限定词

限定词
1．什么叫限定词
限定词位于名词之前，对名词起特指、泛指或表示数量等限定作用的一类词，如：
特指：the book, my book, this book 等（说话或听话人都知道指点哪一个事物。

）
泛指：a book, some books, 等（泛指是指点任何一个（些）事物）数量：two books, many books, much sugar 等
在句子中担任主语、宾语、补足语等的名词词组，一般都由“限定词（+形容词）+名词（+后置修饰语）”构成。

但是限定词有不同类型，名词有不同种类，限定词与名词不能随便搭配，因此哪些限定词可以与哪些名词并用就必须加以注意。

总的来说，限定词一般不与专有名词搭配，用于普通名词时要根据名词的数和类别来决定。

我们把名词划分为以下三类：
单数可数名词：a book that book 等
复数可数名词：these books such books 等
不可数名词：some tea little water 等
2、哪些是限定词
兹将限定词列表如下，表中指明各个限定词与三类名词搭配的情况：
限定词单数可数复数可数不可数
a(n) book -- --
a (little)bit of -- -- bread
a great amount of -- -- bread
a great (good) deal of -- -- bread
a great(good, large, small)
number of -- books -- all day books bread
a lot of -- books bread
another book -- --
any book books bread
both -- books --
double the price the quantities the strength
each book -- --
either book -- --
enough -- books bread
every book -- --
(a) few -- books --
fewer, (the) fewest -- books --
the first, the second, etc prize prizes --
half an hour the men the bread the last book books --
(the ) least thing -- bread less -- -- bread (a) little -- -- bread lots of -- books bread many a book books -- more -- books bread most -- books bread much -- -- bread my, your, his, etc book books bread Tom’s, the old man’s, etc book books bread neither book -- --
the next book books --
no book books bread one book -- --
one-third, two-fifths, etc (of)the book (of) the books the time other student students bread
the other book books -- plenty of -- books bread several -- books --
some (某一)book books bread such book books bread that book books bread the book books bread these -- books --
this book -- bread those -- books -- twice, three times, etc the figure the quantities his strength two, three, etc -- books --
what(ever) book books bread which(ever) book books bread whose book books bread zero(不用冠词或其它限定词) man men bread [注] 表内“—”表示有关限定词不能与该类名词搭配。

限定词的搭配 1、概说
名词词组中，当两个或两个以上的限定词同时出现时，限定词之间有一定的搭配关系，根据其不同的搭配位置可分为三类，其中最重要的一类是中位限定词，它的前面可有前位限
Write your answer on every other line.
Both my All these last few 干旱)。

在上面三个句子中every, my, these 是中位限定词；both 与all 是前位限定词，用在中位限定词的前面；other, last, few 是后位限定词，用在中位限定词的后面.
1、限定词的搭配关系
[注]：上表中的分类是指基本的情况，有的限定词可以有跨类的现象，如：what, such, many, 可有 what a, such a, many a 的搭配等。

3、中位限定词
1）、冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格等互相排斥，
在同一个名词词组中只能用其中的一个，例如：
The
This, That, These, Those
My, Your,… book(s) is/are on the table.
Tom’s, The teacher’s…
2) 不定冠词A(N)
不定冠词a(n)可以与基数词，序数词，few, little, such, many 等后位限定词搭配，例如：
It’s only a two hours’ journey by bus.
This raises a second question.
Tom has a few tickets.
May I have a little ink?
It was such a misfortune (不幸).
Such an expression (表达)is never heard on British lips( 英语口语).
He has been to Peiking many a time.
注1.“a”与基数词搭配时，这个基数词后面一般跟随一个名词，一同作定语修饰另一个名词。

注2. “many+a” 的结构一般常为“many+复数名词”的结构所代替，例如：He has been to Beijing many times.
3)定冠词the
定冠词the可以与基数词，序数词，类序数词next, last, other,以及many, more, few, little 等到后位限定词搭配，例如：
The two visitors had a long talk with her.
This is the second time for you to try.
You can find some useful material in the next/last/other book.
Among the many (few)friends he has are the Chang brothers.
The more drills you do today, the less mistakes you’ll make tomorrow.
The little money that is left is not enough for the book.
4)指示代词THIS THAT
指示代词this, that 可以与基数词，序数词，类序数词next, last, other 以及few, several 等后位限定词搭配，例如：We are on duty that (this) six days.
That (this) third brother of his is such a spitfire(急燥的人).
I didn’t find what I want in that (this) first book of Smith’s on
grammar. Nor did I find it in that (this) next or last grammar book of his. And nor in that (this) other book of his on rhetoric(修辞).
That (this) few (several)months in the countryside have been most eventful(多事的).
5)指示代词THESE，THOSE
指示代词these, those可以与基数词以及few等到后位限定词搭配，例如：
Please send these five samples(样品) to London by air.
Those three boxes have not been checked off yet.
6)形容词性物主代词和名词所有格
形容词性物主代词(my, your, his, her, its, our, their)和名词所有格(Tom’s, Mike’s)可以与基数词，序数词，类序数词next, last, other以及many, few, little等后位限定词搭配，也可与中位限定词搭配，例如：
Their (Old Li’s) two sons are both in the army.
The visitor found everything so new to him during his first weeks in China.
His (John’s, The writer’s) next (other)book will come out(出版) pretty soon.
Her (Mary’s, The author’s作者) last (other) book has long been out of print.
His (John’s) many (few) friends often speak highly(称赞) of him.
Her (John’s) little knowledge of French has helped him greatly.
Their/ The enemy’s every movement is being watched.
在这句中可用“all+复数可数名词” 的结构代替。

All their/ the enemy’s movements are being watched.
My brother’s dog is very lovely.
注：1、有的语法学者认为“名词所有格或代词+every+名词”的搭配不常见。

注：2、可以说his few friends,但不能说his a few friends,因为his 和a 都是中位限定词，互相排斥。

在这进里few的意义与a few的含义差不多，不同于在通常情况下的few(基本上有否定的含义)。

7）SOME，ANY，NO
some, any, no可以与基数词，序数词，other, more, such等后位限定词搭配：
（1）基数词
Will you send a couple of students in your class to help pack(包装) the goods? Any two students will do.
No two persons have exactly(确切) the same fingerprints(指纹).
注：some three weeks, some few miles 等结构中的some用作副词，不算限定词。

Some 在基数词和few之前用作副词，表示“大概” 或“约”的意思，也要重读,例如：
They learned the uses and dosage(下药剂量) of some fifty kinds of medicine(药).
It took some few days to dismantle(拆除) the machine.
(2)序数词
Give me any first name/some first names of the English people you know.
I never know he’s a flutist(吹笛人). And he’s no second-rate(第二等) flutist, either.
(3) other
The monitor didn’t ask Xiao Li but some other students to attend the meeting.
They are not likely(似乎合理的) agree to any other proposi-
tions(主张).
There is no other use for it.此外没有别的用处。

Ask some other people. 问别人吧。

Come some other day.改天再来吧。

I have no other friend than you.除了你我没有别的朋友。

（4）more
Please give me some more paper.
Are there any more teachers who would like to join us?
Some such alloy(合金)may be used to replace copper(铜).
There is no such thing.没有这么一回事。

any such man 任何这样的人all such man所有这样的人
some such thing/tea/coffee 一些这样的东西/茶/咖啡
（6）any与no还可以与后位限定词less搭配。

I don’t mean you could do it in any less time.
He has no less than seven daughters. 他有七个女儿之多。

no less than 有……之多(=just as many as)
He has not less than seven daughters.他至少有七个女儿。

not less than 至少，不下于（=as many as or more than）
8) EVERY, EACH
every和each都可以与后位限定词such搭配。

此外，every还可以与基数词，序数词，last, other, few, little等后位限定词搭配。

Every such possibility(可能性) must be considered(考虑，思考).
We must decide each such case(事情) on its merits(价值).
There’ll be only one copy for every two students.
I see the doctor every second day.
The heroic(英雄的) defenders (保卫者) will fight the enemy to every last (=single) drop of their blood.
I see Xiao Li every other day in school (=every two days 或every second day).
She visits her aunt every few days (weeks).
Every little help you gave Xiao Li is appreciated(感激) by us all.
“every other +单数可数名词” 的搭配可能有两种意义。

要由读音来决定，如:
He come quite often—every other ‘day, to be exact.
他时常来这里，准确地说，他每隔一天来一次。

He only comes on Mondays; he works every ‘other day.
他只是星期一来；其它日子他都有要工作。

9）MUCH
much可以与后位限定词more和less搭配，例如：
She knows much more English than you suppose she does.
They used much less coal for heating last winter.
10) WHAT
what 可以与后位限定词other, few, little等搭配；在感叹句中，what可以与中位限定词a(n)搭配，位于其前。

What other novel has been annotated (作注解)?
What few suggestions he made have been extremely (极端地) to us.
From what little information we had from them, we’ve come to realize how the matter really stands.
What a fine example Lei Feng has set us!
What an idea it is!
11现将上述各中位限定词与其他限定词的搭配关系列表如下:
4.前位限定词
4-1 ALL，BOTH，HALF
（1）all, both, half可以用于定冠词the,指示词或形容词性物主代词之前。

You can find the girl among all the students.
How much time will you take for all this work?
You should see all these (those) pictures.
All his(my, her) brothers are teachers.
Both (the) girls were praised for their quick wits.
Both these (those) boys are students of English.
Both our teachers are kind.
Women hold up half the sky.
I bought the book at half that (the) price.
All后面的the 常可以省略，在all所修饰的名词后面有定语时也是如此。

Check all (the) measurements(n.度量，尺寸), please.
Of all (the) Chinese writers then, Lu Shun had the most readers.
The reading-room is open to all (the)students of the English department.
(2) all可以与基数词或such连用。

All four students are from Beijing .
All such factors(因素) should be considered（考虑过的）.
(3)all, both, half不能与every, either, neither, each, some, any, no, enough等指量的中位限定词搭配。

但half可以与中位限定词a(n)搭配。

half an hour 半小时
A half mask（面具）covered the boy’s eyes.
(4)all, both, half都可以有of-结构，后面是名词时，of-结构可有可无，后面是人称代词时则必须用。

all (of) the water all of it
both (of) the workers both of them
half (of) the work half of it
注：1、说“一个半某物”时有两种表达方法
A month and a half/ One and a half months has elapsed(时间的过去，消逝)
2、half与名词如已结成一个概念，可以用连字符号，冠词放在前面。

a half-hour a half-moon a half-holiday
4-2 ONE-THIRD, TWO-FIFTHS, ETC
分数词可以用在a (n), the, this, that等中位限定词之前。

The savage（野蛮的）fascist（法西斯主义者）proved（证明）himself two-thirds a beast.
The work took him one-third (of) the time it took me.
One-third (of) that (this) meat is tainted（腐烂）.
注：分数词有时用在不定冠词之后。

The resolution（决定）requires a two-thirds majority（成年人）to carry.
4-3 DOUBLE, TWICE, THREE TIMES, ETC
(1)倍数词可以与定冠词，指示词，形容词性物主代词连用，位于这些词之前。

This (That) pole is twice that (this) length.
Beijing is now almost three times its original size（原始大小）.
You can’t do it even if you have twice your strength(力量，力气).
（2）once, twice, three times等能与a, every, each, 和per（正式
文体）搭配，构成频率状语。

这种用法，在其它场合有时以the 代替a, every等词，至少在美国英语中是如此，e.g. five dollars the head(每人五元)
4-4前位限定词之间互相排斥，即在一个名词词组中用了一个前位限定词以后，便不能再用另一个。

注：all在以用于作名词用的分数词和half 前面，例如：
That two-thirds (half) of the canned(罐装的) beef is for you.
All two-thirds (half) of it? I don’t need that much.
4-5现将上述前位限定词与其它限定词的搭配关系列表如下。

5.后位限定词
5-1基数词
（1）基数词可以与前位限定词all以及后位限定词last，next, other和序数词等搭配，位于这些词之后，但也可位于last, next, other 和序数词之前。

All(the) four teachers were formerly(从前) foreign trade（职业）workers.
His last (next) two books were novels.
His two last (next) books were novels.(不及上例普通)
There were three other girls at the meeting.
The other ten bales(货物) will be shipped next month.
（2）基数词还可以与another搭配，位于其后，与such和more 搭配，位于其前。

We may take another twenty tons at this price.
One such dictionary is enough for me.
May I have two more sheets(片) of paper?
注：可以说：Give me two more sheets（床单）/two sheets more.
但不能说：Give me a more sheet. 应说:…one more sheet或…one sheet more
5-2序数词
序数词可以与前位限定词all以及后位限定词another, few等搭配，位于这些词之后，但与few搭配时，也可以位于其前：The newsman is taking a picture of all first prize winners.
The first few evenings he did enjoy himself very much.
There are quite a few first students in the classroom.
5-3 LAST, NEXT, OTHER
last, next, other可以与后位限定词few搭配，位置在few之前或之后。

He often tells us about that (those) last few months of his college life.
The few last comers could be put up at a hostel(宿舍，旅馆) for the night.
Tom broke his leg on New Year’s Day. It took him the next few weeks to get over it.
I don’t know who came out first in the contest(争论), but I’m sure Tom was among the few next bests（最佳状态）.
I saw most of the children waiting in the next room. But where are the other few children who are to take part in the dance?
Few other such cases(案例) have been found in that district（行政区）.
5-4 SUCH
such可以与前位限定词all，后位限定词other, another, many, few, several等搭配，位于其后。

All such offenders(罪犯) will be duly（适时地）punished（处罚）.
There have been other (many) such occurrences(事件) in the past.
I hope never to meet with another such accident(事故).
Few (Several) such cases(案例) have been reported.
5-5 MORE
more 可以与后位限定词many, several 等搭配，位于其后。

How many more copies(册) of the lecture notes do you want?
There are several more books on that desk.
注：more还可与a few, plenty和a lot搭配，位于其后。

May I have a few more samples(样品)?
There are plenty (a lot) more eggs in the basket.
5-6 SEVERAL
several的前面很少与其它限定词搭配，它的后面可以与后限定词other, hundred, thousand等词搭配。

I saw the foreign expert(专家) and his wife and several other members of his family at a department store（百货公司）the other day.
Several hundred (thousand)foreign guests(客人) visited the Exhibition（展览）last year.
5-7 LESS
less 可以与a little搭配，位于其后。

This boiler(锅炉) consumes（消耗）a little less fuel（燃料）.
There is a little less alcohol(酒精) in this bottle than in that one.
5-8现将上述后位限定词与其它限定词的搭配关系列表如下：。