第3讲词法——动词、非谓语动词、连词

一、分类及用法

系动词：构成主系表结构 常见系动词：be ＋361

实义动词：构成主谓宾结构 及物/不及物 瞬间/延续

助动词：辅助完成句子结构，搭配实义动词或系动词使用。如：do does did have has 等 情态动词：表示情感和态度的动词，搭配动词原形使用

二、情态动词

1．掌握情态动词的基本用法

can may must should need

2．掌握固定问答句型

⑴—May I … ?

—Yes, you may/can.

—No, you can’t/mustn’t.

⑵—Need/Must I … ?

—Yes, you must.

—No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to.

三、动词词意及动词词组的辨析

1．同义词的辨析：

四个“花费”、三个“到达”、三个“加入”

2．相同动词构成的动词短语：

look 组、turn 组、get 组、come 组等。

1．I ____ some of my free time playing basketball for my school team.(天津2011，34)

A ．spend

B ．cost

C ．take

D ．pay

2．If it is dark, ____ the lights, please. (天津2011，37)

A ．pick up

B ．look up

C ．turn on

D ．play with

3．—Can you ride a horse?

—No, I ____ . (北京2011，26)

A ．needn’t

B ．may not

C ．can’t

D ．mustn’t

4．You _____ lose the way if you walk alone in the mountains at night. (上海2011，39)

A ．may

B ．need

C ．should

D ．ought to 词法——动词、非谓语动词、连词

5．—Excuse me, can I smoke here?

—No, __________. (2011广州，21)

A．you must. B．you’d not better C．you can D．you’d better not 6．—Oil is everywhere in this store, so you ____ know smoking is forbidden here.

—I'm sorry. (成都2011，32)

A．can B．may C．must

7．—Where's my music disc? I can't see it!

—You'd better ____ the disc carefully in your bedroom. (成都2011，40)

A．look up B．look through C．look for

一、后接不定式的动词

1．to do

三个希望两答应，

hope wish want agree promise

两个要求敢拒绝，

demand ask dare refuse

设法学会做决定，

manage learn decide

未能准备好计划，

fail prepare plan

不要假装再选择。

pretend choose

2．省略to的不定式

二、后接doing的动词

完成实践值得忙，

finish practise be worth be busy

继续保持急盼望，

keep on keep look forward to

喜欢思念要介意，

enjoy miss mind

考虑建议不禁想，

consider suggest can’t help

感激避免早否认，

appreciate avoid deny

冒险逃脱放弃想。

risk escape give up

三、既可以接to do，又可以接doing的动词

1．Tom’s mother told him ____ eating too much meat. (天津2011，38)

A．stopping B．to stop C．stops D．stopped 2．As we all known, it is not polite to keep others _________ for a long time. (上海2011，44) A．wait B．waited C．to wait D．waiting 3．May I have a rest? I have already finished __________ the report. (2011广州20) A．write B．writing C．to write D．written 4．While we were running on the playground, Jack suddenly stopped ____ and lay on the ground, so we all stopped ____ what was wrong with him. (成都2011，44)

A．to run; to see

B．running; seeing

C．running; to see