益生菌与肥胖ppt课件

母亲的肠道菌群影响胎儿肠道菌群，早期益生菌调 节能预防胎儿过多的体重增加
围产期益生菌干预对胎儿体重增长10年的观察研究
159名孕妇随机分成2组，在预产期前4周及产后6个月分别给 予乳酸菌和麦芽糊精，结果显示，这种早期的益生菌干预能 预防胎儿过多的体重增加
Marina Sanchez et al.Childhood Obesity: A Role for Gut Microbiota?2015
M. Million et al.Gut bacterial microbiota and obesity.2013 2
Introduction（obesity）
The mechanisms by which gut microbiota affect obesity in humans are complicated and largely unknown, the proposed statements may consist of: an excessive bodily energy harvest, higher levels of SCFAs to promote adipogenesis, overexpression of the obesity-related genes, and increased production of LPS by gut microbiota causing obesity and Inflammation
The two most abundant bacterial phyla in humans and in mice are the Firmicutes (60– 80%) and the Bacteroidetes (20–40%)
The gut microbiota composition depends on age, sex, geography, ethnicity, family, and diet, and can be modulated by prebiotics, probiotics, and antibiotics.
肠道菌群与肥胖
5
肠道菌群与肥胖
肠道菌群被认为与人类的疾病、健康有着密切的 联系。除了对胃肠道功能的影响，还涉及肝脏、 大脑、脂肪组织等。目前新的研究认为肠道菌群 与肥胖有着密切的联系。
肥胖人群的与正常人群相比，除能量代谢不平衡， 在肠道菌群的组成上也存在差异。据说肥胖与肠 道中两种菌（厚壁菌／拟杆菌）的比例相关。
Hale Waihona Puke vegetarian diet 与Western diet 相比，前者肠道中以Clostridium
coccoides，Clostridium ramosum 为主，缺少Faecalibacterium prausnitzii
25 overweight or obese 与24 normal weight children相比，双歧杆菌含量 更低，金黄色葡萄球菌的含量更高
Marina Sanchez et al.Childhood Obesity: A Role for Gut Microbiota?2015
7
肠道菌群与肥胖
Tulika Arora et al.Probiotics: Interaction with gut microbiome and antiobesity potential.2013 6
肠道菌群与肥胖
肥胖人群在肠道菌群的组成上与正常人存在差异
12名obese adults随机分为2组，分别给予low-fat、low-CHO饮食1年；与 lean adults（normal weight）相比，这些obese adults肠道中拟杆菌 （Bacteroidetes）数量少，厚壁菌／拟杆菌（ratio of Firmicutes／ Bacteroidetes ）比值更高；lean adults减肥成功后，比值回到正常水平
8
？影响肠道菌群
9
饮食与肠道菌群
不同国家饮食习惯存在差异，肠道菌群的组成也有差异。美国人肠道中 厚壁菌水平高，日本人肠道中放线菌水平高，韩国人和中国人肠道中拟 杆菌水平高。
plant-rich diet与low-fiber diet相比，前者厚壁菌水平更低，后者肠杆 菌（志贺氏杆菌、埃希氏杆菌）水平更高
Davide Festi et al.Gut microbiota and metabolic syndrome.2014
Jia Chen et al.Diet Effects in Gut Microbiome and Obesity. 2014
3
Jia Chen et al.Diet Effects in Gut Microbiome and Obesity. Journal of Food Science r Vol. 79, Nr. 4, 2014 4
1
Introduction（gut microbiota ）
Ten trillion to 100 trillion (1014) microorganisms populate the adult intestines . The vast majority reside in the colon, where densities approach 1011–1012 cells/mL. Almost all of these organisms are bacteria, and a minority are archaeons, eukaryotes, and viruses
SCFAs increase intestinal absorption of monosaccharides ，modulate host appetite and food intake ，influence lipid metabolism by increas-
ing lipogenesis[9] and inhibiting fatty acids oxidation