良性前列腺增生临床路径

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良性前列腺增生实行临床路径的费用控制管理研究

良性前列腺增生实行临床路径的费用控制管理研究

由于卫生 部无强制性符合 临床路径准入条件 的病例 1 0 0 %入路 ,要 求符 合入路标 准的 患者 5 0 %入路 即合格 ;进 入路径 后 ,用药及 检查项 目等 方面多少都 限制 了医师的 自由权 ,普及使用 临床路径还 存在一定
难度 。本 文选择2 0 0 9 年3 Y ] 至2 0 1 2 年1 0 月入住 我院治疗 的前列 腺增生
中 图分类 号 :R 6 9 7 . 3
文献标 识 码 :B
文章 编 号 :1 6 7 1 — 8 1 9 4( 2 0 1 3 )2 1 — 0 1 6 3 — 0 2
临床路径 ( C l i n i c a l p a t h w a y )是指 以循 证医学为指 导 ,通过建 立
病种 按照 同一费用 标准付费 ,因此医院要想获得 盈利 ,就必须在保 证 服务 质量的 同时降低服务费用 ,这就要求 医院寻找更加合理 的服务 方
法 和模式 ,临床路径 ( C l i n i c a l P a t h w a y ,C P )管理模 式被提 出 ,根据 住 院天数设计表 格 ,使患者 从人院到 出院都按 标准化流程接 受照管 , 很 好地控制 了质 量和经费 ,减少了康复时 间和 医疗资源 的过度 浪费 , 因而得到美国 、欧洲及亚洲 国家的广 泛推广 应用 。 临床 路径组与对 照组的化验费 占比和治疗费 占比差别无统 计学意 义 ,说明两组前 列腺增生患者 住院期间所进行 的病理 、实验 室生化检
2 0 1 3年7月第 1 1 卷 第2 1 期
・临床研究 ・ 1 6 3
良性前 列腺增 生实行 临床路径 的费用控 制管理研 究
梁 雪平
( 广东省江 门市 中心 医院,广东 江 门 5 2 9 0 3 0 )

泌尿外科临床路径(13个)

泌尿外科临床路径(13个)

肾癌临床路径〔20##版〕一、肾癌临床路径标准住院流程〔一〕适用对象.第一诊断为肾癌〔ICD-10:C64,D09.101〕行腹腔镜肾癌根治术〔ICD-9-CM-3:55.5107〕〔二〕诊断依据.根据《中国泌尿外科疾病诊断治疗指南》〔中华医学会泌尿外科学分会编著,人民卫生,20##〕1.病史.2.体格检查.3.实验室检查与影像学检查.〔三〕选择治疗方案的依据.根据《中国泌尿外科疾病诊断治疗指南》〔中华医学会泌尿外科学分会编著,人民卫生20##〕1.适合腹腔镜手术.2.能够耐受手术.〔四〕标准住院日为≤12天.〔五〕进入路径标准.1.第一诊断必须符合ICD-10:C64,D09.101肾癌疾病编码.2.当患者合并其他疾病,但住院期间无需特殊处理也不影响第一诊断的临床路径流程实施时,可以进入路径.〔六〕术前准备〔术前评估〕≤3天.术前所必需检查的项目:1.血、尿常规;2.电解质、肝肾功能、血型、凝血功能;3.感染性疾病筛查〔乙肝、丙肝、艾滋病、梅毒等〕;4.胸片,心电图.〔七〕预防性抗菌药物选择与使用时机.按照《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》〔卫医发〔2004〕285号〕执行,并结合患者的病情决定抗菌药物的选择与使用时间.〔八〕手术日为入院≤3天.1.麻醉方式:全麻或联合硬膜外麻醉.2.手术方式:腹腔镜肾癌根治术.3.术中用药:麻醉用药,必要时用抗菌药物.4.输血:必要时.〔九〕术后住院恢复≤9天.1.必须复查的检查项目:血尿常规;根据患者病情变化可选择相应的检查项目.2.术后抗菌药物用药:按照《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》〔卫医发〔2004〕285号〕执行.〔十〕出院标准.1.一般情况良好.2.切口愈合好.〔十一〕变异与原因分析.1.术中、术后出现并发症,需要进一步诊治,导致住院时间延长、费用增加.2.术后原伴随疾病控制不佳,需请相关科室会诊,进一步诊治.3.住院后出现其他内、外科疾病需进一步明确诊断,可进入其他路径.二、肾癌临床路径表单适用对象:第一诊断为肾癌〔ICD-10:C64,D09.101〕行腹腔镜肾癌根治术〔ICD-9-CM-3:55.5107〕患者__ 性别:年龄:门诊号:住院号:住院日期:年月日出院日期:年月日标准住院日≤12 天膀胱肿瘤临床路径〔20##版〕一、膀胱肿瘤临床路径标准住院流程〔一〕适用对象.第一诊断为膀胱肿瘤〔ICD-10:C67, C79.1,D09.0,D30.3,D41.4〕行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术〔TURBT〕〔ICD-9-CM-3:57.4901〕〔二〕诊断依据.根据《中国泌尿外科疾病诊断治疗指南》〔中华医学会泌尿外科学分会编著,人民卫生,20##〕1.病史.2.体格检查.3.实验室检查、影像学检查与/或内窥镜检查.〔三〕选择治疗方案的依据.根据《中国泌尿外科疾病诊断治疗指南》〔中华医学会泌尿外科学分会编著,人民卫生,20##〕1.适合经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术〔TURBT〕.2.能够耐受手术.〔四〕标准住院日为≤8天.〔五〕进入路径标准.1.第一诊断必须符合ICD-10:C67,C79.1,D09.0,D30.3,D41.4膀胱肿瘤疾病编码.2.当患者合并其他疾病诊断,但住院期间无需特殊处理也不影响第一诊断临床路径实施时,可以进入路径.〔六〕术前准备〔术前评估〕≤3天.所必需检查的项目:1.血常规、尿常规;2.电解质、肝肾功能、血型、凝血功能;3.感染性疾病筛查〔乙肝、丙肝、艾滋病、梅毒等〕;4.胸片,心电图.〔七〕预防性抗菌药物选择与使用时机.按照《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》〔卫医发〔2004〕285号〕执行,并结合患者的病情决定抗菌药物的选择与使用时间.〔八〕手术日为入院后≤3天.1.麻醉方式:腰麻或硬膜外麻醉或全麻.2.手术方式:经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术〔TURBT〕.3.术中用药:麻醉用药,必要时用抗菌药物.4.输血:必要时.〔九〕术后住院恢复≤5天.1.必须复查的检查项目:血常规、尿常规;根据患者病情变化可选择相应的检查项目.2.术后抗菌药物应用:按照《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》〔卫医发〔2004〕285号〕执行.〔十〕出院标准.1.一般情况良好.2.拔除尿管.〔十一〕变异与原因分析.1.术中、术后出现并发症,需要进一步诊治,导致住院时间延长、费用增加.2.电切手术效果不满意,需进一步治疗〔如膀胱全切、动脉化疗等〕.3.术后原伴随疾病控制不佳,需请相关科室会诊,进一步诊治.4.住院后出现其他内、外科疾病需进一步明确诊断,可进入其他路径.二、膀胱肿瘤临床路径表单适用对象:第一诊断膀胱肿瘤〔ICD-10:C67, C79.1,D09.0,D30.3,D41.4〕行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术〔TURBT〕〔ICD-9-CM-3:57.4901〕患者__ 性别:年龄:门诊号:住院号:住院日期:年月日出院日期:年月日标准住院日≤8天良性前列腺增生临床路径〔县医院版〕一、良性前列腺增生临床路径标准住院流程〔一〕适用对象.第一诊断为良性前列腺增生〔ICD-10:N40〕行经尿道前列腺电切术〔TURP〕〔ICD-9-CM-3:60.2901〕〔二〕诊断依据.根据《中国泌尿外科疾病诊断治疗指南》〔中华医学会泌尿外科学分会编著,人民卫生,20##〕.1.病史:IPSS、QOL评分.2.体格检查.3.实验室检查与影像学检查.〔三〕选择治疗方案的依据.根据《中国泌尿外科疾病诊断治疗指南》〔中华医学会泌尿外科学分会编著,人民卫生,20##〕.1.适合经尿道前列腺电切术〔TURP〕.2.良性前列腺增生合并膀胱其他病变者〔如结石〕可行开放式前列腺切除术.3.能够耐受手术.〔四〕标准住院日为≤12-14天.〔五〕进入路径标准.1.第一诊断必须符合ICD-10:N40良性前列腺增生疾病编码.2.当患者合并其他疾病,但住院期间不需要特殊处理也不影响第一诊断的临床路径流程实施时,可以进入路径.〔六〕术前准备〔术前评估〕≤2天.1.必需的检查项目:〔1〕血常规、尿常规+镜检;〔2〕电解质、肝功能、肾功能、血型、凝血功能、感染性疾病筛查〔乙肝、丙肝、艾滋病、梅毒等〕、PSA检查;〔3〕胸片、心电图;〔4〕尿动力学检查、尿流率、残余尿量检查.2.根据患者病情可选择:血脂、肺功能、前列腺穿刺检查等.〔七〕抗菌药物选择与使用时机.1.抗菌药物:按照《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》〔卫医发〔2004〕285号〕执行.建议使用第一、二代头孢菌素,环丙沙星;明确感染患者,可根据药敏试验结果调整抗菌药物.〔1〕推荐使用头孢唑林钠肌内或静脉注射:①成人:0.5g-1g/次,一日2-3次;②对本药或其他头孢菌素类药过敏者,对青霉素类药有过敏性休克史者禁用;肝肾功能不全者、有胃肠道疾病史者慎用;③使用本药前须进行皮试.〔2〕推荐头孢呋辛钠肌内或静脉注射:①成人:0.75g-1.5g/次,一日三次;②肾功能不全患者按照肌酐清除率制订给药方案:肌酐清除率>20ml/min者,每日3次,每次0.75-1.5g;肌酐清除率10-20ml/min患者,每次0.75g,一日2次;肌酐清除率<10ml/min患者,每次0.75g,一日1次;③对本药或其他头孢菌素类药过敏者,对青霉素类药有过敏性休克史者禁用;肝肾功能不全者、有胃肠道疾病史者慎用;④使用本药前须进行皮试.〔3〕推荐环丙沙星静脉滴注:100-200mg/次,一日2次,缓慢静脉滴注,滴注时间不少于30分钟.2.预防性用抗菌药物,时间为术前0.5小时,手术超过3小时加用1次抗菌药物;清洁-污染手术预防用药时间亦为24小时,必要时延长至48小时.〔八〕手术日为入院≤3天.1.麻醉方式:腰麻、硬膜外麻醉或全身麻醉.2.手术方式:经尿道前列腺电切术〔TURP〕.3.术中用药:麻醉用药,术前半小时用抗菌药物.4.输血:根据出血情况决定.〔九〕术后住院恢复≤9-11天.1.必须复查的检查项目:血常规、尿常规.2.术后根据患者病情复查残余尿量、尿流率.3.术后抗菌药物应用:按照《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》〔卫医发〔2004〕285号〕执行.〔十〕出院标准.1.一般情况良好.2.拔除尿管后,排尿通畅.3.耻骨上造瘘口无漏尿.〔十一〕变异与原因分析.1.术中、术后出现并发症,需要进一步诊治,导致住院时间延长、费用增加.2.术后出现排尿功能异常,需要进一步诊治,导致住院时间延长、费用增加.3.术后原伴随疾病控制不佳,需请相关科室会诊.4.住院后出现其他内、外科疾病需进一步明确诊断,可进入其他路径.〔十二〕参考费用标准:6000-8500元.二、良性前列腺增生临床路径表单适用对象:第一诊断为良性前列腺增生〔ICD-10:N40〕行经尿道前列腺电切术〔TURP〕术〔ICD-9-CM-3:60.2901〕患者__ 性别:年龄:门诊号:住院号:住院日期:年月日出院日期:年月日标准住院日:≤14天肾结石临床路径〔县医院版〕一、肾结石临床路径标准住院流程〔一〕适用对象.第一诊断为肾结石〔ICD-10:N20.0, N13.201〕行经皮肾镜碎石术〔PCNL〕〔ICD-9-CM-3:55.0402〕.〔二〕诊断依据.根据《中国泌尿外科疾病诊断治疗指南》〔中华医学会泌尿外科学分会编著,人民卫生,20##〕1.病史.2.体格检查.3.实验室检查、影像学检查.〔三〕选择治疗方案的依据.根据《中国泌尿外科疾病诊断治疗指南》〔中华医学会泌尿外科学分会编著,人民卫生,20##〕1.适合行经皮肾镜碎石术〔PCNL〕;2.能够耐受手术.〔四〕标准住院日为≤10天.〔五〕进入路径标准.1.第一诊断必须符合ICD-10:N20.0, N13.201肾结石疾病编码.2.当患者合并其他疾病,但住院期间不需要特殊处理也不影响第一诊断的临床路径流程实施时,可以进入路径.〔六〕术前准备〔术前评估〕≤3天.1.必需检查的项目:〔1〕血常规、尿常规;〔2〕肝肾功能、电解质、血型、凝血功能、感染性疾病筛查〔乙肝、丙肝、艾滋病、梅毒等〕;〔3〕胸部X线平片、心电图.2.根据患者病情可选择项目:腹部X线平片、泌尿系静脉造影、顺行肾盂-输尿管造影、泌尿系超声等.〔七〕预防性抗菌药物选择与使用时机.1.抗菌药物:按照《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》〔卫医发〔2004〕285号〕执行.建议使用第一、二代头孢菌素,环丙沙星;明确感染患者,可根据药敏试验结果调整抗菌药物.〔1〕推荐使用头孢唑林钠肌内或静脉注射:①成人:0.5g-1g/次,一日2-3次;②儿童:一日量为20-30mg/Kg体重,分3-4次给药;③对本药或其他头孢菌素类药过敏者,对青霉素类药有过敏性休克史者禁用;肝肾功能不全者、有胃肠道疾病史者慎用;④使用本药前须进行皮试.〔2〕推荐头孢呋辛钠肌内或静脉注射:①成人:0.75g-1.5g/次,一日三次;②儿童:平均一日剂量为60mg/kg,严重感染可用到100 mg/kg,分3-4次给予;③肾功能不全患者按照肌酐清除率制订给药方案:肌酐清除率>20ml/min者,每日3次,每次0.75-1.5g;肌酐清除率10-20ml/min患者,每次0.75g,一日2次;肌酐清除率<10ml/min患者,每次0.75g,一日1次;④对本药或其他头孢菌素类药过敏者,对青霉素类药有过敏性休克史者禁用;肝肾功能不全者、有胃肠道疾病史者慎用;⑤使用本药前须进行皮试.〔3〕推荐环丙沙星静脉滴注:100-200mg/次,一日2次,缓慢静脉滴注,滴注时间不少于30分钟.2.预防性用抗菌药物,时间为术前0.5小时,手术超过3小时加用1次抗菌药物;清洁-污染手术预防用药时间亦为24小时,必要时延长至48小时.〔八〕手术日为入院第≤3天.1.麻醉方式:硬膜外麻醉或全麻.2.手术方式:经皮肾镜碎石术〔PCNL〕.3.术中用药:麻醉用药,术前半小时应用抗菌药物.4.输血:必要时.〔九〕术后住院恢复≤7天.1.必须复查的检查项目包括血常规、尿常规;根据患者病情变化可选择相应的检查项目.2.术后抗菌药物应用:按照《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》〔卫医发〔2004〕285号〕执行.〔十〕出院标准.1.一般情况良好.2.肾造瘘无漏尿.3.D-J管位置正常.〔十一〕变异与原因分析1.术中、术后出现并发症,需要进一步诊治,导致住院时间延长、费用增加.2.术后出现结石残留,需要进一步诊治,导致住院时间延长、费用增加.3.术后原伴随疾病控制不佳,需请相关科室会诊,进一步诊治.4.住院后出现其他内、外科疾病需进一步明确诊断,可进入其他路径.〔十二〕参考费用标准:8000-12000元.二、肾结石行经皮肾镜碎石术临床路径表单适用对象:第一诊断为肾结石〔ICD-10:N20.0,N13.201〕行经皮肾镜碎石术〔PCNL〕〔ICD-9-CM-3:55.0402〕患者__性别:年龄:门诊号:住院号:输尿管结石临床路径〔20##版〕一、输尿管结石临床路径标准住院流程〔一〕适用对象.第一诊断为输尿管结石〔ICD-10:N20.1, N13.202〕行经输尿管镜碎石取石术〔ICD-9-CM-3:56.0〕〔二〕诊断依据.根据《中国泌尿外科疾病诊断治疗指南》〔中华医学会泌尿外科学分会编著,人民卫生,20##〕1.病史.2.体格检查.3.实验室检查、影像学检查.〔三〕选择治疗方案的依据.根据《中国泌尿外科疾病诊断治疗指南》〔中华医学会泌尿外科学分会编著,人民卫生,20##〕1.适合行经输尿管镜碎石取石术.2.能够耐受手术.〔四〕标准住院日为≤7天.〔五〕进入路径标准.1.第一诊断必须符合ICD-10:N20.1, N13.202输尿管结石疾病编码.2.当患者同时具有其他疾病诊断,但在住院期间不需要特殊处理也不影响第一诊断的临床路径流程实施时,可以进入路径.〔六〕术前准备〔术前评估〕≤3天.术前所必须检查的项目:1.血常规、尿常规;2.电解质、肝肾功能、血型、凝血功能;3.感染性疾病筛查〔乙肝、丙肝、艾滋病、梅毒等〕;4.胸片、心电图.〔七〕预防性抗菌药物选择与使用时机.按照《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》〔卫医发〔2004〕285号〕执行,并结合患者的病情决定抗菌药物的选择与使用时间.〔八〕手术日为入院第≤3天.1.麻醉方式:硬膜外麻醉或全麻.2.手术方式:经输尿管镜碎石取石术.3.术中用药:麻醉用药,必要时用抗菌药物.4.输血:必要时.〔九〕术后住院恢复≤4天.1.必须复查的检查项目:血常规、尿常规、KUB;根据患者病情变化可选择相应的检查项目.2.术后抗菌药物应用:按照《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》〔卫医发〔2004〕285号〕执行.〔十〕出院标准.1.一般情况良好.2.D-J管位置正常.〔十一〕变异与原因分析.1.术中、术后出现并发症,需要进一步诊治,导致住院时间延长、费用增加.2.术后出现结石残留,需要进一步诊治,导致住院时间延长、费用增加.3.术后原伴随疾病控制不佳,需请相关科室会诊,进一步诊治.4.住院后出现其他内、外科疾病需进一步明确诊断,可进入其他路径.二、输尿管结石临床路径表单适用对象:第一诊断为输尿管结石〔ICD-10:N20.1,N13.202〕行经输尿管镜碎石取石术〔ICD-9-CM-3:56.0〕患者__性别:年龄:门诊号:住院号:住院日期:年月日出院日期:年月日标准住院日:≤7天睾丸鞘膜积液临床路径标准〔2010版〕一、睾丸鞘膜积液临床路径标准住院流程〔一〕适用对象.第一诊断为睾丸鞘膜积液〔ICD-10:N43.301〕.行睾丸鞘膜翻转术〔ICD-9-CM-3:61.4901〕或睾丸鞘膜切除术〔ICD-9-CM-3:61.2〕.〔二〕诊断依据.根据《临床诊疗指南-泌尿外科分册》〔中华医学会编著,人民卫生〕.1.病史.2.超声检查.〔三〕选择治疗方案的依据.根据《临床技术操作规X-泌尿外科分册》〔中华医学会编著,人民军医〕.1.符合手术适应症.2.能够耐受手术.〔四〕标准住院日为≤5天.〔五〕进入路径标准.1.第一诊断必须符合ICD-10:N43.301睾丸鞘膜积液疾病编码.2.当患者合并其他疾病,但住院期间不需要特殊处理也不影响第一诊断的临床路径流程实施时,可以进入路径.〔六〕术前准备≤2天.1.术前必须检查的项目:〔1〕血常规、尿常规;〔2〕电解质、肝功能测定、肾功能测定、凝血功能;〔3〕感染性疾病筛查〔乙肝、丙肝、艾滋病、梅毒等〕;〔4〕X线胸片、心电图.2.根据患者病情可选择的检查项目:甲胎蛋白〔AFP〕测定、性激素测定等.〔七〕抗菌药物选择与使用时间.按照《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》〔卫医发〔2004〕285号〕执行,并结合患者的病情决定抗菌药物的选择与使用时间.建议使用第一、二代头孢菌素,环丙沙星.〔八〕手术日为入院≤3天.1.麻醉方式:根据患者具体情况决定.2.手术方式:睾丸鞘膜翻转术或睾丸鞘膜切除术.3.术中用药:麻醉用药、抗菌药物等.4.输血:必要时.〔九〕术后住院恢复≤2天.1.根据患者病情变化可选择相应的检查项目.2.术后用药:〔1〕术后抗菌药物用药:按照《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》〔卫医发〔2004〕285号〕执行,建议使用第一、二代头孢菌素,环丙沙星.〔2〕止痛药物.〔十〕出院标准.1.一般情况良好.2.伤口无异常.〔十一〕变异与原因分析.1.术中、术后出现并发症,需要进一步诊治,导致住院时间延长、费用增加.2.术后原伴随疾病控制不佳,需请相关科室会诊,进一步诊治.3.住院后出现其他内、外科疾病需进一步明确诊断,可进入其他路径.二、睾丸鞘膜积液临床路径表单适用对象:第一诊断为睾丸鞘膜积液〔ICD-10:N43.301〕行睾丸鞘膜翻转术〔ICD-9-CM-3:61.4901〕或睾丸鞘膜切除术〔ICD-9-CM-3:61.2〕患者__ 性别:年龄:门诊号:住院号:住院日期:年月日出院日期:年月日标准住院日≤5 天精索静脉曲X临床路径〔20##版〕一、精索静脉曲X临床路径标准住院流程〔一〕适用对象.第一诊断为精索静脉曲X〔ICD-10: I86.101〕.行精索静脉曲X结扎术〔非腹腔镜〕〔ICD-9-CM-3:63.1 01〕.〔二〕诊断依据.根据《临床诊疗指南-泌尿外科分册》〔中华医学会编著,人民卫生〕.1.病史.2.彩色多普勒超声检查.3.精液常规.〔三〕选择治疗方案的依据.根据《临床技术操作规X-泌尿外科分册》〔中华医学会编著,人民军医〕.1.符合手术适应症.2.能够耐受手术.〔四〕标准住院日为≤5天.〔五〕进入路径标准.1.第一诊断必须符合ICD-10:I86.101精索静脉曲X疾病编码.2.当患者合并其他疾病,但住院期间不需要特殊处理也不影响第一诊断的临床路径流程实施时,可以进入路径.〔六〕术前准备≤2天.术前必须检查的项目:1.血常规、尿常规;2.电解质、肝肾功能、血型、凝血功能;3.感染性疾病筛查〔乙肝、丙肝、艾滋病、梅毒等〕;4.X线胸片,心电图.〔七〕预防性抗菌药物选择与使用时机.按照《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》〔卫医发〔2004〕285号〕执行,并结合患者的病情决定抗菌药物的选择与使用时间.建议使用第一、二代头孢菌素,环丙沙星.〔八〕手术日为入院≤3天.1.麻醉方式:根据患者具体情况决定.2.手术方式:精索静脉曲X结扎术.3.术中用药:麻醉用药,抗菌药物等.4.输血:必要时.〔九〕术后住院恢复≤2天.1.必须复查的检查项目:血常规、尿常规.2.根据患者病情变化可选择相应的检查项目.3.术后用药:〔1〕术后抗菌药物:按照《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》〔卫医发〔2004〕285号〕执行,建议使用第一、二代头孢菌素,环丙沙星.〔2〕止痛药物.〔十〕出院标准.1.一般情况良好.2.伤口无异常.〔十一〕变异与原因分析.1.术中、术后出现并发症,需要进一步诊治,导致住院时间延长、费用增加.2.术后原伴随疾病控制不佳,需请相关科室会诊,进一步诊治.3.住院后出现其他内、外科疾病需进一步明确诊断,可进入其他路径.二、精索静脉曲X临床路径表单适用对象:第一诊断为精索静脉曲X[微软用户1]〔ICD-10:I86.101〕行精索静脉曲X结扎术〔非腹腔镜[微软用户2]ICD-9-CM-3:63.101〕患者__性别:年龄:门诊号:住院号:住院日期:年月日出院日期:年月日标准住院日≤5 天精索鞘膜积液临床路径标准〔2010版〕一、精索鞘膜积液临床路径标准住院流程〔一〕适用对象.第一诊断为精索鞘膜积液〔ICD-10:N43.302〕.行精索鞘膜翻转术〔ICD-9-CM-3:63.59〕或精索鞘膜切除术〔ICD-9-CM-3:63.1〕.〔二〕诊断依据.根据《临床诊疗指南-泌尿外科分册》〔中华医学会编著,人民卫生〕.1.病史.2.超声检查.〔三〕选择治疗方案的依据.根据《临床技术操作规X-泌尿外科分册》〔中华医学会编著,人民军医〕.1.符合手术适应症.2.能够耐受手术.〔四〕标准住院日为≤5天.〔五〕进入路径标准.1.第一诊断必须符合ICD-10:N43.302精索鞘膜积液疾病编码.2.当患者合并其他疾病,但住院期间不需要特殊处理也不影响第一诊断的临床路径流程实施时,可以进入路径.〔六〕术前准备≤2天.1.术前所必须检查的项目:〔1〕血常规、尿常规;〔2〕电解质、肝肾功能、凝血功能;〔3〕感染性疾病筛查〔乙肝、丙肝、艾滋病、梅毒等〕;〔4〕X线胸片、心电图.2.根据病情可选择精液检查等.〔七〕选择用药.按照《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》〔卫医发〔2004〕285号〕执行,并结合患者的病情决定抗菌药物的选择与使用时间.建议使用第一、二代头孢菌素,环丙沙星.〔八〕手术日为入院≤3天.1.麻醉方式:根据患者具体情况决定.2.手术方式:精索鞘膜翻转术或精索鞘膜切除术.3.术中用药:麻醉用药,抗菌药物等.4.输血:必要时.〔九〕术后住院恢复≤2天.1.必须复查的检查项目:血常规、尿常规.2.根据患者病情变化可选择相应的检查项目.3.术后用药:〔1〕术后抗菌药物:按照《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》〔卫医发〔2004〕285号〕执行,建议使用第一、二代头孢菌素,环丙沙星.〔2〕止痛药物.〔十〕出院标准.1.一般情况良好.2.伤口无异常.〔十一〕变异与原因分析.1.术中、术后出现并发症,需要进一步诊治,导致住院时间延长、费用增加.2.术后原伴随疾病控制不佳,需请相关科室会诊,进一步诊治.3.住院后出现其他内、外科疾病需进一步明确诊断,可进入其他路径.二、精索鞘膜积液临床路径表单适用对象:第一诊断为精索鞘膜积液〔ICD-10:N43.302〕行手术精索鞘膜翻转术〔ICD-9-CM-3:63.59〕或精索鞘膜切除术〔ICD-9-CM-3:63.1〕患者__性别:年龄:门诊号:住院号:住院日期:年月日出院日期:年月日标准住院日≤5天前列腺癌临床路径〔20##版〕一、前列腺癌临床路径标准住院流程〔一〕适用对象.第一诊断为前列腺癌〔ICD-10:C61〕行开放前列腺癌根治术〔ICD-9-CM-3:60.5〕. 〔二〕诊断依据.根据《2009版中国泌尿外科疾病诊断治疗指南》〔人民卫生,20##〕.1.病史.2.体格检查.3.实验室检查与影像学检查,包括总前列腺特异性抗原〔TPSA〕和游离前列腺特异性抗原〔FPSA〕等相关肿瘤标志物测定.4.前列腺穿刺活检与病理检查.〔三〕选择治疗方案的依据.1.适合行开放前列腺癌根治术.2.能够耐受手术.〔四〕临床路径标准住院日为≤17天.〔五〕进入路径标准.1.第一诊断必须符合ICD-10:C61前列腺癌疾病编码.2.当患者合并其他疾病,但住院期间不需要特殊处理也不影响第一诊断的临床路径流程实施时,可以进入路径.〔六〕术前准备≤3天.1.术前必须检查的项目:〔1〕血常规、尿常规、粪便常规+隐血试验;〔2〕电解质、肝功能测定、肾功能测定、血型、凝血功能;〔3〕感染性疾病筛查〔乙肝、丙肝、艾滋病、梅毒等〕;〔4〕X线胸片、心电图;〔5〕相关影像学检查;〔6〕放射核素骨扫描.2.根据患者病情可选择的检查项目:超声心动图、心功能测定〔如B型钠尿肽<BNP>测定、B型钠尿肽前体<PRO-BNP>测定等〕、肺功能、血气分析等.〔七〕抗菌药物选择与使用时间.按照《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》〔卫医发〔2004〕285号〕执行,并结合患者的病情决定抗菌药物的选择与使用时间.建议使用第一、二代头孢菌素,环丙沙星.如可疑感染,需做相应的微生物学检查,必要时做药敏试验.〔八〕手术日为入院≤3天.1.麻醉方式:全麻和/或硬膜外麻醉.2.手术方式:开放前列腺癌根治术.3.术中用药:麻醉用药等.4.输血:必要时.输血前需行血型鉴定、抗体筛选和交叉合血.〔九〕术后住院恢复≤14天.1.必须复查的检查项目:血常规、尿常规、TPSA和FPSA 等肿瘤标志物测定.2.根据患者病情变化可选择相应的检查项目.3.术后抗菌药物用药:按照《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》〔卫医发〔2004〕285号〕执行,建议使用第一、二代头孢菌素,环丙沙星.如可疑感染,需做相应的微生物学检查,必要时做药敏试验.〔十〕出院标准.1.一般情况良好.2.切口无感染.〔十一〕变异与原因分析.1.术中、术后出现并发症,需要进一步诊治,导致住院时间延长、费用增加.2.术后原伴随疾病控制不佳,需请相关科室会诊和治疗,进一步诊治.3.住院后出现其他内、外科疾病需进一步明确诊断,可进入其他路径.4.曾行前列腺放疗或经尿道电切手术的患者不进入本路径.二、前列腺癌临床路径表单适用对象:第一诊断为前列腺癌〔ICD-10:C61〕行开放前列腺癌根治术〔ICD-9-CM-3:60.5〕患者__性别:年龄:门诊号:住院号:住院日期:年月日出院日期:年月日标准住院日≤17 天。

临床路径实施方案

临床路径实施方案

平顶山市第一人民医院临床路径实施方案为规范医护人员执业行为,加强医疗质量管理,保障医疗安全,提高卫生资源利用效率,控制和降低临床常见病医药费用,减轻患者负担,根据卫生部《临床路径管理指导原则(试行)》等文件精神,结合我院实际,制订临床路径管理实施方案。

一、临床路径定义与内容临床路径是医生、护士和其他人员共同制定的针对某种诊断或手术所做的最适当的有顺序性和时间性的整体服务计划,是标准化诊疗护理流程,是医院实施实时质量管理的最简单易行的方式。

目的是使患者获得最佳的服务、减少康复的延迟和资源的浪费。

它主要是针对ICD 码对应的病种或某种手术使用标准化的、综合多学科的过程来调整医疗行为,对病人的诊断,包括多种检查、治疗及护理要依据预先指定的基于时间或治疗结果的流程表顺序进行,在规定的时间、预算的费用内达到预定的治疗结果。

临床路径的内容包括预期结果、评估、多学科的服务措施、病人与其家人的相关教育、会诊、营养、用药、活动、检验与检查、治疗和出院计划以及变异的记录等内容。

二、总体目标通过临床路径管理实现医疗服务诊疗护理常规的标准化,提高工作效率和内涵质量。

通过明确病种的诊疗护理操作规程,使医护人员行为规范化、标准化,有效避免乱开药、滥检查等过度治疗现象,同时增进医患沟通,建立和谐医患关系,合理使用医疗资源,控制非必要医疗支出。

三、指导思想以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导,深入贯彻落实科学发展观,坚持“以人为本”,落实深化医药卫生体制改革相关工作,贯彻国家基本药物制度,进一步规范临床诊疗行为,不断提高医疗质量和效率,保障医疗安全,为人民群众提供安全、有效、方便、价廉的医疗服务。

四、临床路径实施(一)成立组织,明确职责1.成立临床路径管理委员会组长:马金生副组长:李智伟高克毅王大峰成员:马金生李智伟高克毅王大峰段新杰王震宇吴会战李庆民刘海静何清芳刘贵炎马建军宁雪光张洪辉高菲孙兰香赵毅杨双合唐志军孙云峰曹飞陈艳红院成立临床路径管理办公室,设在医教部。

泌尿外科基本诊疗路径

泌尿外科基本诊疗路径

推荐意见:轻度下尿路症状(I-PSS评分≤7)的患者,以 及中度以上症状(I-PSS评分≥8)同时生活质量尚未受到明 显影响的患者可以采用观察等待。 接受观察等待之前,患者应进行全面检查(初始评估 的各项内容)以除外各种BPH相关并发症。
(四)治疗方案——观察等待
观察等待的内容
(1)患者教育:应该向接受观察等待的患者提供BPH疾病相关知识, 包括下尿路症状和BPH的临床进展,特别应该让患者了解观察等待的效
果和预后。同时还应该提供前列腺癌的相关知识。BPH患者通常更关注
前列腺癌发生的危险,研究结果显示有下尿路症状人群中前列腺癌的检 出率与无症状的同龄人群无差别。
(2)生活方式的指导: 适当限制饮水可以缓解尿频症状,例如夜间
和出席公共社交场合时限水。但每日水的摄入不应少于1500ml。酒精和
咖啡具有利尿和刺激作用,可以引起尿量增多、尿频、尿急等症状,因 此应适当限制酒精类和含咖啡因类饮料的摄入。指导排空膀胱的技巧, 如重复排尿等。精神放松训练,把注意力从排尿的欲望中转移开。膀胱
一天一次,至血尿症状缓解。
(五)治疗方案的选择及依据
(4)环丙沙星★静脉滴注:100-200mg/次,一日2次,缓慢 静脉滴注,滴注时间不少于30分钟。若出现白细胞升高、合并 尿路感染时,改用第三代头孢行抗感染治疗。
(5)结石通胶囊☆或排石颗粒★口服,治疗期间嘱患者大量
饮水,每天至少饮水2500毫升以上,同时进行跳跃活动,如双 脚蹦楼梯、跳绳等。通过尿液的冲洗及跳跃时产生的振动等作 用促使结石排出。
BPH患者药物治疗的短期目标是缓解患者的下尿路症状,
长期目标是延缓疾病的临床进展,预防并发症的发生。在
减少药物治疗副作用的同时保持患者较高的生活质量是 BPH药物治疗的总体目标。

泌尿外科临床路径(13个)

泌尿外科临床路径(13个)

肾癌临床路径(2009年版)一、肾癌临床路径标准住院流程(一)适用对象。

第一诊断为肾癌(ICD-10:C64,D09.101)行腹腔镜肾癌根治术(ICD-9-CM-3:55.5107)(二)诊断依据。

根据《中国泌尿外科疾病诊断治疗指南》(中华医学会泌尿外科学分会编著,人民卫生出版社,2007年)1.病史。

2.体格检查。

3.实验室检查及影像学检查。

(三)选择治疗方案的依据。

根据《中国泌尿外科疾病诊断治疗指南》(中华医学会泌尿外科学分会编著,人民卫生出版社2007年)1.适合腹腔镜手术。

2.能够耐受手术。

(四)标准住院日为≤12天。

(五)进入路径标准。

1.第一诊断必须符合ICD-10:C64,D09.101肾癌疾病编码。

2.当患者合并其他疾病,但住院期间无需特殊处理也不影响第一诊断的临床路径流程实施时,可以进入路径。

(六)术前准备(术前评估)≤3天。

术前所必需检查的项目:1.血、尿常规;2.电解质、肝肾功能、血型、凝血功能;3.感染性疾病筛查(乙肝、丙肝、艾滋病、梅毒等);4.胸片,心电图。

(七)预防性抗菌药物选择与使用时机。

按照《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》(卫医发〔2004〕285号)执行,并结合患者的病情决定抗菌药物的选择与使用时间。

(八)手术日为入院≤3天。

1.麻醉方式:全麻或联合硬膜外麻醉。

2.手术方式:腹腔镜肾癌根治术。

3.术中用药:麻醉用药,必要时用抗菌药物。

4.输血:必要时。

(九)术后住院恢复≤9天。

1.必须复查的检查项目:血尿常规;根据患者病情变化可选择相应的检查项目。

2.术后抗菌药物用药:按照《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》(卫医发〔2004〕285号)执行。

(十)出院标准。

1.一般情况良好。

2.切口愈合好。

(十一)变异及原因分析。

1.术中、术后出现并发症,需要进一步诊治,导致住院时间延长、费用增加。

2.术后原伴随疾病控制不佳,需请相关科室会诊,进一步诊治。

3.住院后出现其他内、外科疾病需进一步明确诊断,可进入其他路径。

EAU-良性前列腺增生指南2004 2009

EAU-良性前列腺增生指南2004 2009

Guidelines onBenignProstaticHyperplasia J. de la Rosette, G. Alivizatos, S. Madersbacher,C. Rioja Sanz, J. Nordling, M. Emberton,S. Gravas, M.C. Michel, M. Oelke © European Association of Urology 2009TABLE OF CONTENTS pAgE 1. Background 51.1 Prevalence 51.2 Is BPH a progressive disorder? 51.2.1 Indicators of progression 61.2.2 conclusions 71.2.3 references 72. rISk FacTorS 92.1 For developing the disease 92.2 For surgical treatment 92.3 references 103. aSSESSMEnT 103.1 Symptom scores 113.1.1 International Prostate Symptom Score (I-PPS) 113.1.2 Quality-of-life assessment 113.1.3 Symptom score as decision tool for treatment 113.1.4 Symptom score as outcome predictor 113.1.5 conclusions 123.1.6 recommendations 123.1.7 references 123.2 Prostate specific antigen (PSa) measurement 123.2.1 Factors influencing the serum levels of PSa 123.2.2 PSa and prediction of prostatic volume 123.2.3 PSa and probability of having prostate cancer 123.2.4 PSa and prediction of BPH-related outcomes 123.2.5 conclusions 123.2.6 recommendation 133.2.7 references 133.3 creatinine measurement 143.3.1 conclusions 143.3.2 references 143.4 urinalysis 153.4.1 recommendation 153.5 digital rectal examination (drE) 153.5.1 drE and cancer detection 153.5.2 drE and prostate size evaluation 163.5.3 conclusions and recommendations 163.5.4 references 163.6 Imaging of the urinary tract 173.6.1 upper urinary tract 173.6.2 Lower urinary tract 183.6.3 urethra 183.6.4 Prostate 183.6.5 references 183.7 Voiding charts (diaries) 203.7.1 conclusions 203.7.2 references 203.8 uroflowmetry 203.8.1 references 213.9 Post-void residual volume (PVr) 213.10 urodynamic studies 213.10.1 outcome 213.10.2 conclusions 223.10.3 references 223.11 Endoscopy 233.11.1 LuTS caused by bladder outlet obstruction 233.11.2 Morbidity of urethrocystoscopy 23 2 uPdaTE MarcH 20043.11.3 relationship between trabeculation and peak flow rate 233.11.4 relationship between trabeculation and symptoms 233.11.5 relationship between trabeculation and prostate size 233.11.6 relationship between trabeculation and obstruction 233.11.7 Bladder diverticula and obstruction 243.11.8 Bladder stones and obstruction 243.11.9 Intravesical pathology 243.11.10 conclusions 243.11.11 references 243.12 recommendations for assessment 254. TrEaTMEnT 264.1 Watchful waiting (WW) 264.1.1 Patient selection 264.1.2 Education, reassurance and periodic monitoring 264.1.3 Lifestyle advice 274.1.4 conclusions 274.1.5 references 274.2 Medical treatment 284.2.1 5-alpha reductase inhibitors 284.2.1.1 Finasteride (type 2, 5-alpha reductase inhibitor) 284.2.1.1.1 Efficacy and clinical endpoints 284.2.1.1.2 Haematuria and finasteride 284.2.1.1.3 Side-effects 284.2.1.1.4 Effect on PSa 294.2.1.2 dutasteride 294.2.1.3 combination therapy 294.2.1.4 conclusions 294.2.1.5 references 304.2.2 alpha-blockers 324.2.2.1 uroselectivity 324.2.2.2 Mechanism of action 324.2.2.3 Pharmacokinetics 334.2.2.4 assessment 334.2.2.5 clinical efficacy 334.2.2.6 durability 334.2.2.7 adverse effects 334.2.2.8 acute urinary retention 334.2.2.9 conclusions 334.2.2.10 references 344.2.3 Phytotherapeutic agents 344.2.3.1 conclusions 344.2.3.2 references 354.3 Surgical management 354.3.1 Indications for surgery 354.3.2 choice of surgical technique 354.3.3 Perioperative antibiotics 364.3.4 Treatment outcome 364.3.5 complications 364.3.6 Long-term outcome 364.3.7 conclusions and recommendations 374.3.8 references 374.4 Lasers 384.4.1 Laser types 384.4.2 right-angle fibres 384.4.3 Interstitial Laser coagulation (ILc) 394.4.4 Holmium laser resection of the prostate (HoLrP) 404.4.5 conclusions 414.4.6 references 41 uPdaTE MarcH 2004 34.5 Transrectal high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFu) 434.5.1 assessment 434.5.2 Procedure 434.5.3 Morbidity/complications 434.5.4 outcome 444.5.5 urodynamics 444.5.6 Quality of life and sexual function 444.5.7 durability 444.5.8 Patient selection 444.5.9 conclusions 454.5.10 references 454.6 Transurethral needle ablation (Tuna®) 464.6.1 assessment 464.6.2 Procedure 464.6.3 Morbidity/complications 464.6.4 outcome 464.6.5 randomized clinical trials 464.6.6 Impact on bladder outflow obstruction 464.6.7 durability 464.6.8 Patient selection 464.6.9 conclusions 464.6.10 references 474.7 Transurethral microwave therapy (TuMT) 474.7.1 assessment 474.7.2 Procedure 474.7.3 The microwave thermotherapy principle 484.7.4 Morbidity 484.7.5 High-intensity-dose-protocol 494.7.6 Prostatic temperature feedback treatment 494.7.7 durability 494.7.8 Patient selection 494.7.9 conclusions 494.7.10 references 494.8 recommendations for treatment 505. FoLLoW-uP 525.1 Watchful waiting 525.2 alpha-blocker therapy 525.3 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors 525.4 Surgical management 525.5 alternative therapies 526. aBBrEVIaTIonS uSEd In THE TEXT 53 4 uPdaTE MarcH 20041. BACKgROUNDBenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a condition intimately related to ageing (1). although it is not life-threatening, its clinical manifestation as lower urinary tract symptoms (LuTS) reduces the patient’s quality of life (2). Troublesome LuTS can occur in up to 30% of men older than 65 years (3).1.1 prevalencealthough many epidemiological clinical studies have been conducted worldwide over the last 20 years, the prevalence of clinical BPH remains difficult to determine. a standardized clinical definition of BPH is lacking, which makes it intrinsically difficult to perform adequate epidemiological studies. among the published epidemiological studies, some include probability samples from an entire country, while others represent age-stratified random samples or enroll participants from general practice, hospital populations or responders to selective screening programmes. There is also a lack of homogeneity among these studies in the way in which BPH is assessed, with different questionnaires and methods of administration.Barry et al. have provided the histological prevalence of BPH, based on a review of five studies relating age to histological findings in human male prostate glands (4). Histological BPH was not found in men under the age of 30 years but its incidence rose with age, reaching a peak in the ninth decade. at that age, BPH was found in 88% of histological samples (4). a palpable enlargement of the prostate has been foundin up to 20% of males in their 60s and in 43% in their 80s (5); however, prostate enlargement is not always related to clinical symptoms (2).clinical BPH is a highly prevalent disease. By the age of 60 years, nearly 60% of the cohort of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of aging had some degree of clinical BPH (6). In the uSa, results of the olmstead county survey, in a sample of unselected caucasian men aged 40-79 years, showed that moderate-to-severe symptoms can occur among 13% of men aged 40-49 years and among 28% of those older than 70 years (1). In canada, 23% of the cohort studied presented with moderate-to-severe symptoms (7). The findings for prevalence of LuTS in Europe are similar to those in the uSa. In Scotland and in the area of Maastricht, the netherlands, the prevalence of symptoms increased from 14% of men in their 40s to 43% in their 60s (8,9). depending on the sample, the prevalence of moderate-to-severe symptoms varies from 14% in France to 30% in the netherlands (10,11). The proportion of men with moderate-to-severe symptoms doubles with each decade of life (10). Preliminary results of one of the most recent European epidemiological studies on the prevalence of LuTS show that approximately 30% of german males aged 50-80 years present with moderate-to-severe symptoms according to the International Prostate Symptom Score (i.e. I-PSS > 7) (12).a multicentre study performed in different countries in asia showed that the age-specific percentages of men with moderate-to-severe symptoms were higher than those in america (13,14). The prevalence increases from 18% for men in their 40s to 56% for those in their 70s (13). curiously, the average weight of Japanese glands seemed to be smaller than those of their american counterparts (15). despite methodological differences, some conclusions can be drawn from the studies mentioned above:• Mild urinary symptoms are very common among men aged 50 years and older• Mild symptoms are associated with little bother, while moderate and severe symptoms are associated with increasingly higher levels of inconvenience and interference with living activities (16)• The same symptoms can cause different troublesome and daily living interference (17)• The correlation between symptoms, prostate size and urinary flow rate is relatively low (18).It must be stressed that there is still a need for an epidemiological definition of BPH and its true incidence has yet to be determined (19).1.2 Is BpH a progressive disorder?as it is almost impossible to obtain agreement on what it is that defines a man with LuTS/BPH, it seems logical to say that progression cannot be defined in terms of a transition from non-cases to cases. Instead, progression must be measured by documenting deterioration in any number of physiological variables that we associate with the LuTS/BPH syndrome. Traditionally these have included the following:• decrease in maximum flow rate• increase in residual volume• increase in prostate size• deterioration (increase) in symptom score.In addition, definable events, such as the occurrence of acute urinary retention or prostate surgery, have been used. Less commonly, changes in urodynamic variables and deterioration in disease-specific quality of life have been advocated. considerable interest currently rests with PSa. It appears to be as good a predictor of progression as any of the variables mentioned above.uPdaTE MarcH 2004 51.2.1 Indicators of progressionThe strongest evidence to support progression comes from the olmsted county (20) community-based study and the PLESS placebo group (21).The strength of evidence for individual parameters as indicators of progression is summarised in Table 1 and is categorised as strong, weak, or none. The actual rates of progression of the individual parametersas determined from the papers reviewed is shown in Table 2. These parameters could potentially be used in decisions about treatment management. Patients who show signs of more pronounced disease progression could be targeted for preventative strategies. The same strategy could be applied to patients who are at increased risk of progression based on recognised risk factors.risk factors for progression were found to be age (olmsted county), PSa (PLESS) and prostate volume (combined 2-year placebo analysis). other baseline risk factors can be identified, such as symptom severity and decreased urinary flow rate, but current data are not as convincing as those for age, PSa level and prostate volume.Several other complications, such as renal impairment and bladder dysfunction, have been associated with progression of BPH. although these are important, they are very rare and therefore could not be evaluated accurately in community-based and clinical studies. The evidence for the progression of BPH has been summarised previously (22).Table 1: Strength of evidence for specific parameters as indicators of progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BpH)parameter Community- based studies Clinical trials LuTS I-PSS S n/W*BII S n/nQoL n W/S*BPE drE n nTruS S SMrI n S/S*Boo Qmax S W/S*BPH Histology n/a n/a Miscellaneous aur S S/S*Surgery S W/S*crossover/treatment S n*Conditional risk factors: age and prostate-specific antigen (PSA); S = strong; W = weak; N = no evidence;N/A = not available.AUR = acute urinary retention; BOO = bladder outlet obstruction; BPE = benign prostatic enlargement;BII = BPH Impact Index; DRE = digital rectal examination; I-PSS = International Prostate Symptom Score; LUTS = lower urinary tract symptoms; MRI = magnetic resonance imaging; Qmax = maximum flow rate;QoL = quality of life; TRUS = transrectal ultrasonography.Table 2: Rates of progression of individual parameters in BpHStudy Rate of progressionLUTS Flow rate prostate Acute urinary retention a Surgery a(points) size (Incidence/1000 (Incidence/1000person years) person years)40-49 > 70 40-49 > 70years years years years olmsted 0.18 -2% 1.9% 3.0 34.7 0.3 10.9 (20, 23-26) per year per year per yearHealth Pro- nr nr nr 3.3 11.3 nr nr fessional (27)PLESS (28) -1.3 in +0.2 mL/s +14% 7% over 4 years 10% over 4 years4 years b in 4 years b in 4 years2-year studies nr nr nr 1.6-4.2%c nr(22, 29-32) 0.5-3.9%dnorth ame- nr nr nr nr 10-39%erican (33)a Men with moderate to severe symptoms.b F low rate and LUTS responded to placebo treatment by showing an initial improvement, which deteriorated6 uPdaTE MarcH 2004baseline during the course of the placebo-controlled trial.c According to baseline prostate volume.d According to baseline prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level.LUTS = lower urinary tract symptoms; NR = not reported.1.2.2 ConclusionsBased on published data on consequences and complications of the disease, BPH can be considered a progressive disease. There are limited published data on longitudinal studies and the key pieces of evidence that support this notion are the olmsted county and PLESS studies. a group of patients at increased risk of progression can be identified based on specific risk factors, i.e. age, PSa level and prostate volume. It might be appropriate to identify these patients at risk of progression and initiate early preventative treatment.1.2.3 References1. chute cg, Panser La, girman cJ, oesterling JE, guess Ha, Jacobsen SJ, Lieber MM. The prevalenceof prostatism: a population based survey of urinary symptoms. J urol 1993;150(1):85-9./pubmed/76854272. donovan JL, kay HE, Peters TJ, abrama P, coast J, Matos-Ferreira a, rentzhog L, Bosch JL,nordling J, gajewski JB, Barbalias g, Schick E, Silva MM, nissenkorn I, de la rosette JJ. usingthe IcSQoL to measure the impact of lower urinary tract symptoms on quality of life: evidence fromthe IcS-‘BPH’ study. International continence Society - Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Br J urol1997;80(5):712-21./pubmed/93932913. chapple cr. BPH disease management. Eur urol 1999; 36(Suppl 3):1-6./ProduktedB/produkte.asp?aktion=Showabstract&artikelnr=52342&ausgab e=227835&Produktnr=2240834. Berry SJ, coffey dS, Walsh Pc, Ewing LL. The development of human benign prostatic hyperplasiawith age. J urol 1984;132(3):474-9./pubmed/62062405. Lytton B, Emery JM, Harvard BM. The incidence of benign prostatic obstruction. J urol1968;99(5):639-45./pubmed/41719506. arrighi HM, Metter EJ, guess Ha, Fozzard JL. natural history of benign prostatic hyperplasia and riskof prostatectomy, the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of aging. urology 1991;35(Suppl):4-8./pubmed/17146577. norman rW, nickel Jc, Fish d, Pickett Sn. Prostate-related symptoms in canadian men 50 years ofage or older: prevalence and relationships among symptoms. Br J urol 1994;74(5):542-50./pubmed/75301158. garraway WM, collins gn, Lee rJ. High prevalence of benign prostatic hypertrophy in the community.Lancet 1991;338(8765):469-71./pubmed/17145299. Wolfs gg, knottnerus Ja, Janknegt ra. Prevalence and detection of micturition problems among2,734 elderly men. J urol 1994;152(5 Pt 1):1467-70./pubmed/793318510. Sagnier PP, McFarlane g, Teillac P, Botto H, richard F, Boyle P. Impact of symptoms of prostatismon level of bother and quality of life of men in the French community. J urol 1995;153(3 Pt 1):669-73./pubmed/753223011. Bosch JL, Hop Wc, kirkels WJ, Schröder FH. The international prostate symptom score in acommunity-based sample of men between fifty-five and seventy-four years of age. Prevalence andcorrelation of symptoms with age, prostate volume, flow rate and residual urine volume. Br J urol1995;75(5):622-30./pubmed/754213212. Berges rr, Pientka L. Management of the BPH syndrome in germany: who is treated and how? Eururol 1999; 36(Suppl 3):21-7./pubmed/1055962713. Homma Y, kawabe k, Tsukamoto T, Yamanaka H, okada k, okajima E, Yoshida o, kumazawa J,gu FL, Lee c, Hsu Tc, dela cruz rc, Tantiwang a, Lim PH, Sheikh Ma, Bapat Sd, Marshall Vr,Tajima k, aso Y. Epidemiologic survey of lower urinary tract symptoms in asia and australia using the International Prostate Symptom Score. Int urol 1997;4(4):40-6./pubmed/9179665uPdaTE MarcH 2004 714. Tsukamoto T, kumamoto Y, Masumori n, Miyakr H, rhodes T, girman gJ, guess Ha, Jacobsen SJ,Lieber MM. Prevalence of prostatism in Japanese men in a community-based study with comparison to a similar american study. J urol 1995;154(2 Pt 1):391-5./pubmed/754185215. Masumori n, Tsukamoto T, kumamoto Y, Miyake H, rhodes T, girman cJ, guess Ha, Jacobsen SJ,Lieber MM. Japanese men have smaller prostate volumes but comparable urinary flow rates relative to american men: results of community based studies in 2 countries. J urol 1996;155(4):1324-7./pubmed/863256416. guess Ha. Population-based studies of benign prostatic hyperplasia. In: kirby r et al. eds. Textbookof Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. oxford: Isis Medical Media,1996, pp. 117-124./17. guess Ha, chute cg, garraway WM, girman cJ, Panser La, Lee rJ, Jacobsen SJ, Mckelvie gB,oesterling JE, Lieber MM. Similar levels of urological symptoms have similar impact on Scottish andamerican men although Scots report less symptoms. J urol 1993;150(5 Pt 2):1701-5./pubmed/769210518. girman cJ, Jacobsen SJ, guess Ha, oesterling JE, chute cg, Panser La, Lieber MM. naturalhistory of prostatism: relationship among symptoms, prostate volume and peak urinary flow. J urol1995;153(5):1510-5./pubmed/753625819. oishi k, Boyle P, Barry JM, et al. Epidemiology and natural history of benign prostatic hyperplasia. In:denis L, griffiths k, khoury S et al, eds. Fourth International Consultation on BPH, Paris, July 1997.Plymouth: Health Publications, 1998, pp. 25-59./20. Jacobsen SJ, girman cJ, guess Ha, rhodes T, oesterling JE, Lieber MM. natural historyof prostatism: longitudinal changes in voiding symptoms in community dwelling men. J urol1996;155(2):595-600./pubmed/855866821. Mcconnell Jd, Bruskewitz r, Walsh P, andriole g, Lieber M, Holtgrewe HL, albertsen P, roehrborncg, nickel Jc, Wang dZ, Taylor aM, Waldstreicher J. The effect of finasteride on the risk of acuteurinary retention and the need for surgical treatment among men with benign prostatic hyperplasia.new Engl J Med 1998;338(9):557-63./pubmed/947576222. anderson JB, roehrborn cg, Schalken Ja, Emberton M. The progression of benign prostatichyperplasia: examining the evidence and determining the risk. Eur urol 2001; 39(4):390-9./pubmed/1130687623. Jacobsen SJ, Jacobson dJ, girman cJ, roberts ro, rhodes T, guess Ha, Lieber MM. natural historyof prostatism: risk factors for acute urinary retention. J urol 1997;158(2):481-7./pubmed/922432924. Jacobsen SJ, Jacobson dJ, girman cJ, roberts ro, rhodes T, guess Ha, Lieber MM. Treatment forbenign prostatic hyperplasia among community dwelling men: the olmsted county Study of urinarysymptoms and health status. J urol 1999;162(4):1301-6./pubmed/1049218425. rhodes T, girman cJ, Jacobsen dJ, roberts ro, Lieber MM, Jacobsen SJ. Longitudinal prostatevolume in a community-based sample: 7 year followup in the olmsted county Study of urinarysymptoms and health status among men. J urol 2000;163(Suppl 4):249 abstr 1105.26. roberts ro, Jacobsen SJ, Jacobson dJ, rhodes T, girman cJ, Lieber MM. Longitudinal changes inpeak urinary flow rates in a community-based cohort. J urol 2000;163(1):107-13./pubmed/1060432627. Meigs JB, Barry MJ, giovannucci E, rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, kawachi I. Incidence rates and riskfactors for acute urinary retention: the Health Professional Followup Study. J urol 1999;162(2):376-82./pubmed/1041104228. Mcconnell Jd, Bruskewitz r, Walsh P, andriole g, Lieber M, Holtgrewe HL, albertsen P, roehrborncg, nickel Jc, Wang dZ, Taylor aM, Waldstreicher J. The effect of finasteride on the risk of acuteurinary retention and the need for surgical treatment among men with benign prostatic hyperplasia.Finasteride Long-Term Efficacy and Safety Study group. new Engl J Med 1998;338(9):557-63./pubmed/947576229. arrighi HM, guess Ha, Metter EJ, Fozard JL. Symptoms and signs of prostatism as risk factors forprostatectomy. Prostate 1990;16(3):253-61./pubmed/16918438 uPdaTE MarcH 200430. roehrborn cg, Boyle P, Bergner d, gray T, gittelman M, Shown T, Melman a, Bracken rB, deVereWhite r, Taylor a, Wang d, Waldstreicher J. PLESS Study group. Serum prostate-specific antigenand prostate volume predict long-term changes in symptoms and flow rate: results of a fouryear,randomized trial comparing finasteride versus placebo. PLESS Study group. urology 1999;54(4):662-9./pubmed/1051092531. roehrborn cg, Mcconnell Jd, Lieber M, kaplan S, geller J, Malek gH, castellanos r, coffield S,Saltzman B, resnick M, cook TJ, Waldstreicher J. PLESS Study group. Serum prostate-specificantigen is a powerful predictor of acute urinary retention and the need for surgery in men with clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia. PLESS Study group. urology 1999;53(3):473-80./pubmed/1009636932. roehrborn cg, Mcconnell Jd, Bonilla J rosenblatt S, Hudson PB, Malek gH, Schellhammer PF,Bruskewitz r, Matsumoto aM, Harrison LH, Fuselier Ha, Walsh P, roy J, andriole g, resnick M,Waldstreicher J. ProScar long term efficacy and safety group. Serum prostate-specific antigenis a strong predictor of future prostate growth in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. ProScarlongterm efficacy and safety study. J urol 2000;163(1):13-20./pubmed/1060430433. gormley gJ, Stoner E, Bruskowitz rc, Imperato-Mckinley J, Walsh Pc, Mcconnell Jd, adriolegL, geller J, Bracken Br, Tenover JS et al. The effect of finasteride in men with benign prostatichyperplasia. The Finasteride Study group. new Engl J Med 1992 oct 22;327(17):1185-91./pubmed/13838162. RISK FACTORS2.1 For developing the diseaseThe aetiology of BPH is multifactorial. currently, there is no strong evidence that smoking, vasectomy, obesity or high alcohol intake are risk factors in the development of clinical BPH. results of the different epidemiolo-gical studies are controversial, probably because of differences in sampling and methods of analysis. In most cases only insufficient marginal differences can be established (1).chronic conditions, such as hypertension or diabetes, have been related to clinical BPH, but given the frequent occurrence of these conditions in ageing men a large proportion of patients can be expected to suffer from such an association (2,3).recently, it has been stated that diabetes and clinical BPH are associated more frequently than would be expected based on chance alone. although more severe BPH symptoms (increased I-PSS and post-void residual) seem to be found in diabetic males even after age adjustment, the fact that both conditions increase with age and can cause partially similar voiding symptoms, produces a considerable bias (3).The only true factors related to the development of the disease are age and hormonal status (4).The crucial role of the testis has been recognized for more than a century and current research has extended into the field of molecular biology (5). Both of these risk factors are currently beyond prevention.2.2 For surgical treatmentalthough the number of surgical procedures for BPH has declined in the uSa and Europe over the last decade (6), they still represent the second most common major operation in aged men (7). ultimately, three in 10 men may undergo surgery for this condition (2).Surgical risk depends on age and the presence of clinical symptoms. In the absence of clinical symptoms, the likelihood of being treated surgically is about 3% (8,9). The need for surgery increases with symptoms and is twice as high in men with a high baseline-symptom score than for those with a low score (10). For men presenting with urinary retention, the cumulative incidence for prostatectomy is 60% at 1 year and 80% at 7 years (11). Multivariate analysis carried out on a sample of 16,219 men, aged at least 40 years, with a mean follow-up of 12 years, showed a positive association with surgery for age, low body mass index, non-smokers, urine pH greater than 5, and a history of kidney X-ray and/or tuberculosis, for each of the five clinical urinary symptoms studied (12).In the Veterans normative aging Study, in a cohort of 2,280 men, the main predictor for surgery was the presence of urinary symptoms. The risk of requiring subsequent surgery also varied with age, the odds ratio being 1.8 for nocturia and 4.3 for hesitancy in young men (aged < 65 years). among older men, only nocturia (odds ratio 2.4) was predictive of surgery (13). In the Baltimore study, the three predictive symptoms for surgery were change in size and force of the urinary stream, sensation of incomplete voiding and digital rectal uPdaTE MarcH 2004 9enlargement of the prostate. Men with one factor had a cumulative incidence of surgery of 9%, those with two factors of 16%, and those with three factors of 37%. nevertheless, the same study showed that increasing age was the predominant risk factor for surgery (8).From the above, it can be concluded that the risk of needing surgery for BPH increases with age and with the degree of clinical symptoms at baseline. nocturia and changes in urinary stream seem to be the most important predictive symptoms.2.3 REFERENCES1. oishi k, Boyle P, Barry JM et al. Epidemiology and natural history of benign prostatic hyperplasia. In:Denis L, Griffiths K, Khoury S et al. eds. Fourth International Consultation on BPH, Paris, July 1997.Plymouth: Health Publications, 1998, pp. 25-59./2. Boyle P. Epidemiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia: risk factors and concomitance withhypertension. Br J clin Pract Suppl 1994;74:18-22./pubmed/75194373. Michel Mc, Mehlburger L, Schumacher H, Bressel Hu, goepel M. Effect of diabetes on lower urinarytract symptoms in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. J urol 2000;163(6):1725-9./pubmed/107991694. Isaacs JT, coffey dS. Etiology and disease process of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate1989;(Suppl 2):33-50./pubmed/24827725. Voller Mc, Schalken Ja. Molecular genetics of benign prostatic hyperplasia. In: kirby r et al, eds.Textbook of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. oxford: Isis Medical Media, 1996, pp. 109-113./6. Holtgrewe HL, ackermann r, Bay-nielsen H et al. report from the committee on the Economics ofBPH. In: cockett aTk et al, eds. Third international consultation on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Jersey: Scientific communication International, 1996, pp. 51-70./7. Meigs JB, Barry MJ. natural history of benign prostatic hyperplasia. In: kirby r et al, eds. Textbook ofbenign prostatic hyperplasia. oxford: Isis Medical Media, 1996, pp. 125-135./8. arrighi HM, Metter EJ, guess Ha, Fozzard JL. natural history of benign prostatic hyperplasia and riskof prostatectomy, the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of aging. urology 1991;38(1 Suppl):4-8./pubmed/17146579. diokno ac, Brown MB, goldstein n, Herzog ar. Epidemiology of bladder emptying symptoms inelderly men. J urol 1992;148(6):1817-21./pubmed/127922310. Wasson JH, reda dJ, Bruskewitz rc, Elinson J, keller aM, Henderson Wg. a comparison oftransurethral surgery with watchful waiting for moderate symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia.The Veterans affairs cooperative Study group on Transurethral resection of the Prostate. n Engl JMed 1995;332(2):75-9./pubmed/752749311. craigen aa, Hickling Jd, Saunders cr, carpenter rS. natural history of prostatic obstruction: aprospective survey. J r coll gen Pract 1969;18(87):226-32./pubmed/418654512. Sidney S, Quesenberry c Jr, Sadler Mc, Lydick Eg, guess Ha, cattolica EV. risk factors for surgicallytreated benign prostatic hyperplasia in a prepaid health care plan. urology 1991;38(Suppl 1):13-9./pubmed/171465313. Epstein rS, Lydick E, deLabry L, Vokonas PS. age-related differences in risk factors forprostatectomy for benign prostatic hyperplasia: the Va normative aging Study. urology 1991;38(Suppl 1):9-12./pubmed/17146593. ASSESSMENTdiagnostic investigations have been classified as:• recommended: there is evidence to support the use of this test10 uPdaTE MarcH 2004。

临床路径编码详解

临床路径编码详解

临床路径病种
下肢静脉曲张:诊断(ICD-10:I83 :大隐静脉、小隐静脉曲张)
手术(ICD-9-CM-3:38.59 :剥脱术、结扎术等)
高血压脑出血:诊断(ICD-10:I161.902 :脑出血)
手术(ICD-9-CM-3:01.24:开炉探查术、颅骨切除减压术、颅
骨钻孔减压术、硬脑膜外血肿清除术等)
急性阑尾炎:诊断(ICD-10:K35.902 :急性单纯性阑尾炎K35.101:急性化脓
性阑尾炎K35.003 :急性阑尾炎伴腹膜炎)
手术(ICD-9-CM-3:47.09 :阑尾清除术)
腹股沟疝:诊断(ICD-10:K40.2 : 双侧腹股沟疝K40.9:单侧腹股沟疝)手术(ICD-9-CM-3:53.0-53.1 : 腹股沟疝修补术、疝囊高位结扎术)
前列腺增生:诊断(ICD-10:N40 :良性前列腺增生)
手术(ICD-9-CM-3:60.2901 :等离子电切术、汽化电切术、激光切
除术等)
胆囊结石:诊断(ICD-10:K80.0/K80.1 :胆囊结石伴急性、化脓性、梗阻性、慢
性胆囊炎)
手术(ICD-9-CM-3:51.23001 :腹腔镜胆囊切除术51.23002:中转
开放胆囊切除术)
胆总管结石:诊断(ICD-10:K80.5 :肝内胆管、肝外胆管结石)
手术(ICD-9-CM-3:51.41001 胆总管切开取石术)。

临床路径-29个常见病种

临床路径-29个常见病种

目录轻症急性胰腺炎临床路径一、轻症急性胰腺炎临床路径标准住院流程(一)适用对象。

第一诊断为轻症急性胰腺炎(ICD-10:K85.001/K85.101/K85.201/K85.301/K85.801/K85.802/K85.901)(二)诊断依据。

根据《临床诊疗指南-消化系统疾病分册》(中华医学会编著,人民卫生出版社),《实用内科学(第12版)》(复旦大学医学院编著,人民卫生出版社),《临床消化病学》(天津科学技术出版社)1.临床表现:急性、持续性腹痛(偶无腹痛)。

2.实验室检查:血清淀粉酶活性增高≥正常值上限3倍。

3.辅助检查:影像学提示胰腺有或无形态学改变。

(三)治疗方案的选择。

根据《临床诊疗指南-消化系统疾病分册》(中华医学会编著,人民卫生出版社),《实用内科学(第12版)》(复旦大学医学院编著,人民卫生出版社),《临床消化病学》(天津科学技术出版社)1.内科治疗:(1)监护、禁食、胃肠减压;(2)维持水电解质平衡、营养支持治疗;(3)药物治疗: 抑酸治疗、抑制胰腺分泌药物、胰酶抑制剂;无感染征象的患者不建议使用抗菌药物;必要时谨慎使用镇静和镇痛药物。

2.内镜治疗:对于胆源性胰腺炎,有条件的医疗机构可采用内镜治疗。

(四)标准住院日为7-10天。

(五)进入路径标准。

1.第一诊断必须符合ICD-10:K85.001/K85.101/K85.201/K85.301/K85.801/K85.802/K85.901轻症急性胰腺炎疾病编码。

2.排除急性重症胰腺炎及有严重并发症的患者(合并心、肺、肾等脏器功能损害,合并胰腺脓肿、胰腺囊肿等)。

3.排除其他急腹症:急性肠梗阻、消化性溃疡穿孔、胆石症和急性胆囊炎、肠系膜血管栓塞、心绞痛或心肌梗死者。

4.当患者同时具有其他疾病诊断,但在住院期间不需要特殊处理也不影响第一诊断的临床路径流程实施时,可以进入路径。

(六)住院期间检查项目。

1.必需的检查项目:(1)血常规、尿常规、大便常规+隐血;(2)肝肾功能、甘油三酯、电解质、血糖、血淀粉酶、脂肪酶、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、凝血功能;(3)血气分析;(4)心电图、腹部超声、腹部及胸部X线片。

卫生部临床路径病种汇总

卫生部临床路径病种汇总

卫生部临床路径病种汇总编辑:陈惠忠发布科室:科教科发布时间:11-11-01摘要:卫生部临床路径病种汇总卫生部办公厅关于印发外科10个病种县医院版临床路径的通知腹股沟疝、急性阑尾炎、下肢静脉曲张、胆总管结石、良性前列腺增生、肾结石、股骨干骨折、腰椎间盘突出症、凹陷性颅骨骨折、高血压脑出血等县医院外科10个常见病种的临床路径。

卫生部办公厅关于印发乳腺良性肿瘤等普通外科21个病种临床路径的通知乳腺良性肿瘤、原发性甲状腺机能亢进症、甲状腺良性肿瘤、甲状腺癌、胆囊结石合并急性胆囊炎、慢性胆囊炎、胆管结石(无胆管炎或胆囊炎)、胆管结石合并胆管炎、原发性肝细胞癌、肝门胆管癌、细菌性肝脓肿、胃癌、脾破裂、胰腺癌、胰腺假性囊肿、肠梗阻、小肠间质瘤、克罗恩病、肠外瘘、肛裂、肛周脓肿等普通外科21个病种的临床路径。

卫生部办公厅关于印发动脉导管未闭等心脏大血管外科8个临床路径的通知1页动脉导管未闭、房间隔缺损、肺动脉瓣狭窄、二尖瓣病变、主动脉瓣病变人工机械瓣置换术、主动脉瓣病变人工生物瓣置换术、升主动脉瘤、升主动脉夹层动脉瘤等心脏大血管外科8个临床路径。

卫生部办公厅关于印发血液内科专业6个病种临床路径的通知骨髓增生异常综合症、慢性髓细胞白血病、慢性淋巴细胞白血病、弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤、血友病A、自身免疫性溶血性贫血等血液内科6个病种的临床路径。

卫生部办公厅关于印发眼科8个病种临床路径的通知白内障囊外摘除联合人工晶体植入术、慢性泪囊炎鼻腔泪囊吻合术、急性虹膜睫状体炎、角膜白斑穿透性角膜移植术、角膜裂伤、难治性青光眼睫状体冷冻术、经巩膜二级管激光睫状体光凝术和翼状胬肉切除手术等眼科8个病种的临床路径。

卫生部办公厅关于印发消化内科专业9个病种临床路径的通知贲门失弛缓症内镜下气囊扩张术、肝硬化并发肝性脑病、肝硬化合并食管胃静脉曲张出血(内科治疗)、经内镜胆管支架置入术、溃疡性结肠炎(中度)、上消化道出血、十二指肠溃疡出血、胃溃疡合并出血(药物治疗)和内镜下胃息肉切除术等消化内科9个病种的临床路径。

癃闭中医临床路径

癃闭中医临床路径

海口市中医医院外科癃闭中医临床路径路径说明:本路径适合于西医诊断为良性前列腺增生。

癃闭中医临床路径标准住院流程(一)适用对象。

中医诊断:第一诊断为癃闭(TCD编码:BND120)西医诊断:第一诊断为良性前列腺增生(ICD-10:N40)行经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)(ICD-9-CM-3:60.2901)(二)诊断依据。

1.疾病诊断(1)中医诊断标准:参照李曰庆主编的《中医外科学》(中国中医药出版社,2002年)。

以小便量少,点滴而出,甚则闭塞不通为主证的一种疾患。

病情轻者点滴不利为癃,重者点滴皆无称为闭。

(2)西医诊断标准:参照《中国泌尿外科疾病诊断治疗指南》(2009年)第一版,良性前列腺增生的诊断标准。

①主要症状:前列腺增生症的症状是随着病理改变而逐渐出现。

a.尿频、尿急:早期最常见的症状是尿频,且逐渐加重,尤其是夜尿次数增多;b.进行性排尿困难:主要表现为起尿缓慢、排尿费力,射尿无力,尿线细小,尿流滴沥,分段排尿及排尿不尽等;c.尿失禁;d.急性尿潴留;e.血尿等;②辅助检查:a.直肠指检前列腺常有不同程度的增大,表面光滑,中等硬度而富有弹性,中央沟变浅或消失。

b.病史及I-PSS评分;c.尿常规、血清PSA、超声检查、尿动力学检查、静脉尿路造影、CT等。

2.辨证分型(1)膀胱湿热证(2)肝郁气滞证(3)瘀血阻滞证(4)脾虚气陷证(5)肾气亏虚证(三)选择治疗方案的依据。

根据李曰庆主编的《中医外科学》(中国中医药出版社,2002年)、《中国泌尿外科疾病诊断治疗指南》(中华医学会泌尿外科学分会编著,人民卫生出版社,2007年)。

1.适合经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)。

2.患者愿意术后接受中药口服治疗。

3.能够耐受手术。

(四)标准住院日为≤12-14天。

(五)进入路径标准。

1.第一诊断必须符合癃闭(TCD编码:BND120)和良性前列腺增生(ICD-10:N40)疾病编码。

2.当患者合并其他疾病,但住院期间不需要特殊处理也不影响第一诊断的临床路径流程实施时,可以进入路径。

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良性前列腺增生临床路径
一、良性前列腺增生临床路径标准住院流程
(一)适用对象。

第一诊断为良性前列腺增生行经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)。

(二)诊断依据。

根据《中国泌尿外科疾病诊断治疗指南》(中华医学会泌尿外科学分会编著,人民卫生出版社,2014年)。

1.病史:IPSS、QOL评分。

2.体格检查。

3.实验室检查及影像学检查。

(三)选择治疗方案的依据。

根据《中国泌尿外科疾病诊断治疗指南》(中华医学会泌尿外科学分会编著,人民卫生出版社,2014年)。

1.适合经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)。

2.能够耐受手术。

(四)标准住院日为≤12天。

(五)进入路径标准。

1.第一诊断必须符合ICD-10:N40良性前列腺增生疾病编码。

2.当患者合并其他疾病,但住院期间不需要特殊处理也不影响第一诊断的临床路径流程实施时,可以进入路径。

(六)术前准备(术前评估)≤4天。

1.必需的检查项目:
(1)血常规、尿常规;
(2)电解质、肝功能、肾功能、血型、凝血功能、感染性疾病筛查(乙肝、丙肝、艾滋病、梅毒等)、PSA检查;
(3)胸片、心电图;
(4)尿动力学检查、尿流率、残余尿量检查。

(5)尿路造影、泌尿系彩超。

2.根据患者病情可选择:尿培养及药敏、血脂、血糖、肺功能、前列腺穿刺检查等。

(七)抗菌药物选择与使用时机。

1.预防性抗菌药物:按照《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》(国卫办医发〔2015〕43号)执行。

2.药物选择:可考虑使用第一、二代头孢菌素(注射用头孢唑林、注射用头孢呋辛),如对头孢类药物过敏者,可选用氟喹诺酮类(环丙沙星注射液、左氧氟沙星注射液等)。

3.手术预防用抗菌药物的给药时机:头孢类静脉输注应在皮肤、黏膜切开前0.5~1小时内或麻醉开始时给药,氟喹诺酮类等由于需输注较长时间,应在手术前1~2小时开始给药。

4.预防用药维持时间:手术时间较短(<2小时)的清洁手术术前给药一次即可。

如手术时间超过3小时或超过所用药物半衰期的2倍以上,或成人出血量超过1500ml,术中应追加一次。

清洁-污染手术的预防用药时间为24小时。

(八)手术日为入院≤4天。

1.麻醉方式:腰麻、硬膜外麻醉或全身麻醉。

2.手术方式:经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)。

3.术中用药:麻醉用药,术前用抗菌药物。

4.输血:根据出血情况决定。

(九)术后住院恢复≤8天。

1.必须复查的检查项目:血常规、尿常规。

2.术后根据患者病情复查残余尿量、尿流率。

3.术后抗菌药物应用:按照《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》(国卫办医发〔2015〕43号)执行。

(十)出院标准。

1.一般情况良好。

2.拔除尿管后,排尿通畅。

3.耻骨上造瘘口无漏尿。

(十一)变异及原因分析。

1.术中、术后出现并发症,需要进一步诊治,导致住院时间延长、费用增加。

2.术后出现排尿功能异常,需要进一步诊治,导致住院时间延长、费用增加。

3.术后原伴随疾病控制不佳,需请相关科室会诊。

4.住院后出现其他内、外科疾病需进一步明确诊断,可
进入其他路径。

(十二)参考费用标准:9000-15000元。

二、良性前列腺增生临床路径表单
适用对象:第一诊断为良性前列腺增生行经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)术
患者姓名:性别:年龄:门诊号:住院号:
住院日期:年月日出院日期:年月日标准住院日:≤10天。

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