；rotation length最大材积收获轮伐期；材积收获最多之轮伐期 rotation of maximum volume production最大收益轮伐期；金钱总收益最高之轮伐期 rotation of maximum cash flow；maximum cash flow rotation最大土地净收益轮伐期；土地纯收益最高之轮伐期 rotation of maximum soil rent最大森林净收益轮伐期；森林纯收益最高之轮伐期 rotation of maximum income；rotation of the highest net income伐期龄；轮伐期 rotation age更新级 regeneration class更新期 regeneration interval；regeneration period预测 forecast；prognosis；prediction森林覆盖率；森林占有率；森林率 percent forest cover森林结构；森林构造 forest structure；forest composition森林界限；树木界限 forest boundary；forest limit抗风力；暴风抗力；耐风力；风阻力 windthrow resistance；wind resistance；wind firmness森林经营单元；森林经营单位 forest management unit经济伐期 economic maturity收获时序；收获次序 temporal order时间序列 time series时间序列分析；时序分析 time series analysis收获表 yield table理想立木度；法正蓄积；理想蓄积 normal stocking理想蓄积 growing stock；ideal standing volume地方收获表 local yield table材积收获 volumetric yield法正龄级分布 normal (ideal) age classdistribution法正蓄积 normal growing stock法正林；理想林；正规林 normal forest法正林模式；理想林模式 normal forest model；ideal forest model现实林 actual forest (trans.)材种别收获表；利用材积收获表 assortment yield table材种别收获表 assortment table法正计算上之裸地；理论上之无立木地；理论上之未立木地 theoretical clearfell area 林况 forest condition目标蓄积 target growing stock目标林 target forest（trans.）生长表 increment table间伐(疏伐)收获；中间收获 intermediate yield所有权型；财产归属 types of ownership土地利用型；土地利用分类 land-use classification地块；林分；土地区分 parcel；land parcel森林使用权 forest right；right of forest use；（forest privilege）森林企业；林业企业；森林事业体 forest enterprise森林所有权；森林地产 forest estate森林所有权分割；森林所有之分割 forest fragmentation；fragmentation of forest holdings 非生产林；保护林 non-productive forest (trans.)保安林 protected forest (=d)游憩地；森林游憩林；森林游乐林 recreational forest小面积林丛；灌丛；萌生(芽)林；矮林 copse教学林；展示林；实验林；试验林demonstration forest；instruction forest；training forest；university forest未经营林；未施业林 unmanaged forest森林公园 forest park；park forest保安林 protection forest森林保护法案；保安林之划定 forest protection act森林功能；森林机能；森林利用 forest use；forest land use；forset function森林功能分类；森林机能分类 forest land use class森林带；树林带 forest belt；woodland belt森林步道 forest nature trail；forest walk限制林；限制使用林 limited use forest (trans. )保存林；预备林 forest reserve；reserved forest防风林带；保护林带 shelterbelt；windbreak经济林；生产林 commercial forest；production forest森林公益功能；森林公益机能；森林社会效益(利益) social benefits of forests 林班 compartment；forest compartment林班界 compartment boundary林分 stand小班界；林分界 sub-compartment boundary；stand boundary防火带；防火线 fire break；fire line森林地域 forest area鉴界；境界补正；境界纠正 boundary correction；rectification of boundaries 林地 forest land非生产地；非林地；除地 non-productive forest land林区管理处 forest district苗圃 nursery；tree nursery；forest nursery林区；森林区 forest range；range保护带；保护林(树)带；缓冲带 protection belt；protection strip；buffer strip 调查单位；抽查单位 survey unit；inventory unit小班 sub-compartment准小班；造林地号；小班 stand绝对的森林土壤；限适森林的土壤 soil only suitable for forest (trans.)森林劣化、土壤劣化 forest degradation土壤的；土壤因素的 edaphic收获水平；生产水平 yield level方位；a坡向；斜面方向 aspect；direction of slope森林植物社会学 (forest ) plant sociology霜孔；易受霜害地 frost hollow倾斜角；坡度(降)；梯度 gradient自然度 naturalness潜在自然森林社会/植群；潜在自然植生 potential natural forest community地貌；起伏度 relief立地调查；生育地调查；地况调查；土地测绘 site survey；site mapping；site apparaisal；site apparaisement立地描述，生育地描述；土地描述；地况记载site description；destription of site 地位指数；土地指数；地位指标 site index立地因子，生育地因子 site factor立地型；生育地型；地位型 site type森林生物生态空间调查；森林小区测绘 forest biotope mapping森林土壤 forest soil森林区；森林地带 forest region森林社会；森林生态体系 forest community；forest association林型；森林型 forest type森林荒芜；森林破坏 forest destruction生长区；生长区域 growth region生长区域；生长范围；森林带 growth zone良木 cull；reject；cull wood尖削度；尖梢；梢杀 high taper林龄查定；林龄调查 age determination枝条材；枝材 branchwood枝条性 branchiness无节 knot-free尖削系数；尖削度；尖削指数 taper coefficient树木；乔木 tree树种 pecies；tree species树高 tree height树木形数 tree form factor树木材积 total tree volume树型级 tree class测树 mensuration林木材积式；干材积式 tree volume equation；volume equation；tariff number 胸高 breast height .)可利用材；成材；可利及费材(材积) merchantable timber volume可利用材积形数；材积形数 timber form factor肥大生长；直径生长 diamemter growth尖削；直径递减 taper直径级；直径阶 diameter calss直径生长(量)；肥大生长 diameter increment；diameter growth定期平均生长量 periodic average increment材积表 (uniform) tariff晋级生长 ingrowth精英树；菁英树；特优树 elite tree；champion tree剥皮 peeling；bark removal；debarking；barking去皮材积；收获实材积 cubic meter under bark (m3u. b.)收获损失 harvest loss；harvest waste连皮材积（fm）；含皮材积；实积立方公尺cubic meter over bark（.）形状高；树形高 form height；volume/basal area ratio；tree form height形状高生长；树形高生长 form height increment形率；形商；直径率 form quotient形数；形状系数 form factor (f)胸高断面积 basal area (b. a.)胸高断面积表；断面积表；圆面积表 table of basal areas；basal-area table；table of sectional areas树干解析 stem analysis树高生长 height growth年轮解析 analysis of annual rings；tree ring analysis年轮；生长轮 growth ring；annual ring轮尺 callipers；caliper直径测定 diamter measurement最小测量径级；测径界限；直径界限 minimum dbh (by inventory)树冠（林冠）结构；树冠构造 crown structrue树冠直径；冠径 crown width树冠级 crown class材积轮尺 volumetric callipers阔叶树 broadleaved tree；hardwood tree期间生长量；当年生长量 current increment连年生长量 current annual increment原木检尺；伐木检尺(测定) measurement of felled timber 常设标志；测标 measurement mark测定位置 measurement location中央直径 mid-diameter中央周围；中央圆周 mid-girth母树 mother tree针叶树 conifer；softwood tree定期生长量 periodic increment精英树；优型树；选留树 plus tree；selected tree暴长木；暴露木 wolf tree层积立方公尺 cubic meter stacked自记轮尺；电子轮尺 recording cal(l)iper(s)皮材率；树皮率 bark deduction；bark allowance；bark factor 树皮厚度计；树皮计；树皮测定器 bark gauge树干；干材；主干 stem；trunk；bole树干形质 stem quality树干级；树型级 stem quality class树干形数 stem form factor形状比 height-dbh ratio区分求积 volune measurement by sections原木分等；材种分等 log grading；grading of logs；grading of stems 树干；主干 stem树干长 stem length；timber length萌芽；萌条；萌糱 coppice shoot；stool shoot；sucker；sprout简化材积表 tariff保留木；保存木；保残木 reserving of standards胸高圆周长；胸高周围长 girth breast height (gbh)连皮圆周长；连皮周围长 girth over bark去皮圆周长；无皮周围长 girth under bark周围生长量；圆周生长量 girth increment可利用最小直径；最小利用直径 diameter limit活力；生长力 vitality每木调查 complete enumeration材积 timber volume材积收获 volume yield；volume production材积表 volume table；log rule材积生长(量) volume increment生长参数；测定要素 growth parameters；increment parameters生长率；成长率；生长速率 growth percent；increment percent价值成长 value increment树梢；梢 top生长活力；生长潜力 vigour生长形；生长型；生育型 growth form末端直径；末口直径；末径 top (end) diameter；small end diameter 主林木；主伐木；收获树 final crop tree；future tree；crop tree容许误差 allowance增长量；生长(量)；增量 increment生长锥 increment borer增长系数；生长率；生长系数 increment coefficient受压木；中庸木 intermediate tree株距；株距值 tree spacing平均年生长量；龄级平均增长量 mean annual increment树高生长曲线 height curve；height development curve；height age curve 人工新造林地；次生幼龄林 establishment算术平均树高 arithmetic mean height算术平均直径 arithmetic mean diameter人工幼龄林；人造幼龄林 pre-thicket母树林；选留木林分；特优母树林elite stand；selected stand；selected crop树种混淆；混淆 species mixture；mixture杆材木；老龄林 pole size timber树层；乔木层 tree layer立木株数；株数；立木数 number of stems建造期；成林期间 establishment period树冠被覆；林冠披覆 cover；crown cover；canopy cover林分密度 stand density林分发育；林分生育期(阶段) stand development；development of a stand林分形数 stand form factor林分胸高断面积；林分胸高断面积合计 stand basal area林内孔隙；林隙；林分未遮蔽率 clearing林分剖面；林分断面图 stand profile；cross-section of a stand林分结构；林分构造 stand structure；constitution of a stand；structure of a stand 蓄积结构；蓄积构造 growing stock structure立木度；林分密度指数 stand density index地位级；立地位级 site class可利用材积生长量；利用材积生长量 merchantable timber increment郁闭期；丛林；壮龄林 thicket断面积平均木直径 quadratic mean diameter；diameter of mean basal area tree断面积中央木直径；中央断面积直径 median dbh40%百分位胸径；40%规则的平均胸径 mean dbh according to the 40% rule直径分布 diameter distribution平均总生长量；总平均生长量 mean gross increment标准树高曲线 standard height curve单层林 single-storied stand冰霜害 ice damage主伐林分；主伐木；主伐收获 final crop暂植木；补植木 filler总收获材积 total volume；total yield郁闭林分；最大蓄积林分 fully stocked stand同龄林；同龄林分 even-aged stand均质林分；一齐林；均匀林分；同形林；同质林 uniform stand树群；群 group；group of trees伐期平均生长量 final mean annual increment；average yield class主要树种 main tree species主林分；主林木；主伐木 main crop；principal crop；main stand；principal stand优势木 dominant crop次要树种；副树种；补助的混交树种；经济价值少的树种 nurse species；auxiliary species；accessory species断面积平均木树高 height of mean basal area tree；mean height断面积中央木树高 median height40%百分位树高；40%规则的树高 height according to the 40% rule树高曲线 height curve；diameter-height curve林分水平结构；林分水平构造 horizontal stand structure团；灌木；树丛 see“ group”未成熟材；未熟材 juvenile wood幼龄生长；幼龄林；丛状林 thicket每木调查表；调查表；检尺簿；野帐；明细表 tally sheet；measurement list 胸高断面积平均木；断面积平均木 mean basal area tree冠层；林冠；树冠 canopy树冠竞争；树冠竞合 crown competition树冠层；林冠层 crown layer树冠郁闭度；林冠密度 crown closure；crown cover灌丛；树形不良林分；矮林；灌木林 scrub (stand)连年总平均年生长量；连年生长量 total mean increment复层林 multi-storied stand混合(交)树种 associated species林分平均胸高直径；林木平均直径 mean diameter；average diameter林分平均树高 average height；stand height平均树高 Lorey's mean height中央木；平均木 mean tree天然修枝；天然落枝；自行修枝 natural pruning；self pruning次要树种；副树种；从属种 secondary species；subordinates pecies附属林分 secondary crop上层树高；上木高度 top height；height of dominant trees强势木生产力；生产力指数；地位指数 productivity index上层 overstor(e)y；uppermost layer；upper stor(e)y上层木 overwood；upper crop先驱树种 pioneer species；pioneer形质生长(量) quality increment；increase in quality成熟林 mature stand纯林 pure stand；pure crop采运损伤；出材损伤 extraction damage采种林；母树林 seed stand；parent stand损害；疵伤；损伤 defect；damage树(林)冠疏密度 canopy density雪害 snow damage株距；干距 tree spacing；spacing(between trees)；espacement立木位置图；直径分布；胸径分布；树干分布；林木分布 dbh distribution 立地稳定性；立地强度 stability of stand中龄林；杆材；小径木(林) pole stage；pole crop风害 wind damage；storm damage枯死木 dead trees小群 see group过熟林分；老龄过熟林分(木) overmature stand异龄林 uneven-aged stand不规则林；不整齐林 irregular stand下层林；下层植生；下木 understor(e)y；underwood；undergrowth 留存木；主林木 main crop after thinning；residual stand试验地；试验区；试区 experimental site；experimental area林分垂直结构；林分垂直构造 vertical stand structure主要树种 main species；principal species立木蓄积；林木蓄积 growing stock生长函数 growth function指标林分 index stand；indicator stand；control stand兽害；鹿伤害；动物危害 tree damage caused by forest fauna (trans.) 林分成长龄级；林分成长级数；自然的龄级 stand development class 生长空间；生育空间 growing sapce中央木平均生长；增长量中央木；平均生长木 mean growth tree 生长率；增长百分比；成长率 increment percent；growth percent二层林；二段林 two-storied取样率 sampling intensity；sampling fraction；sampling rate必要样本数；最少样本数 required sample size调查；定期抽样调查 inventory遥测；遥感探测 remote sensing定期调查；追踪调查 periodic inventory集团取样法 cluster sampling分层取样；分层取出之样本 stratified sample概估；粗略估计 rough estimate；raw estimate断面积调整；断面积规整 basal area regulation测高器 height meter测树学 mensuration；dendrometry森林调查；森林清查 inventory；forest inventory；forest survey森林调查设计 inventory design森林调查方法；森林清查方法 inventory method水平样线法（直线样品） line-plot survey；line-plot；strip survey列表样品；3P样品；列表取样 list sampling航空照片判释 aerial photo interpretation空中摄影测量 aerial photo (graphic) survey；aerial photo（graphic）inventory；aerial survey空中三角测量 aerial photo triangulation材积调查；蓄积推定 volume determination；（standing）timber determination；growing stock determination数理统计学的样本分析 statistical analysis of inventory data目视估计立木材积volume estimation by sight；ocular volume estimation正射投影图(照片)；正射图 orthophoto (graph)定期调查；多相取样法 multiphase sampling永久样区；连续森林调查法 continuous forest inventory with permanent samples样区；标准地 sample plot样区调查法 inventory by sample plots机率比例取样法 proportional sampling；probability proportional to size（pps）林分断面积调查仪；林分面积调查仪 (relascope) relascope；relascop测高法；形数测高法 Pressler's method of height determination林分株数调查 enumeration；tally样本 sample圆形样区法 sampling using a range of fixed radius plots固定面积样区法；样本地法 fixed area sampling变动面积样区法；变动样区法；可变半径样区法 sampling using variable radius plots 取样；抽样 sampling取样单元；抽样单位；取样单位 sampling unit取样误差；样本误差 sampling error取样法；取样调查法 sampling methods取样数 sample number； sample size；size of a sample样本分布 sampling unit distribution分层；层次 stratification层；层聚 stratum / strata系统取样；系统抽样法 systematic sampling系统误差 systematic error林分特性估测 stand estimation；estimation of stand characteristics估测法 appraisal method连续森林调查的临时样本；连续的森林调查；变换样本的暂时样本 continuous forest inventory with changing samples (trans.)材积计算 volume calculation；volume measurement先驱调查；预备调查 pilot survey；pilot inventory蓄积调查 inventory of growing stock永久样区森林调查；连续森林调查 continuous forest inventory生长量研究(试验)；生长量调查 increment study经营记帐单位；经营计划单位；记帐单位 management planning unit伐采量；伐采收获 felling volume；felling yield生产材明细表；生产材目录；堆积材明细表 product summary (trans.)年伐量 annual cut；annual yield执行稽核；实行照查(稽核) control of prescriptions森林绩效检定；稽核簿；经营簿(监控) control of forest development（trans.）经营簿；作业稽核；稽核簿 control of operation；work tracking木材生产稽核；照查；稽核 control of forest production（trans.）经营计划检订；施业计划检订 management plan revision；working plan revision检尺 timber scaling；scaling of felled timber经营计划的执行 plan of operations森林稽查；森林踏查 forest inspectorate经营计划期中检订；施业计划期中检定 management plan revision经营计划；森林经理计划 operational (forest) planning经营目标；施业目的；经营目的 management objective经营目标类型；施业(经营)目的 type of management objective经营计划手册；经营规定(指令)；计划手册 management prescriptions；management instructions；management requlations土地纯益论；土地纯收益说 theory of soil rent林分经营计划；森林经营细部计划；林分经营计划 stand management planning总收获量 total yield坑木 minig timber；pit wood主分类、木材主要等级 main assortment；main category副产物 accessory product；by-product；minor product；minor produce 操作性的 operational抚育目标；保育目的 tending objective森林经营中期计划 forest management planning生产目标(目的) production target原木；圆木 round timber；round wood制材原木(圆木)；用材 sawlog大径木；制材用材 sawlog stage作业类转换；林相改良；作业种转换(变更) conversion林相变更；作业转换(变更) transformation更新目标(目的) regeneration target生长加速；生长(率)增加 growth acceleration；increase in growth育林目标 silvicultural objective；silvicultural goal森林纯利论；森林纯利理论(说) theory of forest rent(al)林经营，森林管理 management森林经营目标(目的) forest management objective；management objective 目标直径（理想直径） target diameter目标函数 objective function生长加速；生长量增加 increase in growth rate林型 stand type；crop type土壤改良 soil improvement生产计划 production planning；planning of production造林；植林 afforestation；forestation补植 filling in；beating up；reinforcement planting；filling of blanks树种更替；树种变换(更) change of species；transformation林分建造；造林、育林 establishment (of a stand)；stand establishment；crop establishment 裸露地；未立木地；无立地木；空林地 clearing；unstocked area土壤翻松；搅土；翻松；松土 scarification补植林(在过去未植林地)；补充造林；替代造林 compensatory planting造林失败地；无立木地 blank；failure森林植物；森林苗木 forest plants；planting stock群状栽植；群状造林；块植 group planting；block planting产地证明(书)；产地认证 certificate of origin人工更新 artificial regeneration造林计划；栽植计划planting plan；afforestation plan；establishment plan果实 mast补植 replacement planting种苗认证；种子认证；植物认证；种子保证单 certification of plants；certification of seed；certification of planting造林；栽植 plantation栽植距离；栽植间隔；植树间隔 planting sapce；planting distance；spacing of plants；espacement择伐更新 regeneration in the selection system纯林；单一栽培 monoculture伐区；作业现场 cutting area；felling area；logging area；logging site整地；生育地整治 site preparation；clearing of the felling area；site clearing休闲期 reforestation interval林下栽植；树下栽植；下木栽植 understor(e)y management更新 regeneration全面整地；全部耕耘 complete cultivation；full cultivation上层保护更新；老林分造林；早期更新林分 advance planting更新前期作业；前更新作业 advance regeneration；advance reproduction森林更新 forest renewal混农林业 agroforestry；agro-forestry修枝；打枝；人工修枝 pruning；artificial pruning抚育间伐；上层间伐 selective thinning林分疏开 opening-up of a stand林分抚育；抚育；保育；育林 stand tending间伐；疏伐 thinning间伐类型；间伐方式；疏伐型；疏伐法 thinning type；type of thinning；thinning method间伐收获；（疏伐收获） thining yield间伐强度；疏伐强度；间伐率；疏伐率 thinning intensity间伐频度；疏伐频率 thinning frequency间伐间隔；间伐周期；疏伐间隔；疏伐周期 thinning cycle；thinning interval上层间伐；上层疏伐 thinning from above；high thinning幼龄林抚育 tending during the prethicket and thicket stages (trans.)冠层疏伐；上层疏伐 crown thinning造林抚育 tending during the establishment stage (trans.)除伐 cleaning受光伐；受光疏伐；保育间伐 increment thinning；accretion thinning树种混合率调节 control of mixture自然淘汰 natural selection下层间伐；下层疏伐 thinning from below；low thinning抚育伐；整理伐；除伐 improvement felling；improvement cutting抚育作业周期 cycle of tending operations暴长木伐采；上木伐；自由伐；独立伐felling of wolf trees；liberation felling；liberation cut清理伐；除伐 cleaning间伐；前利用；中间利用 intermediate felling；intermediate前利用量；中间利用量；间伐收获 intermediate yield商业间伐；经济间伐；利用间伐 commercial thinning主伐收获；伐期收获 final yield；yield of final crop主伐面积；伐采面积 felling area伐采木标示；林木记号 tree marking；timber marking非正常伐采利用；临时伐采 extraordinary felling；extraordinary harvest采木标示；伐采木(林木)标印；标记 tree marking；timber making伐采 to fell伐采量；收获量 harvest volume终伐；主伐 preparatory felling；preparatory cutting；advance felling收获费用；伐采费；伐出费 harvesting costs倒向；伐倒方向 felling direction；direction of fall伐采季节 felling season；cutting season划伐；渐行伞伐；更新伐 progressive shelterwood felling面积式伐采；伐区式皆伐 area-wise felling疏开伐；离伐；自由伐 severance felling群状(孔状)伞伐；孔状(群状)天然下种(更新)法 group shelterwood；group shelterwood system成熟伐采；成熟的；可伐采的 exploitable；mature伐采 harvest felling伐期龄；砍伐适龄；轮伐期 felling age；exploitation age；rotation age伐采界面；伐采前面；伐采剖面 felling face；felling front木材收获；木材采运；伐运；伐木集运材 timber harvest；timber harvesting皆伐；后伐 clearfell皆伐迹地；皆伐面积 clearcut area；clearfell area楔形伞伐(作业) shelterwood wedge system；wedge system受光伐 overhead release felling利用；林产物利用 utilisation；utilization伐采方法；利用种类；伐采种类；伐采法；开发方式 exploitation method；harvest method利用率；收获率 harvest percent择伐 selection cutting；selection felling群状划伐；孔状(群状)画伐 group advancement felling终伐；清理伐；主伐 final cutting；final felling开垦 deforestation；forest clearing下种伐 seed cutting；seed felling；seeding cutting；seeding felling 带状伐采 strip felling；strip cutting带状伞伐 shelterwood-strip felling带状伐区；带状伐采迹地；带状伐采地(区) strip felled area 伞伐 shelterwood felling；shelterwood cutting选伐；等级伐采；选优伐采 selective cutting；selective felling 更新伐 regeneration cutting；regeneration felling预备伐 preparatory cutting临时伐采；偶然伐采；强迫伐采 unregulated felling龄级法 yield regultaion by age classes(trans.)补偿期；平衡期；改良期 regulation period更新面积 regeneration area主伐收获；主伐收获量 final yield标准伐采面积；标准保续伐采面积 yield regulation by area 全体(整体)计划；整体计划 intergrated planning总收获 total yield标准伐采量；保续伐采量或计划伐采量 prescribd yield伐采基准计算法；标准伐采计算法 yield determination methods收获查定 yield estimation；yield determination；assessment of yield预备林 forest reserves；timber reserves永续收获；永续生产 sustained yield法正蓄积法 volume and increment control method利用率法 yield determination using harvest percent.收获规正(整) Yield regulation分期；经营(周)期 e period分期面积 periodic block预备林设定(置) creation of volume reserve (trans.)直径级归整收获规正；径级法yield regulation by diameter classes（trans.）固定预备林 Fixing reserve； standing reserve移动预备林 Flowing reserve； mobile reserve间伐收获；中间(间伐)收获 intermediate felling yield林道 forest road；haul road林区；事业分区；作业区 block直接运出 direct haulage集水区；流域 catchment area土砂路；土路 earth road; unpaved road；dirt road林道网；林道系统forest road network; forest road system；road network森林土地利用计划 forest land use planning贮木；贮材 timber storage运材 timber transport；wood transport装材场；土场；贮木场 loading area；log yard集材场；装卸场；土场 landing集材距离；搬出距离 extraction distance集材路；搬运(出)路；集材线 extraction rack(road)；skid road集材；搬出 extraction架线集材；钢索集材 cable logging；cable extraction索道；架空线；架线法 skyline system架空线式；集材机集材；架空线集材 cable system；yarder cable way运材距离 transport distance；hauling distance伐倒木 timber felled, but not extracted（trans.）林道计划 forest road contruction plan；roading plan林木期望价；林分期望价 stand expectation value立木价；林木价；林分价值 stand value；value of a stand林木评价；林分评价 stand valuation土地评价；土壤调查 land appraisal土地期望价；林地价 soil expectation value地价 land value地租；土地年金 soil rent; soil rental ; annual equivalent立木价 standing timber value；value standing主伐收入financial returns from final cutting；financial returns from clear felling 间伐收入；疏伐(间伐)收入；经济间伐收获 financial returns from thinnings 森林资本；森林资产 forest capital金钱收获；货币收获 monetary value; financial value立木价格 stumpage；standing timber price森林课税；森林税制 forest taxation森林收益性 forest profitability；profitability of forestry森林租金；森林纯收益 forest rent (al)；forest returns森林资产；森林价 Waldwert forest assets森林评价法(学) forest valuation；forest appraisal重置价值 replacement value后价 future value龄级分配(表) age class distribution森林簿；林分（记录）簿；森林调查簿 stand description; crop description; stand assessment森林簿 stand record林班沿革簿；林分沿革表 history of stand森林经营调查报告；森林经营计划 forest mnagement plan收获规整(正)；收获控制或管制 cutting control; felling control财务计划；资金计划 financial plan林地(分)登录 stand register伐木(采)计划 cutting plan; felling plan; harvest plan索引；标记；标号；指标值 indicators造林计划 plan of silvicultral operations施业簿；稽核簿 management records;control book林相图；基本图 stand map。
林业词汇中英文
林业词汇中英文 Young people should work hard and live a good life.林业词汇2009-5同龄林 forest consisting of even-aged stand trans.掠夺式经营 exploitation management；high grading间歇经营、间歇经营林；间歇作业 intermittent production；forest under intermittent management林分经营；林分管理 stand management；management on a stand basis立木蓄积、立木度 stocking =d更新作业法；作业法 silvicultural system稽核；照查 control永续林；恒续林 continuous cover forest永续林经营；永续林施业；恒续林施业 continuous cover forest management system单木作业；单采作业；单木施业 forest management by individual trees掠夺式伐采 exploitation划伐、伞伐混合作业；群状伞伐作业 shelterwood group system；group shelterwood system划伐作业；群状择伐作业 group selection system；group selection management经营林；施业林；生产林 managed forest营林监督 forest inspection森林经营计划；森林经营学 forest management >；forest management planningneol.森林法 forest act；forest ordinance；forest law营林监督 forest inspection森林条例；森林法令 forest ordinance林业政策；森林政策 forest policy林业；林学 forestry林业经济；林业经济学 forest economics高山林；山岳林；山地林 mountain forest大面积伞伐作业；大面积伞状天然下种法；广状伞伐更新法 uniform shelterwood system 小面积集团森林经营 group management乔林；用材林 high forest乔林作业 high forest system木材需求；木材需要 demand for wood木材供销；木材获得 timber supply木材生产 timber production；wood production原木分级；材种；原木检尺 timber assortment木材消费 wood consumption；timber consumption木材供给 wood procurement林产业；木材工业；木材加工业 timber industry；wood processing industry禁止皆伐 clear fell ban；prohibition of clear cutting皆伐作业法 clearcutting system；crearfelling system地景经营；地景施业；景观施业 landscape management地景保护；景观保护 landscape protection阔叶树林 broadleaved forest；hardwood forest多目标利用林业 multiple-use management；multi-use management混交林；混合林；混生林 mixed woodland；mixed forest中林；矮林；萌芽林 coppice with standards中林作业；矮林保残作业法coppice with standards system；composite forest system；storied coppice systemUK针叶树林 coniferous forest近天然经营林分；近自然经营之林分 near to nature forest；naturally managed forest 天然林；自然林；自生林 natural forest；indigenous forest矮林；萌芽林 coppice forest；sprout forest；low forest矮林择伐作业；择伐矮林作业 coppice selection system矮林作业；简单单纯矮林作业 simple coppice system正规林业；正规森林经营；合法的林业 regulated forest management人工林经营 plantation management择伐作业 selection system；single tree selection system择伐林 selection forest；plenter-wood环状划伐；带状划伐；带进孔状伞伐 strip-and-group felling >带状划伐；带进群状伞伐作业 strip-and-group felling system带状伐采作业 strip cutting system；strip felling system速生林作业 free growth management伞伐作业法 shelterwood method；shelterwood system异龄混交法；混合林；混交林 highly structured forests保残木作业；二段乔林作业；保残乔林作业 high forest with reserves system；high forest with standardssystem原始林；原生林 virgin forest蓄积保育 management of the growing stock森林 forest育林学；造林；造林学 silviculture森林利用学 forest utilization；forest utilisation森林生态系 forest ecosystem牧野经营；牧野管理；草原管理 pasture management；range management再造林义务 replant duty；legal obligation to replant作业级；事业区 working circle森林调查专家员；森林调查专业人员 forest inventory specialist森林经营计划之归纳及演绎计划法；森林经营经理之归纳及演绎法indicative and deductive forest management methods森林生长控制 control of forest growth trans.绩效检验 performance test永续林业；永续森林经营 sustainable forest management永续性；保续；永续 sustainablility永续作业；永续经营 sustained-yield management永续准则；永续基准 sustainability criteria永续经营调整；永续经营规整调整 sustained yield regulation禁伐；禁伐令；禁止开发 preservation order；exploitation ban再生产 reproduction超伐；过伐 overcutting；overfelling伐采龄 felling age树龄,林龄 age龄阶；龄级区分 age gradation龄级结构；龄级分布；龄级构成 age calss distribution林木界限；树限；乔木界限 timber line；tree line林业经营单元单位 management unit林缘；林分边界 stand edge；edge of a stand林分安全性稳定性 stand stability经营安全性；低风险之森林经营；森林经营之风险回避低危险 low-risk forest management财政轮伐期；理财的轮伐期 financial rotation面积加权平均林龄；森林之加权平均林龄 weighed average age of a foresttrans.伐采方向；伐木倒向 felling direction伐采周期；回归期；循环期 felling cycle；cutting cycle次序；优先级；顺序 order天然林演替相；天然林演替阶段；天然林之发育过程阶段 development phases of natural forests森林经营计划期；计划期间；作业计划期 planning period；forest management period；working plan period择伐作业体系；择伐作业 forest selection system生产期；生产时间；生产性作业时间 production time；productive time林缘保护；林分边缘保护 edge protection空间次序；收获地域地点顺序 spatial order林缘缘条；境界 edge；border伐采顺序序列 cutting sequence；felling sequence伐采顺序规划；伐采序列 cutting order；felling order伐采管理 harvest management伐采序列 felling series经营计划起始日；经营计划之开始日 starting date of a management plan trans.生态稳定性 ecological stability工艺轮伐期 technical rotation林衣；林套 forest mantle收获周期；回归年期 harvesting cycle；cutting cycle轮伐期 rotation；rotation length最大材积收获轮伐期；材积收获最多之轮伐期 rotation of maximum volume production最大收益轮伐期；金钱总收益最高之轮伐期 rotation of maximum cash flow；maximum cash flow rotation最大土地净收益轮伐期；土地纯收益最高之轮伐期 rotation of maximum soil rent最大森林净收益轮伐期；森林纯收益最高之轮伐期 rotation of maximum income；rotation of the highest net income伐期龄；轮伐期 rotation age更新级 regeneration class更新期 regeneration interval；regeneration period预测 forecast；prognosis；prediction森林覆盖率；森林占有率；森林率 percent forest cover森林结构；森林构造 forest structure；forest composition森林界限；树木界限 forest boundary；forest limit抗风力；暴风抗力；耐风力；风阻力 windthrow resistance；wind resistance；wind firmness森林经营单元；森林经营单位 forest management unit经济伐期 economic maturity收获时序；收获次序 temporal order时间序列 time series时间序列分析；时序分析 time series analysis收获表 yield table理想立木度；法正蓄积；理想蓄积 normal stocking理想蓄积 growing stock；ideal standing volume地方收获表 local yield table材积收获 volumetric yield法正龄级分布 normal ideal age classdistribution法正蓄积 normal growing stock法正林；理想林；正规林 normal forest法正林模式；理想林模式 normal forest model；ideal forest model现实林 actual forest trans.材种别收获表；利用材积收获表 assortment yield table材种别收获表 assortment table法正计算上之裸地；理论上之无立木地；理论上之未立木地 theoretical clearfell area 林况 forest condition目标蓄积 target growing stock目标林 target foresttrans.生长表 increment table间伐疏伐收获；中间收获 intermediate yield所有权型；财产归属 types of ownership土地利用型；土地利用分类 land-use classification地块；林分；土地区分 parcel；land parcel森林使用权 forest right；right of forest use；forest privilege森林企业；林业企业；森林事业体 forest enterprise森林所有权；森林地产 forest estate森林所有权分割；森林所有之分割 forest fragmentation；fragmentation of forest holdings 非生产林；保护林 non-productive forest trans.保安林 protected forest =d游憩地；森林游憩林；森林游乐林 recreational forest小面积林丛；灌丛；萌生芽林；矮林 copse教学林；展示林；实验林；试验林demonstration forest；instruction forest；training forest；university forest未经营林；未施业林 unmanaged forest森林公园 forest park；park forest保安林 protection forest森林保护法案；保安林之划定 forest protection act森林功能；森林机能；森林利用 forest use；forest land use；forset function森林功能分类；森林机能分类 forest land use class森林带；树林带 forest belt；woodland belt森林步道 forest nature trail；forest walk限制林；限制使用林 limited use forest trans.保存林；预备林 forest reserve；reserved forest防风林带；保护林带 shelterbelt；windbreak经济林；生产林 commercial forest；production forest森林公益功能；森林公益机能；森林社会效益利益 social benefits of forests林班 compartment；forest compartment林班界 compartment boundary林分 stand小班界；林分界 sub-compartment boundary；stand boundary防火带；防火线 fire break；fire line森林地域 forest area鉴界；境界补正；境界纠正 boundary correction；rectification of boundaries林地 forest land非生产地；非林地；除地 non-productive forest land林区管理处 forest district苗圃 nursery；tree nursery；forest nursery林区；森林区 forest range；range保护带；保护林树带；缓冲带 protection belt；protection strip；buffer strip调查单位；抽查单位 survey unit；inventory unit小班 sub-compartment准小班；造林地号；小班 stand绝对的森林土壤；限适森林的土壤 soil only suitable for forest trans.森林劣化、土壤劣化 forest degradation土壤的；土壤因素的 edaphic收获水平；生产水平 yield level方位；a坡向；斜面方向 aspect；direction of slope森林植物社会学 forest plant sociology霜孔；易受霜害地 frost hollow倾斜角；坡度降；梯度 gradient自然度 naturalness潜在自然森林社会/植群；潜在自然植生 potential natural forest community地貌；起伏度 relief立地调查；生育地调查；地况调查；土地测绘 site survey；site mapping；site apparaisal；site apparaisement立地描述,生育地描述；土地描述；地况记载site description；destription of site 地位指数；土地指数；地位指标 site index立地因子,生育地因子 site factor立地型；生育地型；地位型 site type森林生物生态空间调查；森林小区测绘 forest biotope mapping森林土壤 forest soil森林区；森林地带 forest region森林社会；森林生态体系 forest community；forest association林型；森林型 forest type森林荒芜；森林破坏 forest destruction生长区；生长区域 growth region生长区域；生长范围；森林带 growth zone良木 cull；reject；cull wood尖削度；尖梢；梢杀 high taper林龄查定；林龄调查 age determination枝条材；枝材 branchwood枝条性 branchiness无节 knot-free尖削系数；尖削度；尖削指数 taper coefficient树木；乔木 tree树种 pecies；tree species树高 tree height树木形数 tree form factor树木材积 total tree volume树型级 tree class测树 mensuration林木材积式；干材积式 tree volume equation；volume equation；tariff number胸高 breast height .可利用材；成材；可利及费材材积 merchantable timber volume可利用材积形数；材积形数 timber form factor肥大生长；直径生长 diamemter growth尖削；直径递减 taper直径级；直径阶 diameter calss直径生长量；肥大生长 diameter increment；diameter growth定期平均生长量 periodic average increment材积表 uniform tariff晋级生长 ingrowth精英树；菁英树；特优树 elite tree；champion tree剥皮 peeling；bark removal；debarking；barking去皮材积；收获实材积 cubic meter under bark m3u. b.收获损失 harvest loss；harvest waste连皮材积fm；含皮材积；实积立方公尺cubic meter over bark.形状高；树形高 form height；volume/basal area ratio；tree form height形状高生长；树形高生长 form height increment形率；形商；直径率 form quotient形数；形状系数 form factor f胸高断面积 basal area b. a.胸高断面积表；断面积表；圆面积表 table of basal areas；basal-area table；table of sectional areas树干解析 stem analysis树高生长 height growth年轮解析 analysis of annual rings；tree ring analysis年轮；生长轮 growth ring；annual ring轮尺 callipers；caliper直径测定 diamter measurement最小测量径级；测径界限；直径界限 minimum dbh by inventory 树冠 crown树冠林冠结构；树冠构造 crown structrue树冠直径；冠径 crown width树冠级 crown class材积轮尺 volumetric callipers阔叶树 broadleaved tree；hardwood tree期间生长量；当年生长量 current increment连年生长量 current annual increment原木检尺；伐木检尺测定 measurement of felled timber常设标志；测标 measurement mark测定位置 measurement location中央直径 mid-diameter中央周围；中央圆周 mid-girth母树 mother tree针叶树 conifer；softwood tree定期生长量 periodic increment精英树；优型树；选留树 plus tree；selected tree暴长木；暴露木 wolf tree层积立方公尺 cubic meter stacked自记轮尺；电子轮尺 recording callipers皮材率；树皮率 bark deduction；bark allowance；bark factor树皮厚度计；树皮计；树皮测定器 bark gauge原木 log树干；干材；主干 stem；trunk；bole树干形质 stem quality树干级；树型级 stem quality class树干形数 stem form factor形状比 height-dbh ratio区分求积 volune measurement by sections原木分等；材种分等 log grading；grading of logs；grading of stems 树干；主干 stem树干长 stem length；timber length萌芽；萌条；萌糱 coppice shoot；stool shoot；sucker；sprout简化材积表 tariff保留木；保存木；保残木 reserving of standards胸高圆周长；胸高周围长 girth breast height gbh连皮圆周长；连皮周围长 girth over bark去皮圆周长；无皮周围长 girth under bark周围生长量；圆周生长量 girth increment可利用最小直径；最小利用直径 diameter limit活力；生长力 vitality每木调查 complete enumeration材积 timber volume材积收获 volume yield；volume production材积表 volume table；log rule材积生长量 volume increment生长参数；测定要素 growth parameters；increment parameters生长率；成长率；生长速率 growth percent；increment percent价值成长 value increment树梢；梢 top生长活力；生长潜力 vigour生长形；生长型；生育型 growth form末端直径；末口直径；末径 top end diameter；small end diameter主林木；主伐木；收获树 final crop tree；future tree；crop tree容许误差 allowance增长量；生长量；增量 increment生长锥 increment borer增长系数；生长率；生长系数 increment coefficient受压木；中庸木 intermediate tree株距；株距值 tree spacing平均年生长量；龄级平均增长量 mean annual increment树高生长曲线 height curve；height development curve；height age curve人工新造林地；次生幼龄林 establishment算术平均树高 arithmetic mean height算术平均直径 arithmetic mean diameter人工幼龄林；人造幼龄林 pre-thicket母树林；选留木林分；特优母树林elite stand；selected stand；selected crop树种混淆；混淆 species mixture；mixture杆材木；老龄林 pole size timber树层；乔木层 tree layer立木株数；株数；立木数 number of stems建造期；成林期间 establishment period树冠被覆；林冠披覆 cover；crown cover；canopy cover林分密度 stand density林分发育；林分生育期阶段 stand development；development of a stand林分形数 stand form factor林分胸高断面积；林分胸高断面积合计 stand basal area林内孔隙；林隙；林分未遮蔽率 clearing林分剖面；林分断面图 stand profile；cross-section of a stand林分结构；林分构造 stand structure；constitution of a stand；structure of a stand 蓄积结构；蓄积构造 growing stock structure立木度；林分密度指数 stand density index地位级；立地位级 site class可利用材积生长量；利用材积生长量 merchantable timber increment郁闭期；丛林；壮龄林 thicket断面积平均木直径 quadratic mean diameter；diameter of mean basal area tree断面积中央木直径；中央断面积直径 median dbh40%百分位胸径；40%规则的平均胸径 mean dbh according to the 40% rule直径分布 diameter distribution平均总生长量；总平均生长量 mean gross increment标准树高曲线 standard height curve单层林 single-storied stand冰霜害 ice damage主伐林分；主伐木；主伐收获 final crop暂植木；补植木 filler总收获材积 total volume；total yield郁闭林分；最大蓄积林分 fully stocked stand同龄林；同龄林分 even-aged stand均质林分；一齐林；均匀林分；同形林；同质林 uniform stand树群；群 group；group of trees伐期平均生长量 final mean annual increment；average yield class主要树种 main tree species主林分；主林木；主伐木 main crop；principal crop；main stand；principal stand优势木 dominant crop次要树种；副树种；补助的混交树种；经济价值少的树种 nurse species；auxiliary species；accessory species断面积平均木树高 height of mean basal area tree；mean height断面积中央木树高 median height40%百分位树高；40%规则的树高 height according to the 40% rule树高曲线 height curve；diameter-height curve林分水平结构；林分水平构造 horizontal stand structure团；灌木；树丛 see“ group”未成熟材；未熟材 juvenile wood幼龄生长；幼龄林；丛状林 thicket每木调查表；调查表；检尺簿；野帐；明细表 tally sheet；measurement list胸高断面积平均木；断面积平均木 mean basal area tree冠层；林冠；树冠 canopy树冠竞争；树冠竞合 crown competition树冠层；林冠层 crown layer树冠郁闭度；林冠密度 crown closure；crown cover灌丛；树形不良林分；矮林；灌木林 scrub stand连年总平均年生长量；连年生长量 total mean increment复层林 multi-storied stand混合交树种 associated species林分平均胸高直径；林木平均直径 mean diameter；average diameter林分平均树高 average height；stand height平均树高 Lorey's mean height中央木；平均木 mean tree天然修枝；天然落枝；自行修枝 natural pruning；self pruning次要树种；副树种；从属种 secondary species；subordinates pecies附属林分 secondary crop上层树高；上木高度 top height；height of dominant trees强势木生产力；生产力指数；地位指数 productivity index上层 overstorey；uppermost layer；upper storey上层木 overwood；upper crop先驱树种 pioneer species；pioneer形质生长量 quality increment；increase in quality成熟林 mature stand纯林 pure stand；pure crop采运损伤；出材损伤 extraction damage采种林；母树林 seed stand；parent stand损害；疵伤；损伤 defect；damage树林冠疏密度 canopy density雪害 snow damage株距；干距 tree spacing；spacingbetween trees；espacement立木位置图；直径分布；胸径分布；树干分布；林木分布 dbh distribution 立地稳定性；立地强度 stability of stand中龄林；杆材；小径木林 pole stage；pole crop风害 wind damage；storm damage枯死木 dead trees小群 see group过熟林分；老龄过熟林分木 overmature stand异龄林 uneven-aged stand不规则林；不整齐林 irregular stand下层林；下层植生；下木 understorey；underwood；undergrowth留存木；主林木 main crop after thinning；residual stand试验地；试验区；试区 experimental site；experimental area林分垂直结构；林分垂直构造 vertical stand structure主要树种 main species；principal species立木蓄积；林木蓄积 growing stock生长函数 growth function指标林分 index stand；indicator stand；control stand兽害；鹿伤害；动物危害 tree damage caused by forest fauna trans.林分成长龄级；林分成长级数；自然的龄级 stand development class生长空间；生育空间 growing sapce中央木平均生长；增长量中央木；平均生长木 mean growth tree生长率；增长百分比；成长率 increment percent；growth percent二层林；二段林 two-storied取样率 sampling intensity；sampling fraction；sampling rate必要样本数；最少样本数 required sample size调查；定期抽样调查 inventory遥测；遥感探测 remote sensing定期调查；追踪调查 periodic inventory集团取样法 cluster sampling分层取样；分层取出之样本 stratified sample概估；粗略估计 rough estimate；raw estimate断面积调整；断面积规整 basal area regulation测高器 height meter测树学 mensuration；dendrometry森林调查；森林清查 inventory；forest inventory；forest survey森林调查设计 inventory design森林调查方法；森林清查方法 inventory method水平样线法直线样品 line-plot survey；line-plot；strip survey列表样品；3P样品；列表取样 list sampling航空照片判释 aerial photo interpretation空中摄影测量 aerial photo graphic survey；aerial photographicinventory；aerial survey 空中三角测量 aerial photo triangulation材积调查；蓄积推定 volume determination；standingtimber determination；growing stock determination数理统计学的样本分析 statistical analysis of inventory data目视估计立木材积volume estimation by sight；ocular volume estimation正射投影图照片；正射图 orthophoto graph定期调查；多相取样法 multiphase sampling永久样区；连续森林调查法 continuous forest inventory with permanent samples样区；标准地 sample plot样区调查法 inventory by sample plots机率比例取样法 proportional sampling；probability proportional to sizepps林分断面积调查仪；林分面积调查仪 relascope relascope；relascop测高法；形数测高法 Pressler's method of height determination林分株数调查 enumeration；tally样本 sample圆形样区法 sampling using a range of fixed radius plots固定面积样区法；样本地法 fixed area sampling变动面积样区法；变动样区法；可变半径样区法 sampling using variable radius plots取样；抽样 sampling取样单元；抽样单位；取样单位 sampling unit取样误差；样本误差 sampling error取样法；取样调查法 sampling methods取样数 sample number； sample size；size of a sample样本分布 sampling unit distribution分层；层次 stratification层；层聚 stratum / strata系统取样；系统抽样法 systematic sampling系统误差 systematic error林分特性估测 stand estimation；estimation of stand characteristics估测法 appraisal method连续森林调查的临时样本；连续的森林调查；变换样本的暂时样本 continuous forest inventory with changing samples trans.材积计算 volume calculation；volume measurement先驱调查；预备调查 pilot survey；pilot inventory蓄积调查 inventory of growing stock永久样区森林调查；连续森林调查 continuous forest inventory生长量研究试验；生长量调查 increment study经营记帐单位；经营计划单位；记帐单位 management planning unit伐采量；伐采收获 felling volume；felling yield生产材明细表；生产材目录；堆积材明细表 product summary trans.年伐量 annual cut；annual yield执行稽核；实行照查稽核 control of prescriptions森林绩效检定；稽核簿；经营簿监控 control of forest developmenttrans.经营簿；作业稽核；稽核簿 control of operation；work tracking木材生产稽核；照查；稽核 control of forest productiontrans.经营计划检订；施业计划检订 management plan revision；working plan revision检尺 timber scaling；scaling of felled timber经营计划的执行 plan of operations森林稽查；森林踏查 forest inspectorate经营计划期中检订；施业计划期中检定 management plan revision经营计划；森林经理计划 operational forest planning经营目标；施业目的；经营目的 management objective经营目标类型；施业经营目的 type of management objective经营计划手册；经营规定指令；计划手册 management prescriptions；management instructions；management requlations土地纯益论；土地纯收益说 theory of soil rent林分经营计划；森林经营细部计划；林分经营计划 stand management planning 总收获量 total yield坑木 minig timber；pit wood主分类、木材主要等级 main assortment；main category副产物 accessory product；by-product；minor product；minor produce操作性的 operational抚育目标；保育目的 tending objective森林经营中期计划 forest management planning生产目标目的 production target原木；圆木 round timber；round wood制材原木圆木；用材 sawlog大径木；制材用材 sawlog stage作业类转换；林相改良；作业种转换变更 conversion林相变更；作业转换变更 transformation更新目标目的 regeneration target生长加速；生长率增加 growth acceleration；increase in growth育林目标 silvicultural objective；silvicultural goal森林纯利论；森林纯利理论说 theory of forest rental林经营,森林管理 management森林经营目标目的 forest management objective；management objective目标直径理想直径 target diameter目标函数 objective function生长加速；生长量增加 increase in growth rate林型 stand type；crop type土壤改良 soil improvement生产计划 production planning；planning of production造林；植林 afforestation；forestation补植 filling in；beating up；reinforcement planting；filling of blanks树种更替；树种变换更 change of species；transformation林分建造；造林、育林 establishment of a stand；stand establishment；crop establishment 裸露地；未立木地；无立地木；空林地 clearing；unstocked area土壤翻松；搅土；翻松；松土 scarification补植林在过去未植林地；补充造林；替代造林 compensatory planting造林失败地；无立木地 blank；failure森林植物；森林苗木 forest plants；planting stock群状栽植；群状造林；块植 group planting；block planting产地证明书；产地认证 certificate of origin人工更新 artificial regeneration造林计划；栽植计划planting plan；afforestation plan；establishment plan果实 mast补植 replacement planting种苗认证；种子认证；植物认证；种子保证单 certification of plants；certification of seed；certification of planting造林；栽植 plantation栽植距离；栽植间隔；植树间隔 planting sapce；planting distance；spacing of plants；espacement择伐更新 regeneration in the selection system纯林；单一栽培 monoculture伐区；作业现场 cutting area；felling area；logging area；logging site整地；生育地整治 site preparation；clearing of the felling area；site clearing休闲期 reforestation interval林下栽植；树下栽植；下木栽植 understorey management更新 regeneration全面整地；全部耕耘 complete cultivation；full cultivation上层保护更新；老林分造林；早期更新林分 advance planting更新前期作业；前更新作业 advance regeneration；advance reproduction森林更新 forest renewal混农林业 agroforestry；agro-forestry修枝；打枝；人工修枝 pruning；artificial pruning抚育间伐；上层间伐 selective thinning林分疏开 opening-up of a stand林分抚育；抚育；保育；育林 stand tending间伐；疏伐 thinning间伐类型；间伐方式；疏伐型；疏伐法 thinning type；type of thinning；thinning method间伐收获；疏伐收获 thining yield间伐强度；疏伐强度；间伐率；疏伐率 thinning intensity间伐频度；疏伐频率 thinning frequency间伐间隔；间伐周期；疏伐间隔；疏伐周期 thinning cycle；thinning interval上层间伐；上层疏伐 thinning from above；high thinning幼龄林抚育 tending during the prethicket and thicket stages trans.冠层疏伐；上层疏伐 crown thinning造林抚育 tending during the establishment stage trans.除伐 cleaning受光伐；受光疏伐；保育间伐 increment thinning；accretion thinning树种混合率调节 control of mixture自然淘汰 natural selection下层间伐；下层疏伐 thinning from below；low thinning抚育伐；整理伐；除伐 improvement felling；improvement cutting抚育作业周期 cycle of tending operations暴长木伐采；上木伐；自由伐；独立伐felling of wolf trees；liberation felling；liberation cut清理伐；除伐 cleaning间伐；前利用；中间利用 intermediate felling；intermediate前利用量；中间利用量；间伐收获 intermediate yield商业间伐；经济间伐；利用间伐 commercial thinning主伐收获；伐期收获 final yield；yield of final crop主伐面积；伐采面积 felling area伐采木标示；林木记号 tree marking；timber marking非正常伐采利用；临时伐采 extraordinary felling；extraordinary harvest采木标示；伐采木林木标印；标记 tree marking；timber making伐采 to fell伐采量；收获量 harvest volume终伐；主伐 preparatory felling；preparatory cutting；advance felling收获费用；伐采费；伐出费 harvesting costs倒向；伐倒方向 felling direction；direction of fall伐采季节 felling season；cutting season划伐；渐行伞伐；更新伐 progressive shelterwood felling面积式伐采；伐区式皆伐 area-wise felling疏开伐；离伐；自由伐 severance felling群状孔状伞伐；孔状群状天然下种更新法 group shelterwood；group shelterwood system 成熟伐采；成熟的；可伐采的 exploitable；mature伐采 harvest felling伐期龄；砍伐适龄；轮伐期 felling age；exploitation age；rotation age伐采界面；伐采前面；伐采剖面 felling face；felling front木材收获；木材采运；伐运；伐木集运材 timber harvest；timber harvesting皆伐；后伐 clearfell皆伐迹地；皆伐面积 clearcut area；clearfell area楔形伞伐作业 shelterwood wedge system；wedge system受光伐 overhead release felling利用；林产物利用 utilisation；utilization伐采方法；利用种类；伐采种类；伐采法；开发方式 exploitation method；harvest method利用率；收获率 harvest percent择伐 selection cutting；selection felling群状划伐；孔状群状画伐 group advancement felling终伐；清理伐；主伐 final cutting；final felling开垦 deforestation；forest clearing下种伐 seed cutting；seed felling；seeding cutting；seeding felling带状伐采 strip felling；strip cutting带状伞伐 shelterwood-strip felling带状伐区；带状伐采迹地；带状伐采地区 strip felled area伞伐 shelterwood felling；shelterwood cutting选伐；等级伐采；选优伐采 selective cutting；selective felling 更新伐 regeneration cutting；regeneration felling预备伐 preparatory cutting临时伐采；偶然伐采；强迫伐采 unregulated felling龄级法 yield regultaion by age classestrans.补偿期；平衡期；改良期 regulation period更新面积 regeneration area主伐收获；主伐收获量 final yield标准伐采面积；标准保续伐采面积 yield regulation by area全体整体计划；整体计划 intergrated planning总收获 total yield标准伐采量；保续伐采量或计划伐采量 prescribd yield伐采基准计算法；标准伐采计算法 yield determination methods 收获查定 yield estimation；yield determination；assessment of yield预备林 forest reserves；timber reserves永续收获；永续生产 sustained yield法正蓄积法 volume and increment control method利用率法 yield determination using harvest percent.收获规正整 Yield regulation分期；经营周期 e period分期面积 periodic block预备林设定置 creation of volume reserve trans.直径级归整收获规正；径级法yield regulation by diameter classestrans. 固定预备林 Fixing reserve； standing reserve移动预备林 Flowing reserve； mobile reserve间伐收获；中间间伐收获 intermediate felling yield林道 forest road；haul road林区；事业分区；作业区 block直接运出 direct haulage集水区；流域 catchment area土砂路；土路 earth road; unpaved road；dirt road林道网；林道系统forest road network; forest road system；road network 森林土地利用计划 forest land use planning贮木；贮材 timber storage运材 timber transport；wood transport装材场；土场；贮木场 loading area；log yard集材场；装卸场；土场 landing集材距离；搬出距离 extraction distance集材路；搬运出路；集材线 extraction rackroad；skid road集材；搬出 extraction架线集材；钢索集材 cable logging；cable extraction索道；架空线；架线法 skyline system架空线式；集材机集材；架空线集材 cable system；yarder cable way运材距离 transport distance；hauling distance伐倒木 timber felled, but not extractedtrans.林道计划 forest road contruction plan；roading plan林木期望价；林分期望价 stand expectation value立木价；林木价；林分价值 stand value；value of a stand林木评价；林分评价 stand valuation土地评价；土壤调查 land appraisal土地期望价；林地价 soil expectation value地价 land value地租；土地年金 soil rent; soil rental ; annual equivalent立木价 standing timber value；value standing主伐收入financial returns from final cutting；financial returns from clear felling间伐收入；疏伐间伐收入；经济间伐收获 financial returns from thinnings森林资本；森林资产 forest capital金钱收获；货币收获 monetary value; financial value立木价格 stumpage；standing timber price森林课税；森林税制 forest taxation森林收益性 forest profitability；profitability of forestry森林租金；森林纯收益 forest rent al；forest returns森林资产；森林价 Waldwert forest assets森林评价法学 forest valuation；forest appraisal重置价值 replacement value后价 future value龄级分配表 age class distribution森林簿；林分记录簿；森林调查簿 stand description; crop description; stand assessment 森林簿 stand record林班沿革簿；林分沿革表 history of stand森林经营调查报告；森林经营计划 forest mnagement plan收获规整正；收获控制或管制 cutting control; felling control财务计划；资金计划 financial plan林地分登录 stand register伐木采计划 cutting plan; felling plan; harvest plan索引；标记；标号；指标值 indicators造林计划 plan of silvicultral operations施业簿；稽核簿 management records;control book林相图；基本图 stand map土壤图 soil map林区总览图 large-scale forest map trans.森林图集；林相图；森林图 forest map伐采计划图 harvest plan map; map of harvest operations。
关于森林的 u开头的单词 -回复
关于森林的u开头的单词-回复关于森林的U开头的单词在森林生态系统中，有许多以字母“U”开头的词汇与概念与之相关。
从森林中的动植物到自然现象和环境保护行动，这些单词涵盖了各个方面。
本文将一步一步回答关于森林的U开头单词。
1. Utopia（乌托邦）乌托邦是特指一种理想状态或完美世界的概念，通常被用来描述人们对森林和自然环境的幻想。
在乌托邦中，森林可以提供一切所需，包括食物、水源、栖息地和药物等。
然而，现实中的森林并非总是如此完美，往往面临许多威胁和挑战。
2. Understory（林下层）林下层是森林生态系统中高大树木的下方，矮小植物和灌木通常占据其中。
这一层次提供了栖息地和食物给许多动物种群，包括小型哺乳动物、昆虫以及鸟类。
林下层也对土壤保持和水循环起到重要作用。
3. Ultraviolet radiation（紫外线辐射）紫外线辐射是地球大气层外的太阳辐射的一部分。
在森林中，树木的叶片和树冠可以起到一定程度的过滤紫外线的作用，保护森林生物免受其危害。
然而，随着森林破坏和空气污染的加剧，紫外线辐射对森林生态系统的影响可能变得日益重要。
4. Unique species（独特物种）森林是地球上最丰富多样的生态系统之一，拥有许多独特的物种。
这些物种在某些方面具有独特的适应性或特征，它们在全球范围内只存在于特定的森林生境中。
保护这些独特物种对于保护生物多样性和维护生态平衡至关重要。
5. Urban forestry（城市林业）城市林业是指在城市环境中管理和保护树木和森林资源的实践和原则。
城市森林可以提供许多生态服务，包括空气净化、热岛效应调节和精神健康提升。
城市林业的发展需要综合考虑城市规划、土地管理和社区参与等因素。
6. Undercutting（开挖）开采是指在森林伐木过程中，通过砍伐树木的底部来减少树木的支撑力，使其向既定方向倒下。
使用劳动力或机械设备进行开挖可能会对环境造成破坏，如土壤侵蚀和生态系统中其他生物的生存威胁。
森林的高级英文叫法
森林的高级英文叫法
“森林”的高级英文叫法有：
1、Jungle：这个词通常用来描述热带雨林或茂密的森林。
2、Forest：这是最常见的英文单词，用于描述任何大型的森林。
3、Wilderness：这个词通常用于指那些没有被人类干扰的自然区域，强调它的野性。
4、Woodland：这个词通常用于描述那些树木密集的区域，但不一定是那种大型的森林。
5、Grove：这个词通常用于描述小型的森林或树木密集的区域。
6、Hedge：这个词在英国英语中常用，尤其是指那种围绕田地的树篱。
7、Copse：这个词在英国英语中常用，尤其是指小型的森林或树木密集的区域。
8、Thicket：这个词通常用于描述小型的、密集的树木或灌木丛。
9、Brushwood：这个词通常用于描述那些低矮的灌木和树木混合生长的区域。
10、Scrub：这个词在澳大利亚英语中常用，指小型、低矮的森林或灌木丛。
地理专业词汇英语翻译（45）
地理专业词汇英语翻译(45)forest vegetation 森林植物群forest with grass layer 多草森林forest zone 森林地带forestry 林学forestry remote sensing 林业遥感form 形状form factor 形状因素form of poluttants 污染物形态formaldehyde water pollution 甲醛水污染format 规格formation 地层formation class 群系纲formation group 群系组formation heat 形成热formic acid 甲酸formlines 地形线forsterite 镁橄榄石fort 要塞fortification 筑城fortified area 筑城地域forward intersection 前方交会fossil 化石fossil anomaly 古异常fossil coenosis 化石群fossil delta 古三角洲fossil droppings 粪化石fossil erosion surface 古侵蚀面fossil ice 化石冰fossil men 化石人fossil penenplain 古准平原fossil plant 植物化石fossil pollen 花粉化石fossil pteridophytes 化石蕨fossil soil 埋藏土壤fossil soil method 古土壤法fossil soils 古土壤fossil species 化石种fossilisation 化石化foul land 污秽地foul weather 坏天气foundering 陷落fountain spring 喷泉fourier spectrometer 傅里叶谱仪fourier transform hologram 傅里叶变换全息图fowl 家禽fraction 粒级fractional analysis 分组分析fractional crystallization 分离结晶fractional isotopic abudance 同位素丰度fractional precipitation 分级沉淀fractional separation 分级fractionation 分级fractionation factor 分离系数fractocumulus 碎积云fractonimbus 碎雨云fractostratus 碎层云fracture 断口;隙泉fracture cleavage 破劈理fracture zone 断裂带fragipan 脆磐fragment 碎片fragmental limestone 钙屑灰岩fragmental structure 碎屑状结构fragmental texture 碎屑结构fragmentary material 碎屑物质fragrant plant 香料植物frame 框架frame of image 像幅framework 框架francium 钫frazil 底冰frazil ice 片冰free air reduction 空间改化free ammonia 游离氨free atmosphere 自由大气层free atmosphere climate 自由大气层气候free balloon 自由气球free convection 自由对流free energy of activation 自由活化能free energy of formation 生成的自由能free enthalpy 自由焓free gas 游离气体free generalization 任意综合free ground water 自由地下水free hand profile map 随手剖面图free iron 游离铁free open textured sand 松砂free organic acids 游离有机酸free oxide 游离氧化物free radical 自由基free radical reaction 游离基反应free state 游离状态free valence 自由价free water 自由水freeze hole 冻结钻孔freeze up 冰冻期freezing 冰冻freezing fog 冻雾freezing hole 冻结钻孔freezing nuclei 冻结核freezing point 冰点french curves 曲线板freon 氟利昴frequency 频率frequency analysis 频率分析frequency class 频率级frequency curve 频率曲线frequency distribution 频率分布frequency estimate 频率估价frequency map 频率分布图frequency range 频率范围frequency spectrum 频率谱frequency stability 频率稳定性frequent irrigation 频繁灌溉fresh regolith 新鲜风化层fresh water 淡水fresh water lake 淡湖fresh water lake deposits 淡水湖沉积物fresh water marsh 淡水沼泽fresh water plankton 淡水浮游生物fresh water plant 淡水植物fresh water swamp 淡水沼泽freshly exposed surface 新暴露面friability 松散性friable iron pan 松散铁磐friable soil 松散土壤friction 摩擦friction breccia 擦碎角砾岩friction head loss 摩擦水头损失friction layer 摩擦层friction losses 摩擦水头fringe region 大气边缘层fringe woodland 长廊林fringing reef 裙礁front 锋front anomaly 前缘异常front elements 前缘元素front line of snowmelt 融雪前锋线front view 正视图frontal analysis 锋面分析frontal fog 锋面雾frontal moraine 前碛frontal precipitation 锋面降水frontal surface 锋面frontal thunderstorm 锋面雷暴frontal waves 锋面波frontal zone 锋带frontier 国境frontogenesis 锋生frontolysis 锋消frost 霜frost cracking 冻裂frost cracks 霜裂frost damages 霜冻损害frost free period 解冻期frost heaving 冻拔frost mound 冻丘frost pocket 霜穴frost protection 防霜frost shake 冻裂隙frost weathering 冰冻风化frostless period 解冻期froth 泡沫frozen rain 冻雨frozen soil 冻土fructification 结实fructose 果糖fruit 水果fruit bud 果芽fruit tree 果树fruticous desert 灌木荒漠full moon 满月full sheet 全页图full water capacity 最大持水量fuller's earth 酸性白土fulvic acid 富里酸fumaric acid 延胡酸fumarole 喷气孔fume 尘云function 函数function of fluroine 氟元素功能functional diagram 功能图functional group 官能团functioning 起酌fundamental color 知颜色fundamental point 基准点fungi 菌类fungicide 杀菌剂fungus 真菌。
森林英语词汇
1.国家绿化委员会the National Forestation Commission2.中国绿化基金会the Green China Fund3.大规模绿化intensive afforestation4.绿化区域（面积）afforested areas5.造林工程afforested project6.形成密林form thick forests7.两岸植树be treelined on the both banks8.林海 a sea of forests/forestry9.人均森林面积占有量the average coverage of forest for each person10.砍树木烧荒fell trees and burn grass11.铲草皮烧火sod shoveling for fuel12.树木砍伐过量excessive tree felling13.无林区non-forested area14.掠夺式经营exploitation management；high grading15.间歇经营、间歇经营林；间歇作业intermittent production；forest under intermittentmanagement16.稽核；照查control17.单木作业；单采作业；单木施业forest management by individual trees18.掠夺式伐采exploitation19.伞伐混合作业；群状伞伐作业shelterwood group system；group shelterwood system20.森林条例；森林法令forest ordinance21.林业政策；森林政策forest policy22.大面积伞伐作业；大面积伞状天然下种法；广状伞伐更新法uniform shelterwood system23.小面积集团森林经营group management24.皆伐作业(法) clearcutting system；crearfelling system25.地景经营；地景施业；景观施业landscape management26.地景保护；景观保护landscape protection27.多目标(利用)林业multiple-use management；multi-use management28.中林作业；矮林保残作业法coppice with standards system；composite forest system；storiedcoppice system（UK）29.保残木作业；二段乔林作业；保残乔林作业high forest with reserves (system)；high forest with standards（system）30.牧野经营；牧野管理；草原管理pasture management；range management31.再造林义务replant duty；legal obligation to replant32.森林调查专家(员)；森林调查专业人员forest inventory specialist33.森林经营计划之归纳及演绎计划法；森林经营(经理)之归纳及演绎法indicative anddeductive forest management methods34.绩效检验performance test35.永续经营调整；永续经营规整(调整) sustained yield regulation36.禁伐；禁伐令；禁止开发preservation order；exploitation ban37.再生产reproduction38.伐采龄felling age39.林木界限；树限；乔木界限timber line；tree line40.林缘；林分边界stand edge；edge of a stand41.林分安全性(稳定性) stand stability42.经营安全性；低风险之森林经营；森林经营之风险回避(低危险) low-risk forestmanagement43.财政轮伐期；理财的轮伐期financial rotation44.面积加权平均林龄；森林之加权平均林龄weighed average age of a forest(trans.)45.次序；优先级；顺序order46.林缘保护；林分边缘保护edge protection47.空间次序；收获地域(地点)顺序spatial order48.经营计划起始日；经营计划之开始日starting date of a management plan (trans.)49.生态稳定性ecological stability50.工艺轮伐期technical rotation51.林衣；林套forest mantle52.最大材积收获轮伐期；材积收获最多之轮伐期rotation of maximum volume production53.最大收益轮伐期；金钱总收益最高之轮伐期rotation of maximum cash flow；maximum cash flow rotation54.最大土地净收益轮伐期；土地纯收益最高之轮伐期rotation of maximum soil rent55.最大森林净收益轮伐期；森林纯收益最高之轮伐期rotation of maximum income；rotation of the highest net income56.抗风力；暴风抗力；耐风力；风阻力windthrow resistance；wind resistance；wind firmness57.法正计算上之裸地；理论上之无立木地；理论上之未立木地theoretical clearfellarea58.土地利用型；土地利用分类land-use classification59.教学林；展示林；实验林；试验林demonstration forest；instruction forest；training forest；university forest60.未经营林；未施业林unmanaged forest61.森林公园forest park；park forest62.保安林protection forest63.森林公益功能；森林公益机能；森林社会效益(利益) social benefits of forests64.鉴界；境界补正；境界纠正boundary correction；rectification of boundaries65.林区管理处forest district66.苗圃nursery；tree nursery；forest nursery67.绝对的森林土壤；限适森林的土壤soil only suitable for forest (trans.)68.森林劣化、土壤劣化forest degradation69.方位；a坡向；斜面方向aspect；direction of slope70.森林植物社会学(forest ) plant sociology71.霜孔；易受霜害地frost hollow72.倾斜角；坡度(降)；梯度gradient73.森林生物生态空间调查；森林小区测绘forest biotope mapping74.森林土壤forest soil75.良木cull；reject；cull wood76.自记轮尺；电子轮尺recording cal(l)iper(s)77.萌芽；萌条；萌糱coppice shoot；stool shoot；sucker；sprout78.生长活力；生长潜力vigour79.末端直径；末口直径；末径top (end) diameter；small end diameter80.容许误差allowance81.受压木；中庸木intermediate tree82.树冠被覆；林冠披覆cover；crown cover；canopy cover83.冰霜害ice damage84.均质林分；一齐林；均匀林分；同形林；同质林uniform stand85.附属林分secondary crop86.雪害snow damage87.风害wind damage；storm damage88.小群see group89.兽害；鹿伤害；动物危害tree damage caused by forest fauna (trans.)90.取样率sampling intensity；sampling fraction；sampling rate91.必要样本数；最少样本数required sample size92.集团取样法cluster sampling93.概估；粗略估计rough estimate；raw estimate94.列表样品；3P样品；列表取样list sampling95.目视估计立木材积volume estimation by sight；ocular volume estimation96.定期调查；多相取样法multiphase sampling97.机率比例取样法proportional sampling；probability proportional to size（pps）98.林分断面积调查仪；林分面积调查仪(relascope) relascope；relascop99.连续森林调查的临时样本；连续的森林调查；变换样本的暂时样本continuous forestinventory with changing samples (trans.)100.经营记帐单位；经营计划单位；记帐单位management planning unit101.生产材明细表；生产材目录；堆积材明细表product summary (trans.)102.执行稽核；实行照查(稽核) control of prescriptions103.森林绩效检定；稽核簿；经营簿(监控) control of forest development（trans.）104.经营簿；作业稽核；稽核簿control of operation；work tracking105.木材生产稽核；照查；稽核control of forest production（trans.）106.经营计划检订；施业计划检订management plan revision；working plan revision 107.经营计划的执行plan of operations108.坑木minig timber；pit wood109.副产物accessory product；by-product；minor product；minor produce110.操作性的operational111.作业类转换；林相改良；作业种转换(变更) conversion112.产地证明(书)；产地认证certificate of origin113.果实mast114.补植replacement planting115.种苗认证；种子认证；植物认证；种子保证单certification of plants；certification of seed；certification of planting116.树种混合率调节control of mixture117.自然淘汰natural selection118.下层间伐；下层疏伐thinning from below；low thinning119.商业间伐；经济间伐；利用间伐commercial thinning120.非正常伐采利用；临时伐采extraordinary felling；extraordinary harvest121.倒向；伐倒方向felling direction；direction of fall122.楔形伞伐(作业) shelterwood wedge system；wedge system 123.金钱收获；货币收获monetary value; financial value 124.重置价值replacement value 125.林班沿革簿；林分沿革表history of stand 126.森林经营调查报告；森林经营计划forest mnagement plan 127.病虫害综合治理 integrated pest management 128.枯梢病 die-back129.雪枯病 snow blight130.疱锈病blister rust131.落针病 needle cast132.猝倒病 damping-off133.瘤锈病gall rust134.针叶锈病 needle rust135.球果锈病 cone rust136.枝枯病 shoot blight137.肿枝病swollen shoot138.丛枝病 witch's broom139.松材线虫 pine wood nematode140.榆树荷兰病 Dutch elm disease141.衰退病 decline disease142.桑寄生 parasite scurrula143.槲寄生mistletoe144.矮槲寄生 dwarf mistletoe145.菟丝子 dodder146.节腐 knot rot147.一年生溃疡 annual canker148.多年生溃疡 perennial canker149.扩展性溃疡diffuse canker150.环靶性溃疡target canker151.日灼sunscald152.哈迪网 Hartig net153.黑心材 black heart 154.红心材red heart 155.森林种子更新forest regeneration from seeds156.森林无性更新 vegetative forest regeneration157.萌芽更新 regeneration from sprouts158.根蘖更新 regeneration from root suckers159.分殖造林 planting [by vegetative propagation] 160.插条造林 planting by cuttings161.埋条造林 planting by layerings162.分根造林 planting by rootcuttings 163.分蘖造林 planting by tillers164.穴植法 hole planting165.缝植法 slit planting, planting in notches166.楔形栽植 wedge planting167.丛植 bunch planting168.带土栽植 ball planting169.固定预备林Fixing reserve；standing reserve170.移动预备林Flowing reserve；mobile reserve171.裸露地；未立木地；无立地木；空林地clearing；unstocked area172.种苗认证；种子认证；植物认证；种子保证单certification of plants；certification of seed；certification of planting173.单一栽培monoculture174.整地；生育地整治site preparation；clearing of the felling area；site clearing175.休闲期reforestation interval176.林下栽植；树下栽植；下木栽植understor(e)y management177.林分疏开opening-up of a stand178.除伐cleaning179.受光伐；受光疏伐；保育间伐increment thinning；accretion thinning180.树种混合率调节control of mixture181.自然淘汰natural selection182.下层间伐；下层疏伐thinning from below；low thinning183.架线集材；钢索集材cable logging；cable extraction184.金钱收获；货币收获monetary value; financial value185.土地台帐图cadastral map; property map; cadastre186.速生林作业free growth management187.伞伐作业法shelterwood method；shelterwood system188.保残木作业；二段乔林作业；保残乔林作业high forest with reserves (system)；high forest with standards（system）189.原始林；原生林virgin forest190.蓄积保育management of the growing stock191.作业级；事业区working circle192.森林调查专家(员)；森林调查专业人员forest inventory specialist193.牧野经营；牧野管理；草原管理pasture management；range management194.再造林义务replant duty；legal obligation to replant195.永续准则；永续基准sustainability criteria196.永续经营调整；永续经营规整(调整) sustained yield regulation197.林木界限；树限；乔木界限timber line；tree line198.林业经营单元(单位) management unit199.林缘；林分边界stand edge；edge of a stand200.经营安全性；低风险之森林经营；森林经营之风险回避(低危险) low-risk forest management201.财政轮伐期；理财的轮伐期financial rotation202.面积加权平均林龄；森林之加权平均林龄weighed average age of a forest(trans.) 203.次序；优先级；顺序order204.林缘保护；林分边缘保护edge protection205.抗风力；暴风抗力；耐风力；风阻力windthrow resistance；wind resistance；wind firmness 206.材种别收获表assortment table207.土地利用型；土地利用分类land-use classification208.森林企业；林业企业；森林事业体forest enterprise209.非生产林；保护林non-productive forest (trans.)210.小面积林丛；灌丛；萌生(芽)林；矮林copse211.森林地域forest area212.鉴界；境界补正；境界纠正boundary correction；rectification of boundaries213.无节knot-free214.林型；森林型forest type215.常设标志；测标measurement mark216.测定位置measurement location217.中央直径mid-diameter218.中央周围；中央圆周mid-girth219.形状比height-dbh ratio220.价值成长value increment221.人工新造林地；次生幼龄林establishment222.树冠被覆；林冠披覆cover；crown cover；canopy cover223.40%百分位胸径；40%规则的平均胸径mean dbh according to the 40% rule224.40%百分位树高；40%规则的树高height according to the 40% rule225.次要树种；副树种；补助的混交树种；经济价值少的树种nurse species；auxiliary species；accessory species226.生长函数growth function227.空中摄影测量aerial photo (graphic) survey；aerial photo（graphic）inventory；aerial survey228.空中三角测量aerial photo triangulation229.系统取样；系统抽样法systematic sampling230.系统误差systematic error231.林分特性估测stand estimation；estimation of stand characteristics232.估测法appraisal method233.先驱调查；预备调查pilot survey；pilot inventory234.蓄积调查inventory of growing stock235.生长量研究(试验)；生长量调查increment study236.经营记帐单位；经营计划单位；记帐单位management planning unit237.伐采量；伐采收获felling volume；felling yield238.生产材明细表；生产材目录；堆积材明细表product summary (trans.)239.经营计划期中检订；施业计划期中检定management plan revision240.经营计划手册；经营规定(指令)；计划手册management prescriptions；management instructions；management requlations241.变动面积样区法；变动样区法；可变半径样区法sampling using variable radius plots 242.植物分类plant classification243.裸子植物gymnosperms244.被子植物angiosperms245.双子叶植物dicotyledons246.单子叶植物monocotyledons247.维管植物vascular plant248.商用木材commercial timber249.木质茎woody stem250.树干stem; trunk; bole251.树根root252.主枝limb253.分枝branch254.小枝branchlet255.侧向支根lateral branch root256.小根rootlet257.根系root system258.表皮原dermatogen259.皮层原periblem260.中柱原plerome261.原形成层procambium262.表皮epidermis263.皮层cortex264.中柱central core stele265.髓pith266.形成层cambium267.初生韧皮部primary phloem268.初生木质部primary xylem269.初生长primary growth270.温带树木temperate-zone tree271.季节性活动seasonal activity272.形成层活动cambial activity273.生长轮growth ring274.年轮annual ring275.植物生长激素plant growth hormone; auxin 276.热带木材tropical wood277.国产木材domestic wood278.粗视木材特征gross structure features279.成熟树干mature trunk280.死皮（外皮）dead (outer)bark281.活皮（内皮）living(inner)bark282.边材sapwood283.心材heartwood284.正常心材normal heart wood285.受伤心材wound heartwood286.假心材false heartwood287.内含边材included sapwood288.边材树种sapwood tree289.熟材树种ripewood tree290.正常年轮ring of normal type; normal growth increment 291.非正常年轮ring of abnormal type292.不连续年轮discontinuous ring 293.假年轮false ring294.木射线wood ray; xylary ray 295.髓射线pith ray296.无孔材nonporous wood297.有孔材porous wood298.环孔材ring porous wood299.散孔材diffuse porous wood300.半散孔材semi-diffuse porous wood。
与森林相关的词汇及对照英文翻译
森林forest2006年6月13日16:45出处：FanE『翻译中国』词汇由：tradoser提供森林forest原始林 virgin forest次生林 sec on dary forest天然林 n atural forest人工林 forest pla ntati on, man-made forest速生丰产林 fast-growing and high-yield plantation 乔林high forest中林 composite forest矮林 coppice forest针叶林 coni ferous forest阔叶林 broad leaved forest落叶阔叶林 deciduous broadleaved forest常绿阔叶林 evergree n broadleaved forest热带雨林 tropical rain forest红树林 man grove forest林种 forest category用材林 timber forest防护林 protecti on forest经济林 non-timber product forest培育木材以外的其它林产品为主的森林。
薪炭林firewood forest, fuelwood forest 能源林energy forest特种用途林 forest for special use风景林 amenity forest纯林 pure forest混交林 mixed forest同龄林 evenaged forest异龄林 uneven aged forest单层林分 uniform stand复层林分 multi-storied stand林学 forest science, forestry树木学 dendrology树木生理学 tree physiology森林气象学 forest meteorology森林土壤学 forest soil science森林生物学 forest biology森林生态学 forest ecology林业经济学 forest economics森林遗传学 forest genetics林木育种学 forest tree improvement, forest tree breeding 森林培育学 silviculture 又称“造林学”。
森林培育名词解释中英文
森林分为以下五类：The forests are divided into the following five categories:（一）防护林：以防护为主要的目的的森林、林木和灌木丛，包括水源涵养林，水土保持林，防风固少林，农田、牧场防护林，护岸林，护路林；(1) Protection forests: forests, trees and bushes mainly aimed at protection, inclusive of water source storage forests, forests for water and soil conservation, wind protection and sand bind forests, forests for farmland and grassland protection, river bank protective belts and road protection belts;（二）用材林：以生产木材为主要目的的森林和林木，包括以生产竹材为主要目的的竹林；(2) Timber stands: forests and trees mainly at timber production, inclusive of bamboo groves mainly aimed at bamboo production;（三）经济林：以生产果品，食用油料、饮料、调料，工业原料和药材等为主要目的的林木；(3) Economic forests: trees mainly aimed at the production of fruits; edible oils, soft drinks and ingredients; industrial raw materials; and medicinal materials;（四）薪炭林：以生产燃料为主要目的的林木；4) Firewood forests: trees mainly aimed at the production of fuels;（五）特种用途林：以国防、环境保护、科学实验等为主要目的的森林和林木，包括国防林、实验林、母树林、环境保护林、风景林，名胜古迹和革命纪念地的林木，自然保护区的森林。
林业词汇
林业词汇The Ministry of Forestry 林业部the National Forestation Commission 国家绿化委员会Beijing Capital Greening Commission 北京首都绿化委员会the Japanese Peace and Friendship Forest 日本和平友好绿化协会the Green China Fund 中国绿化基金会cover the country with trees 绿化祖国turn the country green 绿化祖国the national afforest drive 全国绿化运动greening campaign 绿化运动a major tree planting drive 大规模植树运动large scale afforestation drive 大规模造林运动intensive afforestation 大规模绿化the long green program 长远的绿化计划the national tree-planting festival 全国植树节tree-planting date 植树日the national compulsory tree-planting activities 全国义务植树活动organize the planting of trees 组织植树the tree-planting drive sponsored by…… 由…发起的植树活动plant 5 trees each year 每年植5 棵树vitalize forestry with science and technology 科技兴树because of constant loss of trees 由于树林不断减少suffer damage from rats and other pests 遭受鼠害和其它病虫害non-forested area 无林区the worsening of environment 环境恶化soil erosion 土壤流失--- mu of eroded land 流失土地----亩at a pace of ---- mu each year 每年以---亩的速度流失harsh climate 气候恶劣awful weather 气候恶劣vile weather 气候恶劣dry climate 干旱的气候lack of rainfall 缺雨rivers die out 河流干涸the grassland diminishes 草原变少cause pasture to deteriorate at a rate of ----造成草原以---亩的速度下降be worn away by wind and sandstorms 被风沙暴吞食grass for animal feed deteriorated 牧草减少The sand heaped into dunes 沙子堆成山the advance of sand 沙丘的推进shifting sand burying crops 移动的沙子埋掉庄稼shifting dunes and sand 移动的沙丘与沙子annihilate---mu of cultivated land 吞掉---亩良田green all available land with trees and grasses 植树种草绿化所有土地the achievement in afforestation 绿化成绩afforested areas 绿化区域（面积）afforested project 造林工程form thick forests 形成密林collective tree farms 集体林场forest farm/lands 林场／地forest resources 森林资源forest development 林业发展develop forestry 发展林业ban forest 禁伐林lose off the afforested bills and protect the trees 封山育林enclose the hills for natural afforestation 封山育林be treelined on the both banks 两岸植树on either side of the river 两岸植树be surrounded by thick trees 被密林环绕grow saplings 培育树苗large stretches of forests 大片森林a stretch of pines 大片柃林a sea of forests/forestry 林海an afforestation projects in the flat-land areas 平原绿化工程newly afforested area 新绿地区the green coverage/areas 绿化面积clothe bare mountains in verdure 秃山披绿装afforest---mu of desert 绿化…亩沙地clouds of dust 尘土遮天deteriorate the environment 环境恶化reduce soil moisture 降低土地壤保墒strengthen the management of forests 加强森林管理plant trees 植树prevention or eradication of pests 防止或根除病日虫害contract tree planting projects out to individuals 把植树工程承包给个人concede the land to forestry 退耕还林afforest desert 绿化沙地plant trees in all the bald mountains 在秃山上植树a high(low)death rate 死亡率高(低)tree nursery 苗圃seedling nursery 苗圃botanical garden 植物园select fine seed strains 选良种selection of good tree seeds 选良种cultivate strong saplings/cultivation of strong saplings 培育强健树苗speed the growth of the forests 加速森林成长lay out young trees 抚育幼苗grow saplings 培育树苗breed new varieties of trees 培育树木新品种young plantation 人工幼林raise seedlings and care of trees 育苗护林protect forests 护林afforest---mu of uncultivated hilly land 绿化未开垦的山坡地reach afforestation standards 达到绿化标准the forest cover rate/the tree cover 森林覆盖率forests will cover 森林覆盖the amount of tree and grass coverage increased 植被面积增加了the average coverage of forest for each person 人均森林面积占有量advanced unit in afforestation 绿化先进单位commend advanced locality in afforestation drive 表扬绿化先进地区be honoured as the Best Unit in Afforesting bare/barren Mountain 树为绿化荒山先进单位advanced workers in afforestation 绿化先进工作者conserve water and soil 保持水土provide shelter belts for farmland 保护农田curb the sand 防止风沙regulate climate 调节气候improve weather condition 改善气候条件play a vital role 起关键作用turn back the advancing of desert 阻止沙丘前进halt soil erosion slow down 防止土壤流失help the soil hold water 有利于保墒halt desertification 防止沙化prevent water loss and soil erosion 防止水combat forest fires 防火林bare seashore 光秃的海边air seeding 空播sow tree seeds by plane 空播sow tree seeds from aircraft 空播by artificial seeding 人工播种survival rate 成活率pass appraisal by ---- 通过 ----的鉴定China's vast grassland 中国大草原Man-made pastrres used for animal husbandry/for grating 用来放牧种草的人工牧场hay production 饲料草的生产natural grassland 天然草原high-yield grass 高产草sow grass seeds on ---loess Plateau 在黄土高原上播种草籽green vast land with grasses 种草原绿化大片土地the forest store 森林储备the consumption of timber 木材消耗the growing of forest resources reserves exceed consumption 备用林生长超过消耗the growth rate of forest reserves keeps pace with consumption rate 备用林增长率等于砍伐率open up ---of orchards 开辟---果园Species of Forests And Treeswind breaks 防风林sand breaks 防沙林shelter belts of protect farmland 护田林shelter belts to protect the head-waters of土流失absorb dioxide and produce oxygen 吸收二氧化碳,放出氧气.Provide/supply large quantities of timber 提供大量木材--- cubic metres of timber ----立方米木材be ready to cut for timber 10 years after planting 种植十年即可采伐timber resources 木材资源the consumption of timber 木材消耗provide fodder and fuel 提供饲料与燃料due to a deteriorating ecological environment 由于生态环境恶化by poor management 由于管理不善trees withered or died 树木枯死forest fires 森林火灾open up 'virgin' soil for agriculture 开垦"处女地"fell trees and burn grass 砍树木烧荒sod shoveling for fuel 铲草皮烧火overuse 过分放牧excessive tree felling 树木砍伐过量the growing of forest resources reserves if behind consumption 备用林生长低于消耗rivers 水源防护林shelter belts to protect sea coasts 海防林natural forests 自然林auxiliary forest belt 主林带a network of forests 森林网trees of economic value 经济林forests for timber 木材林oil-yielding trees 油料林fast-growing and high-yielding forests 高产速成林rubber plantation 橡胶园tea plantation 茶园tung-tree 桐树mulberry 桑varnish tree 橄榄树bamboo growes 橡胶树tea grove 竹林tea grove 茶林/山walnut 核桃wild pepper 花椒wild peach 山桃wild apricot 山杏。
有关树木类的英文单词
有关树木类的英文单词Tre es 树木 pine 松 cerdar 雪松类 larch 落叶松 juniper 杜松cone 松果cypress 柏树bamboo 竹 box 黄杨 poplar 白杨cottonwood 三角叶杨maple 枫树sequoia 红杉fir 冷杉hemlock spruce 铁杉spruce 云杉yew 紫杉eucalytus 桉树locust 洋槐wattle 金合欢树camphor tree 樟树rosewood 紫檀ebony 乌檀sandalwood 檀香木satinwood 椴木linden 椴树rowan 欧洲山梨teak 柚木树elm 榆木树oak 橡树acorn 橡树果sycamore 美国梧桐ginkgo 银杏树holly 冬青coco 椰树date 枣椰树hickory 山核桃树plane tree 悬铃树beech 山毛榉horse chestnut 七叶树blackthorn 黑刺李baobab 猴面包树elder 接骨木myrtle 桃金娘科植物cycad 苏铁oil palm 油棕榈树treetop 树梢branch 树枝twig 小树枝bough 大树枝knot 树节trunk 树干leaf 树叶sprout 新芽sapling 树苗stump 树桩root 树根root hair 根毛taproot 主根bark 树皮resin 树脂pith 木髓cambium 形成层ring 年轮wood 木材osier 紫皮柳树willow 垂柳birch 白桦maple 枫树sequoia 红杉fir 冷杉hemlock spruce 铁杉spruce 云杉yew 紫杉eucalytus 桉树locust 洋槐wattle 金合欢树camphor tree 樟树rosewood 紫檀ebony 乌檀sandalwood 檀香木satinwood 椴木linden 椴树rowan 欧洲山梨teak 柚木树elm 榆木树oak 橡树acorn 橡树果sycamore 美国梧桐ginkgo 银杏树holly 冬青coco 椰树pine 松树cypress 柏树;poplar 白杨;willow 柳树;birch 桦树;Chinese parasol 梧桐;maple 枫树;camphor tree 樟树;wattle 金合欢;ginkgo 银杏;magnolia grandiflora 广玉兰;laurel 月桂;oak 橡树;palm 棕榈holly 冬青date 枣椰树hickory 山核桃树plane tree 悬铃树beech 山毛榉horse chestnut 七叶树blackthorn 黑刺李baobab 猴面包树elder 接骨木myrtle 桃金娘科植物cycad 苏铁oil palm 油棕榈树treetop 树梢branch 树枝twig 小树枝bough 大树枝knot 树节trunk 树干leaf 树叶sprout 新芽sapling 树苗stump 树桩root 树根root hair 根毛taproot 主根bark 树皮resin 树脂pith 木髓cambium 形成层ring 年轮wood 木材Trees 树木pine 松cerdar 雪松类larch 落叶松juniper 杜松cone 松果cypress 柏树bamboo 竹box 黄杨poplar 白杨cottonwood 三角叶杨。
森林用英语怎么说
森林用英语怎么说森林具有丰富的物种，复杂的结构，多种多样的功能，被誉为“地球之肺”，因此保护森林十分重要。
那么你知道森林用英语怎么说吗?下面店铺为大家带来森林的英语说法，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。
forest英 [ˈfɔrist] 美 [ˈfɔrɪst, ˈfɑr-]森林公园 Forest Park绿光森林 Green Forest森林产业 forest estate森林调查 forest survey穿过森林 go through a forest我们的国家森林分布很广。
The forests are widespread in our country.他骑马去森林了。
He went to the forest on horseback.熊熊烈火席卷森林。
Billows of flame swept through the forest.一片浓密的森林包围着城堡。
A thick forest girdled the castle about.森林里有充裕的薪柴可用。
There is abundant firewood in the forest.森林火灾造成了巨大的损失。
The combustion in the forest generated great damage.在我们的家乡有一片树叶茂密的森林。
There is a leafy forest in our hometown.森林毁于火灾。
The forests were ravaged by fire.孩子从森林边上走过,而没有从森林中间穿过。
The boys skirted the forest instead of going through it.嵩山森林公园森林景观的空间异质性较低。
Songshan forest park forest landscape space heterogeneity is low.一条小路蜿蜒穿过森林。
林业专用英语词汇
林业专用词汇--中英对照（繁）资源来源：互联网林學專有名稱雙語詞彙對照表繁體中文英語同齡林 forest consis n g o f e ven-a ged s ta nd (tra ns.)掠奪式經營 exploita o n m a nagem e nt；high grading間歇經營、間歇經營林；間歇作業 intermi e nt p r o duc o n；forest under intermi e nt management林分經營；林分管理 stand management；management on a stand basis立木蓄積、立木度 stocking (=d)更新作業法；作業法 silvicultural system稽核；照查 control永續林；恆續林 con n uous c over fo r e st永續林經營；永續林施業；恆續林施業 con n uous c over fo r e st m a nagem e nt s yste m單木作業；單採作業；單木施業 forest management by individual trees掠奪式伐採 exploita o n劃伐、傘伐混合作業；群狀傘伐作業 shelterwood group system；group shelterwood system劃伐作業；群狀擇伐作業 group selec o n s yste m；group selec o n m a nagem e nt經營林；施業林；生產林 managed forest營林監督 forest inspec o n森林經營計畫；森林經營(學) forest management (>)；forest management planning(neol.) 森林法 forest act；forest ordinance；forest law營林監督 forest inspec o n森林條例；森林法令 forest ordinance林業政策；森林政策 forest policy林業；林學 forestry林業經濟；林業經濟學 forest economics高山林；山岳林；山地林 mountain forest大面積傘伐作業；大面積傘狀天然下種法；廣狀傘伐更新法 uniform shelterwood system 小面積集團森林經營 group management喬林；用材林 high forest喬林作業 high forest system木材需求；木材需要 demand for wood木材供銷；木材獲得m b er s u ppl y木材生產m b er p r o duc o n；wood produc o n原木分級；材種；原木檢尺m b er a sso r tm e nt木材消費 wood consump o n ；m b er c ons u m p o n木材供給 wood procurement林產業；木材工業；木材加工業m b er in dus try ；wood processing industry禁止皆伐 clear fell ban；prohibi o n o f c l e ar c u n g皆伐作業(法) clearcu n g sy st em；crearfelling system地景經營；地景施業；景觀施業 landscape management地景保護；景觀保護 landscape protec o n闊葉樹林 broadleaved forest；hardwood forest多目標(利用)林業 mul p l e-u s e m a nagem e nt；mul -u s e m a nagem e nt混交林；混合林；混生林 mixed woodland；mixed forest中林；矮林；萌芽林 coppice with standards中林作業；矮林保殘作業法coppice with standards system；composite forest system；storied coppice system（UK）針葉樹林 coniferous forest近天然經營林分；近自然經營之林分 near to nature forest；naturally managed forest天然林；自然林；自生林 natural forest；indigenous forest矮林；萌芽林 coppice forest；sprout forest；low forest矮林擇伐作業；擇伐矮林作業 coppice selec o n s yste m矮林作業；簡單(單純)矮林作業 simple coppice system正規林業；正規森林經營；合法的林業 regulated forest management 人工林經營 planta o n m a nagem e nt擇伐作業 selec o n s yste m；single tree selec o n s yste m擇伐林 selec o n fo r e st ；plenter-wood環狀劃伐；帶狀劃伐；帶進孔狀傘伐 strip-and-group felling (>) 帶狀劃伐；帶進群狀傘伐作業 strip-and-group felling system帶狀伐採作業 strip cu n g sy st em；strip felling system速生林作業 free growth management傘伐作業法 shelterwood method；shelterwood system異齡混交法；混合林；混交林 highly structured forests保殘木作業；二段喬林作業；保殘喬林作業 high forest with reserves (system)；high forest with standards（system）原始林；原生林 virgin forest蓄積保育 management of the growing stock森林 forest育林(學) ；造林；造林學 silviculture森林利用(學) forest u liz a o n；forest u lis a o n森林生態系 forest ecosystem牧野經營；牧野管理；草原管理 pasture management；range management再造林義務 replant duty；legal obliga o n to r e pl a nt作業級；事業區 working circle森林調查專家(員)；森林調查專業人員 forest inventory specialist森林經營計畫之歸納及演繹計畫法；森林經營(經理)之歸納及演繹法indica v e a nd deduc v e fo r e st m a nagem e nt m e t h ods森林生長控制 control of forest growth (trans.)績效檢驗 performance test永續林業；永續森林經營 sustainable forest management永續性；保續；永續 sustainablility永續作業；永續經營 sustained-yield management永續準則；永續基準 sustainability criteria永續經營調整；永續經營規整(調整) sustained yield regula o n禁伐；禁伐令；禁止開發 preserva o n o r d er；exploita o n b an再生產 reproduc o n超伐；過伐 overcu n g；overfelling伐採齡 felling age樹齡，林齡 age齡階；齡級區分 age grada o n齡級結構；齡級分佈；齡級構成 age calss distribu o n林木界限；樹限；喬木界限m b er lin e ；tree line林業經營單元(單位) management unit林緣；林分邊界 stand edge；edge of a stand林分安全性(穩定性) stand stability經營安全性；低風險之森林經營；森林經營之風險迴避(低危險) low-risk forest management財政輪伐期；理財的輪伐期 fin anci a l ro t a o n面積加權平均林齡；森林之加權平均林齡 weighed average age of a forest(trans.) 伐採方向；伐木倒向 felling direc o n伐採週期；回歸期；循環期 felling cycle；cu n g cy cl e次序；優先順序；順序 order天然林演替相；天然林演替階段；天然林之發育過程(階段) development phases of (natural) forests森林經營計畫期；計畫期間；作業計畫期 planning period；forest management period；working plan period擇伐作業體系；擇伐作業 forest selec o n s yste m生產期；生產時間；生產性作業時間 produc o n m e；produc v e m e林緣保護；林分邊緣保護 edge protec o n空間次序；收穫地域(地點)順序 spa a l o r d er林緣(緣條)；境界 edge；border伐採順序(序列) cu n g se q uence ；felling sequence伐採順序規劃；伐採序列 cu n g or de r；felling order伐採管理 harvest management伐採序列 felling series經營計畫起始日；經營計畫之開始日 star n g d at e o f a m a nagem e nt p l a n (tra ns.)生態穩定性 ecological stability工藝輪伐期 technical rota o n林衣；林套 forest mantle收穫週期；回歸年(期) harves n g c ycl e；cu n g cy cl e輪伐期 rota o n ；rota o n le ngt h最大材積收穫輪伐期；材積收穫最多之輪伐期 rota o n o f m a xi m u m v ol u m e p r o duc o n最大收益輪伐期；金錢總收益最高之輪伐期 rota o n o f m a xi m u m c ashflo w；maximum cash flo w r o t a o n最大土地淨收益輪伐期；土地純收益最高之輪伐期 rota o n o f m a xi m u m s o i l r e nt最大森林淨收益輪伐期；森林純收益最高之輪伐期 rota o n o f m a xi m u m in com e；rota o n o f th e h i g hest n et in com e伐期齡；輪伐期 rota o n a ge更新級 regenera o n c l a ss更新期 regenera o n in t e r val；regenera o n p er io d預測 forecast；prognosis；predic o n森林覆蓋率；森林佔有率；森林率 percent forest cover森林結構；森林構造 forest structure；forest composi o n森林界限；樹木界限 forest boundary；forest limit抗風力；暴風抗力；耐風力；風阻力 windthrow resistance；wind resistance；wind firm n ess 森林經營單元；森林經營單位 forest management unit經濟伐期 economic maturity收穫時序；收穫次序 temporal order時間序列m e s er ie s時間序列分析；時序分析m e s er ie s a nal y si s收穫表 yield table理想立木度；法正蓄積；理想蓄積 normal stocking理想蓄積 ideal growing stock；ideal standing volume地方收穫表 local yield table材積收穫 volumetric yield法正齡級分佈 normal (ideal) age classdistribu o n法正蓄積 normal growing stock法正林；理想林；正規林 normal forest法正林模式；理想林模式 normal forest model；ideal forest model現實林 actual forest (trans.)材種別收穫表；利用材積收穫表 assortment yield table材種別收穫表 assortment table法正計算上之裸地；理論上之無立木地；理論上之未立木地 theore c al c l e ar fe l l a r e a林況 forest condi o n目標蓄積 target growing stock目標林 target forest（trans.）生長表 increment table間伐(疏伐)收穫；中間收穫 intermediate yield所有權型；財產歸屬 types of ownership土地利用型；土地利用分類 land-use classific a o n地塊；林分；土地區分 parcel；land parcel森林使用權 forest right；right of forest use；（forest privilege）森林企業；林業企業；森林事業體 forest enterprise森林所有權；森林地產 forest estate森林所有權分割；森林所有之分割 forest fragmenta o n ；fragmenta o n o f fo r e st h ol d i n gs非生產林；保護林 non-produc v e fo r e st (tra ns.)保安林 protected forest (=d)遊憩地；森林遊憩林；森林遊樂林 recrea o nal fo r e st小面積林叢；灌叢；萌生(芽)林；矮林 copse教學林；展示林；實驗林；試驗林demonstra o n fo r e st ；instruc o n fo r e st ；training forest；university forest未經營林；未施業林 unmanaged forest森林公園 forest park；park forest保安林 protec o n fo r e st森林保護法案；保安林之劃定 forest protec o n a ct森林功能；森林機能；森林利用 forest use；forest land use；forset func o n森林功能分類；森林機能分類 forest land use class森林帶；樹林帶 forest belt；woodland belt森林步道 forest nature trail；forest walk限制林；限制使用林 limited use forest (trans. )保存林；預備林 forest reserve；reserved forest防風林帶；保護林帶 shelterbelt；windbreak經濟林；生產林 commercial forest；produc o n fo r e st森林公益功能；森林公益機能；森林社會效益(利益) social benefits o f fo r e sts 林班 compartment；forest compartment林班界 compartment boundary林分 stand小班界；林分界 sub-compartment boundary；stand boundary防火帶；防火線 fire b r e ak ；fire lin e森林地域 forest area鑑界；境界補正；境界糾正 boundary correc o n ；rec fica on of bo u ndar i es林地 forest land非生產地；非林地；除地 non-produc v e fo r e st la nd林區管理處 forest district苗圃 nursery；tree nursery；forest nursery林區；森林區 forest range；range保護帶；保護林(樹)帶；緩衝帶 protec o n b el t ；protec o n s trip；buffe r s trip 調查單位；抽查單位 survey unit；inventory unit小班 sub-compartment準小班；造林地號；小班 stand絕對的森林土壤；限適森林的土壤 soil only suitable for forest (trans.)森林劣化、土壤劣化 forest degrada o n土壤的；土壤因素的 edaphic收穫水準；生產水準 yield level方位；a坡向；斜面方向 aspect；direc o n o f s l o pe森林植物社會學 (forest ) plant sociology霜孔；易受霜害地 frost hollow傾斜角；坡度(降)；梯度 gradient自然度 naturalness潛在自然森林社會/植群；潛在自然植生 poten a l n at u r a l fo r e st c om mu ni ty地貌；起伏度 relief立地調查；生育地調查；地況調查；土地測繪 site survey；site mapping；site apparaisal；site apparaisement立地描述，生育地描述；土地描述；地況記載site descrip o n ；destrip o n o f s i te地位指數；土地指數；地位指標 site index立地因子，生育地因子 site factor立地型；生育地型；地位型 site type森林生物生態空間調查；森林小區測繪 forest biotope mapping 森林土壤 forest soil森林區；森林地帶 forest region森林社會；森林生態體系 forest community；forest associa o n林型；森林型 forest type森林荒蕪；森林破壞 forest destruc o n生長區；生長區域 growth region生長區域；生長範圍；森林帶 growth zone良木 cull；reject；cull wood尖削度；尖梢；梢殺 high taper林齡查定；林齡調查 age determina o n枝條材；枝材 branchwood枝條性 branchiness無節 knot-free尖削係數；尖削度；尖削指數 taper coefficien t樹木；喬木 tree樹種 pecies；tree species樹高 tree height樹木形數 tree form factor樹木材積 total tree volume樹型級 tree class測樹 mensura o n林木材積式；幹材積式 tree volume equa o n ；volume equa o n ；tariff n um b er 胸高 breast height (b.h.)可利用材；成材；可利及費材(材積) merchantable m b er v ol u m e 可利用材積形數；材積形數m b er fo r m fa cto r肥大生長；直徑生長 diamemter growth尖削；直徑遞減 taper直徑級；直徑階 diameter calss直徑生長(量)；肥大生長 diameter increment；diameter growth 定期平均生長量 periodic average increment材積表 (uniform) tariff晉級生長 ingrowth精英樹；菁英樹；特優樹 elite tree；champion tree剝皮 peeling；bark removal；debarking；barking去皮材積；收穫實材積 cubic meter under bark (m3u. b.)收穫損失 harvest loss；harvest waste連皮材積（fm）；含皮材積；實積立方公尺cubic meter over bark（m3o.b.）形狀高；樹形高 form height；volume/basal area ra o；tree form height形狀高生長；樹形高生長 form height increment形率；形商；直徑率 form quo e nt形數；形狀係數 form factor (f)胸高斷面積 basal area (b. a.)胸高斷面積表；斷面積表；圓面積表 table of basal areas；basal-area table；table of sec o nal a r e as樹幹解析 stem analysis樹高生長 height growth年輪解析 analysis of annual rings；tree ring analysis年輪；生長輪 growth ring；annual ring輪尺 callipers；caliper直徑測定 diamter measurement最小測量徑級；測徑界限；直徑界限 minimum dbh (by inventory) 樹冠 crown樹冠（林冠）結構；樹冠構造 crown structrue樹冠直徑；冠徑 crown width樹冠級 crown class材積輪尺 volumetric callipers闊葉樹 broadleaved tree；hardwood tree期間生長量；當年生長量 current increment連年生長量 current annual increment原木檢尺；伐木檢尺(測定) measurement of felled m b er常設標誌；測標 measurement mark測定位置 measurement loca o n中央直徑 mid-diameter中央周圍；中央圓周 mid-girth母樹 mother tree針葉樹 conifer；so w o od tre e定期生長量 periodic increment精英樹；優型樹；選留樹 plus tree；selected tree暴長木；暴露木 wolf tree層積立方公尺 cubic meter stacked自記輪尺；電子輪尺 recording cal(l)iper(s)皮材率；樹皮率 bark deduc o n ；bark allowance；bark factor 樹皮厚度計；樹皮計；樹皮測定器 bark gauge原木 log樹幹；幹材；主幹 stem；trunk；bole樹幹形質 stem quality樹幹級；樹型級 stem quality class樹幹形數 stem form factor形狀比 height-dbh ra o區分求積 volune measurement by sec o ns原木分等；材種分等 log grading；grading of logs；grading of stems 樹幹；主幹 stem樹幹長 stem length；m b er le ngt h萌芽；萌條；萌糱 coppice shoot；stool shoot；sucker；sprout 簡化材積表 tariff保留木；保存木；保殘木 reserving of standards胸高圓周長；胸高周圍長 girth breast height (gbh)連皮圓周長；連皮周圍長 girth over bark去皮圓周長；無皮周圍長 girth under bark周圍生長量；圓周生長量 girth increment可利用最小直徑；最小利用直徑 diameter limit活力；生長力 vitality每木調查 complete enumera o n材積m b er v ol u m e材積收穫 volume yield；volume produc o n材積表 volume table；log rule材積生長(量) volume increment生長參數；測定要素 growth parameters；increment parameters 生長率；成長率；生長速率 growth percent；increment percent價值成長 value increment樹梢；梢 top生長活力；生長潛力 vigour生長形；生長型；生育型 growth form末端直徑；末口直徑；末徑 top (end) diameter；small end diameter 主林木；主伐木；收穫樹 fin al c ro p tre e ；future tree；crop tree 容許誤差 allowance增長量；生長(量)；增量 increment生長錐 increment borer增長係數；生長率；生長係數 increment coefficien t受壓木；中庸木 intermediate tree株距；株距值 tree spacing平均年生長量；齡級平均增長量 mean annual increment樹高生長曲線 height curve；height development curve；height age curve人工新造林地；次生幼齡林 establishment算術平均樹高 arithme c m e an h ei g ht算術平均直徑 arithme c m e an d i a m e t e r人工幼齡林；人造幼齡林 pre-thicket母樹林；選留木林分；特優母樹林elite stand；selected stand；selected crop 樹種混淆；混淆 species mixture；mixture桿材木；老齡林 pole size m b er樹層；喬木層 tree layer立木株數；株數；立木數 number of stems建造期；成林期間 establishment period樹冠被覆；林冠披覆 cover；crown cover；canopy cover林分密度 stand density林分發育；林分生育期(階段) stand development；development of a stand林分形數 stand form factor林分胸高斷面積；林分胸高斷面積合計 stand basal area林內孔隙；林隙；林分未遮蔽率 clearing林分剖面；林分斷面圖 stand profile；cross-sec o n o f a s ta nd林分結構；林分構造 stand structure；cons tu o n of a stan d ；structure of a stand 蓄積結構；蓄積構造 growing stock structure立木度；林分密度指數 stand density index地位級；立地位級 site class可利用材積生長量；利用材積生長量 merchantable m b er in cre m e nt鬱閉期；叢林；壯齡林 thicket斷面積平均木直徑 quadra c m e an d i a m e t e r；diameter of mean basal area tree 斷面積中央木直徑；中央斷面積直徑 median dbh40%百分位胸徑；40%規則的平均胸徑 mean dbh according to the 40% rule直徑分布 diameter distribu o n平均總生長量；總平均生長量 mean gross increment標準樹高曲線 standard height curve單層林 single-storied stand冰霜害 ice damage主伐林分；主伐木；主伐收穫 fin al c ro p暫植木；補植木 fille r總收穫材積 total volume；total yield鬱閉林分；最大蓄積林分 fully stocked stand同齡林；同齡林分 even-aged stand均質林分；一齊林；均勻林分；同形林；同質林 uniform stand樹群；群 group；group of trees伐期平均生長量 fin al m e an a nnual in cre m e nt；average yield class主要樹種 main tree species主林分；主林木；主伐木 main crop；principal crop；main stand；principal stand優勢木 dominant crop次要樹種；副樹種；補助的混交樹種；經濟價值少的樹種 nurse species；auxiliary species；accessory species斷面積平均木樹高 height of mean basal area tree；mean height斷面積中央木樹高 median height40%百分位樹高；40%規則的樹高 height according to the 40% rule樹高曲線 height curve；diameter-height curve林分水平結構；林分水平構造 horizontal stand structure團；灌木；樹叢 see“ group”未成熟材；未熟材 juvenile wood幼齡生長；幼齡林；叢狀林 thicket每木調查表；調查表；檢尺簿；野帳；明細表 tally sheet；measurement list 胸高斷面積平均木；斷面積平均木 mean basal area tree冠層；林冠；樹冠 canopy樹冠競爭；樹冠競合 crown compe o n樹冠層；林冠層 crown layer樹冠鬱閉度；林冠密度 crown closure；crown cover灌叢；樹形不良林分；矮林；灌木林 scrub (stand)連年總平均年生長量；連年生長量 total mean increment複層林 mul -sto r ie d s ta nd混合(交)樹種 associated species林分平均胸高直徑；林木平均直徑 mean diameter；average diameter 林分平均樹高 average height；stand height平均樹高 Lorey's mean height中央木；平均木 mean tree天然修枝；天然落枝；自行修枝 natural pruning；self pruning次要樹種；副樹種；從屬種 secondary species；subordinates pecies附屬林分 secondary crop上層樹高；上木高度 top height；height of dominant trees強勢木生產力；生產力指數；地位指數 produc v i ty in dex上層 overstor(e)y；uppermost layer；upper stor(e)y上層木 overwood；upper crop先驅樹種 pioneer species；pioneer形質生長(量) quality increment；increase in quality成熟林 mature stand純林 pure stand；pure crop採運損傷；出材損傷 extrac o n d am a ge採種林；母樹林 seed stand；parent stand損害；疵傷；損傷 defect；damage樹(林)冠疏密度 canopy density雪害 snow damage株距；幹距 tree spacing；spacing(between trees)；espacement立木位置圖；直徑分佈；胸徑分佈；樹幹分佈；林木分佈 dbh distribu o n 立地穩定性；立地強度 stability of stand中齡林；桿材；小徑木(林) pole stage；pole crop風害 wind damage；storm damage枯死木 dead trees小群 see group過熟林分；老齡過熟林分(木) overmature stand異齡林 uneven-aged stand不規則林；不整齊林 irregular stand下層林；下層植生；下木 understor(e)y；underwood；undergrowth 留存木；主林木 main crop a e r th i n ni n g ；residual stand試驗地；試驗區；試區 experimental site；experimental area林分垂直結構；林分垂直構造 ver c al s ta nd s tru ctu r e主要樹種 main species；principal species立木蓄積；林木蓄積 growing stock生長函數 growth func o n指標林分 index stand；indicator stand；control stand獸害；鹿傷害；動物危害 tree damage caused by forest fauna (trans.) 林分成長齡級；林分成長級數；自然的齡級 stand development class 生長空間；生育空間 growing sapce中央木平均生長；增長量中央木；平均生長木 mean growth tree 生長率；增長百分比；成長率 increment percent；growth percent 二層林；二段林 two-storied取樣率 sampling intensity；sampling frac o n ；sampling rate必要樣本數；最少樣本數 required sample size調查；定期抽樣調查 inventory遙測；遙感探測 remote sensing定期調查；追蹤調查 periodic inventory集團取樣法 cluster sampling分層取樣；分層取出之樣本 stra fie d s a m pl e概估；粗略估計 rough es m a t e；raw es m a t e斷面積調整；斷面積規整 basal area regula o n測高器 height meter測樹學 mensura o n ；dendrometry森林調查；森林清查 inventory；forest inventory；forest survey森林調查設計 inventory design森林調查方法；森林清查方法 inventory method水平樣線法（直線樣品） line-plot survey；line-plot；strip survey 列表樣品；3P樣品；列表取樣 list sampling航空照片判釋 aerial photo interpreta o n空中攝影測量 aerial photo (graphic) survey；aerial photo（graphic）inventory；aerial survey空中三角測量 aerial photo triangula o n材積調查；蓄積推定 volume determina o n ；（standing）m b er d et e r m i n a o n；growing stock determina o n數理統計學的樣本分析 sta s ca l a n al ys i s o f in v ent ory da t a目視估計立木材積volume es m a o n by sigh t；ocular volume es m a o n正射投影圖(照片)；正射圖 orthophoto (graph)定期調查；多相取樣法 mul p hase s am p l in g永久樣區；連續森林調查法 con n uous fo r e st in vent o r y w i th p er m a nent s am p l e s樣區；標準地 sample plot樣區調查法 inventory by sample plots機率比例取樣法 propor o nal s am p l in g ；probability propor o nal to s i z e （pps）林分斷面積調查儀；林分面積調查儀 (relascope) relascope；relascop測高法；形數測高法 Pressler's method of height determina o n林分株數調查 enumera o n ；tally樣本 sample圓形樣區法 sampling using a range of fix ed r a di u s p l o t s固定面積樣區法；樣本地法 fix ed a r e a s am p l in g變動面積樣區法；變動樣區法；可變半徑樣區法 sampling using variable radius plots 取樣；抽樣 sampling取樣單元；抽樣單位；取樣單位 sampling unit取樣誤差；樣本誤差 sampling error取樣法；取樣調查法 sampling methods取樣數 sample number； sample size；size of a sample樣本分布 sampling unit distribu o n分層；層次 stra fica on層；層聚 stratum / strata系統取樣；系統抽樣法 systema c s am p l in g系統誤差 systema c e r ro r林分特性估測 stand es m a o n；es m a o n of stan d ch ar act eri s cs估測法 appraisal method連續森林調查的臨時樣本；連續的森林調查；變換樣本的暫時樣本 con n uous fo r e st inventory with changing samples (trans.)材積計算 volume calcula o n ；volume measurement先驅調查；預備調查 pilot survey；pilot inventory蓄積調查 inventory of growing stock永久樣區森林調查；連續森林調查 con n uous fo r e st in vent o r y生長量研究(試驗)；生長量調查 increment study經營記帳單位；經營計畫單位；記帳單位 management planning unit伐採量；伐採收穫 felling volume；felling yield生產材明細表；生產材目錄；堆積材明細表 product summary (trans.)年伐量 annual cut；annual yield執行稽核；實行照查(稽核) control of prescrip o ns森林績效檢定；稽核簿；經營簿(監控) control of forest development（trans.）經營簿；作業稽核；稽核簿 control of opera o n ；work tracking木材生產稽核；照查；稽核 control of forest produc o n （trans.）經營計畫檢訂；施業計畫檢訂 management plan revision；working plan revision 檢尺m b er s cal in g ；scaling of felled m b er經營計畫的執行 plan of opera o ns森林稽查；森林踏查 forest inspectorate經營計畫期中檢訂；施業計畫期中檢定 management plan revision經營計畫；森林經理計畫 opera o nal (fo r e st) p l a nni n g經營目標；施業目的；經營目的 management objec v e經營目標類型；施業(經營)目的 type of management objec v e經營計畫手冊；經營規定(指令)；計畫手冊 management prescrip o ns；management instruc o ns；management requla o ns土地純益論；土地純收益說 theory of soil rent林分經營計畫；森林經營細部計畫；林分經營計畫 stand management planning總收穫量 total yield坑木 minig m b er；pit wood主分類、木材主要等級 main assortment；main category副產物 accessory product；by-product；minor product；minor produce操作性的 opera o nal撫育目標；保育目的 tending objec v e森林經營中期計畫 forest management planning生產目標(目的) produc o n ta r g et原木；圓木 round m b er；round wood製材原木(圓木)；用材 sawlog大徑木；製材用材 sawlog stage作業類轉換；林相改良；作業種轉換(變更) conversion林相變更；作業轉換(變更) transforma o n更新目標(目的) regenera o n ta r g et生長加速；生長(率)增加 growth accelera o n ；increase in growth 育林目標 silvicultural objec v e ；silvicultural goal森林純利論；森林純利理論(說) theory of forest rent(al)林經營，森林管理 management森林經營目標(目的) forest management objec v e ；management objec v e目標直徑（理想直徑） target diameter目標函數 objec v e fu nc o n生長加速；生長量增加 increase in growth rate林型 stand type；crop type土壤改良 soil improvement生產計畫 produc o n p l a nni n g ；planning of produc o n造林；植林 affo r e sta o n；foresta o n補植 fillin g in；bea n g u p ；reinforcement plan n g ；fillin g o f b l a nks樹種更替；樹種變換(更) change of species；transforma o n林分建造；造林、育林 establishment (of a stand)；stand establishment；crop establishment 裸露地；未立木地；無立地木；空林地 clearing；unstocked area土壤翻鬆；攪土；翻鬆；鬆土 scarific a o n補植林(在過去未植林地)；補充造林；替代造林 compensatory plan n g造林失敗地；無立木地 blank；failure森林植物；森林苗木 forest plants；plan n g s to ck群狀栽植；群狀造林；塊植 group plan n g ；block plan n g產地證明(書)；產地認證 cer fica te of o r i g in人工更新 ar ficial re g ener a on造林計畫；栽植計畫plan n g p l a n ；affo r e sta o n plan；establishment plan果實 mast補植 replacement plan n g種苗認證；種子認證；植物認證；種子保證單 cer fica on of pla nts ；cer fica on of seed；cer fica on of pla n ng造林；栽植 planta o n栽植距離；栽植間隔；植樹間隔 plan n g s apce ；plan n g d i s ta nce ；spacing of plants；espacement擇伐更新 regenera o n in th e s el e c o n s y st em純林；單一栽培 monoculture伐區；作業現場 cu n g ar ea；felling area；logging area；logging site整地；生育地整治 site prepara o n ；clearing of the felling area；site clearing 休閒期 reforesta o n in t e r val林下栽植；樹下栽植；下木栽植 understor(e)y management更新 regenera o n全面整地；全部耕耘 complete cul v a o n；full cul v a o n上層保護更新；老林分造林；早期更新林分 advance plan n g更新前期作業；前更新作業 advance regenera o n ；advance reproduc o n森林更新 forest renewal混農林業 agroforestry；agro-forestry修枝；打枝；人工修枝 pruning；ar ficial p r un i ng撫育間伐；上層間伐 selec v e th i n ni n g林分疏開 opening-up of a stand林分撫育；撫育；保育；育林 stand tending間伐；疏伐 thinning間伐類型；間伐方式；疏伐型；疏伐法 thinning type；type of thinning；thinning method 間伐收穫；（疏伐收穫） thining yield間伐強度；疏伐強度；間伐率；疏伐率 thinning intensity間伐頻度；疏伐頻率 thinning frequency間伐間隔；間伐週期；疏伐間隔；疏伐週期 thinning cycle；thinning interval上層間伐；上層疏伐 thinning from above；high thinning幼齡林撫育 tending during the prethicket and thicket stages (trans.)冠層疏伐；上層疏伐 crown thinning造林撫育 tending during the establishment stage (trans.)除伐 cleaning受光伐；受光疏伐；保育間伐 increment thinning；accre o n th i n ni n g樹種混合率調節 control of mixture自然淘汰 natural selec o n下層間伐；下層疏伐 thinning from below；low thinning撫育伐；整理伐；除伐 improvement felling；improvement cu n g撫育作業週期 cycle of tending opera o ns暴長木伐採；上木伐；自由伐；獨立伐felling of wolf trees；libera o n fe l lin g ；libera o n c ut 清理伐；除伐 cleaning間伐；前利用；中間利用 intermediate felling；intermediate前利用量；中間利用量；間伐收穫 intermediate yield商業間伐；經濟間伐；利用間伐 commercial thinning主伐收穫；伐期收穫 fin al y i e l d；yield of fin al c ro p主伐面積；伐採面積 felling area伐採木標示；林木記號 tree marking；m b er m a r ki n g非正常伐採利用；臨時伐採 extraordinary felling；extraordinary harvest 採木標示；伐採木(林木)標印；標記 tree marking；m b er m a ki n g伐採 to fell伐採量；收穫量 harvest volume終伐；主伐 preparatory felling；preparatory cu n g；advance felling收穫費用；伐採費；伐出費 harves n g c os ts倒向；伐倒方向 felling direc o n ；direc o n o f fa l l伐採季節 felling season；cu n g se ason劃伐；漸行傘伐；更新伐 progressive shelterwood felling面積式伐採；伐區式皆伐 area-wise felling疏開伐；離伐；自由伐 severance felling群狀(孔狀)傘伐；孔狀(群狀)天然下種(更新)法 group shelterwood；group shelterwood system成熟伐採；成熟的；可伐採的 exploitable；mature伐採 harvest felling伐期齡；砍伐適齡；輪伐期 felling age；exploita o n a ge ；rota o n a ge伐採界面；伐採前面；伐採剖面 felling face；felling front木材收穫；木材採運；伐運；伐木集運材m b er h arvest ；m b er h ar ves n g皆伐；後伐 clearfell皆伐跡地；皆伐面積 clearcut area；clearfell area楔形傘伐(作業) shelterwood wedge system；wedge system受光伐 overhead release felling利用；林產物利用 u lis a o n；u liz a o n伐採方法；利用種類；伐採種類；伐採法；開發方式 exploita o n m e t h od ；harvest method利用率；收穫率 harvest percent擇伐 selec o n c u n g；selec o n fe l lin g群狀劃伐；孔狀(群狀)畫伐 group advancement felling終伐；清理伐；主伐 fin al c u n g；fin al fe l lin g開墾 deforesta o n ；forest clearing下種伐 seed cu n g；seed felling；seeding cu n g；seeding felling帶狀伐採 strip felling；strip cu n g帶狀傘伐 shelterwood-strip felling帶狀伐區；帶狀伐採跡地；帶狀伐採地(區) strip felled area傘伐 shelterwood felling；shelterwood cu n g。
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森林 forest2006年6月13日16:45 出处：FanE『翻译中国』词汇由：tradoser提供森林forest原始林virgin forest次生林secondary forest天然林natural forest人工林forest plantation, man-made forest速生丰产林fast-growing and high-yield plantation乔林high forest中林composite forest矮林coppice forest针叶林coniferous forest阔叶林broad leaved forest落叶阔叶林deciduous broadleaved forest常绿阔叶林evergreen broadleaved forest热带雨林tropical rain forest红树林mangrove forest林种forest category用材林timber forest防护林protection forest经济林non-timber product forest培育木材以外的其它林产品为主的森林。
薪炭林firewood forest, fuelwood forest能源林energy forest特种用途林forest for special use风景林amenity forest纯林pure forest混交林mixed forest同龄林evenaged forest异龄林uneven aged forest单层林分uniform stand复层林分multi-storied stand林学forest science, forestry树木学dendrology树木生理学tree physiology森林气象学forest meteorology森林土壤学forest soil science森林生物学forest biology森林生态学forest ecology林业经济学forest economics森林遗传学forest genetics林木育种学forest tree improvement, forest tree breeding森林培育学silviculture又称“造林学”。
森林病理学forest pathology森林昆虫学forest entomology森林测计学forest mensuration又称“测树学”。
森林经理学forest management林业史forestry history水土保持学soil and water conservation园林学landscape architecture木材学wood science, wood technology森林利用学forest utilization林业工程学forest engineering木材加工学wood processing林产化学加工学chemical processing of forest products 林业forestry森林资源forest resources森林覆盖率forest coverage, percentage of forest cover 森林效益forest effect乡村林业rural forestry城市林业urban forestry粗放林业extensive forestry集约林业intensive forestry森林工业forest industry森林经营forest management林业政策forest policy林业经济forest economy林业法规forestry regulation森林生态系统forest ecosystem生物地理群落biogeocoenosis农林复合生态系统integral agroforestry ecosystem森林物质循环mineral cycling in forest, material cycling in forest森林能量平衡energy equilibrium in forest林分stand林分组成stand composition林龄stand age林分起源origin of stand林相forest form林分密度stand density郁闭度crown density森林环境forest environment立地site立地类型site type喜光树种intolerant tree species曾用名“阳性树种”。
耐荫树种shade-tolerant tree species 喜温树种thermophilous tree species 耐寒树种winter hardy tree species 旱生树种xerophilous tree species湿生树种hygrophilous tree species 中生树种mesophilous tree species森林气候forest climate冻拔frost heaving冻裂frost cleft, frost cracking林冠层forest canopy森林水文forest hydrology树冠截留crown interception干流stemflow冠淋crown wash透冠雨throughfall淋失leaching森林土壤forest soil枯枝落叶层litter死地被物forest floor又称“林褥”。
森林腐殖质forest humus粗腐殖质raw humus, mor细腐殖质mild humus, mull改良土壤树种soil improving tree species化感作用allelopathy又称“异种克生”。
互惠共生mutualistic symbiosis森林群落forest community林型forest type林分结构stand structure复层混交林stratified mixed stand主林层main storey次林层substorey乔木层tree stratum下木层undergrowth活地被物层ground vegetation优势树种dominant tree species亚优势树种subdominant tree species伴生树种associated tree species乡土树种indigenous tree species, native tree species 先锋树种pioneer [tree species]地带性顶极zonal climax, primary climax非地带性顶极azonal climax森林线forest line, forest limit又称“森林界限”。
树木线timber line又称“树木界限”。
林木改良forest tree improvement林木选择selection of tree精选树elite tree正号树plus tree优树superior tree优良林分superior stand, superior plantation林木引种introduction of exotic species树木育种tree breeding母树林seed production stand种子园seed orchard无性系种子园clonal seed orchard实生苗种子园seedling seed orchard去劣种子园rogued seed orchard[种子]原产地provenance, seed source又称“种源”。
产地试验provenance trial又称“种源试验”。
局部分布区产地试验limited range provenance trial全分布区产地试验wide range provenance trial子代测定progeny test无性系测定clonal test优树采集区clonal archive采穗圃cutting orchard种子区seed zone育种区breeding zone造林forestation人工更新artificial reforestation[无林地]造林afforestation四旁植树four-side tree planting指路旁、水旁、村旁、宅旁的植树。
林木种子forest tree seed母树seed tree采种seed collection种实调制seed processing种子贮藏seed storage种子[层积]催芽seed stratification种子检验seed testing, seed quality examination 种子证明书seed certification森林苗圃forest nursery固定苗圃permanent nursery临时苗圃temporary nursery苗木nursery stock, planting stock播种苗tree seedling又称“实生苗”。
野生苗wild[l]ing苗床seedbed床作bedding culture垅作ridge culture撒播broadcast sowing条播strip sowing, drill sowing带播belt sowing点播spot sowing覆盖mulching上方遮荫overhead shading侧方遮荫side shading营养繁殖苗planting stock [by vegetative propagation] 移植苗transplant裸根苗bareroot seedling容器苗container seedling苗木出圃outplanting起苗lifting [of seedlings]假植heel in苗木贮藏seedling storage苗木分级seedling sorting苗木包装seedling packing造林地planting site, planted land宜林地suitable land for forest造林区划silvicultural regionalization立地评价site evaluation立地分类site classification造林调查设计plantation survey and project树种选择choice of tree species适地适树matching species with the site造林密度planting density种植点配置spacing of planting spots, spacing of seeding spots 行状配置strip spacing群状配置group spacing人工混交林mixture plantation混交类型type of mixture混交方法pattern of mixture造林地整地site preparation, soil preparation造林地清理site preparation整地方法method of soil preparation全面整地overall soil preparation局部整地partial soil preparation带状整地strip soil preparation块状整地spot soil preparation造林方法method of forestation播种造林seeding,direct seeding又称“直播造林”。