高考英语题型专项练习-书面表达(概要写作)
2024届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：概要写作
2024届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题十五考点26概要写作1.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Technology is forever changing the way we get our news.Many people now get a lot of news on electronic devices,instead of traditional media,such as newspapers,television or radio.According to a report,an increasing number of people are also turning to social media for information.Now,there is a new technology that could greatly change the way we get news:computer-created news readers.Recently,China launched what it called the world's first artificial intelligence,or AI news presenters.The news readers,supported by machine learning technology,are based on two real-life Chinese newsmen.One is able to present newscasts in English,and the other,in Mandarin. Chinese reports said machine learning was used to examine video images and sounds of the two newsmen.The similar technology has been used to create video products,known as "deepfake"videos.A deepfake video looks real,but is electronically changed.Such videos can make people appear to say things they have never said before.It was said that the AI presenters would be a great improvement to the news team because they"can work24hours a day"on its website and on social media.One of the presenters even promised to work"tirelessly"to keep people informed.Some machine learning experts said the system showed China's latest progress in voice recognition,text-to-speech technology and data analysis.Others wondered about the effects robots might have on employment and workers.Some people argued that only low-level jobs requiring heavy labor would be easily replaced by robots.Others praised the technology as a way for companies to make money from low-cost labor machines.Some businesses have experimented with similar technology for possible use in news operations.Britain's BBC recently released a video that used machine learning to make it look like one of its news readers speaking different languages.The London-based company that developed the system said its goal is to"remove the language barrier"for many different kinds of video across the Internet.___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________2.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
高考英语概要写作专项训练
概要写作1．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Parents, teachers, and anyone who regularly deals with teenagers know how difficult the adolescent years can be. Adolescents have always been known to do wild — even dangerous — thing. Now, brain-imaging technology allows scientists to study the physical development of the brain in more detail than ever before. Their discoveries have led to a new theory of why teens act the way they do.Recently, scientists discovered that though our brains are almost at their full size by the age of six, they are far from fully developed. Only during adolescence do our brains truly “grow up”. During this time, they go through great changes, like a computer system being upgraded. This “upgrade” was once thought to be finished by about age 12. Now, scientists have concluded that our brains continue to change until age 25. Such changes make us better at balancing our impulses (冲动)with the need to follow rules. However, a brain that is still developing does this awkwardly. The result, scientists claim, is the unpredictable behavior seen in teenagers.The studies confirm that teens are more likely to take risks and behave in extreme ways. Fortunately, the news isn’t all negative. As brain scientist B．J. Casey points out, the teen brain inspires such behavior in order to help teenagers prepare for adult life.One way the brain does this is by changing the way teens view risks and rewards. Researchers found that when teens think about rewards, their brains release more of the chemicals that create pleasure than an adult brain would. Researchers believe this makes the rewards seem more important than the risks and makes teens feel the excitement of new experiences more keenly than adults do.Research into the structure of the teen brain also found that it makes social connections seem especially rewarding. As such, teens have an intense need to meet new people. It, therefore, connects social rewards with even more pleasure. In this way, the brain encourages teens to have a wide circle of friends, which is believed to make them more successful in life._______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____2．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Your child’s brain on math: Don’t bother?Parents whose children are struggling with math often view intense tutoring as the best way to help them master crucial skills, but a new study released on Monday suggests that for some kids even that is a lost cause.According to the research, the size of one key brain structure and the connections between it and other regions can help identify the 8- and 9-year olds who will hardly benefit from one-on-one math instruction.“We could predict how much a child learned from the tutoring based on measures of brain structure and connectivity,” said Vinod Menon, a professor at Stanford University School of Medicine, who led the research.The study, published in the online edition of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, is the first to use brain imaging to look for a connection between brain attributes and the ability to learn arithmetic. But despite its publication in a well-respected journal, the research immediately drew criticism.Jonathan Moreno, professor of medical ethics at the University of Pennsylvania, fears that some parents and teachers might “give up now” on a math-challenged child. “If it gets into the popular consciousness that it’s wise to have your kid’s brain checked out.” before making decisions about academic options, he said, “that raises huge issues.”Menon and his fellow scientists agree that their research shouldn’t lead to conclusions immediately. They are exploring whether any interventions might change the brain in such a way that children who struggle with math can benefit more from tutoring.Just as learning to juggle increases the amount of gray matter in the area of adult brains that is responsible for spatial attention, said Menon, maybe something could pump up regions relevantto learning arithmetic before a child begins math tutoring.Until then, he said “it’s possible” that parents will interpret the new study as saying some kids cannot benefit from math tutoring, “and give up before even trying. How this plays out is far from clear.”_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 3．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as much as possible.Until 1964 most forms of gambling were illegal in the United States. Since then, however, more and more states have legalized gambling in order to raise income. Most states in the United States now depend on incomes from state lotteries(博彩)and use them for good causes, such as improving public education, maintaining state parks, and developing environmental programs.Although there are many advantages to legalized gambling, there has also been a good deal of criticism of state-supported gambling. As states increase their support of state lotteries, they seem to encourage commercial gambling in all its forms. More than 5 million Americans suffer from gambling addiction. Those most at risk of becoming addicted include the poor, young people between twelve and eighteen years old, and women over the age of fifty, who are looking for some entertainment. As a result, many of them will end up in prison or even homeless. The promise of winning big fortune has created big problems.Perhaps the most important concern is the moral issue of legalized gambling. The lottery is the only form of gambling that is essentially a government control. Critics ask whether gambling is a proper function of government. Should the government be the spokesman for the expansion of gambling? Critics say state advertising of lotto emphasizes luck over hard work, instant happiness over careful planning, and entertainment over savings.In 1996, Congress created a commission to conduct a legal study of the social and economic impacts of gambling in the United States. After two years of study, the Commission recommended an end to the expansion of legalized gambling. Some feel this will severely hurt the gamblingindustry. Others fear that it is not enough and are asking the government to take a tough stand against gambling._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 4．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.How We Find Our DirectionPsychologists have found that there are two main ways that successful travelers use to navigate (确定位置) their environment.The first is to follow a fixed route from here to there. Cognitive (认知的) psychologist Barbara Tver sky describes route navigation as a series of paths and choice points that is basically selfcentered: it is constructed for the purpose of reaching one particular goal from a fixed starting point, and the entire journey is explained from the point of view of the traveler.The second navigational strategy involves a bird’s-eye view — a map of the general area. Maps are overviews, “surveys of a space of possibilities,”that lay out a variety of possible paths. Maps almost always rely on cardinal directions (基本方位), usually east-west and north-south, that anchor them to a larger space. When we use a map to get somewhere, it is up to us to figure out the most proper route, or the alternatives, for ourselves.So how does this work out in the real world? In her 2019 book, Mind in Motion, Tversky acknowledges that most of us do not carry a file drawer of maps in our heads. Instead, we use a combination of methods to get where we are going: part tum-by-tum directions, part bird’s-eye view, and part general map-like information(it’s somewhere near the center of town; we’ll be traveling toward Omaha; the mid-day sun is on our left, so we are still heading west) and helpful landmarks. For this reason, Tversky refers to our way finding plans not as “cognitive maps” but as “cognitive collages (拼贴画)”.But it is important to note that most navigational directions of moderate complexity dependin part on the ability to understand a map perspective. Sometimes maps just make for better directions, but they are essential if we make a mistake and have to figure out how to correct our course._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________5．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
高考英语概要写作专项训练
概要写作1．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Losing your ability to think and remember is pretty scary. We know the risk of dementia (痴呆) increases with age. But if you have memory slips, you probably needn’t worry.There are pretty clear differences between signs of dementia and age-related memory loss.After 50, it’s quite common to have trouble remembering the names of people, places and things quickly.The brain ages just like the rest of the body. Certain parts shrink, especially areas in the brain that are important to learning, memory and planning. Changes in brain cells can affect communication between different regions of the brain. And blood flow can be reduced as blood vessels narrow.Forgetting the name of an actor in a favorite movie, for example, is nothing to worry about. But if you forget the plot of the movie or don’t remember even seeing it, that’s far more concerning.When you forget entire experiences, it’s a red flag that something more serious may be involved. Forgetting how to operate a familiar object like a microwave oven, or forgetting how to drive to the house of a friend you’ve visited many times before can also be signs of something going wrong.But even then, people shouldn’t panic. There are many things that can cause confusion and memory loss, including health problems like temporary stoppage of breathing during sleep, high blood pressure, or depression, as well as medications (药物) like antidepressants. Defense against memory loss is to try to prevent it by building up your brain’s cognitive (认知的) reserve.Read books, go to movies, take up new hobbies or activities that force one to think in novel ways. In other words, keep your brain busy and working. And also get physically active, because exercise is a known brain booster._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Nowadays, leaders the world over are busy mapping out blueprints for a new age with environmental protection high on their agenda. Sustainable development hits headlines almost every day. It is of utmost importance to restore the harmonious balance between man and nature, given the damage we’ve already done to it.First of all, we must realize that man and nature are interactive. To begin with, we derive everything from nature. Among other things, I’m sure you’ve all tasted natural produce that is otherwise known as green food. And you must have noticed that nearly all beautifying products boast of being natural creams, natural lotions or natural gels. For man, nature has an irresistible appeal.But on the other hand we must also realize that nature can be unruly. Nature is indeed like a riddle, some areas of which are beyond the reach of science and technology, at least in the foreseeable future. Nevertheless, the advancement of science and technology will still characterize the next millennium. The coming new age will provide many opportunities, but it will be likewise run of challenges. For instance, United Nations’ demographers predict that global population could soar from its current 5.9 billion to as many as 11.2 billion by 2050. This will worsen the current scarcity of natural resources caused by environmental degradation. More conflicts over this scarcity may occur with the ghost of nuclear wars always hiding in the background. To prevent this nightmare from coming true, governments need to work closely with each other and back up their verbal commitment by actions. However, it is not enough only to ask what governments can do to achieve the harmony between man and nature. We must ask ourselves what we as individuals can do.Can we all be economical with food, water, electricity or other resources? Can we, or rather, some greedy ones among us, stop making rare plants and animals into delicious dishes? Can we stop using the unrecyclable style of lunch boxes? If not, one day they may bury us in an ocean ofwhite rubbish. After all, the earth is not a dustbin; it’s our common home._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________3．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Stressful situations are sometimes unavoidable. Each of us perceives challenges in our own way and reaction to them also varies. How stressful our life is depends not only on us. Other people influence it as well. And this is something we cannot change.What if we do not try to change others, but rather try and change our attitude to stress and tension that we often experience at work?Stretching releases muscle tension that accumulates in your back, shoulders, and neck during the day. Even when your day is extremely busy, do your best and set aside at least 5-10 minutes to do some exercise. There are plenty of exercises you can practise that do not require any special equipment: yoga, or simple squats — you can pick any kind of workout to your liking. Physical activity will boost your energy level and help you calm down. Working out is beneficial for both your body and mind.Herbs work miracles. Some of them, such as chamomile and peppermint, are a powerful tool helping to fight stress and anxiety. NASA scientists have recently carried out research into the effect of herbs and found out that peppermint scent decreases tiredness by 20% and reduces frustration by 25%, Make a smarter choice and, while at work, drink herbal tea instead of coffee.Once you find yourself in a different surroundings you will feel much better. If your office is situated in a busy city center, then you can spend your lunch break m a sidewalk cafe. Order your favorite drink and distract yourself by watching people go by. If your office is located in an environmentally clean place, for example, near a city park. You can then refresh yourself and relax a bit before you dive back into your working routine.Call someone who you know can understand and support you when you feel stressed. Astudy shows that communication with close people, such as your friends or parents, produces oxytocin in your body — the hormone that is needed to successfully fight tension and stress._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________4．Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible.Fishy WeatherHave you ever heard someone say, “It’s raining cats and dogs”? It’s a figure of speech—no one has ever seen it truly rain cats and dogs. However, weird weather does happen. Fish, frogs, and even spiders have fallen from the sky during storms!Some places get a lot of weird weather. Yoro, a city in Honduras, is one such place. There, animals fall from the sky so often that kids learn about it in school. However, most people don’t believe it until they see it. When Miguel Espinoza moved to Yoro, he thought the stories were just legends. Then one afternoon, he saw a dark cloud in the sky. “I felt something hit my hat, and I saw a shiny flutter,” he said. “It was a fish!” Hundreds of silver fish fell like wriggling raindrops.Scientists can explain the raining fish. Storms with strong winds, such as waterspouts and tornadoes, can suck up water as they pass over rivers, lakes, or oceans. The winds will also suck up whatever is swimming in that water! These storms can then carry the animals for many miles. When the winds start to die down, they drop the water and animals.Fish are the most common animals carried by storms, but they aren’t the only ones. In 2005, thousands of tiny frogs rained down on a city in Serbia. Amazingly, frogs were still alive after they fell to the ground. And in 2007, a man named Christian Gaona was visiting northern Argentina when he experienced a very creepy rain. Dozens of spiders fell from the sky! Christian snapped some pictures of the raining spiders. Otherwise, his friends might never have believed his unusual story.Overall, animal rainstorms aren’t very common. In most years, fewer than ten animal storms are reported around the world. So don’t worry about fish bouncing off your umbrella. If they do,you’ll have your own story about very weird weather._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________5．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Major trends that may affect education systemsThe Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), which promotes policies that will improve the economic and social well-being of people around the world, has been looking at the future of global education. Its head of education, Andreas Schleicher, has been talking about some major international trends affecting education systems around the world.One trend is the widening gap between rich and poor. In OECD countries, the richest 10% have incomes 10 times greater than the poorest 10%. This inequality is a challenge for schools who want to offer equal and fair access to education for everyone.Another trend is the rising wealth in Asia. It’s suggested that a large rise in themiddle-classes in countries like India will increase demand for university places. Andreas Schleicher asks the question “What values will these newly wealthy consumers want from their schools?”Increasing migration will also have an impact on education systems. Mobility results in more culturally diverse students eager to learn and develop good life for themselves. But that can be challenge, too, as Andreas Schleicher asks: “How should schools support pupils arriving from around the world? Will schools have a bigger role in teaching about shared values?”Funding pressure is another issue: as our demand and expectation for education rises and more people go to university, who’s going to pay for it all? The rise in dependency on technology is another concern. What should students learn when many of their talents can be reproduced by machines? And how reliant should we be on learning from the internet?These are just some of the issues the OECD is highlighting. But they remain irrelevant forhundreds of millions of the world’s poorest children who don’t even have access to school places or receive such low-quality education that they leave without the most basic literacy or numeracy._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________6．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The World Should Welcome the Rise of the RobotsThe word “robot” was coined in 1020 by the Czech playwright Karel Capek, who imagined artificial, fully functional servants. For most of their history, however, robots have been dumb, inelegant mechanical devices sitting out of sight in factories.Things are starting to change, however. Robots have benefited from rapid innovations in smartphones, which brought cheap cameras and sensors, fast wireless communications and powerful, smaller computer chips. More recent advances in machine learning have added software to make robots better informed about their surroundings and equipped them to make wiser decisions. Robots are leaving carefully managed industrial settings for everyday life. In a pandemic-ravaged world, short of workers but with lots of elderly folk to look after, having more robots to boost productivity would be a good thing.And yet many people fear that robots will destroy jobs. A paper in 2013 by economists at Oxford University was widely misinterpreted as meaning that 47% of American jobs were at risk of being automated. In fact, concerns about mass unemployment are overblown. The evidence suggests robots will be disruptive but ultimately beneficial for labour markets. Japan and South Korea have the highest robot penetration but very strong work-forces. A Yale University study that looked at Japanese manufacturing between 1978 and 2017 found that an increase of one robot unit per 1,000 workers boosted a company’s employment by 2.2%. Research from the Bank of Korea found that robotization moved jobs away from manufacturing into other sectors, butthat there was no decrease in overall vacancies.Inevitably, some people will be on the losing end of change even as the robots make society as a whole better off. It may trigger a political backlash, because the losers feel left behind. That is one more reason why firms and governments would do well to recognize the value of retraining and lifelong learning. As jobs change, workers should be helped to acquire new skills.The potential gains from the robot revolution are huge. There is no reason to think the robots will revolt against their human masters and cause mass unemployment and worse._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 7．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.What do We Know About “Mathephobia”Mathematician Mary de Lellis Gough, who often observed her struggling students fail to work out mathematical problems, coined the term ‘mathephobia’ in 1953. She described it as “a disease that proves fatal before its presence is detected”. Other experts have defined it as “the panic, helplessness and mental disorganization that arises among some people when they are required to solve a mathematical problem” and “a general fear of contact with mathematics”.Sian Beilock, a cognitive scientist and her colleagues of Barnard College in New York have shown that math anxiety can start as soon as we enter formal schooling. “Math is one of the first places in school in western cultures where we really learn about whether we got something right or wrong, and are exposed to being evaluated in timed tests.”Girls may be more prone to it than boys. Primary school teachers often have high levels of math anxiety, says Beilock, and in the US and elsewhere, they are mostly female. Since young children tend to identify with adults of the same gender, this means girls are more likely to pick up math anxiety from their female teachers. Having a female teacher with math anxiety makes girls more likely to believe gendered stereotypes about math, leading to poorer achievement.“Once you have it, it can be self-lasting. Worrying about it can make it worse.” says Beilock,whose study of children between the ages of five and eight suggests math anxiety might weaken performance by burdening working memory. “As our ability to focus limited, our attention gets divided when we do more than one task at a time.” she says. “If you’re worried about having to do math, you may have an internal monologue saying you can’t do this and at the same time you’re trying to calculate numbers.”When people have math anxiety, they tend to avoid the subject, as researchers from 2019 show. But since math builds on itself, avoiding it makes it harder to catch up. “Math is foundational. If you miss a certain idea, it’s harder to learn the next one.” says Darcy Hallett. “And then you can fall behind, which might make math more of a targeted anxiety compared to other topics.”_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________8．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Global CooperationIn the 21st century, we’ve seen a new trend that is pushing the boundaries of human invention and innovation—global cooperation. Scientific and technical research and development is now so complicated that no one scientist can know it all. So, increasingly, innovation is coming from the combining of cutting-edge expertise (专业知识) from different scientific fields.There are now over 8, 000 scientific journals worldwide and it is impossible to be an expert in all areas. Therefore, in this highly specialized world, scientists, medics and engineers have to cooperate in order to innovate. Professor Bob Langer at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has made significant breakthroughs in the field of biomedical engineering. But he hasn’t done it on his own. He has invited experts from around the world in different fields to form a global team to design new substances which can go inside the body, deliver medicines and then dissolve. Also at MIT, when Cesar Harada heard about the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010,he quit his dream job there and tried to develop a more efficient way to remove the oil. But rather than focusing on profit, he decided to ‘open-source’ the design. He shared his own ideas on the web for free and then got experts from all around the world to contribute ideas and even donations. Thanks to this free, not-for-profit way of sharing ideas and intellectual property on the internet, a boat capable of cleaning oil quickly came into being. Obviously, international cooperation based on sharing information freely has produced innovative approaches to solving problems.It appears that the days of brilliant individuals working in their garages on their own are over. Global teams with a united purpose building on everyone’s expertise can collectively do far more than one brilliant individual. Today’s world calls for global cooperators, sharers, and not protectors of ideas._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________9．Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.To adjust you baby to the external world, educating him is your main assignment. How will you educate him? What role will he play in the world?According to Darwin’s theory of the evolution of the species, we are a competitive species and one survives by adapting itself biologically to various environments through various ways. Competition was useful for the progress of society and for the survival of human beings.Today, however, the challenges are different. There are environmental imbalance, deaths of thousands of children every day by starvation and countless diseases. Therefore, it is urgent that the philosophy of preparing our children for competition and power be replaced by one of preparing them for love and cooperation.The earth is a unique home to us all. We must educate our children so that they want to preserve nature and it can in return make them more powerful and capable in society. Ourchildren have to learn that we don’t need to practice actions that benefit only our homeland while all other countries are destroyed. The destruction of other countries and lives leads to the impossibility of the future existence of our home. We must teach our children that the main necessity of men and children is love. Love is good to ourselves, others and nature.But it is getting harder to love. We are not capable of demonstrating hate to a flower, grabbing it and throwing it at the floor and stepping on it. It sounds insane! But we are insensitive to the extent of seeing a homeless person on the ground and pretending it’s not our problem! Our strong idea of competition has led us to total insensibility!_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 10．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The Changing Spring FestivalThe Spring Festival, as it is celebrated today, has undergone many changes, the country’s economic development and globalization.No Spring Festival is complete without food. People could not get good food with desired in earlier times, something that does not apply to society today. The best time celebrate was when food was available in plenty, and that was possible in spring, or the beginning of the Lunar New Year. That was the main reason why the Spring Festival acquired such great importance among Chinese people. But three decades of economic growth has ensured that people in China can enjoy a good meal whenever they want. People seem not to long for delicious food like before during the Spring Festival due to the change in people’s fortune.In the past, celebrations were limited to events like song-and-dance duets(二人转)in North China, dragon and lion dances in South China and fireworks. And economic development and urbanization seems to have ensured various forms of entertainment and communication. People can watch the Spring Festival Gala on TV or even on the cellphone.Many customs associated with the Spring Festival have changed, too. In the past, peopleused to visit relatives and friends with gifts and lots of good wishes. Today, many people, especially the youth, use their cell phones or the Internet to send their good wishes and even “gifts” to their relatives and friends. Some may say this is a sign that people have become less caring about their near and dear ones, but we can see this development as a time-andenergy-saving exercise granted by the information age._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________参考答案1．A possible version:People aged 50 and over tend to develop memory problems, because changes in brain cells have affected brain’s communication within, and that the narrowing of vessels reduces the blood flow. However, signs of memory loss do not necessarily lead to the condition itself. Anyway, tryingto think creatively and getting physically active help to keep your brain healthy effectively.【导语】本文是一篇说明文。
高中英语概要写作练习题50题含答案解析
高中英语概要写作练习题50题含答案解析1.阅读下面的记叙文文本，概括其主要内容。
A man went on a trip. He visited many places and met many people. In the end, he returned home with wonderful memories.A. A man took a trip and had great memories.B. A man went on a business trip.C. A man visited only one place.D. A man didn't like his trip.答案解析：A。
文本主要讲述了一个男人去旅行，参观了很多地方，遇到了很多人，最后带着美好的回忆回家了。
选项B 中说男人是去出差，与文本不符；选项C 说男人只参观了一个地方，与原文“visited many places”不符；选项D 说男人不喜欢他的旅行，与原文“with wonderful memories”不符。
2.阅读下面的记叙文文本，概括其主要内容。
A girl lost her dog. She looked everywhere for it. Finally, she found it in a park.A. A girl lost her cat.B. A girl found her dog in a park.C. A girl didn't look for her dog.D. A girl's dog ran away.答案解析：B。
文本讲述了一个女孩丢了她的狗，到处寻找，最后在公园找到了它。
选项A 说女孩丢了猫，与原文不符；选项C 说女孩没有寻找她的狗，与原文不符；选项D 说女孩的狗跑了，没有体现出女孩寻找狗和最后找到狗的过程。
3.阅读下面的记叙文文本，概括其主要内容。
上海高考英语概要写作专项训练
概要写作1．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Some people are naturally outgoing, but other people have to practice to become outgoing. If you want to become outgoing, there are several strategies(策略)that you can use. Being “outgoing” involves learning how to present yourself to others, starting conversations, and being more confident in yourself.One of the easiest ways to present yourself is to ask your friends, colleagues, or classmates to introduce you to their friends. For example, if you walk into a room and your friend is talking to someone else, make it a point to say hello and introduce yourself. The next time you see that person, you can say hello and, since you have already been introduced, you have built a bridgeinto future communication.When you’re in a social situation, such as at a party, try to make eye contact with the other people there with a friendly smile. If the other person responds or smiles back at you，then go over to them and introduce yourself. That is usually a good sign for a possible conversation. If the person does not respond, let them go their way. There’s a difference between being “outgoing” and “pushy”. Another practical way to start a conversation with others is to use compliments(赞美). When you’re attracted by certain people, you're bound to notice little things that you appreciate. You can acknowledge these things with a sincere compliment.Doing something that makes you feel a little uncomfortable is a good way to promote your confidence and help you become a more outgoing version of yourself. If you have never danced before but want to take a ballet lesson, try it out. Do your best to fight the inner voice telling that you can’t do something or defining(定义)yourself by what you think you should be doing instead. With each little victory, you’ll gain the confidence to step further and further outside your comfort zone._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________2．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of thepassage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Seniority in Promotion Is Not a Wise Business PracticeIt's not always an easy decision for companies when it comes to filling managerial spots. In the past promoting an employee has been popularly handled by means of basic analysis of the employees' past performance nod seniority, In some cases, the individual's performance has been considered more important while in others the amount of time they have been with the company has been the deciding factor. Nevertheless, seniority is a standard that has never been left out, However, in the contemporary business world, the importance of seniority in promotion is being destroyed as a growing number of companies look outside of their organizations when trying tofill top managerial spots.Unlike experienced employees who have been with the company for a long time, new people are mare likely generate creative ideas. In rapidly changing markets, innovative and creative talents are sought by many companies in order to adapt to the market. To meet their needs, companies have more to gain by selecting outside employees since they are more willing to try new techniques and less afraid of breaking tradition when introducing new ideas. Thus, rather than promoting existing employees, it might be a wiser management decision to bring in outside talent.An additional advantage to this new system is that it prevents employees from feeling that they only need to wait for their seniority to provide them with a promotion. Simply put no matter how long they have been with the company, employees have to contribute diligently to the organization if they want to move up the career ladder, As soon as people realize that the company could just as easily bring in a new person, employees will stop judging themselves against each other because they are no longer competing against their colleagues but everyone in the entire industry. As a result, they will begin to show more effort to bring the level of their work up to what they imagine is a much higher standard._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________3．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point（s）of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Natural perfume or artificial perfume?The use of perfume dates back to earliest times. The ancient Egyptians perfumed the bricks used to build their houses and temples, and wore perfumed fat in their hair.These days, consumer demand for perfumed products is intense. In the home, fromwashing-up liquid to paper tissues, soap to shoe polish, fragrance is the common ingredient. Artificial leather is perfumed to make it smell like the real thing, and in Japan, some companies spray perfume through building’s air-conditioning system at key times of the working day.To meet the demands of the perfume industry, scientific developments have made the companies use substitutes for some natural ingredients. Scientists have also discovered that natural and artificial materials are highly complementary and are acceptable to the consumer. Even the most expensive perfumes are in fact compounds of both natural and artificial ingredients. The French perfume manufacturers were among the first to blend artificial compound when they made the famous perfume Chanel No. 5 in 1923.Producing natural oils is very expensive. For example, 1000 kilos of jasmine flowers make just one kilo of extract. Using artificial fragrance has reduced the costs of manufacture overall, although the chemical operations involved can be very time-consuming and costly-sixteen or seventeen chemical separations may be needed to produce the right result.Nevertheless, the use of complex chemical to reproduce fragrance is likely to increase, as the artificial ingredients as well as natural oils gives perfume manufacturers more control over the production process, which is why many classic perfumes owe their characteristic top notes to fruits of science not nature._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________4．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Is Small Talk Necessary?What’s the first thing you do when you enter a crowded room? You probably look around for a familiar face. When you can’t find one, you have two choices: you can stand alone, or you can walk up and speak to someone that you don’t know.Starting a conversation with a stranger, though, is often uncomfortable and can be a little scary. Yet as you go through life, you’re sure to encounter strangers in many different situations, when a need to connect with others will hopefully outweigh your fears. In order to prepare, it helps to learn the art of small talk.Small talk is the beginning stage of a casual conversation, which usually takes place between strangers or casual acquaintances. With small talk, two or more people search for common interests and points of connection. If one is discovered, the conversation usually begins to flow more naturally, often resulting in deeper discussion.Mastering a few techniques will allow you to enter a room full of strangers with confidence.When you walk up to a group, notice anyone trying to make eye contact with you because this is often a sign that the person is interested in talking. Begin by introducing yourself, and then, you should begin with one of three topics: talk about yourself, the other person or something you can both observe, like the weather.Another way to begin a conversation is with a compliment. Your praise of someone’s scarf might lead to a discussion about favorite places to shop.Radio host Terry Gross, who has interviewed thousands of people over the years, says one opening request works for her every time: “Tell me about yourself.” This approach gets the ball rolling because people enjoy talking about themselves.Though small talk takes practice, it’s worth the effort and it’s the stimulus that can lead to deeper conversations.___________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____5．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.We have all heard the saying “You are what you eat.” But how many of us are willing to admit that the expression applies to us as well as to all those unidentified people out there? Current research suggests that the majority of Americans have bad eating habits, and some of this is determined by our lifestyle, which demands that we eat quickly and inexpensively.What are the commonest foods on the American menu? Hamburgers and French fries, sugar-laden drinks; pies and whiffed cream, malts and ice-cream. Apart from an occasional broiled hamburger, all the things on that list are bad for us. And there are certain prophets of doom who predict that all those fat laden fast foods provide us with only one thing — a faster road to the grave.On the other hand, there are those who claim that the basic fast-food meal contains all the nourishment you need. After all, there are meat, milk salad (if you have the extras), and break. And if you have a cheeseburger instead of a hamburger, you are doing yourself an extra favor by adding additional protein. What these good news gossips are overlooking is the usually pulpy bun: the excess of sugar in the maltose or Coke, and overdose of salt that is sprinkled on the hamburger to make palatable (美味的)So, you decide to stay away from the hamburger joint, and buy your food from the supermarket. Are you any better off? Not if you buy frozen or canned food. The experts tell us that canned and frozen vegetables contain sugar, as well as sorts of perspectives that are not doing anything to improve your health. Acceding to these people, the only way to be sure your food is good for you is to buy it and cook it fresh. And then, of course, you have to eat it and that createsanother problem. The speed of today’s world has encouraged many of us to eat far too fast. We do not chew our food enough, and we eat on the run or we jump and start running the minute we finish eating.6．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point（s）of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Ann Grand: a visual thinkerAnn Grand is a visual thinker. When somebody speaks to her, the words are instantly translated into pictures. like a video in her head. Unlike most people, her thoughts move from ideo-like images to generalizations and concepts. Furthermore, her memories usually appear in her imagination in order of time. and the image visualized are always specific. For example. if she thinks about a chimney, she sees detailed pictures. like the one in her old house. and then those in her hometown. That one word can turn into a full-length video in her head. Grand's mind works like the Internet search engine which produces dozens of images of an object a user is searching for.Visual thinking has enabled Grand to build entire systems in her imagination, which works similarly to a computer program because it can produce three-dimensional design simulations. This was important to her as an equipment designer for the livestock industry. Before she started construction on her designs, she would test-run the equipment in her mind. She formed mental pictures of her designs in every possible situation, with different sizes and breeds of cattle and in different weather conditions. This process made it possible for her to correct mistakes before construction started.Grand's mind is also sensitive to details, which was important in her work with cattle. Her sharp awareness of the visual world led to noteworthy observations about animals. She noticed many little things that most people would not consider that scared the cattle. For example, a coat on a fence or a pipe on the floor would frighten them away. Grand's visualization abilities have also helped her understand the animals she has worked with. This led her to create designs ranging from sweeping, curved fences intended to reduce the stress experienced by animals that were going to be killed to systems for handling sick cattle and pigs.7．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Biographers (传记作家) gather information from many different sources. Legal documents and personal papers can reveal facts such as a person’s birthplace, income, number of children, and lifespan. Letters or a diary may contain valuable information about the person’s friends and activities, thoughts and feelings. All of these materials are called primary sources because they contain firsthand information ---- information that does not depend on the opinions or interpretations of others.A biographer also checks secondary sources. The subject’s friends and relatives may be interviewed. If the subject died long ago, the biographer looks for anything written about him or her. Secondary sources supply secondhand information, and so a biographer must use them with care. The subject’s friends will want the biography to be favorable, while others may wish it to be unfavorable. The biographer must avoid both extremes. The biographer’s job is not to make readers like or dislike the subject, but to give as complete and truthful a picture of the person as possible. This means the biography should include both good and bad qualities, both accomplishments and mistakes. James Boswell, the author of a great biography of his friend Samuel Johnson, wrote, “And he will be seen as he really was; for I profess to write, not his panegyric (颂文), which must all praise, but his life, which, great and good as he was, must not be supposed to be entirely perfect.”Much biographical writing falls short of Boswell’s standards. Ancient records of the deeds of kings and emperors were written to praise and flatter these rulers. Writers of saints’ (圣人) lives in the Middle Ages were often more interested in the moral message than the events of a life. Many 19th-century biographers did not reveal any improper or embarrassing details of their subjects’ lives. Though they may be interesting or inspiring, these works fail as biographies chiefly because their purpose is to point up a moral rather than describe an individual.___________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____8．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)An Extension of the Humans BrainOther people can help us compensate for our mental and emotional deficiencies(欠缺), much as a wooden leg can compensate for a physical deficiency. To be exact, other people can extend our intelligence and help us understand and adjust our emotions. When another person helps us in such ways, he or she is participating in what I’ve called a “social prosthetic (义肢的) system.” Such systems do not need to operate face-to-face, and it’s clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems. It’s already a big bank of many minds. Even in its current state, the Internet has extended my memory and judgment.Once I look up something on the Internet, I don’t need to keep all the details for future use-I know where to find that information again and can quickly and easily do so. More generally, the Internet functions as if it were my memory. This function of the Internet is particularly striking when I’m writing; I’m no longer comfortable writing if I’m not connected to the Internet. It’s become natural to check facts as I write, taking a minute or two to dip into PubMed, Wikipedia, or other websites.As for the judgment, the Internet has made me smarter in matters small and large. For example, when I’m writing a textbook it has become second nature to check a dozen definitions of a key term, which helps me dig into the core and understand its meaning. But more than that, I now regularly compare my views with those of many others. If I have a “new idea,” I now quickly look to see whether somebody else has already thought of it, or something similar-and I then compare what I think with what others have thought. This certainly makes my own views clearer. Moreover, I can find out whether my reactions to an event are reasonable enough by reading about those of others on the Internet.___________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____9．Directions：Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)A Shift From Classroom to CareerFor all the years spent in school preparing to enter the workplace, many recent graduates say that they struggle with the shift from classroom to career world and have difficulty adjusting to life on the job.Writer and editor Joseph Lewis believes that most of our school experiences are fairly predictable, while life in the working world is far more uncertain. In school, for example, the pattern stays more or less the same from year to year. In the workplace, however, constant change is the norm, and one has to adapt quickly.Another problem is that in school, many students spend a lot of time memorizing facts and repeating what they "learned" on tests. But in the workplace employees “are often expected to think critically and make decisions about their work, not just follow a supervisor's instructions." Less time needs to be spent in school on testing, says one recent report, and more on helping students to analyze information, solve problems, and communicate their ideas effectively.Finally, in the workplace, employees must regularly interact with others and are often dependent on their co-workers for their success. In other words, if an employee has to work with others to complete a given project, that employee's success not only depends on his hard work and expertise, but also on how well his colleagues perform.How can we better prepare young adults for the workplace?It is suggested that students should do an internship while they are in school. V olunteering part time at a company, hospital or government organization, for example, can help them gain experience and learn skills. Doing these will help prepare students for the realities of the workplace and make the transition from school to career world less stressful._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________10．Directions：Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point（s）of the passage in no more than 60 e your own words as far as possible.Read the world in 193 booksI used to think of myself as a person learned in books，but my bookshelves told a different story. Apart from a few Indian novels and an Australian book，my literature collection only consisted of British and American titles. Worse still，I hardly ever read anything in translation. My reading is limited to stories by English-speaking authors.So，at the start of 2020，I set myself the challenge of trying to read a book from every country of all 193 UN-recognized states in a year. I created a blog called A Year of Reading the World and put out an appeal for suggestions of titles that I could read in English. The response was amazing. Before I knew it，people all over the planet were getting in touch with ideas and offers of help. Some posted me books from their home countries.Others did hours of research on my behalf. In addition，several writers，like Turkmenistan's AkWelsapar and Panama's Juan David Morgan，sent me unpublished translations of their novels，giving me a rare opportunity to read works unavailable in Britain. Even with such an extraordinary team behind me，however，sourcing books was no easy task.But the effort was worth it. As I made my way through the planet's literary landscapes，extraordinary things started to happen. Far from simply armchair travelling，I found I was inhabiting the mental space of the storytellers. I discovered，book packing offered something that a physical traveler could hope to experience only rarely: it took me inside the thoughts of individuals living far away and showed me the world through their eyes. More powerful than a thousand news reports，these stories not only opened my mind to basic information of life in other places，but opened my heart to the way people there might feel. And that in turn changed my thinking.One by one, the books from the countries on the list that had begun as an intellectual exercise filled my heart with laughter，love，anger，hope and fear. Lands that had once seemed exotic and remote became close and familiar to me. At its best，I learned, fiction makes the world real._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________参考答案1．Being “outgoing” involves learning how to present yourself to others, starting conversations, and being more confident in yourself. Presenting yourself is to ask your friends, colleagues, or classmates to introduce you to their friends. Starting conversations means trying to make eye contact with the other people with a friendly smile in a social situation and using compliments. A good way to promote your confidence is to do something that makes you feel a little uncomfortable.【分析】本文是一篇说明文。
高考英语概要写作专项训练
概要写作1．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Have you had a headache during a test? Have you ever been so worried about something that you have a headache or even can’t sleep at night? If so, then you know what stress is.Stress is what you feel when you are worried about something. This worry in your mind can make your body feel bad. You may feel angry, sad, scared, or afraid——all of which can give you a stomachache or a headache.However, there are different kinds of stress. Some kinds of stress are good and others are bad.Good stress might happen when you’re called to answer questions in class or when you have to give a speech. This kind of stress can help you to get things better done. For example, you may do a better job on your test if the stress pushes you to prepare better before the test. On the other hand, bad stress can happen if the stress lasts too long. You may not feel well if your parents are fighting, if a family member is sick, if you’re having problems at school, or if anything else makes you unhappy every day. That kind of stress isn’t going to help you. And it can actually make you sick.The best way to fight the stress is to have a balanced life. Make sure you keep yourself in mind: Sleep, Exercise, Leisure, and Food. If you get enough sleep and eat properly, and if you exercise and leave time for fun, you’ll probably feel less stressed.___________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____2．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage with no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Sue and Johnsy are friends and they live in one studio.But Johnsy kept her bed. The doctor thought there was uncertain hope and he couldn’t see any confidence in Johnsy.At the same time, Johnsy lay on the bed, looking through the small window and counted “10、9” and “8、7......” She said feebly. When the last leaf fell she must go.Sue heard that and felt sad. She went to invite old Behrman, who was a painter with no achievement. And he always talked of his coming masterpiece.Behrman heard the story of Johnsy from Sue.After the beating rain and fierce wind that had endured through the night, there was still one leaf. And another terrible night, it was still here. Johnsy lay for a long time looking at it. Then she saw the life’s energy and wanted to live.With the help of doctor and Sue, Johnsy was out of danger. But the bad news was that the old Behrman died of pneumonia. And they knew the secret that the last leaf was just a painting, drew by Behramn in that terrible night.This is really a beautiful and sorrowful story. We can give other people energy, hope and love. You can see something glittering in our heart._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________3．阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
高考英语《书面表达》专题训练含答案
一、假定你是李华，你所在学校要举办英语戏剧节(The English Drama Festival)。
你们想邀请外教Peter 参加。
请你写一封信给Peter ，要点如下高考英语《书面表达》专题训练含答案:1.英语戏剧节的活动内容;2.邀请Peter 一起表演一个节目;3.期望Peter 对本次活动给出建议。
注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Peter ，The English Drama Festival of our school is to be held next week.Yours sincerely ，Li Hua二、假定你是武汉晨光中学的李华，你的澳大利亚笔友Mark 最近给你发来邮件，说他准备参加武汉12月31日举办的冬季马拉松比赛(marathon race)，希望你帮助他预订好旅馆，并带他游览市内著名景点(如黄鹤楼the Yellow Crane Tower ，东湖East Lake)。
请你给他写封回信，内容包括:1.回复他的要求;2.询问他到达的具体时间，待多久，以便你做具体安排。
注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;3.开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Mark ，Yours ，Li Hua三、假定你是李华，你和同学组建了一个名为“Starry Skies”的乐队。
你的美国留学生朋友Mike擅长吉他演奏，请你给他写一封电子邮件，邀请他加入乐队。
内容要点如下:1.写信目的;2.乐队介绍;3.排练时间和地点。
注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;3.开头语和结尾语已为你写好。
Dear Mike，How are you doing?Yours，Li Hua四、假定你是李华，最近收到了你的英国朋友Jacob的来信，得知他考上了一所名牌大学。
请你写信向他表示祝贺，并就你在大学专业选择上遇到的困惑征求他的意见。
高考英语专项练习：概要写作10篇
概要写作1The ideal teacherstudent relationship is one where both the teacher and the student learn and adapt to new ideas and reasoning. Just as a tour guide can't make you enjoy the time you spend wandering around the scenery, a teacher, despite their title, can't be the force that is responsible for the student's learning. However, like a good tour guide, a teacher can make it a lot nicer than it would be otherwise.The most important trait for a teacher to possess is the ability to adapt to their student's needs. If a teacher always works on a fixed schedule and never makes any changes, they will not be able to instruct the student as well as they would otherwise. They must be able to deviate (偏离), spending more time in the places that create confusion and less in the places that are quickly understood.In an ideal relationship, both the teacher and the student need to be gaining as much as possible at all times. Obviously knowledge is the most important thing to be gained but along with that there needs to be a level of satisfaction or accomplishment along with enjoyment. Someone can work like crazy and complete more than everyone else combined, but unless they feel that they have truly accomplished something. The task has no meaning simply because they will have done nothing in their minds. Whenever I become bored with something, I stop paying attention to it and start doing something else. It is therefore important for some form of enjoyment to be present otherwise nothing can be gained.The last requirement for an ideal teacherstudent relationship is that both are ready and willing to commit themselves to either their instructing or learning. Now this applies mainly to the student who is for the most part required to be there and less to the teacher who chooses to be there. The imbalance comes from the simple logic that the teacher is almost automatically committed. There are plenty of other professions out there. On the other hand a student is more obligated to be there instead of choosing to be there and thus has a much higher chance of not being committed than the teacher.[精彩范文]The perfect teacherstudent relationship is one where both the teacher and the student learn and adjust to new ideas and reasoning. (要点1) The teacher needs to adapt to the student's needs. (要点2) Both of them need to acquire knowledge along with satisfaction or accomplishment along with enjoyment. (要点3) And they must be ready and willing to commit themselves to either their coaching or learning. (要点4)概要写作2In recent years, publishers, directors and TV producers have taken a keen interest in popular online novels, thanks to their originality and solid fan base.Genre is an important factor. According to a survey by Chinese online literature platform Cloudary, of 100 online novels whose copyrights were sold by Cloudary for adaption in 2012, novels about city life, legends of historical tales and stories based on war were the most popular.Online author Liu Chenfeng's bestknown novel A Clear Midsummer Night is a love story. It attracted more than 30 million Web hits and won the top prize in the annual competition for Chinese romance novels in 2012. A TV adaption of the book, was a huge hit when broadcast in 2013. The success of the TV adaption has brought Liu greater popularity and more confidence in writing.Popular online writer Bao Jingjing worked with director Teng Huatao as the screenwriter for one of her online novels. The movie Love Is Not Blind, adapted from her story, became an instant hit in 2012. Bao graduated from Beijing Film Academy with a degree in literature. Her background gave her extra weight in winning the director's trust. The experience has led Bao on a new career path. She won the award for best adapted screenplay at the 49th Golden Horse Award in Taiwan in 2012.Literature websites have played an important role in this trend. Major websites, such as and Hongxiu. com, which are owned by Cloudary, haveestablished special branches to help film and TV producers who are looking for good stories and to deal with copyright licensing.Liu, who has entrusted the literature website to deal with her copyright licensing, thinks it makes things easier for writers and allows them to focus more on their works.However, many other writers have sought to work closely with film and TV producers and play an active role in the adaption process of their own works. The authors' unique understanding about the original works is valued by producers and directors.[精彩范文]The article discusses the impact of popular online novels. (要点1) The reason why people pay so much attention to the online novels is that there are both some reliable fans and original works, whose popular themes mostly correspond to people's feelings. (要点2) Of all the online authors, Liu Chenfeng and Bao Jingjing are representatives of the most successful. (要点3) And to their credit, they both become famous because their original works are highly praised by producers and directors, even other relevant departments. (要点4)概要写作3“I can't survive without music，” says fifteenyearold Steve. In the morning, Steve wakes up to his favourite music radio station. He listens to rock on the radio while he eats his breakfast. He puts on his personal stereo before he leaves the house and carries his cassette player on the bus to school.“Last week I put my headphones on in the maths class，” admits Steve. “Theteacher was really annoyed. She took my headphones away and I couldn't use them for a week. It was terrible.” At home Steve does his homework to music—loud music.“My mother usually shouts, ‘Turn it down！’”says Steve. “She can't understand how I can work with music on, but music helps me to fix my attention upon my studies.” Steve would like to make music himself. “I'm learning to play the guitar. Unluckily, it doesn't sound too good at the beginning. But I'm going to keep practising！”For teenagers like Steve, music is a very important part of life. Music is social; it brings people together at discos, parties and concerts. Fast, loud music is full of energy; it helps people to forget their problems and have fun. Music talks about love, freedom and imagination. There are always new songs and new styles.Meanwhile Steve's mother agrees that music brings some problems. “Steve is a sensible boy，” she says. “I don't think he would ever take drugs hearing rock. But I do worry about his hearing with all that loud music. And it drives me crazy！”[精彩范文]Teenagers like Steve can't survive without music. Steve is listening to music at any time, at any place and in any way. (要点1) He just felt terrible without listening to music for a week. (要点2) In Steve's opinion, music is beneficial in fixing his attention upon his studies. (要点3) There is no denying that music is an important part of life for teenagers. However, parents worry that loud music can affect teenagers' hearing. (要点4)概要写作4Specialists say it is not easy to get used to life in a new culture. “Culture shock”is the term these specialists employ when talking about the feelings that people have in a new environment. There are three stages of culture shock, say the specialists. In the first stage, the newcomers like their new environment. Then, when the fresh feeling dies, they begin to dislike the city, the country, the people there, and everything else. In the last stage, the newcomers begin to get used to their surroundings and, as a result, enjoy their life.There are some obvious factors in culture shock. The weather may be unpleasant. The customs may be different. The public service system—the telephone, post office, transportation—may be hard to work out. The simplest things seem to be big problems. The language may be difficult.Who feels culture shock? Everyone does in this way or that. But culture shock still surprises most people. Very often the people having the worst culture shock are those who seldom had difficulties in their home countries and were successful in their community. Coming to a new country, those people find they do not have the same established positions. They find themselves without a role, almost without an identity. They have to build a new selfimage.Culture shock gives rise to a feeling of disorientation (迷失方向). This feeling may be homesickness. When homesick, people like staying alone all the time. They want to protect themselves from the strange environment, and create an escape anywhere for a sense of safety. This escape does solve the problem of culture shock for a short term, but it does nothing to make the person familiar with the culture. Getting to know the new environment and gaining experience are the longterm solution to the problem of culture shock.[精彩范文]The first paragraph of the article gives the definition of “culture shock” and describes the three stages when people adapt to a new culture. (要点1) The second paragraph lists some factors in culture shock. (要点2) And the third paragraph tells the readers what kind of people will be the most affected by culture shock. (要点3) At last the author talks about the disadvantages culture shock has brought and ways toovercome it. (要点4)概要写作5Almost everyone has read about the Taj Mahal in India. It is one of the most beautiful buildings in the world. Over three hundred years ago, Shah Jehan built the Taj Mahal as the tomb for his wife. Shah Jehan wanted his wife's tomb to be perfect. He did not care about time or money. He brought together workmen from all Asia. Altogether, over 20,000 men worked on the building, and it took them over seventeen years to finish it.The building rests on a platform of red sandstone. Four thin white towers rise from the corners of the platform. A large dome rests from the centre of the building. Around this large dome there are four smaller ones.The building is made of fine white and coloured marble. It has eight sides and many arches. There is an open corridor just inside the outer walls. From this corridor, the visitor looks through the marble screen to a central room. The bodies of Shah Jehan and his wife lie in a tomb below this room.A beautiful garden surrounds the Taj Mahal. The green trees make the marble look even whiter. In front of the main entrance to the building there is a long, narrow pool. If you look in this pool, you can see all the beauty of the Taj Mahal in the reflection from the water.Many people think the Taj Mahal is the most beautiful at sunset. Then the marble picks up the colour of the sunset, and the building and its reflection in the pool gleam like red jewels.[精彩范文]The passage describes the famous Taj Mahal in India. The first paragraph explains why the Taj Mahal was built and how much time and labour were spent on it. (要点1) The second paragraph describes the location and appearance of the Taj Mahal. (要点2) The third paragraph details the building materials and the architecture styleof the Taj Mahal. (要点3) The last two sections picture the environment around the Taj Mahal. (要点4)概要写作6A year ago, I paid no attention to English idioms, though my teacher emphasised the importance again and again. But recently, the importance of English idioms was shown in an amusing experience.One day, I happened to meet an Englishman on the road, and soon we began to talk. As I was talking about how I was studying English, the foreigner seemed to be surprised. Gently shaking his head and shrugging his shoulders, he said, “You don't say！” “You don't say！”I was puzzled. I thought, perhaps this was not a proper topic. “Well, I'd better change the topic.” So I said to him, “Well, shall we talk about the Great Wall? By the way, have you ever been to the Great Wall？” “Certainly, everyone back home would laugh at me if I left China without visiting it. It is wonderful.” He was deep in thought when I began to speak like a tourist guide. “The Great Wall of China is one of the wonders in the world. We are very proud of it.” Soon I was stopped again by his words：“You don't say！” I couldn't help asking, “Why do you ask me not to talk about it？” “Well, I didn't ask you to do so，” he answered, greatly surprised. I said, “Didn't you say ‘you don't say’？”Hearing this, the Englishman laughed to tears. He began to explain, “‘You don't say’ actually means ‘Really’！It is an expression of surprise. Perhaps you don't payattention to English idioms.” Only then did I know how foolish I had been. Since then I have been more careful with idiomatic expressions.[精彩范文]概要写作7Einstein is a most famous and beloved scientist and recognized as an “icon” of “humanity in the face of the unknown”. Will science ever produce another Einstein?The problem isn't that modern physicists can't match Einstein's intellectual firepower. It's the fact that there are so many brilliant physicists alive today that it has become harder for any individual to stand apart from the pack.For the first half of the last century, physics yielded not only deep insights into nature but also history－jolting technologies like the atomic bomb, nuclear power, radar, lasers, transistors and all that make up the computer and communications industries. Physics mattered.Over the past few decades, many physicists have got stuck in pursuing a goal that obsessed Einstein in his later years: a theory that combines quantum physics and general relativity. Seekers of this “theory of everything” have wandered into fantasy realms of higher dimensions with little connection to our reality.After Israel's first president, the chemist Chaim Weizmann, died in 1952, the Israeli cabinet asked Einstein if he would consider becoming the country's president. Einstein politely declined.It is hard to imagine any modern scientist being treated in this manner. Einstein took advantage of his fame to speak out on nuclear weapons, nuclear power, militarism and other vital issues through lectures, essays, interviews, petitions and letters to world leaders. When he spoke, people listened.Einstein also possessed a moral quality that set him apart even in his own time. According to Robert Oppenheimer, the dark angel of nuclear physics, Einstein showed us “a wonderful purity, at once childlike and profoundly stubborn\”．The aspiring scientists and engineers I met at school give me hope that science has a bright future. But I suspect that we will never see Einsteins again because he was a unique product of the special time and nature.Einstein didn't think he lived up to his own reputation. “I am no Einstein，\” he once said. On top of all his other qualities, the man is modest.[精彩范文]What has been puzzling the world is why we haven't seen another Einstein since he died. (要点1) Actually, so many brilliant physicists stand out but no one can be singled out like Einstein. (要点2) Einstein made incomparable achievements against his peers, and his special quality and contributions to the world peace are beyond comparison. (要点3) In a word, Einstein is the unique combination of time, achievements, especially his super quality. (要点4)概要写作8Works of literature can be written in a wide variety of forms. These different types or sorts of writing are known as genre (类型). We can classify literary works by what they have in common—their styles or what they are about, for example. On a simple level, organizing works of literature into genres helps us understand the variety of literary works.Prose writing can be divided into two main types: fiction and nonfiction. Fiction includes stories that are made up by the author. They are not true in a factual sense but they may be based on scientific, historical or geographic facts. Within the broad area of fiction, we can distinguish two main types: realistic fiction and historical fiction.Realistic fiction includes stories that are set in the contemporary world and are about people and events that could happen. Most bestsellers are of this style. Realistic fiction itself has many subdivisions (划分) such as crime fiction, adventure stories and romantic stories. Stories set in the past and based on historical facts are historical fiction. Some of the characters in the stories are imaginary, while others may be real people from the past. Much of this type of fiction centers on wars or political events.Nonfiction books are based on facts and include genres such as biography, history, popular science and reference works such as dictionaries.[精彩范文]Different types of literary works can be called genres. (要点1) For example, fiction can be divided into two main types. (要点2) Stories in realistic fiction are about events that could happen in the contemporary world, while historical fiction is about stories that are based on historical facts. (要点3) Nonfiction books are written according to facts. (要点4)概要写作9February has long been a month of romance. With the sweet smell of roses in the air, romantic films hit cinemas and love stories fill newspapers and magazines.On the 14th day, it is a custom for a boy to take his girlfriend out to dinner, buy her flowers and chocolate, write poems, sing to her or even spell out her name with rose petals! This is what you see on Valentine's Day, a day named after Valentine who was a priest in the third century Rome. When the emperor decided that single men could become better soldiers than those with wives, he didn't allow marriage.But Valentine continued to perform marriage ceremonies for young lovers in secret. When his actions were discovered, the emperor sentenced him to death. While in prison, it is said that V alentine fell in love with the daughter of his prison guard. Before his death, he wrote her a letter, which he signed “From your Valentine”，an expression that is still in use today. Valentine died for what he believed in and so he was made a saint, as well as becoming one of the most romantic characters in history.Nowadays, Valentine's Day is still popular among Chinese young people. Some students are planning to make Valentine's cards for parents, teachers and friends. Others want to hold parties at which they will exchange small gifts and eatheartshaped cakes. The idea is to have fun and encourage people to share in the spirit of St. Valentine.[精彩范文]February is considered to be a month full of romance, because Valentine's Day falls on February 14th. (要点1) It is also a day named after Valentine and observed in honour of the priest. (要点2) Valentine hated war and performed marriage ceremonies for young lovers secretly. He was regarded as one of the most romantic characters inhistory. (要点3) With more western festivals coming to China, Valentine's Day is still popular among Chinese young people, but it has been granted more meaning and purposes. (要点4)概要写作10American English began in the 17th century. At the beginning of the 17th century, the English language was brought to North America by colonists from England. They used the language spoken in England, that is, the language used by Shakespeare.In order to exploit new resources in America, British colonists settled down there and from 1607 to 1732 set up thirteen colonies, including Virginia North Carolina, Georgia, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey and Connecticut. In these thirteen areas, English was a common language used by all people. The first colonists established the English form in America.As time went by, the English language gradually changed on both sides of the Atlantic. Foreigners longing for wealth set foot in the coastal area to trade. Americans adopted many words from foreign languages and invented numerous new words to meet their commercial needs.Following American Independence, famous people like Thomas Jefferson, the President, began to consider that the country should have a language of its own. Noah Webster compiled (编撰) three elementary books on English. Later, he expressed the idea that as an independent nation, America should have a system of its own in language as well as in government. After the second half of the 19th century, many great writers such as Mark Twain helped the development of American English.English in America has developed a character of its own, reflecting the life and the physical and social environment of the American people. Since the rise of the United States to a position of world importance, American English has beendeveloping and changing. There is no doubt that American English will enrich the English language greatly. With the rapid development of modern mass media and the common needs of economic, cultural and political exchanges, American English will be more widely used in the world than British English.[精彩范文]。
高考英语概要写作专项训练
概要写作1．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Want to join the online fitness program?Online training is one of the fastest growing section of the fitness industry. A 2015 study found that more than half of all smartphone users had downloaded a fitness or health app. If you’re considering joining the online fitness community, consider these benefits and drawbacks.There are many reasons that online training may work for you. As long as you have access to pre-downloaded videos or a WiFi connection for streaming videos, you can work out wherever you are.Besides, compared with similar offline programs, most online fitness programs range in cost between $10 and $20 per month. This is due in part to the wider audience and the greater opportunity to sell programs to more people.All this growth is incredibly positive — it provides health and fitness resources to the general consumer wherever they happen to be, without requiring access to a gym or fitness studio. But it’s not without problems.The first thing to think about when considering an online fitness program is “know yourself.” If you struggle with self-motivation, you don’t like exercising at home, and you prefer a social workout environment, online fitness may not be for you. Not to mention the fact that very few online fitness programs enable the instructor to see you, check your form, and offer modifications or corrections based on your performance. This means you might perform exercises incorrectly, or even unsafely, without knowing it, which is particularly concerning for beginners and those recovering from injuries, as they’re more likely to perform exercises incorrectly.Therefore, like any training format, there are pros and cons to consider when deciding if it is right for you. Take time and make the most suitable decision to reap more benefits._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________2．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible.The Paper ArchitectFor a long time, Zaha Hadid was known as “the paper architect,” someone whose grand designs never left the page to become real buildings. But in recent years her buildings have sprung up like mushrooms all over the world: the Guangzhou Opera House in China, a car factory in Germany, a contemporary art museum in Rome, a transportation museum in Scotland, and the Aquatics Center for the 2012 Olympics in London.Pinning down her individual style is difficult. Certainly Hadid has been influenced by the modem trend in architecture that likes to play with the traditional shape of buildings and fragment (分解) them, creating unpredictable angles and surfaces. Working in this way, she and her fellow architects have produced some spaceship-like structures that seem to go against the normal laws of engineering.The idea of offering the viewer multiple perspectives from within the building is a theme that runs through Hadid’s work. Her most famous building, MAXXI—a museum for the 21st century— in Rome, is a great example. It is a complex and spectacular structure of interlocking concrete shapes. Inside spaces interconnect Tike winding streets, so that the visitor is surprised and charmed at each turn. The Rosenthal Center in Cincinnati produces a similar effect. Like an extension of the street it sits on, it draws you in, with walkways directing you this way and that, and windows inviting you to sample the view. “It’s about promenading” says Hadid, “being able to pause, to look out, look above, look sideways.”So what inspires someone like Hadid to produce such different buildings? She speaks in complimentary terms about the work of her contemporaries. She also cites the natural landscape and organic geological patterns as an influence. But it is not a question that she seems too concerned with and nor perhaps should we be. Hadid is an artist, sharing with us her vision of what buildings should be like and always, as she does so, trying to keep human interests—our interests as users and viewers—at heart._______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________3．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.Men may eat more in summerWinter may be seen as the time to fill up with food, but in fact, sunny summer months are when men eat more calories—unlike women.The effect seems to occur because sunlight makes the skin release an appetite-stimulating hormone (激素), says Carmit Levy at Tel Aviv University in Israel. Levy and her colleagues noticed the effect in experiments in mice, in which male animals exposed to UV light (紫外线) ate more food.To see if humans do the same, the team used data on about 3000 people who had filled in questionnaires as part of the Israeli government’s national health and nutrition survey. Between March and September, the men consumed about 17 per cent more calories per day than they did during the rest of the year, while the women’s food intake stayed about the same.Human appetite is influenced by many complex systems, but a substance called ghrelin, a hormone produced in the body that stimulates appetite, seems to be the only hormone that directly stimulates eating. It was thought to be mainly produced by the stomach when empty. “It tells the brain to eat more,” says Caroline Gorvin at the University of Birmingham, UK.Further investigation revealed that exposing male mice to UVB (紫外线B 段波) radiation, which is present in sunlight, raised levels of ghrelin production by fat cells in their skin. This was blocked by the female sex hormone, which may explain why the effect wasn’t seen in the female mice or the women. Boosted ghrelin production was also seen in men’s skin samples that were exposed to UV light in the lab.Skin hasn’t previously been thought to play a role in appetite, says Gorvin. The reason for the effect is unclear, but it may be an adaptive response to fuel greater physical activity in summer, says Levy.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________4．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Should Hand Feeding Dolphins Be Encouraged?Some tourist centers train Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins to approach beachside public sighting areas or boats by hand-feeding them small amounts of fish every day. Because hand-fed males aggressively attack each other over the food, putting themselves and nearby humans in danger, tourist centers focus their hand feeding only on female dolphins, says Valerie Senigaglia at Murdoch University in Perth, AustraliaBut recent studies have shown that only 38% of the calves (崽) of hand-fed wild dolphins survive to three years of age, which is much lower than the average 77% survival rate for wild calves in general. To better understand why, Senigaglia and her colleagues evaluated the social behavior of dolphins around the Bunbury coast in Western Australia. In particular, they observed the individual behavior and movement of 35 dolphins, including 13 that had been hand-fed using a small boat. They regularly followed each dolphin for periods lasting from 20 minutes to 3 hours for two years in a row for a total of 180 hours.They found that hand-fed dolphins swam in relatively large groups, but more readily broke away from them to join different ones. In general, they created weak ties with other group members. “You can feel lonely in a room full of people and it’s the same thing for dolphins,” says Senigaglia. Free-swimming dolphins that are fed by hand become less socially involved with their peers. As a result, their calves may grow up lacking vital social skills-which could explain, at least in part, why they are twice as likely to die before reaching adulthood as wild calves generally.No wonder animal right activists are calling on the practice of hand-feeding dolphins to be stopped._______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________5．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Is Leather Good or Not?For thousands of years, humans have used leather to make everything from clothing to furniture to footwear. The skin of animals is a material that is strong, hard-wearing and flexible. These qualities make leather a popular material for many different products, but more people are becoming concerned about the potential harm caused by items they buy. Should we respect ancient traditions or is having real leather not as important as it used to be?The treatment of animals raised for their skins is a massive issue. According to the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), more than 2.29 billion cows, pigs and goats are killed each year for their hides. This does not include the animal skin of fancier leather products, such as sheep, crocodiles, kangaroos and lizards.There’s also an environmental problem. Producing leather is a very polluting process, because it requires treating the skins with chemicals. During the procedure, called tanning, chemicals change the fibres (纤维) inside the leather, making it tougher. A tanning facility uses more than 60,000 litres of water for every tonne of leather produced. It uses huge amounts of poisonous chemicals, including substances containing heavy metals such as chromium, which when washed out ends up in nearby soil and drinking water that people use.However, the making of leather is not entirely negative. Selling animal skin is a key source of income for remote populations such as the Inuit people in Canada. Every day, cows, pigs and goats are killed for their meat to be sold in supermarkets. It’s respectful not to waste anything, and without leather their skins would have to be buried or burned.Although there are alternatives to leather, some of these fabrics are only 85% to 90% biodegradable (可生物降解的). Vegan leather can be made from plastics which take years to biodegrade, so it’s actually worse for the planet.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________6．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Why Don’t We Use the Math We Learn in School?How much of the math you’ve learned in school is used in everyday life? For the majority of people, the answer is surprisingly little. Clearly, some people learn math very well and apply it in everyday problem-solving settings. The question is why most people don’t, in spite of spending many years practicing it.The first explanation blames the failure of education. One of the major barriers to using a skill in real life is automaticity. We tend to find the least-effort solution to our problem. If struggling through a math problem is hard for you, you’ll find a different way to solve it that doesn’t rely on math. The familiar model for teaching mathematics revolves around teachers telling students certain rules, applying those rules to examples and students then practicing problems similar to the examples seen in class. By teaching in this way, a lot of the work and deep thought that went into the creation of these mathematical rules is lost. In that sense, people were never taught math thoroughly enough to use it automatically in real life.The second explanation is a little different. It argues that people may develop competence in math classes, but they struggle to translate real-life problems into a format where they can use their mathematics knowledge. This seems most apparent in the case of applying algebra (代数). Students struggle with algebra, but they particularly struggle with word problems. Yet, the equivalent real-life problems are typically much harder than word problems. From this perspective, what people struggle with is not doing math, but recognizing where and how to apply math to real problems.Educational researchers now emphasize the importance of transfer and deep understanding. They believe we need to give students more training in noticing and converting everyday situations into the math problems they know how to solve. By using real-life math applications,students can make connections between math and everyday life._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________7．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are Oceans Silent?Most sea creatures, from whales and dolphins to fish, sharks and shrimps, respond to sound, and many can produce it. They use it to hunt and to hide, find mates and food, send messages and give warnings, establish territories, warn off competitors, confuse their targets, deceive enemies, and sense changes in water and conditions. Marine animals click bones, grind teeth and belch gases (磨牙打嗝); use special organs to make various noises. Far from the ‘silent deep’, the oceans are so noisy.Into this age-long confused noise, in the blink of an evolutionary eye, has entered a new thunder: the trembling sound of mighty engines as 46,220 large ships passed the world’s shipping courses. Scientists say that background noise in the ocean has increased roughly by 15 decibels (分贝) in the past 50 years. It may not sound like much in overall terms, but it is enough, according to many marine biologists, to mask the normal sounds of ocean life going about its business. At its most intense, some even say noise causes whales to become disoriented, dolphins to suffer from ‘the bends’, fish to go deaf, leave their breeding grounds or fail to form groups—enough to disorganize the basic biology of two thirds of the planet.“Undersea noise pollution is like the death of a thousand cuts”, says Sylvia Earie, chief scientist of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. “Each sound in itself may not be a matter of critical concern, but taken all together, the noise from shipping,earthquake-related surveys, and military activity is creating a totally different environment than existed even 50 years ago. That high level of noise is bound to have a hard, sweeping impact on life in the sea._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________8．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.ChatbotsWhat if instead of clicking on link after link on a company’s website, you could type a question and get an immediate, customized answer? Some companies are working to make this a reality using chatbots. Chatbots are computer programs that can communicate with human beings by phone, on messaging apps or on websites.There are two types of chatbots: open and closed. A closed chatbot follows a script, which may or may not involve using AI (artificial intelligence) to understand users’ messages. An open chatbot uses AI both to figure out what users want and to generate responses. Open chatbots are able to learn from their conversations and thus improve their ability to communicate over time. This means that open chatbots can respond to a wider range of inquiries, compared with closed chatbots. Communicating with them feels more natural, but if they have not been correctly trained, users may have a bad experience with them.One significant advantage of chatbots is that they are available all the time, even in the middle of the night. Plus, a single chatbot can cater to multiple users at once. This means that users can get immediate answers to their questions rather than waiting for a human representative. Chatbots have the potential to overcome several technological problems people face. These include difficulty in searching websites and trouble finding basic information and answers to simple questions.However, in order for chatbots to work, humans are still indispensable (不可或缺的). Someone has to program the chatbots initially, train them, and maintain and improve the chatbot system. Further, even open chatbots may not have the answers to detailed questions, and many people simply prefer speaking to a human rather than a chatbot. Thus, chatbots are unlikely tocompletely replace human agents. Rather, they will help users resolve simple problems so that customer service representatives can focus on more difficult issues._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________9．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Graduates Turn to TeachingChina has witnessed a 66-fold increase in the number of applicants for teaching qualification tests over the past decade, and experts say the popularity has mainly been driven by more graduates chasing stable jobs. According to the latest figures from the Ministry of Education, the number of applicants for teaching exams each year has grown from 172,000 to 11.44 million in the past decade.Experts said the sharp increase corresponds with the increase in teachers’ salaries and status within society, and it is expected to bring about an overall improvement in quality teaching. However, another big reason for the enthusiasm for teaching posts is that the challenging and complicated employment situation is driving graduates toward stable jobs such as working as teachers and government officials.Chu Zhaohui, a senior researcher at the National Institute of Education Sciences, said the popularity of teaching posts is closely associated with people’s changing perception of the economic situation, job stability and security, which are major concerns for graduates.In view of the coronavirus epidemic in recent years, many college graduates just want a stable job, so teaching suddenly becomes a very popular profession, and many students fromwell-known universities have joined the competition. Of course, everyone has their own ideas. Take Wang Lin for example. Wang Lin, who graduated from a famous university, said she had wanted to be a history teacher since middle school, inspired by her own history teacher. She added she had a good impression of her teachers from an early age and was grateful to those who had taught her. In fact, there are many such cases.While passing the teaching qualification test is the first step to becoming a teacher in China, landing a post at schools in big cities can be very competitive._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________10．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Out of Sight, Out of MindTechnology has made paying all sorts of bills incredibly easy. The real-time budget apps, which capture our spending and pay our bills automatically, should theoretically give us more control over our money. But why, in real life, do they do the opposite?It helps to think about how we used to pay. My parents describe a process that would involve three separate points of contact whenever they paid for something with a credit card: first, at the cash register, then when a bill came in the mail and finally when they wrote a check to cover it. While each of the checkpoints is technically still there, automation has given us a chance to skip the second and the third. For bills paid automatically through a banking app, even the first checkpoint can be gone. We know that it is happening in the background, but it’s so far out of view that it might as well not be there. How do we get that connection back, without giving up the convenience that technology has brought us?The good news is that though technology has taken away something, it can also give. Much of the battle is simply recognizing what we’ve lost. If we want to be smart about our money and have thorough control over it, we need to bridge that gap between what we spend on and how much we pay. We can start using personal-finance apps to do more than make our lives easier. These apps can send us notifications when each automatic payment is being made and categorize purchases, sending us instant spending reports. Admittedly, those tools require the user to sign up for these services and make conscious efforts to take full advantage of them. In this way, they are arguably better practice than balancing a checkbook on a Saturday morning._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________参考答案：1．The advantages and disadvantages of online training should be both considered when people decide whether to take part in. Easy access and lower prices of online training programs contributes to its popularity. However, for those who lack self-motivation and need in-person instruction, these programs aren’t suitable and may even be unsafe. Hence, think twice before making the decision. (58 words)【导语】本文是一篇说明文。
高考英语专题复习：概要写作四篇及答案
高考英语专题复习：概要写作四篇及答案一I’m about to begin my fifth season of tree planting. Each year, around this time, I have mixed feelings about the job. Never have I loved a job so much while hating it with equal measure. Before a season, after living in the coziness of my home for the winter months, I begin to romanticize and crave (渴望) the challenges of life in the bush.I mainly plant trees on the coast of British Columbia (英属哥伦比亚，加拿大西部之一省) and get paid between 25 and 45 cents a tree. The job can be profitable: It gives planters the opportunity to lead a roaming (漫游的) lifestyle, with a temporary obligation to spend a few months filling their bank accounts. But there are many challenges.In the early hours of the morning, we join our teams and travel along rough (崎岖不平的) roads deep into the woodlands. During the ride, we prepare ourselves for the difficult challenges that lay ahead.When stepping out of the trucks, often in the pouring rain, we’re faced with a steep chunk (块) of land that’s just been logged (砍伐). I step into the rain and fill my bags with hundreds of tiny trees. The conversations with my team become strategic with a few jokes to boost(改善) the mood. Seasoned tree-planters treat this more like a sport than a job, and competition fills the air.Once our bags are full, we suppress (抑制) any reluctance and charge up that hillside. We jump from log to log, and if they roll out from under our feet, we grab (抓住) onto branches –or anything within reach –and swing (摇摆) around like monkeys. We push through stinging (带刺的) bushes. We stumble (跌跌撞撞) and fall constantly, always pushing ourselves to go faster among groups of insects that we often breathe in.While tree planting, I am confronted with someone else; a self I thought I knew. It is a person I try to come to peace with on those hillsides, during those strange days of isolation (隔绝) and deep thinking.Tree planting is a laboratory of self-examination and growth. You master your mind, confronting the worst and the best in your nature, pushing yourself as hard as you can. A new version (版本) of yourself awaits at the end of the experience.Summary writing 概要写作Please write a summary of the article in about 60 words.参考范文I have mixed feelings about tree planting. This job can be profitable as well as challenging. When I plant trees, I’m confronted with another me. Tree planting brings self-examination and growth, and you must push yourself as hard as you can. Finally, a new version of you appears.二I was with my mom one day as we took a walk while window shopping. We both knew we wouldn’t be buying much.I remember I was looking up at the people we passed as we walked. Ladies wore five-inch heels and bright clothing. Men wore expensive scents (香水) and creams that wiped away (擦去) the wrinkles (皱纹) on their faces.An uneasy feeling started to settle in my chest. I could deny it no longer; I was ashamed of my mother.We were in a high-class neighborhood –I knew that. We lived in a small, overpriced apartment building at the edge of our county. Mom chose to move there because she knew the schools were good. I realized for the first time that we didn’t belong there.I could see the heavy lines around mom’s eyes and mouth. She wore cheap clothes and worn-out shoes. Her eyes were tired from working long hours to make ends meet, and her hair was too gray for her age.My mom is nothing extraordinary, yet at that moment, she stood out because she was just so plain. I didn’t want to be seen with her, althoughthere was no one important around to see me anyway. I felt embarrassed about being at her side.We were standing in the middle of a high-end store, and mom was holding a sweater.She said, “This will look good on you. Do you want it?”It was much too expensive, but I almost thoughtlessly answered “yes”.Then I took a closer look at the small, tired woman with a big smile and a sweater in her hands, happy to be giving me something so nice. My words died in my throat.Her clothes were worn and old because she spent her money buying me new ones. She looked so tired because she was busy working to provide for (供养) me. She didn’t wear jewelry or perfumes because she was content with spending what little money she had on me.Suddenly, mother was beautiful and extraordinarily wonderful in my eyes.I was no longer ashamed of her, but of myself.“Do you want it?”my mom repeated.“No, thanks.”Summary writing 概要写作Please write a summary of the article in about 60 words.参考答案I used to feel ashamed of my mother because she was ordinary .But I found she was wonderful because she loved me so much .She was content with spending little on herself but was willing to spend more on me .I regretted being ashamed of her and loved her .三Skateboarding has been my life since I was 8 years old. Before I knew how to stand up, I would sit on my cousin’s old board and roll down the hills of Cáceres, my hometown in Spain.When I was at university, I heard about Skate-Aid, an organization that builds skate parks for children in disadvantaged communities (群体). I’ve always wanted to make a positive impact on the world, and if there were a way to do that through skateboarding, I would be there.I got a call in early 2019 that the next project would be in Syria. I was anxious. We flew to Lebanon (黎巴嫩) and drove from Beirut to Damascus (大马士革，叙利亚首都). We stopped at checkpoints (检查站) every few minutes. I didn’t understand Arabic, and all the men I could see were armed.Our destination was Qudsaya, a city 7 kilometers west of Damascus. Damage from the war was everywhere: roads were cracked (砸开) andbuildings were covered in holes from shooting (枪击), in which birds had built nests.We were building a skate park in an area that had been largely destroyed, except for a small structure (建筑物) where a family of five was living. They’d fled their home in the north. The mother was so welcoming, bringing us tea and coffee every morning.It took 28 days to build the park. We’d get up early and spend all day working. This was going to be Syria’s first skate park, and many people wanted to help.The kids would watch us skating down the street and were so excited. When we finished the bowl (碗池), I put them on a board one by one, and they were amazed by the feeling of rolling along. One boy was a natural (天才). He had never skated before, but within a week he was already skating well.We stayed for two months. I keep in touch with the kids, and they send me videos of the tricks they’ve learned. When we left, there were 400 children going to the park every day. I’ve been to so many countries, but Syria was special. I’ll go back as soon as I can.Summary writing 概要写作Please write a summary of the article in about 60 words.参考范文：Skateboarding has been my life since I was a child. Though the life was not easy an safe ,I still kept on skating in the park and skated together with the children in Syria .It also brought happiness to the children there .I try my best to return t the country at times because i feel it is special ,where i can help the children there to get their laughter.四My family is still recovering from the terrible times of the past couple of years. They began when my teenaged stepson became ill. His autoimmune disease (自身免疫性疾病) led to kidney (肾) failure and an ongoing (持续的) need for treatment (治疗).As anyone who has cared for a sick child knows, the stress doesn’t go away. And there was so much stress. My husband and I were exhausted, and it was as if we forgot how to communicate –we couldn’t have a simple conversation without fighting. Our once-happy home had become tense (紧张的) and unhappy.In a rare event of communication, my stepson and I were discussing Valentine’s gifts. I recalled (回想起) that his dad gave me a kazoo (卡祖笛) for our first Valentine’s Day.My reaction to this gift was embarrassment when I, a professional saxophone (萨克斯) player, couldn’t get it to make a sound. The kazoo eventually got packed away and forgotten.But he was interested and asked to see it. After some trouble, I found it.“You couldn’t get a sound?”he asked, amazed, turning it around in his hands. “What’s so hard about it?”“I don’t know. It just never worked.”My husband grabbed (抓住) the kazoo –“It’s easy! Look, you just do this …”–and blew. Nothing happened. Surprised, he tried again. Still there was no sound.Frustrated (挫败的), he tried again, only to produce a sound like an angry bumblebee (大黄蜂) trapped in the mouth of a bear.My stepson burst into laughter.Seeing his face light up like that was wonderful. Soon, we were all laughing to the point of tears.It was as if the gloom (阴郁) had lifted, and a ray of sunshine was let in. Eyes met and souls reconnected. My stepson took a turn on the kazoo. He did no better than us. More laughing.It was the best 10 minutes of the past couple of years.The mood stayed light for the rest of the evening. Months later, we still remembered it. It didn’t solve anything. While my stepson recentlyunderwent a successful kidney transplant, his life will always have challenges.But this experience with the kazoo proved to be a turning point. It showed us that there are still things to laugh at and enjoy and that we can still connect as a family. Thanks to a simple kazoo, we remembered that we are one.1. What can we know about the author’s family from the first two paragraphs?A. They argued a lot after her stepson became ill.B. They were all optimistic about her stepson’s future.C. They didn’t have enough money to treat her stepson’s disease.D. They supported each other while taking care of her stepson.2. Why was the author embarrassed by the gift?A. She didn’t like the gift at all.B. She was not able to play it.C. She forgot where she had put it.D. She failed to get her stepson interested in it.3. What does the underlined word “lifted”probably mean?A. Deepened.B. Missed.C. Rose.D. Disappeared.4. After playing the kazoo together, the author’s family ______.A. fell in love with musicB. felt reconnected with each otherC. successfully solved the challenges they facedD. understood the meaning of gift-givingSummary writing 概要写作Please write a summary of the article in about 60 words.参考答案Our once-happy home became gloomy due to my stepson’s illness. One day, we tried to get a kazoo to make a sound. This experience was a turning point for us. We enjoyed funny moments and a happy mood. It didn’t solve anything, but we learned from it that there are still things to enjoy and that we are a family.第11 页共11 页。
书面表达(新高考概要写作类)(解析版)
专题30 书面表达（新高考概要写作类）1. 【2019·浙江】概要写作(满分25分)阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, "We've gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict." By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they're building their children's confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that's insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents' praise has put them.Still, don't go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging gas giving too much. Kids will feel like they're not good enough or that you don't care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward." We should especially recognize our children's efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal, "says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. "One thing to remember is that it's the process not the end product that matters."Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he's out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate(相称的)to the amount of effort your child has put into it.____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________【答案】Nowadays, parents tend to offer considerate praise to their children, hoping to boost their confidence, but it may produce the opposite effect.（要点1）However, no praise from parents also does harm to their self-confidence. （要点2）Therefore, experts claim that sincere praise should be given for the processnot for the result. Meanwhile, kids do deserve praise if they strive to do their duty. （要点3）Anyway, the amount of praise you have depends on how hard they work. （要点4）【解析】作为概要写作，要注意每段归纳主题句和关键词，然后通过词汇替换，句式转变等多种方式，改写要点，要注意一定要用自己的语言，不可以完全照搬照抄。
高考英语概要写作专项训练
概要写作1．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Cycling isn’t always easy. Busy streets, honking horns, and inadequate bike lanes can make it an uphill battle. But not even these difficulties can stop Europeans’ passion for cycling. According to BBC, bicycles outsold cars in most of the European Union’s states last year.There are traditional bicycle capitals”, such as Amsterdam in the Netherlands and Copenhagen in Denmark. But in many other traditionally car-made countries, the shift to bikes is striking. Italians, for instance, bought 1.6 million bikes against 1.4 million cars in 2012.So what has led to cycling’s growing popularity in Europe?The economic crisis has played an important role in the issue. “The economic crisis has had an effect on all areas of people’s lives, including on transport,” Giulietta Pagliaccio, head of the Italian cycling federation FIAB, told the Australian Associated Press.Since the European debt crisis broke out in 2009, more people lost their jobs while the cost of living, including fuel costs, continued to rise. It forced many people to give up driving to save money, the Guangzhou-based New Express commented. Take Greece, a country seriously hit by the crisis, for example. It sold 320,000 bikes last year against 58,000 cars.More importantly, people have changed their views toward cars and bikes. Cars are losing their appeal as status symbols. Yet, cycling is now seen as “a safe, clean, healthy, inexpensive way to get around town”, the Daily Star concluded. “It not only reduces traffic jam and pollution, but also contributes to public health.”However, with more and more people turning to cycling, questions remain about traffic and safety problems.To ease people’s worries, dozens of cities have joined a European Union to make bicycles equal to cars as a form of urban transport. Quite a few cities now offer well-marked bike lanes, such as the cycling super-highway marked in blue in London. It runs all over the city, from the center to the suburbs._______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _2．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.91. The Problem of PackagingA large source of rubbish is packaging material. It often makes up more than 30 percent of the total. To understand why this is true, think of the packaging commonly used for a simple product, such as toothpaste. The packaging includes not only the tube for the toothpaste, but also the box for the tube. This box is put into a plastic wrapper. Then, the boxes are transported in a cardboard container.Most packaging material ends up in a landfill after it is thrown away. Though necessary, landfills take up valuable space, often stink, and can leak harmful substances into the soil. Landfills not included, the production of packaging material itself is a major source of air and water pollution.People are now trying to solve the problems caused by packaging materials. In 1991, Germany took the lead by requiring companies to recycle the packaging used for their goods. To do this, the companies set up recycling bins in every neighborhood. Consumers now separate their rubbish into three categories—metal, plastic and paper cartons. They then put it into the appropriate bin. The rubbish sorted, it is transported to recycling company for processing.The programme worked well at first. However, the amount of rubbish has begun to increase again. One reason for this is that many consumers no longer reduce waste because they think the problem is solved. It seems that to properly deal with the problem of rubbish, everyone must remain alert and do their part._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _3．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.“Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday?” Lindsey whispers to Tori.With her eyes shining, Tori brags, “You bet I did, Sean told me two days ago.”What are Lindsey and Tori talking about? I can tell you what they are saying is not nice and not even true. Still, Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip. I have noticed the effects of gossip.An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic - breakups, trouble at home, even dropping out -that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie, people often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain.If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? That answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group”.Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten, unspoken rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have._______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________4．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.It’s no laughing matterMuch research has been conducted about why humans laugh and what they laugh at—not only by psychologists, but also by philosophers, for the study of laughter crosses many disciplines. So, why do we laugh?The general belief is that humans laugh as a social bonding mechanism. Studies have shown that humans are over 30 times more likely to laugh with others than alone. Even “laughing gas” works more effectively on a group of people than on a single person. We all know that laughter can be very infectious.Some researchers believe that laughter in humans was born out of the relief our ancestors felt after danger had passed. If smiling in humans is considered an extension of the “fear” face in primates (灵长类动物), then laughter is a signal that the fear has gone. When we laugh, our “fight or flight” reaction to danger is temporarily switched off, further indicating that we now feel relaxed. So laughter is a way of discharging stress and anxiety.Although laughter is universal, people don’t always laugh at the same things, and what people find funny often changes as they get older. Children find a lot to laugh about, as they are encountering so many things for the first time, which offers constant surprises. Teenagers often like jokes that adults find annoying, while adults often laugh at jokes about funny things in their own everyday lives. Furthermore, because a lot of our humor comes from a shared cultural background, countless jokes don’t cross language and cultural barriers, with the result that what’s funny in Australia may well not be in Austria.Regardless of what different people find funny, people ought to laugh as much as they can. While we’re laughing, we increase the killer cells that destroy viruses. So, the next time someone tells you they nearly died laughing, tell them it’s far from the truth!______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________5．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
高考英语写作专题复习：概要写作 练习题6篇(含答案)
高考英语写作专题复习：概要写作练习题6篇一I’ve been taking time this week to smell the roses. Literally. I bend over in my neighbors’front yard, check that nobody is watching, then bury my head in the flowers.I’ve also been walking into bakeries and walking around without buying anything.After having surgery (外科手术) on my broken nose 18 months ago, I haven’t been able to smell or taste things.This week, however, my nose is back in business.I’ve been overwhelmed by smells, and it’s given me a new way of thinking. Scent is just one of the little bits and pieces that make life enjoyable, but which we often ignore. I remember once, when my son was 5 months old, I was carrying him down the street. Wind swept through and almost tipped us over. He threw his little head back and giggled (傻笑). He’d never felt the wind on his face. When is the last time I laughed at the weather?The first time I ate bacon, I rushed home to my parents, determined that we ate this deliciousness at every meal. My father smiled and agreed.Do you recall when you learned that the voice actors of Mickey and Minnie Mouse were married in real life? Do you enjoy sleeping in new, clean bedsheets? Is there someone on the radio whose voice is as smooth as velvet (天鹅绒)?We don’t write postcards about the small things. We don’t frame them in photographs. They aren’t that great or grand, but without them, life is altogether too loud. These quiet experiences give us a chance to enjoy the simple fact of being alive.As my sense of smell returns to me, it’s like I’m smelling things for the first time. They’re full of memories and magic. Food tastes better, and the air is indeed sweet. I know what the poets mean now. It almost makes my broken nose worthwhile. Now, I am waiting for this bandage to come off. There’s an itch (痒) I can’t reach!Summary writing 概要写作Please write a summary of the article in about 60 words.参考答案possible versionI lost my sense of smell after surgery months ago. However, this week, my sense of smell is back along with a new way of thinking. Through recalling the bits and pieces in life and enjoying small things here and there, I realize we can’t ignore the small things –they are what makes us fully alive.二I’ve always been sorry that I don’t know more about the stars and galaxies.I was especially sorry a few weeks ago when I went out early one morning and saw a bright light in the eastern sky. It was so brilliant that I wondered if it was a UFO.I Googled it when I went back inside. It was Venus.I am envious of people who can confidently point out the Big Dipper (北斗七星) and the Little Dipper (小北斗七星). Sometimes I think I’ve found them, but then I link all the stars and wind up with something different.Someone who lives in the country where stars shine brightly in the dark showed me where the family watches the space station at night.“It starts over there,”she said, pointing to the top of a tree. “It crosses this way,”her finger drawing overhead (在空中), “and we lose sight of it over there at the top of that tree.”Maybe that’s what I need for looking at stars: a house in the country and enough space to watch the sky.I had an opportunity to learn about the stars as a kid when I went to a two-week summer space camp. We made paper planets and astronaut helmets from empty ice cream containers. My most vivid memory of space camp is the smell of mint (薄荷) chocolate chip.I’ve always wanted to learn about astronomy but somehow never have. The first obstacle is overcoming the embarrassment of checking out children’s books from the library. The second obstacle is that my poor sense of direction on land is multiplied (乘以) 500 times in space.I am finally getting serious about the stars having downloaded the SkyView Lite app. I trained it on that early morning eastern sky four days running, and it confirmed (确认) the bright light as Venus.“I’ve found Venus!”I shouted to all the sleeping neighbors.Progress is slow, but I now know the North Star is part of the Little Dipper. There’s rarely a night when I don’t look at the stars and wonder –if there’s mint chocolate chip ice cream in the freezer.Summary writing 概要写作Please write a summary of the article in about 60 words.参考答案possible versionI’ve always been regretful about my knowledge of astronomy. I have always longed to learn about it but never practiced it due to my embarrassment of going to the library to check out children’s books and my poor sense of direction. However, after downloading the SkyView Lite app, I made up my mind to take learning about stars seriously. Now I look at stars nearly every night and make slow progress.三One of my grandchildren sent a self-portrait (自画像) she created for art class. The top half of the portrait shows her hair parted in the middle with her big brown eyes peering through her glasses.。
高考英语概要写作专项训练
2．Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
3．Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Could you be flexitarian?
What kind of food do you eat? Are you conscious of the types of food you consume? Although there is research on the right diet to follow to help us maintain a healthy lifestyle — but it’s hard to know which one to pick and, once chosen, it’s harder still to stick to it. And now there’s another choice for you.
高考英语概要写作专项训练
概要写作1．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Have you ever found yourself waiting the stop of your bus to arrive and have a stranger ask a commonplace question? Perhaps you’ve stood in line waiting for a coffee and feel the need to just look over to the person next to you and ask about the weather.This is small talk, and despite the name, it’s actually a big part of daily life.“Small talk may seem trivial(微不足道的), but it’s a natural way for people to connect. It may seem like a waste of time. But it serves a vital role in our social interactions. Big relationships are built on small talk.” Lindy Pegler, who has a master’s degree in psychology, wrote on Medium.In fact, we spend a lot of our time making small talk. Often, we find ourselves making small talk with the same people on a regular basis. Coming up with small conversations is the foundation of these relationships.The benefits of such conversations can actually contribute to our happiness and benefit our lives as a whole. In a study cited by The New York Times, researchers found that having a healthy amount of acquaintances(相识的人) and maintaining these relationships contribute to one’s sense of belonging to a community.So how does one start making small talk? It can be as simple as complimenting one’s shirt, asking about their day or commenting on the traffic. “First and foremost, small talk is an act of politeness,” Pegler noted. “Our small talk at our first meeting is our chance to show who we are,” she added.Who knows where this can lead? Nowadays, the small connections we make can lead to big results. You might find someone who has a common interest, or maybe even someone who turns out to be a close friend. There is one thing for sure: Making small talk can brighten our day—even if it’s just a nice comment or thoughtful question.So the next time you find yourself waiting for the bus or checking your watch while you wait in a line, take the opportunity to look up and talk to someone around you. After all, it takes a small connection to lead to a larger one.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________2．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Cutting air pollution is on the agenda of all countries nowadays. In the efforts to buildlow-pollution cities, there are some traps city planners must avoid falling into.Many countries intend to accomplish the switch to electric cars in the next two decades. In Canada, the government is planning to initiate policies for promoting the use of electric cars: a financial subsidy(补助)on purchase, low-interest rates on loans, etc. However, simply switching to electric cars doesn’t mean pollution-free cities. Emissions at different levels will still be caused when the electricity to run them is generated. Also, brakes, tyres and other components all create airborne particles(大气细颗粒物)pollution as they wear out.A number of city planners are counting on the car-sharing system to be a great contributor to the reduction of emissions. According to the Economist, car-sharing is fashionable and trendy, but, when it comes to cutting emissions, “unreliable actually”. To make sure the cars come in handy and are always in good condition whenever and wherever a use needs to hit the road, more frequent road trips need to be made by lorries to transport these cars to the right parking spots and to auto repair centers for maintenance, causing extra emissions.Across the cities around the world, as more people move to city centres, while young people especially are opting for other means of travel, researchers have recently made an inference that motor vehicle use in urban areas has already reached its peak and will decline. City planners need to catch up with this trend, instead of laying new roads to deal with traffic jams. As users of London’s orbital M25 motorway will know, new roads rapidly fill with more traffic. In the US, studies have shown that building new roads can simply multiply the traffic, taking us back to the starting point._______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________3．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
高考英语概要写作专项训练
概要写作1．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Multi-taskingAre you a multitasker? Do you watch TV and cook dinner at the same time? Do you often interrupt your work to check your email? Do you talk on your phone while you’re driving? If you do these or similar things, then you are one of many multitaskers. According to a survey by the magazine Scientific American MIND, 90 percent of American adults multitask regularly.Most people say they multitask because they are too busy, and multitasking saves time. Popular electronic devices like tablets and smart phones make it convenient to do several tasks at once, so people feel like they are getting more done. Melissa Brown of Evanston, Illinois, says she has no trouble listening to music, surfing the Internet, and sending text messages to friends while she does her homework.Recent studies, however, show that Melissa and others like her are perhaps getting less done than they think they are. That’s because with multitasking, there are actually many “microinterruptions” in which people stop one task, start another, and eventually return to the first one. These stops and starts make it difficult to concentrate, and so multitaskers actually waste time, according to a study at Microsoft Corporation. In the study, workers who interrupted their work to answer an email or text message took an average of 15 minutes to return to the work they were doing before the interruption.Some psychologists say that the human brain just isn’t good at concentrating on two things at the same time. This doesn’t matter if you’re only preparing a salad and listening to the radio, they say. But if you’re doing a difficult task that requires thinking, like writing a report, then multitasking can slow you down and cause mistakes. It can even be dangerous, as in the case of people who talk on the phone, eat, or even apply makeup while driving._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________2．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
江苏高考英语概要写作专项训练
概要写作1．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
How often do you have a conversation with someone, and think you are paying attention to him or her, only to realize shortly afterwards that you can’t remember what he said? Or, perhaps you get distracted while he is speaking and miss the message that he is trying to deliver. In today’s busy world, modern life is full of distractions: TVs, radios, traffic noises, telephones, laptops and so on, which can make it difficult to listen with our full attention.But how can we listen more effectively? Jon Kabat-Zinn, professor at the University of Massachusetts Medical School, put forward the idea of mindful listening. He said mindfulness means paying attention in a particular way, with a purpose, at the present moment andnon-judgmentally.When we listen mindfully, we can be aware of some barriers but still remain open to the speaker’s ideas and messages. Mindfulness encourages us to be aware of the present moment, let go of distractions and ignore physical and emotional reactions to what people say to us.But how can we apply mindful listening to our life? Jon Kabat-Zinn describes three key elements of mindful listening that we can use to improve our listening skills.First of all, be present. When we listen mindfully, our focus should be on the person we are listening to without distractions. Then develop empathy(共鸣). We often see the world through our own experiences. When we’re empathetic, we can understand a situation-from someone else’s point of view. At last, listen to our own “cues”. Our cues are the thoughts, feelings and physical reactions that we have when we feel anxious or angry, and they can block out ideas and perspectives that we’re uncomfortable with. Mindful listening can help us to be more aware of our cues, and allow us to choose not to let them block communication.The rule is straightforward: simply “Listen”! Listen carefully and attentively. Pay full attention to the other person, and don’t let other thoughts, like what we are going to say next, distract us.___________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____2．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
高考英语概要写作专项训练
概要写作1．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Second-hand fashion stages a comebackFew followers of fashion will forget the moment when a super model arrived at a New York fashion week dinner, wearing a 1950s dress. The next day, a hunt for something similar began. That was 2003. Fast forward to the 2020s and second-hand fashion is renewing a new round of craze, and this time, arguably, it’s back for good.When super models and designers were buying things at second-hand markets and matching them with expensive pieces, the act was more related to the old ideal of what fashion was — very trend-based and very season-based. Today, ordinary people always want to have new looks but they’re becoming more aware of the impact of their choices on the environment, and the best thing we can do in this climate crisis is to limit the resources we take out of the planet. Second-hand fashion speaks to what’s happening right now. And the world is speaking back. It’s estimated that the total resale clothes market is expected to rise in value from $96 billion in 2021 to $141 billion by 2023. More than ‘back for good’, second-hand fashion looks set to become the new norm.The increased crafts of repair and upcycling offer another contemporary dimension to the trend. There’s a rise in young people looking at things that already exist, not only to take inspiration from, but also to use as material for next-stage creation. Current repair and upcycling skills make their wish a reality.Even social media platforms are on board. “Once you start finding heat at the second-hand fashion shop, it quickly turns into an ever-growing addiction. Each piece has history behind it,” said an online celebrity with 1.7 million followers. He, along with other celebrities posting visits to shops of this kind, has pushed up sales. Their power in the field can’t be neglected._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________2．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Is Banning Single-use Plastic the Right Option?The harmful effects of using plastic are becoming increasingly apparent. Plastic does not decompose, but breaks down into smaller and smaller particles. It threatens our nature as well as our health. One popular solution to the problem is to prohibit single-use plastics. In the UK, supermarkets are being encouraged to set up plastic-free aisles, in which the food is displayed loose, and shoppers are encouraged to make more environmentally-friendly choices in packing and transporting their food.Such plans are well-intentioned, but it may not be beneficial to eliminate(清除) the use of single-use plastic altogether. One of the fields where single-use plastic has a vital role is the food industry. When food or fresh goods are packed in plastic, they are protected and preserved, helping them remain fresher and keeping them from spoiling. Single-use plastic is also crucial in the medical industry. This is not just because of its low cost. It helps to prevent the spread of infection and that is the biggest benefit of the material in the medical field.Replacing plastic with other materials is neither simple nor straightforward, mainly due to the challenge of finding an alternative that combines all the most desirable plastic properties. For example, glass products are a potential alternative, but cleaning them would be extremely expensive while increasing the risk to health. Another issue is that alternative materials to plastic are often more environmentally harmful than plastic. Take paper bags, for example. Research by the Northern Ireland Assembly shows four times more energy is required to manufacture a paper bag than a plastic bag. If people respond by simply using other materials, a ban on single-use plastic can end up making the problem worse.Clearly there is a need to reduce plastic waste and its impact on the environment. However, simply banning their single use may not be the best option._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.How to Stay Healthy in AutumnIn recent days, the weather in most regions is no longer hot, and people can relax and enjoy the cool autumn. However, there is a big gap in temperature in the morning and evening, and the air is also drier. All of these factors can lead to dry mouth and nose, sore throat, dry cough, dry hair loss and other symptoms. People are more likely to get sick during the seasonal change from summer through autumn. So, here are some tips to keep you healthy and comfortable into the winter months.Do eat watery food. According to traditional Chinese medicine, autumn corresponds to the lungs of the human body.Pay attention to wet lungs in dry weather.The most convenient and easy way to protect lungs in autumn is to drink more water. In addition, you can adopt the diet therapy of traditional Chinese medicine, eating some watery food, like pear and duck meat.Do have easily digested food. People’s spleen (牌) and stomach functions are weakened because of the raw and cold food they had during the long, hot summer. So in autumn, you should give your spleen and stomach a rest. For example,you can choose some nutritious food that is easy to digest to eat, such as fish and red bean.Be sure to take vitamin supplements. Vitamins play an important role in the body’s immune system. The number and vitality of immune cells are related to vitamins when the body resists foreign invasion. It is recommended that you eat plenty of fresh vegetables and fruits rich in vitamin C, such as kiwi and oranges.Sleep is an important means for people to restore their physical strength, ensure their health and enhance their immunity. In autumn, it is suggested that you go to bed at 9 pm, or try to fall asleep before 11 o’clock. If you sleep at this time, it is great for your body and you can get a good quality of sleep._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _4．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.Kangaroos can “talk” to usKangaroos can “talk” to people, according to a new study. The report is the first research of its kind to be done on marsupials—a type of creature whose young get carried in skin pockets on their mother’s body. It suggests kangaroos are cleverer than previously thought.Researchers from the University of Roehampton in the UK and the University of Sydney in Australia tested kangaroos at the Australian Reptile (爬行动物) Park, Wildlife Sydney Zoo and Kangaroo Protection Co-operative. The scientists put food in a box that the kangaroos could not open, and waited to see what the animals would do. Rather than giving up, 10 out of the 11 kangaroos actively looked at the person who had put the food in the box and then looked at the box. The researchers said this could be interpreted as the kangaroos requesting help to open the container.Dr Alexandra Green, a co-author of the study, told The Guardian newspaper that some of the kangaroos actually approached the person and started scratching (挠) and sniffing (嗅) him, then looked back at the box. “So they were really trying to communicate,” Green said. This behaviour is not uncommon in animals. However, it is usually only seen in domesticated animals, such as pets or farm animals. The lead author of the study, Dr Alan McElligott, explained, “Through this study, we were able to see that communication between creatures can be learnt and that the behaviour of looking at humans to access food is not related to domestication. “Indeed, kangaroos showed a very similar pattern of behaviour we have seen in dogs, horses and even goats, when put to the same test,” he added.It is hoped that the study will give people a more positive attitude towards kangaroos, which are sometimes seen as harmful creatures that damage farmers’ crops._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 5．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Why you’re more creative in coffee shopsSome of the most successful people in history have done their best work in coffee shops. Pablo Picasso, JK Rowling, Bob Dylan – whether they’re painters, writers or singer-songwriters, people across nations and centuries have tapped into their creativity working away at a table in a café.There are many ways coffee shops activate our creativity in a way offices and homes don’t. Some of us stick in our earbuds as soon as we sit down to work in a public setting. But a 2012 study published in the Journal of Consumer Research showed that a low-to-moderate level of relaxing noise on all sides in a place like a cafeteria can actually increase your creative output. The idea is that if you’re very slightly distracted from the task at hand by background noise, it enhances your abstract thinking ability, which can lead to more creative idea generation.Another study from 2019 had similar findings, that is, the right amount of noise benefits our senses. And audio stimuli in the background also help us improve decision making.There’s also the fact that in a coffee shop, we’re surrounded by people who’ve come to do the same thing as us, which acts as a motivator. A 2016 study backed up this idea when researchers asked participants sitting next to each other in front of a computer to do a task on the same screen. The study showed that “simply performing a task next to a person who makes a lot of effort in a task will make you do the same”. One of the biggest things about coffee shops is thesocial-facilitation effect: you go there, you see other people working and it puts you in a mood where you just naturally start working as well._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 6．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Is Binge-watching the New Addiction?Have you ever loved a TV show? I mean really loved it? Like, you can’t wait to get to work to talk about it? What about the cliffhanger? That’s the unsolved situation at the end of the episode which makes you want to watch the next one. But, when will the next one be?Binge-watching is when a person watches more than one episode of a show quickly. With developments in the speed and connectivity of the internet, increases in technology and the rise of on-demand entertainment companies, people can now have their favourite shows streamed directly to their television at their convenience.However, this amazing gift may in fact be harmful. Recent research from British media watchdog Ofcom (英国通信管理局) finds that out of the more than half of British adults who watch more than one episode of a show back-to-back, almost a third have admitted missing sleep or becoming tired as a result; and one quarter have neglected their housework. Next we’ll be missing work!Bingeing has other connections — binge eating, binge drinking and binge smoking, all of which are often associated with compulsive behaviour, a lack of control and a possible route to addiction. If people find binge-watching hard to resist, coupled with the fact that it has shown to lead to failure of attention in many, are we witnessing the birth of a new type of addiction?The numerous information and entertainment that television and online media can bring us is, many would say, a good thing. However, like any behaviour done to extremes, it can become dangerous. And when the activity begins to enter other areas, causing us to stop functioning — then it becomes a problem. So, what’s the answer? Moderation! Neither a tiny amount, nor too much. After all, as the old proverb says, a little of what you fancy does you good._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 7．Directions: road the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.A plan to restore green spacesThe UK government has revealed a plan to protect and restore England’s wild life. It focuses on at-risk species by making canals, rivers and streams cleaner and expanding green spaces.The new Environmental Improvement Plan sets goals to create or restore more than 5,000 square kilometres of wildlife habitats across England and restore 400 miles of rivers. It will create or expand 25 national nature reserves. New woodland will also be planted alongside rivers. At the moment, access to green spaces is not equal across the UK. Around 4% of people live more than 10 minutes away from their nearest park. The Environmental Improvement Plan aims to make sure households in England are within a 15-minute walk to a green space.As well as helping more people to act close to nature, the plan should increase England’s biodiversity. A species Survival Fund will be set up to help some of England’s most endangered animals, such as red squirrels (松鼠) and watch rats. The Government has set targets to boost these species by 2030. There are also targets to reduce food waste, glass, metal, paper and plastic by 2028, and to improve the quality of water in rivers.New rules mean that the Government will have to consider the environmental effects of any policy it puts forward. These goals are part of a 25- year plan that was launched in 2018. The aim of the plan is to improve the environment “within a generation ” which is roughly 25 years.Although lots of people have welcomed the plan, not everyone is impressed. Pail de Zylva, from the charity Friends of the Earth, said it wasn’t clear enough how the goals would be met and that many of them were like promises the Government had already made but not yet delivered._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Home sweet home - this phrase arouses all sorts of images and feelings. The place you call home might be a house, an apartment, a tent or any of a countless variety of places. But did you know that the condition of your living space can have an impact on your emotions and even on your mental health? By controlling some of these variables, you can help to achieve a more peaceful life.It goes without saying that the lighting in your room or in your house can affect your mood. If the lighting is too weak, it can have a negative effect on your emotions, and your mood may end up matching the dark atmosphere. Artificial light may not do the trick, however. It is better to open your curtains because natural sunlight makes your whole day brighter.You have to do more than just remove poisonous substances from your home. To ensure good mental health, surround yourself with nature. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the presence of green plants in your home can improve your mood.Let’s all admit it: We have trouble keeping our space clean. Somehow stuff just tends to pile up. But this problem involves more than just aesthetics (美感). It doesn’t just look terrible: it makes you feel terrible. A cluttered room both reveals stress and causes stress. Disorder can indicate that you’re too busy to keep things tidy, but then looking at a mess can lead to more stress. Straightening up doesn’t have to take all day - just take 10 or 15 minutes and put a few things away. You’ll be surprised how much better you’ll feel.The color palette (用色风格) of your environment does more than passively reflect your color preferences. It also has an active influence on your mood and even your mental health. Choosing colors that create a calm atmosphere can be a type of therapy.The sky is the limit to ways you can make your environment beneficial to good mental health. You could put up photos of your family and friends or post encouraging notes from people that show how much they love you. Just remember: Your surroundings can make your “home sweet home” even sweeter.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 9．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Does Recycling Work For Plastic?Dealing with plastic waste is always a tough problem. According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), half of the world’s plastic waste ends up in a landfill, 19% burned, and another 22% escapes waste management systems and goes into uncontrolled dumpsites.So environmentalists suggest plastic waste should be recycled properly, which proves an effective way to handle other waste like paper, cardboard, metal and glass. However, a new study by Greenpeace, and reporting in the Boston Globe, suggests that recycling plastic is a “myth” and raises a major question about the future: does recycling work? Unfortunately, the short answer is “not really.”There’s been a lot of debate over what really happens to recycled plastic. But scientists say that recycling plastic waste has mostly failed because it’s very difficult to collect and nearly impossible to sort. Because plastic is often made from harmful materials, it can be harmful to the environment to reprocess.Much of the solution falls on big companies to change the way they do business. The way forward seems to be mostly to cut down on companies’ reliance on plastic packaging, and to move toward reusable packaging and packaging-free alternatives. Above all, companies need to phase out all single-use plastics. For the consumer, living more plastic-free is the only real solution available. Avoiding drinks in plastic containers, using a travel mug or reusable water bottle, bringing your own reusable bag, buying in bulk and cutting back on pre-packaged foods are all a good start.But in the end, corporate America needs a deeper commitment to the plastic waste problem. “Companies must take action now to get rid of single-use plastics and packaging and not rely on false solutions such as recycling,” says Greenpeace._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 10．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Any Problem with New Job Titles?CEO, marketing director, lead writer, sales associate… Employees’ roles have generally been defined with these straightforward terms. They communicate essential employee details such as job function and seniority and make sense to employees and employers alike. But now new titles are found in the changing world of work. Fancy but unclear labels like “chief visionary officer” or “business development guru” come into our view, making the traditional system seem rigid. Will there be problems?In general, traditional job titles are clear and indicative of the employee’s seniority and responsibilities. For example, it’s largely accepted that assistants are below associates, who are below directors, who are below vice (副的) presidents, who are below CEOs. But these new job titles are meaningless outside an organization, at least in some people’s view. A recruiter (招聘人员) may not be able to identify the right candidates based on their previous working experience. Besides, having an extremely uncommon word in a title may give a job hunter difficulty in explaining his past job to future recruiters, according to Adrjan, director of an economic research. That means both employees and employers could suffer.Yet, from another perspective, altered job titles can help make an employee feel more valued and better empowered in a company. “They massively boost your confidence,” says Hughes, who works as “head of hype and culture” at an advertising agency. “They put faith in your competence, creating an environment in which you can grow and develop.” And from the companies’ standpoint, they want to convey the message that they are trying to treat their staff in a more respectful way. For example, if they use “people” instead of “human resources” in a title, they signal that they value individuals as customers and partners rather than resources to exploit._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________参考答案：1．One possible version:Unlike former heat, today second-hand fashion is back permanently. Compared with fashion-oriented professionals, ordinary people turn to second-hand fashion out of consideration for environment protection. The huge market rise demonstrates its popularity. The upgraded repair and upcycling crafts make further creation possible. Social media also step in, with online celebrities influencing sales to add to the craze.【导语】本文是一篇说明文。
高考英语概要写作专项训练
概要写作1．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.It’s natural to feel the need to control something when everything around you feels out of control, and you feel helpless. When a friend of mine first heard about the coronavirus outbreak, she got down on her hands and knees and cleaned her kitchen floor. She told me, “My floor wasn’t even dirty, but doing something constructive made me feel in control and that I was holding on to my power, despite the desperate circumstances.”Your most powerful weapon against uncertainty is your perspective because nobody and no situation can take that from you unless you give it away. Your perspective can victimize or empower you. When you look for the upside in a downside situation and figure out what you can control and what you can’t, it’s easier to accept whatever is beyond your control.Small gestures during hard times gentle worry and concern. Often during emergencies and crises, people start performing acts of kindness at random. Helping others through a crisis by performing good deeds can make you feel in control. The obvious benefit when you reach out to help someone else is that you get a break from your own worries for a while. Contributing, giving, volunteering, donating and performing kind acts, no matter how small or brief, connect you to other people (and animals) in a deeply meaningful, humane way. So practice doing small gestures for others and yourself.Positive action is supposed to be taken to ensure you a sense of control. Make “cans” out of “cannots” and focus on what you can control. Take advantage of this restrictive time to clear clutter out of your basement, pull weeds in the garden, organize drawers, closets, and bookshelves, or get caught up on fun hobbies you’ve neglected for a while. Focus on a thought, person, pet, or object that stir hope and positivity within you. Hope always exists alongside of despair._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 2．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.In his new book Creative Intelligence, Bruce Nussbaum, a professor at Parsons The New School for Design in New York, argues that creativity is an undervalued skill that anyone can cultivate. Not just for artists and musicians, he argues, creative intelligence — or CQ for short — is the secret sauce that separates the winners and losers of the business world as well.What is creative intelligence? Taking original ideas and scaling them into the creation of new products and services. We are all born with a capacity to be creative, and we get it beaten out of us in the schools that we go to. We have to relearn it, and it’s not that hard.How can we be more creative? Creativity is all about making connections and seeing patterns. It’s not a light bulb that goes off in your head. Before that light bulb goes off, lots of things are happening — lots of ideas. We need time to step back and make connections between those things. We need to stop being hyper-connected and deliberately take a moment to be mindful about what we’re doing.People often associate creativity with solo artists, but in fact, cooperation cultivates creativity more often than working alone. How so? Creativity is social. When you read books about creativity today, the narrative of creativity is that it is a brain function or it’s a genius thing. It is rare and comes out of the individual. But when you look at almost all the innovations that are meaningful in our lives today, like Facebook and Google, they are all done by two or three people. All the innovators have a buddy. Creativity comes out of small teams of twos or sixes. It’s probably not really required to have everyone in the office, but you do need certain people interacting.3．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.A Brief Introduction of CryptocurrencyIn 2008, someone, or perhaps a group of people, using the name Satoshi Nakamoto published a paper to an online group that discussed cryptography (密码学). That paper described a process that would use cryptography to create a secure electronic cash system, now known as acryptocurrency (加密货币). Person to person payments could be made online using a shared network of computers instead of a bank or other financial institutions. Each transaction could happen very quickly. The shared network of computers would also serve as the means to verify(核实) those transactions safely. Getting rid of the need for a centralized banking system would open up the possibility for anyone to become part of the digital economy.The software behind cryptocurrency is open source, which means anyone can use the original code to create their own version. Today, there are well over a thousand different cryptocurrencies. Unfortunately, their becoming the global payment systems are held back by problems affecting the entire cryptocurrency industry. One issue is weak security on cryptocurrency websites where users either store their electronic cash in virtual “wallets” or exchange one kind of electronic cash for another. In recent years, clever thieves have broken into many of these websites and stolen electronic cash. The websites are struggling to protect their users from such thefts.Another problem is the large number of fake cryptocurrencies that are advertised on the internet. The advertisements invite internet users to visit websites offering new cryptocurrencies. Many visitors are persuaded by the websites to buy their cryptocurrencies using actual money. Later, the websites disappear along with the victims’ money. In response to this problem, companies like Facebook and Google are limiting cryptocurrency advertising on their websites. 4．Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Children Deserve Arts EducationChildren are introduced to the arts in many different ways. Participation in the arts improves personal confidence, problem solving skills, and even memorization and social skills. As young brains develop, it is vital that the creative side of the brain receive equal attention to the logical side of the brain to ensure maximum education. Unfortunately, there are those who believe creativity holds little or no value. However, they could never be farther from the truth.According to a National Education Association research report, “Teenagers and young adults of low socioeconomic status (SES), who have a history of in-depth arts involvement, show better academic outcomes than low-SES youth with less arts involvement.” This research report shows that the arts strengthen the academic hemisphere of the brain. According to recent studies, as the brain focuses on math problems or reading, only certain areas of their brain are activated.However, when teenagers and young adults are listening to music, drawing a picture or engaging the mind creatively, multiple areas of the brain are working at the same time. As a result, more areas of the brain are strengthened, resulting in stronger overall brain activity.With all the benefits of arts education, it is shocking that some educational boards still believe sufficient education can be reached without the benefits of the arts. In January 2017, the Utah State Board of Education released an official command that added two classes to the school curriculum, requiring all students between sixth and eighth grades to take those courses. This in turn limited the opportunity for the students to take elective arts courses. This command created an uproar among parents and teachers in Canyon School District and—thanks to protests—was not put into effect.Participation in the arts is one of the most precious gifts we can give our children. It brings them joy, creativity and helps them excel academically. Our education system is weakening the critical role the arts have in education. If we limit the arts within school systems, we take away our children’s chances of present and future accomplishments. We cannot do that. Our children need to have every opportunity to expand their minds through the means of the arts. We must give our youth the opportunities and advantages to reach their highest goals and dreams if we are to secure a bright future for generations to come.5．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Offshore productionThe world’s consumption of fashion is huge. The European Union imported textiles (clothing and carpets) to the value of €83.7 billion in 2010. Prices have fallen, too, with hand-finished shirts costing less than five euros. To make clothes at these low prices, companies have to keep costs down. They use offshore production to do this. Large companies make their products in developing countries where workers are paid much less than in developed countries.A point that should be considered in that case is that developing countries encourage developed countries to invest in them to provide jobs. Supporters of overseas production point out that increased investment has positive effects in the long term. Nobel prize-winning economist Paul Krugman points out that the growth in manufacturing has an impact on the rest of the economy, because it reduces the number of people needing to work in agriculture and increasescompetition for labour. This leads to higher wages, which lead to other improvements, such as the ability to send children to school. On the other hand, the disadvantage of this foreign investment is the fact that it can have a negative impact on the economy of developed countries, because people lose their jobs when production is outsourced to other countries.It seems that if multinationals are going to benefit from low production costs by using overseas suppliers, they should do more to improve the social situation-for example, by building schools for the children in those communities. It is also clear that multinationals should invest in communities in the developed countries where they sell their products. Furthermore, given multinationals do benefit from lower costs of production in developing countries and their workers, they need to feel obliged to protect the workers in overseas manufacturing plants. 6．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.More than any other aspect of the climate crisis, it is the over-production of carbon dioxide that has been valued. But nitrogen and its abundant use in commercial fertilizer, also leads to air pollution and climate change. Evidence suggests their use also contributes to air pollution, increases the rates of cancer and reduces biodiversity, as well as releasing gas (laughing gas).But nitrogen helps feed around half the world’s population and remains essential for the foreseeable future. With prices of fertilizer rising, many developing countries don’t have access to it, with resulting threats to food security. The global nitrogen challenge involves both reducing fertilizer use, and getting it to where it’s needed most.A team of scientists has come up with a five-step plan to solve this two-sided problem. Benjamin Houlton, the leader, explains that only by undertaking a holistic approach and combining solutions can the problem be solved on both levels.The five steps identified involve changing agricultural practices, getting fertilizer to the places it’s needed, reducing nitrogen pollution and finally, both reducing food waste and promoting a change in diet. The latter two are essential because approximately one-quarter of all global food produced is wasted along the supply chain, which means that a large portion of the nitrogen fertilizer applied to crops is ultimately wasted.Benjamin admits that adding nitrogen to the list of existing climate woes might cause a sense of exhaustion. Nevertheless, he has an encouraging message. “The truth is, nitrogen is a blessingand a curse,” he says, “But if you can reduce the spill-overs of nitrogen, you can quickly get systems to return to a more original state. That makes it very different from CO2. We lock in 30 to 50 years of climate impacts every time we send out a molecule of CO2 into the air. But with nitrogen you can get immediate returns on investment.”_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________7．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Effects of Acid RainAfter studying the Hubbard Brook Forest and other areas, researchers found several important effects of acid deposition, more commonly referred to as acid rain, on both natural and man-made environments. Aquatic (水生的) settings are the most clearly affected because acidic precipitation falls directly into them.As this acidic liquid flows into larger bodies of water, it is diluted (稀释). However, over time, acids can increase and lower the overall pH of the body of water. Acid deposition also causes clay soils to release aluminum and magnesium, further lowering the pH in some areas. If the pH of a lake drops below 4.8, its plants and animals risk death. It is estimated that around 50,000 lakes in the United States and Canada have a pH below normal (about 5.3 for water). Several hundred of these have a pH too low to support any aquatic life.Aside from aquatic bodies, acid deposition can significantly affect forests. As acid rain falls on trees it can make them lose their leaves, damage their bark, and stunt their growth. By damaging these parts of the tree, it makes them vulnerable to disease, extreme weather and insects. Damage to forests by acid rain is seen all over the world, but the most advanced cases are in Eastern Europe. Half of the forests in Germany and Poland and about 30 percent in Switzerland, are estimated to have been damaged.Finally, acid deposition also has an effect on architecture and art because of its ability tocorrode certain materials. As acid lands on buildings (especially those constructed with limestone), it reacts with minerals in the stones, sometimes causing them to disintegrate and wash away.___________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____8．Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is e your own words as far as possible.For students chasing lasting wealth,the best choice of a college major is less obvious than you might think.The conventional wisdom is that computer science and engineering majors have better employment prospects and higher earnings than their peers in liberal arts.This is true for the first job,but the long-term story is more complicated.The advantage for STEM majors fades steadily after their first jobs,and by age 40,the earnings of people majoring in fields like social science or history have caught up or even surpassed.This happens for two reasons.First,many of the latest technical skills that are in high demand today become out-dated when technology progresses.Older workers must learn these new skills on the fly,while younger workers may have learned them in school.Skill undesirability and the increased competition from younger graduates together lower the earnings advantage for STEM degree-holders as they age.Second,although liberal arts majors start low,they gradually catch up to their peers in STEM fields.A liberal arts education fosters valuable “soft skills” like problem-solving,critical thinking and adaptability.Such skills are hard to quantify,but they have value in a wide variety of careers in the long run.Why did that happen?According to a 2018 survey,the three qualities of college graduates employers considered must important were written communication,problem-solving and they ability to work in a team.In liberal arts traditions,these skills are built through the dialogue between instructors and students and a broad range of subjects.I’m not suggesting that students should avoid majoring in STEM fields,but I do think we should be careful of the urge to make college curricula ever more technical and career-focused.A balanced choice should prepare students for a future that none of us can imagine.9．阅读下面材料，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
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1、阅读下面短文.根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Getting up early has been regarded as a good habit since ancient times. Many years ago, people thought that if we went to bed early and got up early, we would be energetic the whole day. So, getting up early is of great importance to us all.In fact, morning is the best time of a day. In the morning, the air is the freshest and people are usually in the best condition. Many of us may have the experiences that we memorise things more quickly and correctly in the morning than any other time of the day. And it is certain that we find it easier to understand what we learn. If we get up early and do some morning exercises or only take a short walk in the morning, without doubt we can build up our bodies and become much healthier. Also we will have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if we get up early. For example, if everyone in the family gets up early, the wife will have enough time to prepare the breakfast for the whole family, children will have enough time to catch the school bus, and the husband will never forget to change his dirty shirt. Everything is in order. However, if we get up late, we'll probably have to do everything in a hurry.Let us remember getting up early is a good habit and try our best to keep it. Late risers may find it difficult to form the habit of getting up early. They have to make an effort to do so. If we stick to getting up early every day, we will certainly benefit a lot from it._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________2、阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
The way of Chinese people’s life has been changed through the China’s “New Four Great Inventions”. What are “New Four Great Inventions”? They are High-speed rail, Shared bike, Online shopping and Alipay.W hat did the China’s “New Four Great Inventions” bring to us?High-speed rail—Modern transportation makes everybody neighbor. The invention of the high-speed railway makes it easy to thousands of miles a day. Today China’s rail transittechnology is the bes t, the China’s daily average of 4, 000 trains, sending about 4. 6 million passengers.Shared bike—Short walks become more convenient and faster, and carbon emissions are reduced, which is friendly to the environment. You can download the APP about shared bikes, pay some money, then you can use bicycles everywhere in the street. The Chinese shared bicycle programs have been becoming more and more popular.Online shopping—Don’t need to go out to find the needs for living. Online shopping, as the name implies, is to pay money online. Purchases(购买物) can be sent home. China has 751 million Internet users, 724 million mobile phone users; total transactions (销售额) on November 11 and December 12 hit a record high every year. Online shopping lets Chinese Internet users enjoy “shopping carnival” every day.Alipay—A software which can replace cash payment. With intelligence phones’ popularization, Alipay has become an indispensable (不可或缺的) APP. Through scanning the “QR code”, Alipay wants to realize the ambition of “replacing cash payments” gradually. On 11th November 2018, both the mobile payment account and the transaction reached 213. 5 billion.There is no doubt that China has already used its own power of “New Four Great Inventions” to become the great powerful techn ological country, showing the power of China once again._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________3、请认真阅读下面的短文,并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
Robots will create double the number of jobs that they will destroy, according to the World Economic Forum(WEF), but there will be significant shifts in the structure of America's workforce that may impact everyone. The report says that 75 million jobs will be replaced by artificial intelligence(AI), robotics and automation. But it also suggests that 133 million new jobs may be created as organizations shift the balance between human workers and machines.It is a widely held belief that routine, low­skilled jobs are most at risk for automation, but the report shows that many middle­class roles are also at risk. Financial analysts, accountants and lawyers could all see significant changes by 2022. But manual workers could be among the hardest hit.Meanwhile, there could be a huge change in the structure of the workforce, with the executives surveyed by WEF expecting a shift away from full­time work to flexible employment with a focus on productivity.All industries expect big skills gaps, stating that at least 50 percent of their workforce will require reskilling of some degree. The aviation, travel and tourism industry will have the largest demand for reskilling.【写作内容】1. 用约30个单词概述短文的主要内容;2. 用约120个单词发表你的观点,内容包括:(1) 这一现象产生的原因有哪些(不少于两点);(2) 面对即将到来的“智能时代”你所做的准备。