(完整版)高考总复习名词性从句

名词性从句综述

名词性从句和名词一样，在句中可以担任主语、表语、宾语（动词宾语和介词宾语）和同位语。因此我们说名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句必须用陈述句语序,也就是说, (疑问词) + 主语 + 谓语 + 其它.

主语从句

在复合句中作主语的句子称为主语从句, 从句作主语, 谓语动词用单数；通常由从属连词that, whether, 连接代词who, whose, what, which, whatever（无论什么）, whoever（无论谁）, whichever（无论哪个）或连接副词when, where, why, how等引导。

eg.1)* Whether we can reduce the use of energy is important.

2)* That pollution has become a serious problem in parts of the world is known to everyone.

3) What is needed is greater safety.

4) Whoever breaks the rules must be punished.

5)* How life began remains a puzzle to us.

6) It is said that paper was first made in China.

7) It seems that he is older.

8) It’s certain that the sports meeting will be delayed.

9) It doesn’t matter if you have no time to do it.

注意：1. 陈述句必须以that 引导, 不能省略。

2. 主语从句只能用whether引导，不能用if引导。

3. 常用it作形式主语，代替真正的主语从句，但不能代替由what引导的主语从句。

4. 常用于It + be + adj. / n. / + that-clause

It’s certain / clear / a pity /a fact/ common knowledge/ said / hoped …+ that / whether…

It’s natural/ strange/ necessary/ important that… (should) …

5.It doesn’t matter if 是固定句型。

6. 句型：It is required/ suggested/ insisted/ ordered …that…(should)+ do…

7.that 与what的区别：

that在从句中不充当任何成分，没有意思；

what在从句中充当主语或宾语，意思是：…（所）…的

Practice:

他被选中了使我们很开心。

她是否有时间来还是个问题。

谁将被派去那儿还没有定下来。

我们所需要的是更多的时间。

他去了哪儿没人知道。

表语从句

表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem 等,也由that, whether, who, whose, what, which或when, where, why, how 等引出。

e.g. 1) My suggestion is that you (should) start it at once.

2) What they want to know is whether they are right.

3) That was how they were injured.

4) My hometown is no longer what it used to be.

注意：1. 陈述句由that引导，一般不省略；

2. 疑问句只能用whether引导，不可用if 。

Practice:

这正是我要的。

问题是这个工作是否值得做。

这就是他出生的地方。

那就是他为什么迟到的原因。

这就是他怎样做这件事的。

同位语从句

在句子中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般由连词that引导，常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, discovery, information, word, message, thought, suggestion等名词的后面，说明该名词的具体内容。eg. 1) The fact that he didn’t come shows that he has broken his word.

2) Soon word came that they should announce the results of the exam.

3) You have no idea how worried I was then.

= You don’t know how worried I was then.

注意：1. 同位语从句不同于定语从句，前者起补充说明作用，that是连词，在从句中不充当句子成分，不省略; 后者起修饰作用，that是关系代词（还可以由别的关系代词或关系副词引导定语从句），在从句中充当主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。

e.g. 1) The news that they had won the battle soon spread over the whole country. ( 同位语从句)

2) The news you told me yesterday was really disappointing. (定语从句)

2. 同位语从句也可由连接代词who，which，what和连接副词where，when，why，how等引导。

The question who should do the work requires consideration.

We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.

It’s a question how he did it.

Practice:

我们已经听到了我们队赢了的消息。

他什么也没说这个事实使每个人惊讶。

他们没有他是否还活着的信息。