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Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 9
Data Representation: What is data representation? 第一问：什么是数据代表性？
• Data representation is the process of transforming this diverse data into a form that computers can use for processing. 数据代表性是将这些不同类型的数据转 换为计算机能够处理的一种形式的处 理结果。
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware Page 61 14
How can a computer represent words and letters using bits?
• EBCDIC is an alternative 8-bit used by older IBM systems • Unicode uses 16 bits and provides codes for 65,000 characters
2 Chapter Contents
本章内容：本章主要讲述了一些关于计算机硬件方面 的知识，帮助我们充分了解计算机数据的代表性，同 时认识一些数字电子产品。我主要跟同学们分享下 section A部分的内容。 我们分一下几个步骤了解本篇文章： No.1:学习关键词汇，熟悉课文大意； No.2 :分析文章结构，理解各段落主要内容； No.3:认识一些常见的数字电子产品，理解各种编码 的主要用途； No.4:课下拓展；
• To avoid confusion,most computers files contain a file header with information on the code used to represent the file data. • 为了避免混乱，大多数计算机文件包含 了一个带有含有用于代表数据编码的头 文件。
20ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware Page 60 11
Data Representation: How do computers represent data digitally? • Computers are digital 计算机是数字化 的 • Just as a standard light switch is a simpler technology than a dimmer, so is digital when compared to analog • 正如一个标准的灯泡开关对于调光器是 一种简单的技术，数字化对于模拟技术 也是这样。
Chapter 2
Computer Hardware 计算机硬件 作者：09计科2班吴高
Computer Hardware
Section A: Data Representation and Digital Electronics（数据的代表性和数字电子产品）
Chapter 2
Computer Concepts 8th Edition Parsons/Oja
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware
Page 60
13
How can a computer represent words and letters using bits?
问题之四：计算机如何用比特表示字母和词语 ？
• Character data is composed of letters, symbols, and numerals that are not used in arithmetic operations • ASCII requires only 7 bits for each character • Extended ASCII uses 8 bits to represent each character
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 5
2
SECTION
A
Personal Computer Basics
第一部分：Key Terms（关键单词续） sequence 连续，接连，一连串 punctuation marks: 标点符号 numeric 数字的，数值的 arithmetic 计算，算术 mileage 英里 decimal system 十进制系统 file header 文件头 stuff 原料 term paper 学期报告 format 格式，版本
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware
Page 60
10
Data Representation: How do computers represent data digitally? 问题之二：计算机如何代表数字数据？
• Data representation makes it possible to convert letters, sounds, and images into a form computers can use for processing • 数据表示让字母，声音，图像转换成计算机能够 用于处理的形式变成可能！ • A digital device works with discrete data, such as the digits 1 and 0 • 数字设备处理离散的数据，譬如0和1 • An analog device works with continuous data • 模拟设备作用于连续的数据。
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware Page 61 18
2 Chapter Contents
好了，同学们你们清楚了吗？
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware
19
谢谢观看！本节课内容到此结束
！
• • Thank you! 2011.9.28
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware
Page 62
17
When a computer works with a series of 1s and 0s,how does it know which code to use?问题之七：当计算机作用于一连串的0和1时，它 如何分辨哪些编码需要用到？
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 7
2 Chapter Contents
熟悉了重点词汇，我们接着梳理下课文脉络 吧！
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware
8
2
SECTION
A
Personal Computer Basics
本节主题之7问 1,What is data representation? 2,How do computers represent digitally? 3,How does a computer represent numbers? 4,How can a computer represent words and letters using bits? 5,Why do ASCII and Extended ASCII provide codes for 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8and 9? 6,How does a computer convert music and pictures into codes? 7,When a computer works with a series of 1s and 0s,how does it know which code to use? Chapter 2: Computer Hardware
• 回答此问请同学们一起看看94页的那个 图表。
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware
Page 62
16
How does a computer convert sounds and pictures into codes?
问题之六：计算机怎样讲声音和图像转化为数码？
• Sounds and pictures must be transformed into a format the computer can understand • A computer must digitize colors, notes, and instrument sounds into 1s and 0s
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 3
2 Chapter Contents
那么，我们首先熟悉下课文中出现的单词吧！ 希望同学们记一下~
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware
4
2
SECTION
A
Personal Computer Basics
第一部分：Key Terms(关键单词） representation: 代表，表示，表现，画像 digitally 数位 process：进程，过程，进度 discrete: 离散，离散的 analog device:模拟设备 binary digits:二进制数字 Numeric data:数字数据 ASCII：一种编码 superset：超集 digitize:数字化 raw:原料 convert：转换 contrast:对比
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 6
2
SECTION
A
Personal Computer Basics
第一部分：Key Terms（关键单词续2） placeholder 占位数 brush up 温习 重新学习 virtually 事实上，实际上 composed of 由...组成 Morse code 摩斯电码 illustrates 用事实或图例阐述，说明 plain 朴素的，简单的 bonus 奖金，福利 multiple 多个的 多样的 arithmetic 算术，计算 uppercase 大写字母 Chaptergraphical 图表的 dots 2: Computer Hardware 点，小圆点
– Used for foreign language support
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware
Page 61
15
why do ASCII and Extended ASCII provid codes for 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8and 9?问题之五：为什么ASCII和延伸ASCII码为 0~9十个数字提供数码？
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware Page 60 12
How does a computer represent numbers? 问题之三：计算机如何表示数字？
• The binary number system (base 2) uses only two digits 0, and 1 • 二进制系统仅仅基于0和1两个数字 • The following table lists some decimal numbers and their binary equivalent:
Data Representation: What is data representation? 第一问：什么是数据代表性？
• Data representation is the process of transforming this diverse data into a form that computers can use for processing. 数据代表性是将这些不同类型的数据转 换为计算机能够处理的一种形式的处 理结果。
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware Page 61 14
How can a computer represent words and letters using bits?
• EBCDIC is an alternative 8-bit used by older IBM systems • Unicode uses 16 bits and provides codes for 65,000 characters
2 Chapter Contents
本章内容：本章主要讲述了一些关于计算机硬件方面 的知识，帮助我们充分了解计算机数据的代表性，同 时认识一些数字电子产品。我主要跟同学们分享下 section A部分的内容。 我们分一下几个步骤了解本篇文章： No.1:学习关键词汇，熟悉课文大意； No.2 :分析文章结构，理解各段落主要内容； No.3:认识一些常见的数字电子产品，理解各种编码 的主要用途； No.4:课下拓展；
• To avoid confusion,most computers files contain a file header with information on the code used to represent the file data. • 为了避免混乱，大多数计算机文件包含 了一个带有含有用于代表数据编码的头 文件。
20ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware Page 60 11
Data Representation: How do computers represent data digitally? • Computers are digital 计算机是数字化 的 • Just as a standard light switch is a simpler technology than a dimmer, so is digital when compared to analog • 正如一个标准的灯泡开关对于调光器是 一种简单的技术，数字化对于模拟技术 也是这样。
Chapter 2
Computer Hardware 计算机硬件 作者：09计科2班吴高
Computer Hardware
Section A: Data Representation and Digital Electronics（数据的代表性和数字电子产品）
Chapter 2
Computer Concepts 8th Edition Parsons/Oja
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware
Page 60
13
How can a computer represent words and letters using bits?
问题之四：计算机如何用比特表示字母和词语 ？
• Character data is composed of letters, symbols, and numerals that are not used in arithmetic operations • ASCII requires only 7 bits for each character • Extended ASCII uses 8 bits to represent each character
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 5
2
SECTION
A
Personal Computer Basics
第一部分：Key Terms（关键单词续） sequence 连续，接连，一连串 punctuation marks: 标点符号 numeric 数字的，数值的 arithmetic 计算，算术 mileage 英里 decimal system 十进制系统 file header 文件头 stuff 原料 term paper 学期报告 format 格式，版本
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware
Page 60
10
Data Representation: How do computers represent data digitally? 问题之二：计算机如何代表数字数据？
• Data representation makes it possible to convert letters, sounds, and images into a form computers can use for processing • 数据表示让字母，声音，图像转换成计算机能够 用于处理的形式变成可能！ • A digital device works with discrete data, such as the digits 1 and 0 • 数字设备处理离散的数据，譬如0和1 • An analog device works with continuous data • 模拟设备作用于连续的数据。
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware Page 61 18
2 Chapter Contents
好了，同学们你们清楚了吗？
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware
19
谢谢观看！本节课内容到此结束
！
• • Thank you! 2011.9.28
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware
Page 62
17
When a computer works with a series of 1s and 0s,how does it know which code to use?问题之七：当计算机作用于一连串的0和1时，它 如何分辨哪些编码需要用到？
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 7
2 Chapter Contents
熟悉了重点词汇，我们接着梳理下课文脉络 吧！
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware
8
2
SECTION
A
Personal Computer Basics
本节主题之7问 1,What is data representation? 2,How do computers represent digitally? 3,How does a computer represent numbers? 4,How can a computer represent words and letters using bits? 5,Why do ASCII and Extended ASCII provide codes for 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8and 9? 6,How does a computer convert music and pictures into codes? 7,When a computer works with a series of 1s and 0s,how does it know which code to use? Chapter 2: Computer Hardware
• 回答此问请同学们一起看看94页的那个 图表。
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware
Page 62
16
How does a computer convert sounds and pictures into codes?
问题之六：计算机怎样讲声音和图像转化为数码？
• Sounds and pictures must be transformed into a format the computer can understand • A computer must digitize colors, notes, and instrument sounds into 1s and 0s
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 3
2 Chapter Contents
那么，我们首先熟悉下课文中出现的单词吧！ 希望同学们记一下~
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware
4
2
SECTION
A
Personal Computer Basics
第一部分：Key Terms(关键单词） representation: 代表，表示，表现，画像 digitally 数位 process：进程，过程，进度 discrete: 离散，离散的 analog device:模拟设备 binary digits:二进制数字 Numeric data:数字数据 ASCII：一种编码 superset：超集 digitize:数字化 raw:原料 convert：转换 contrast:对比
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 6
2
SECTION
A
Personal Computer Basics
第一部分：Key Terms（关键单词续2） placeholder 占位数 brush up 温习 重新学习 virtually 事实上，实际上 composed of 由...组成 Morse code 摩斯电码 illustrates 用事实或图例阐述，说明 plain 朴素的，简单的 bonus 奖金，福利 multiple 多个的 多样的 arithmetic 算术，计算 uppercase 大写字母 Chaptergraphical 图表的 dots 2: Computer Hardware 点，小圆点
– Used for foreign language support
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware
Page 61
15
why do ASCII and Extended ASCII provid codes for 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8and 9?问题之五：为什么ASCII和延伸ASCII码为 0~9十个数字提供数码？
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware Page 60 12
How does a computer represent numbers? 问题之三：计算机如何表示数字？
• The binary number system (base 2) uses only two digits 0, and 1 • 二进制系统仅仅基于0和1两个数字 • The following table lists some decimal numbers and their binary equivalent: