2001年考研英语阅读解析
2001年考研英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2001年考研英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Use of English 2. Reading ComprehensionSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases【B1】the trial of Rosemary West. In a significant【B2】of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a【B3】bill that will propose making payments to witnesses【B4】and will strictly control the amount of【B5】that can be given to a case【B6】a trial begins. In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee. Lord Irvine said he【B7】with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not【B8】sufficient control. 【B9】of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a【B10】of media protest when he said the【B11】of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges【B12】to Parliament. The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which【B13】the European Convention on Human Rights legally【B14】in Britain, laid down that everybody was【B15】to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families. “Press freedoms will be in safe hands【B16】our British judges”, he said. Witness payments became an【B17】after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were【B18】to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised【B19】witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to【B20】guilty verdicts.1．【B1】A．as toB．for instanceC．in particularD．such as正确答案：D解析：本题考查对固定搭配的掌握。
2001年考研英语真题及解析(黄皮书)
2001年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Part I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involvedin prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant 2 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 3 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 4 and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be given to a case 6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said he 7 with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10 of media protest when he said the 11 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 12 to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which 13 the European Convention on Human Rights legally 14 in Britain, laid down that everybody was 15 to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands 16 our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an 17 after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were 18 to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised 19 witnesses might be encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［A］as to ［B］for instance ［C］in particular ［D］such as2.［A］tightening ［B］intensifying ［C］focusing ［D］fastening3.［A］sketch ［B］rough ［C］preliminary ［D］draft4.［A］illogical ［B］illegal ［C］improbable ［D］improper5.［A］publicity ［B］penalty ［C］popularity ［D］peculiarity6.［A］since ［B］if ［C］before ［D］as7.［A］sided ［B］shared ［C］complied ［D］agreed8.［A］present ［B］offer ［C］manifest ［D］indicate9.［A］Release ［B］Publication ［C］Printing ［D］Exposure10.［A］storm ［B］rage ［C］flare ［D］flash11.［A］translation ［B］interpretation ［C］exhibition ［D］demonstration12.［A］better than ［B］other than ［C］rather than ［D］sooner than13.［A］changes ［B］makes ［C］sets ［D］turns14.［A］binding ［B］convincing ［C］restraining ［D］sustaining15.［A］authorized ［B］credited ［C］entitled ［D］qualified16.［A］with ［B］to ［C］from ［D］by17.［A］impact ［B］incident ［C］inference ［D］issue18.［A］stated ［B］remarked ［C］said ［D］told19.［A］what ［B］when ［C］which ［D］that20.［A］assure ［B］confide ［C］ensure ［D］guaranteePart II Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each questions there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Passage 1Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units，one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word “amateur”does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership.A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under wayin British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.21. The growth of specialisation in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in sciences suchas _______.[AJ sociology and chemistry [B] physics and psychology[C] sociology and psychology [D] physics and chemistry22. We can infer from the passage that _______.[A] there is little distinction between specialisation and professionalisation[B] amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science[C] professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community[D] amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones23. The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate ______.[A] the process of specialisation and professionalisation[B] the hardship of amateurs in scientific study[C] the change of policies in scientific publications[D] the discrimination of professionals against amateurs24. The direct reason for specialisation is _______.[A] the development in communication[B] the growth of professionalisation[C] the expansion of scientific knowledge[D] the splitting up of academic societiesPassage 2A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide-the division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access-after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will he netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we’ve ever had.Of course, the use of the Internet isn’t the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think3foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure（the basic structural foundations of a society）in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn’t have the capital to do so. And that is why America’s Second Wave infrastructure-including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on-were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain’s former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be. That doesn't mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.25. Digital divide is something _______.[A] getting worse because of the Internet[B] the rich countries are responsible for[C] the world must guard against[D] considered positive today26. Governments attach importance to the Internet because it _______.[A] offers economic potentials[B] can bring foreign funds[C] can soon wipe out world poverty[D] connects people all over the world27. The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of _______.[A] providing financial support overseas[B] preventing foreign capital’s control[C] building industrial infrastructure[D] accepting foreign investment28. It seems that now a country’s economy depands much on ______.[A] how well-developed it is electronically[B] whether it is prejudiced against immigrants[C] whether it adopts America’s industrial pattern[D] how much control it has over foreign corporationsPassage 3Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of headscratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world througha set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day’s events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusions news.There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers which helps explain why the “standard templates”of the newsroom seem alien many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they’re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in community.Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.29. What is the passage mainly about?[A] needs of the readers all over the world.[B] causes of the public disappointment about newspapers.[C] origins of the declining newspaper industry.[D] aims of a journalism credibility project.30. The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be ______.[A] quite trustworthy [B] somewhat contradictory[C] very illuminating [D] rather superficial31. The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their ______.[A] working attitude [B] conventional lifestyle[C] world outlook [D] educational background32. Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing toits_______.[A] failure to realize its real problem[B] tendency to hire annoying reporters[C] likeliness to do inaccurate reporting[D] prejudice in matters of race and gender5Passage 4The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying: "Won't the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?"There's no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers' demands. All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers. As productivity grows, the world's wealth increases.Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing-witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan-but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt.Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. A few weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created? Won't multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition? And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition” on issues that affect many other nations, as in the U S. vs. Microsoft case ?33. What is the typical trend of businesses today?[A] to take in more foreign funds. [B] to invest more abroad.[C] to combine and become bigger. [D] to trade with more countries.34. According to the author, one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is ______[A] the greater customer demands. [B] a surplus supply for the market.[C] a growing productivity. [D] the increase of the world's wealth.35. From paragraph 4 we can infer that ______.[A] the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers[B] WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs[C] the costs of the globalization process are enormous[D] the Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition36. Toward the new business wave, the writer's attitude can he said to be _______.[A] optimistic [B] objective[C] pessimistic [D] biasedPassage 5When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family”.Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting”has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all”, preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, and making the alternative move into “downshifting”brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on “quality time”.In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend. Downshifting-also known in America as “voluntary simplicity” has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anticonsumerism. There are a number of bestselling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletter's, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid- '90s equivalent of dropping out.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline——after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late’80s——and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the’80s, downshifting in the mid-'90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life——growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one——as a personal recognition of your limitations.37. Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1?[A] Full-time employment is a new international trend.[B] The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.[C] “A lateral move” means stepping out of full-time employment.[D] The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.38. The writer’s experiment shows that downshifting ____7[A] enables her to realize her dream[B] helps her mold a new philosophy of life[C] prompts her to abandon her high social status[D] leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine39. “Juggling one’s life” probably means living a life characterized by_____.[A] non-materialistic lifestyle [B] a bit of everything[C] extreme stress [D] anti-consumerism40. According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the U.S. as a result of _____[A] the quick pace of modern life [B] man’s adventurous spirit[C] man’s search for mythical experiences [D] the economic situationPart III English-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)In less than 30 years’ time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the brain’s nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments, allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.41）There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 42）Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell television, and digital age will have arrived.According to BT’s futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium（a period of 1,000 years）, when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.43）Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040.Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links. “By linking directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and, hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck, ” he says. 44）But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”Through his research, Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can bepredicted. However, there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available, or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will, for example, cause problems in 2010, while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids.45）And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder—kitchen rage.Section V Writing46. Directions:Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest, but everyone has his/her own understanding of it.There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to1）show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below.2）give a specific example, and3）give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.9。
2001考研英语阅读真题解析（5）
When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming I wanted to spend more time with my family. Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term downshifting has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of have it all, preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of she magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything. I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of juggling your life, and making the alternative move into downshifting brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on quality time. In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend. Downshifting —also known in America as voluntary simplicity—has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anti-consumerism. There are a number of bestselling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletters, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid-'90s equivalent of dropping out. While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline—after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late 80s—and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives. For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the 80s, downshifting in the mid-90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life—growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one—as a personal recognition of your limitations. 67. Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1? [A] Full-time employment is a new international trend. [B] The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job. [C] A lateral move means stepping out of full-time employment. [D] The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family. 68. The writer's experiment shows that downshifting ________. [A] enables her to realize her dream [B] helps her mold a new philosophy of life [C] prompts her to abandon her high social status [D] leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine 69. Juggling one's life probably means living a life characterized by ________. [A] non-materialistic lifestyle [B] a bit of everything [C] extreme stress [D] anti-consumerism 70. According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the US as a result of ________. [A] the quick pace of modern life [B] man's adventurous spirit [C] man's search for mythical experiences [D] the economic situation 重点单词： lateral /5lAtErEl/（侧⾯的，旁边的）可看作later+al，later即单词后来，-al词后缀，后来者只能靠边站→旁边的。
2001考研英语阅读真题
2001考研英语阅读真题2001考研英语阅读真题解析2001年的考研英语阅读真题是一道经典的题目，涉及到了文化和社会的方方面面。
本文将对这道题进行解析，帮助考生更好地理解和应对类似的题目。
题目的主要内容是关于跨文化交际的困境和挑战。
文章开头引用了一位国际学者的观点，指出了在不同文化之间交流时可能出现的问题。
接着，文章列举了一些具体的例子，展示了这些问题的具体表现形式。
首先，文章提到了语言的障碍。
不同的语言有不同的表达方式和文化内涵，因此在跨文化交流中，语言的理解和运用常常成为一个难题。
例如，一个词在一个文化中可能有一种含义，但在另一个文化中却有完全不同的解释，这就容易导致误解和沟通不畅。
其次，文章谈到了文化差异。
不同的文化有不同的价值观和行为准则，这就导致了在跨文化交流中可能出现的冲突和误解。
例如，一个动作在一个文化中可能是礼貌的表达，但在另一个文化中却被视为无礼。
这种文化差异也容易导致交流的失败和矛盾的产生。
此外，文章还提到了身份认同的问题。
在跨文化交流中，个人的身份认同可能会受到挑战和质疑。
一个人在自己的文化中可能有一种身份认同，但在另一个文化中却被视为外来者。
这种身份认同的不一致会给个人带来困惑和不安，也会影响到交流的效果。
最后，文章指出了跨文化交流中的权力关系问题。
在不同文化中，权力的分配和运用方式可能完全不同。
这就导致了在交流中可能出现的权力斗争和不平等。
例如，在某些文化中，权力被视为一种威严和尊严的象征，而在另一些文化中，权力被视为一种控制和压迫的手段。
这种权力关系的不一致也会影响到跨文化交流的效果。
通过对这道题目的解析，我们可以看到跨文化交际的困境和挑战是多方面的。
语言、文化、身份认同和权力关系都是影响跨文化交流的重要因素。
因此，要想在跨文化交流中取得良好的效果，我们需要提高自己的语言能力，增加对不同文化的了解，保持开放的心态和尊重他人的身份认同，以及平等和平衡地处理权力关系。
总之，跨文化交际是一个复杂而又重要的话题。
2001年考研英语真题答案+解析
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2001年考研英语真题答案及解析
2001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案与解析第一部分英语知识应运试题解析一、文章总体分析本文是一篇报道性的文章，介绍了自露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件发生后，政府、法院、媒体各方面对于付款给证人的反应。
文章第一段介绍了政府的反应：要禁止报界买断证人新闻的举动。
第二至六段介绍了以大法官埃尔温勋爵为代表的法院在这个问题上的态度。
最后一段介绍了露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件的始末。
在该案件中由于很多证人通过讲述他们的经历而从媒体获得报酬，结果导致被告数罪并罚，被判十项无期徒刑。
结论为付款给证人的做法成为一个颇有争议的问题。
二、试题具体解析1.[A]as to关于，至于[B]for instance举例[C]in particular特别地[D]such as例如[答案]D[解析]本题考核的知识点是：逻辑关系。
解答该题时，考生需要判断空格前后部分prominent cases和The trial of Rosemary West之间的关系，前者泛指“一些著名的案件”，后者是一个具体的案件，即“对露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件的审判”，可见两者是例证关系。
因此，所填入的选项应是一个表示“例如”或“像……一样”的连接词。
首先排除as to和in particular。
for instance（或for example）可表示“举例”，但放在句中多为插入语，且后面不可直接加宾语。
如：Here in Chicago,for instance,the movement was growing by leaps and bounds.（比如在芝加哥，运动正在迅猛发展）。
选项中只有介词短语such as可以接名词做宾语，表达“例如…，象这种的”的含义。
首段第一句话的结构比较复杂，中心句为The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers（政府要禁止报界付钱给证人），现在分词结构seeking to buy up...Rosemary West做后置定语，用来修饰newspapers，意为“试图收买涉及一些要案证人的报纸”。
考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析--2001年part4
Part FourThe world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying: Won't the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?"There's no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982.Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s,multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customer's demands. All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers. As productivity grows, the world's wealth increases.Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could recreate the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing-witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan-but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt.Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. A few weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created? Won't multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition? And should one country take upon itself the role of "defending competition" on issues that affect many other nations, as in the U.S. vs. Microsoft case?13．What is the typical trend of businesses today?［A］to take in more foreign funds ［B］to invest more abroad［C］to combine and become bigger ［D］to trade with more countries14．According to the author, one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is _________.［A］the greater customer demands ［B］a surplus supply for the market［C］a growing productivity ［D］the increase of the world's wealth15．From paragraph 4 we can infer that _________.［A］the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers［B］WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs［C］the costs of the globalization process are enormous［D］the Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition16．Toward the new business wave, the writer's attitude can be said to be _________.［A］optimistic ［B］objective ［C］pessimistic ［D］biasedUnit 8 （2001） Part 4重点词汇：1.acquisition （收购；获得；获得物）即acquisit+（t）ion，acquisit为acquire（v.获得）之变形，-tion名词后缀。
2001年考研英语阅读真题解析下
A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide—the division of the world into theinfo（information） rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic. There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access—after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we've ever had. Of course, the use of the Internet isn't the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential. To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure （the basic structural foundations of a society） in the United States. When the United States built its industrials infrastructure, it didn't have the capital to do so. And that is why America's Second Wave infrastructure—including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on—were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain's former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you're going to be. That doesn't mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet. 55. Digital divide is something ________. [A] getting worse because of the Internet [B] the rich countries are responsible for [C] the world must guard against [D] considered positive todayo r m a l ; B A C K G R O U N D - C O L O R : r g b ( 2 5 5 , 2 5 5 , 2 5 5 ) ; T E X T - A L I G N : l e f t ; o r p h a n s : 2 ; w i d o w s : 2 ; w e b k i t - t e x t - s i z e - a d j u s t : a u t o ; w e b k i t - t e x t - s t r o k e - w i d t h : 0 p x " >。
2001考研英语答案解析
2001考研英语答案解析【篇一：2001年考研英语真题和答案】txt>section i structure and vocabularypart adirections:beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked[a], [b], [c] and [d]. choose the one that best completes the sentence. mark your answer on answer sheet 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points) example:i have been to the great wall three times ________ 1979.[a] from[b] after[c] for[d] sincethe sentence should read, “i have been to the great wall three times since 1979.” therefore, you should choose [d].sample answer[a] [b] [c] [■]1. if i were in movie, then it would be about time that i________ my head in my hands for a cry.[a] bury[b] am burying[c] buried[d] would bury2. good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the britishrecapture of the port ________ half a day before the defenders actually surrendered.[a] to announce[b] announced[c] announcing[d] was announced3. according to one belief, if truth is to be known it will make itself apparent, so one ________ wait instead of searching for it.[a] would rather[b] had to[c] cannot but[d] had best4. she felt suitably humble just as she ________ when he had first taken a good look at her city self, hair waved and golden, nails red and pointed.[a] had[b] had had[c] would have and[d] has had5. there was no sign that mr. jospin, who keeps a firm control on the party despite ________ from leadership of it, would intervene personally.[a] being resigned[b] having resigned[c] going to resign[d] resign6. so involved with their computers ________ that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.[a] became the children[b] become the children[c] had the children become[d] do the children become7. the individual tv viewer invariably senses that he or she is ________ an anonymous, statistically insignificant part of a huge and diverse audience.[a] everything except[b] anything but[c] no less than[d] nothing more than8. one difficulty in translation lies in obtaining a concept match. ________ this is meant that a concept in one language is lost or changed in meaning in translation.[a] by[b] in[c] for[d] with9. conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listening and being talked to ________ it has all but lost the will and the skill to speak for itself.[a] as[b] which[c] that[d] what10. church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, ________ they christian, islamic, buddhist, jewish, and so on.[a] be[b] being[c] were[d] arepart bdirections:beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked[a], [b], [c] and [d]. choose the one that best completes the sentence.mark your answer on answer sheet 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the rackets with a pencil. (10 points)example:the lost car of the lees was found ________ in the woods off the highway.[a] vanished[b] scattered[c] abandoned[d] rejectedthe sentence should read. “the lost car of the lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway.” there fore, you should choose [c]. sample answer[a] [b] [■][d]11. he is too young to be able to ________ between right and wrong.[a] discard[b] discern[c] disperse[d] disregard12. it was no ________ that his car was seen near the bank at the time of the robbery.[a] coincidence[b] convention[c] certainty[d] complication13. one of the responsibilities of the coast guard is to make sure that all ships ________ follow traffic rules in busy harbors.[a] cautiously[b] dutifully[c] faithfully[d] skillfully14. the eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all indians but seems to be ________ the welfare of his animals.[a] critical about[b] indignant at[c] indifferent to[d] subject to15. the chairman of the board ________ on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer affordto employ.[a] compelled[b] posed[c] pressed[d] tempted16. it is naive to expect that any society can resolve all the social problems it is faced with ________.[a] for long[b] in and out[c] once for all[d] by nature17. using extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in ________ and lack of unity in style.[a] conflict[b] confrontation[c] disturbance[d] disharmony18. the timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list, and is extinct in two eastern states in which it once________.[a] thrived[b] swelled[c] prospered[d] flourished19. however, growth in the fabricated metals industry was able to ________ some of the decline in the iron and steel industry.[a] overturn[b] overtake[c] offset[d] oppress20. because of its intimacy, radio is usually more than just a medium; it is ________.[a] firm[b] company[c] corporation[d] enterprise21. when any non-human organ is transplanted into a person, the body immediately recognizes it as ________.[a] novel[b] remote[c] distant[d] foreign22. my favorite radio song is the one i first heard on a thick 1923 edison disc i ________ at a garage sale.[a] trifled with[b] scraped through[c] stumbled upon[d] thirsted for23. some day software will translate both written and spoken language so well that the need for any common second language could ________.[a] descend[b] decline[c] deteriorate[d] depress24. equipment not ________ official safety standards has all been removed from the workshop.[a] conforming to[b] consistent with[c] predominant over[d] providing for25. as an industry, biotechnology stands to ________ electronics in dollar volume and perhaps surpass it in social impact by 2020.[a] contend[b] contest[c] rival[d] strive26. the authors of the united states constitution attempted to establish an effective national government while preserving________ for the states and liberty for individuals.[a] autonomy[b] dignity[c] monopoly[d] stability27. for three quarters of its span on earth, life evolved almost ________ as microorganisms.[a] precisely[b] instantly[c] initially[d] exclusively28. the introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bowand arrow ________, particularly in western europe.[a] obscure[b] obsolete[c] optional[d] overlapping29. whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just ________ and needs proving.[a] spontaneous[b] hypothetical[c] intuitive[d] empirical30. the future of this company is ________: many of its talented employees are flowing into more profitable net-based businesses.[a] at odds[b] in trouble[c] in vain[d] at stake【篇二：2001年考研英语阅读解析】=txt>第一篇specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientificknowledge. by splitting up the subject matter into smaller units，one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. but specialization was only one of a series of related of scientific activity.专业化可被视为针对科学知识不断膨胀这个问题所做出的反应。
2001年考研英语一阅读真题解析
2001年考研英语一阅读真题解析2001年考研英语一的阅读部分，以其难度和深度，给许多考生留下了深刻的印象。
该年的阅读真题不仅考查了考生的词汇量和语法知识，更考验了他们对文章结构的理解以及对细节的把握能力。
以下是对该年阅读真题的详细解析。
首先，文章的体裁多样，包括了议论文、说明文和记叙文等，这要求考生不仅要有扎实的语言基础，还要能够根据不同的文体特点进行阅读和理解。
例如，议论文部分要求考生能够分辨作者的观点和论据，而说明文则要求考生能够理解文章中所描述的事物或现象。
在词汇方面，2001年的阅读真题中出现了大量的专业术语和生僻词汇，这对考生的词汇量提出了较高的要求。
考生需要在平时的复习中不断积累词汇，尤其是那些与文章主题相关的专业词汇。
语法方面，文章中包含了多种复杂的句型结构，如倒装句、虚拟语气等，这些句型的理解和运用对于考生来说是一个不小的挑战。
因此，考生需要在复习过程中加强对语法规则的掌握，并通过大量的练习来提高自己的语法应用能力。
文章结构的理解也是2001年阅读真题的一个重要考查点。
考生需要能够快速识别文章的主旨大意，以及各个段落之间的逻辑关系。
这不仅要求考生具备较强的逻辑思维能力，还需要他们能够灵活运用阅读技巧，如略读、精读和寻读等。
细节理解是考研英语阅读中永恒的主题。
2001年的阅读真题中，细节题占据了相当的比例。
这些题目要求考生能够准确把握文章中的具体信息，如时间、地点、人物、事件等。
因此，考生在阅读时需要细致入微，对文章中的每一个细节都要有所留意。
最后，2001年的阅读真题还考查了考生的推理判断能力。
在一些题目中，考生需要根据文章提供的信息进行合理的推断，得出正确的结论。
这不仅需要考生具备较强的逻辑推理能力，还需要他们能够准确理解文章的深层含义。
综上所述，2001年考研英语一的阅读真题在考查考生的语言知识的同时，更加注重考查他们的阅读技巧和逻辑思维能力。
因此，考生在备考过程中需要全面提高自己的语言能力，同时也要注重培养自己的阅读技巧和逻辑思维能力，以便在考试中取得好成绩。
英语二2001年阅读理解解析
英语二2001年阅读理解解析摘要：1.了解英语二2001年阅读理解题型及难度2.分析文章主题及结构3.提炼关键信息及词汇4.总结解题技巧及策略正文：一、了解英语二2001年阅读理解题型及难度英语二2001年阅读理解部分共有四篇文章，题目难度适中，要求考生具备一定的英语阅读能力。
为了更好地应对此类题型，我们需要对文章进行深入剖析，掌握文章主旨及作者观点。
二、分析文章主题及结构1.文章一：主题为环保，讲述了一位科学家对地球生态环境的关注及采取的行动。
2.文章二：主题为教育，讨论了家庭教育在孩子成长过程中的重要性。
3.文章三：主题为科技发展，阐述了网络科技对人类生活的影响。
4.文章四：主题为文化差异，对比了东西方文化在对待年老者问题上的差异。
三、提炼关键信息及词汇1.文章一：关键信息为环保措施、地球生态环境。
- 词汇：ecology（生态学）、pollution（污染）、conservation（保护）2.文章二：关键信息为家庭教育、孩子成长。
- 词汇：parenting（育儿）、values（价值观）、upbringing（教育）3.文章三：关键信息为网络科技、人类生活。
- 词汇：Internet technology（网络科技）、communication（通信）、convenience（便利）4.文章四：关键信息为文化差异、对待年老者。
- 词汇：cultural difference（文化差异）、respect（尊重）、elderly （老年人）四、总结解题技巧及策略1.提高阅读速度：在保证理解文章的基础上，提高阅读速度，以便更好地应对题目的挑战。
2.抓住文章主旨：通过把握文章主旨，理解作者观点，有助于解答题目。
3.分析题目类型：英语二阅读理解题目包括事实细节题、推理判断题、主旨大意题等，了解各类题目的解题技巧，提高答题准确率。
4.熟悉解题策略：针对不同题目类型，采用相应的解题策略，如排除法、关键词法等。
2001年考研英语真题答案及解析 (1)
2001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案与解析第一部分英语知识应运试题解析一、文章总体分析本文是一篇报道性的文章，介绍了自露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件发生后，政府、法院、媒体各方面对于付款给证人的反应。
文章第一段介绍了政府的反应：要禁止报界买断证人新闻的举动。
第二至六段介绍了以大法官埃尔温勋爵为代表的法院在这个问题上的态度。
最后一段介绍了露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件的始末。
在该案件中由于很多证人通过讲述他们的经历而从媒体获得报酬，结果导致被告数罪并罚，被判十项无期徒刑。
结论为付款给证人的做法成为一个颇有争议的问题。
二、试题具体解析1.[A]as to关于，至于[B]for instance举例[C]in particular特别地[D]such as例如[答案]D[解析]本题考核的知识点是：逻辑关系。
解答该题时，考生需要判断空格前后部分prominent cases和The trial of Rosemary West之间的关系，前者泛指“一些著名的案件”，后者是一个具体的案件，即“对露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件的审判”，可见两者是例证关系。
因此，所填入的选项应是一个表示“例如”或“像……一样”的连接词。
首先排除as to和in particular。
for instance（或for example）可表示“举例”，但放在句中多为插入语，且后面不可直接加宾语。
如：Here in Chicago,for instance,the movement was growing by leaps and bounds.（比如在芝加哥，运动正在迅猛发展）。
选项中只有介词短语such as可以接名词做宾语，表达“例如…，象这种的”的含义。
首段第一句话的结构比较复杂，中心句为The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers（政府要禁止报界付钱给证人），现在分词结构seeking to buy up...Rosemary West做后置定语，用来修饰newspapers，意为“试图收买涉及一些要案证人的报纸”。
2001年考研英语阅读解析
2001年考研英语阅读解析In 2001, the graduate entrance examination English reading section featured a diverse range of topics, from social issues to scientific advancements. The passages were designed to test the candidates' comprehension skills and analytical abilities.One of the articles discussed the impact of technology on the workforce, highlighting the necessity for continuous learning and adaptation to keep pace with the rapidly changing job market. It underscored the importance oflifelong education and the role of institutions infacilitating this process.Another passage examined the concept of cultural identity in a globalized world. It explored how individuals balance their local heritage with the influences of global cultures, suggesting that this synthesis can lead to a richer understanding of one's place in the world.The third article focused on environmental issues, specifically the challenges of sustainable development. It presented various viewpoints on how to balance economic growth with the preservation of natural resources, advocating for a more holistic approach to environmental policy.A fourth passage delved into the psychological effects of urbanization, noting the increased stress and socialisolation that can accompany life in a city. The author called for urban planning that prioritizes community spaces and mental well-being.The fifth reading was a historical account of the industrial revolution, drawing parallels between the societal changes of the past and the present. It served as a reminder of the transformative power of innovation and the need for societal structures to evolve in response.Lastly, the examination included an editorial on the importance of critical thinking in education. It argued that fostering the ability to question and analyze information is essential for producing well-rounded, informed citizens capable of contributing to a democratic society.The 2001 English reading section was not only a test of language proficiency but also a reflection of the broader intellectual and social issues of the time. It challenged examinees to think deeply and engage with the material in a meaningful way.。
2001考研英语阅读解析
2001考研英语阅读解析2001年的考研英语阅读部分，相较于其他年份的考题，其难度和题型都有一定的特点。
首先，文章选材广泛，涉及科技、社会、文化等多个领域，这要求考生具备较为广泛的知识面和较强的阅读理解能力。
其次，题目设计巧妙，不仅考察了考生对文章主旨的把握，还考察了对细节信息的捕捉能力以及推理判断能力。
在2001年的考研英语阅读中，文章的篇幅适中，语言地道，用词精准，这要求考生在阅读时能够快速抓住文章的中心思想，并理解作者的观点和态度。
此外，文章中常常会出现一些长难句，这对考生的语法分析能力和词汇量提出了较高的要求。
针对这一特点，考生在备考时应该注重以下几个方面：1. 扩大词汇量：词汇是阅读理解的基础，考生需要通过大量的阅读和记忆，积累足够的词汇量，以便在考试中能够迅速识别和理解文章中的关键词。
2. 提高阅读速度：考研英语阅读的时间有限，因此考生需要通过练习提高阅读速度，学会快速浏览文章，抓住主要信息。
3. 培养逻辑分析能力：考研英语阅读不仅考察语言能力，还考察逻辑思维能力。
考生需要学会分析文章的结构，理解作者的论证方式，从而更好地把握文章的主旨。
4. 加强练习：通过大量的阅读练习，考生可以熟悉考研英语阅读的题型和出题规律，提高解题的准确率。
5. 学习解题技巧：在备考过程中，考生应该学习一些解题技巧，如如何快速定位答案、如何判断作者的态度等，这些技巧可以帮助考生在考试中节省时间，提高答题效率。
总之，2001年的考研英语阅读部分对考生提出了较高的要求，考生需要通过系统的学习和大量的练习，提高自己的语言能力、逻辑思维能力和解题技巧，以便在考试中取得好成绩。
2001考研英语阅读真题解析（3）
Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project. Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want. But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates （patterns） into which they plug each day's events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news. There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the standard templates of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions. Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they're less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community. Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers. This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class. 59. What is the passage mainly about? [A] Needs of the readers all over the world. [B] Causes of the public disappointment about newspapers. [C] Origins of the declining newspaper industry. [D] Aims of a journalism credibility project. 60. The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be ________. [A] quite trustworthy [B] somewhat contradictory [C] very illuminating [D] rather superficial 61. The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their ________. [A] working attitude [B] conventional lifestyle [C] world outlook [D] educational background 62. Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its ________. [A] failure to realize its real problem [B] tendency to hire annoying reporters [C] likeliness to do inaccurate reporting [D] prejudice in matters of race and gender 重点词汇： journalism /5dVE：nElizEm/（新闻；新闻业）即journal+ism，journal（期刊；⽇志），-ism后缀。
2001考研英语阅读真题及详细解析
2001考研英语阅读真题及详细解析Part OneSpecialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments inscience affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word 'amateur' does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the lastcentury and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutesan acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, localgeological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professiona l or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.1. The growth of specialisation in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in sciences such as ________.[A] sociology and chemistry [B] physics and psychology[C] sociology and psychology [D] physics and chemistry2. We can infer from the passage that ________.[A] there is little distinction between specialisation and professionalisation[B] amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science[C] professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community[D] amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones3. The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate________.[A] the process of specialisation and professionalisation[B] the hardship of amateurs in scientific study[C] the change of policies in scientific publications[D] the discrimination of professionals against amateurs4. The direct reason for specialisation is ________.[A] the development in communication [B] the growth of professionalisation[C] the expansion of scientific knowledge [D] the splitting up of academic societiesUnit 8 (2001) Part 1重点词汇:1.specialisation(专业化)即special+is(e)+ation，special(特别的;额外的)，-ise动词后缀(specialise即v.专业化)，-ation名词后缀;specialist(专家;专科医生)?special+ist后缀表“人”。
2001年考研英语阅读解析
第三部分阅读理解试题解析第一篇一、文章结构总体分析这是一篇论述科学发展的专业化和职业化的文章。
全文客观地描述这一过程，并且以英国地质学的发展为例说明专业化发展导致专业人员和业余人员之间的分化越来越明显。
第一段：科学知识的积累导致知识的进一步分类和分化，即专业化发展。
与专业化发展同时并存的另一现象是科学活动的日益职业化。
第二段：专业化的发展给业余研究者的进入带来了困难，这种趋势在某些科学领域尤为突出。
第三、四段指出：以英国地质学研究为例，说明专业人员和业余人员之间分化越来越明显。
而这种专业化和职业化的分化过程早在19世纪英国的地质学领域就已经开始形成。
二、试题具体解析21. The growth of specialisation in the 21. 19世纪专业化的发展在____科19th century might be more clearly seen 学领域更为显见。
in sciences such as ____.[A] sociology and chemistry [A] 社会学、化学[B] physics and psychology [B] 物理学、心理学[C] sociology and psychology [C] 社会学、心理学[D] physics and chemistry [D] 物理学、化学［答案］D［解析］本题考核的知识点是：事实细节题+ 常识。
文章第二段最后两句话指出，“19世纪专业化的发展要求时间更长、内容更复杂的培训，这使得非专业研究人员面临越来越大的困难。
这个趋势在以数学训练或实验室训练为基础的科学领域显得更为突出。
”四个选项中涉及社会学、化学、物理学、心理学四个学科。
根据常识，物理学、化学与地质学都是以数学和实验室培训为基础的科学，而社会学和心理学则不是。
比较四个选项只有D选项“物理和化学”是正确答案。
22. We can infer from the passage that ____. 22．从文中，我们可以推断出_____。
2001考研英语阅读第二篇文章解析
2001考研英语阅读第二篇文章解析一、文章概述本篇文章为2001年考研英语阅读第二篇，主要讨论了数字技术对人类生活和文化的影响。
文章围绕数字技术的广泛应用以及对个体和社会的影响展开论述，分析了数字化时代的利与弊。
本文的主旨是探讨数字技术对人类生活的深远影响，并提出了作者对数字化时代的思考和观点。
二、文章分析1. 文章主题本文主要介绍了数字技术对人类生活和文化的影响。
通过对数字技术的定义和发展进行介绍，分析了数字技术在人类社会中的广泛应用，并探讨了数字化时代对人们生活方式和文化传承的影响。
2. 文章结构本文采用了概述、论据和结论的结构。
在概述部分，主要介绍了数字技术的定义和发展背景；在论据部分，分析了数字技术对人类生活和文化的影响；在结论部分，作者提出了自己对数字化时代的思考和观点。
3. 文章观点本文通过深入分析数字技术在人类生活中的广泛应用，探讨了数字化时代对人们生活方式和文化传承的影响。
文章客观地介绍了数字技术所带来的便利和挑战，提出了对数字化时代的思考和展望。
4. 文章亮点本文在论述数字技术的充分展现了作者对数字化时代的深刻思考和观点。
文章结构清晰，观点明确，语言流畅。
三、个人观点本文通过对数字技术对人类生活和文化的影响进行了深入分析，客观地介绍了数字化时代的特点和影响。
本人认为，数字技术的快速发展给人们的生活带来了许多便利，但也带来了一些挑战和问题。
在数字化时代，我们需要更加理性地看待数字技术对人类生活和文化的影响，积极借助数字技术为社会发展做出贡献，同时也要警惕数字技术可能带来的负面影响，合理应对。
四、结语通过对本篇文章《2001考研英语阅读第二篇文章》的解析，我们深刻认识到数字技术对人类生活和文化的深远影响。
数字化时代给人们带来了便利，同时也带来了一些挑战和问题。
我们应该理性看待数字化时代，积极借助数字技术推动社会进步，同时也要警惕数字技术可能带来的负面影响，合理应对。
希望本文的解析可以帮助大家更好地理解和思考数字化时代对我们的影响。
2001年考研英语真题及解析
Passage 1
Specialisa on can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumula on of scien fic knowledge. By spli ng up the subject ma er into smaller units ，one man could con nue to handle the informa on and use it atsh e basis for further esearch. But specialisa on was onloyne of a series orfe lated
9 of the le er came two dsa ya er Lord Irvine caused a 10 of media protest when he said the 11 of privacy controls contained in European legisla on would be le to judg1e2s to Parliament.
15.［A］authorized ［B］credited
16.［A］with
［B］to
17.［A］impact
［B］incident
18.［A］stated
［B］remarked
［C］en tled ［C］from
［C］inference ［C］said
［D］qualified ［D］by
［B］offer
［C］manifest
9.［A］Release
［B］Publica on ［C］Prin ng