新视角研究生英语读说写第二册1-8课汉译英答案

Chinese-English
1. 那位教授很可能在他唯一的学生缺席的情况下对着空空的教室讲了一课。

The professor might probably have delivered his lecture to the empty classroom in the absence of his solitary student.
2. 现行的教育体制遭到了公众的批评，公众已经开始意识到这种体制给学生带来的危害。

The present educational system has been under attack from the public, who have begun to realize the harm the system has done to students.
3. 老师告诉这些大四学生他每次都会点名，因为这门课是必须要听的。

The professor told those seniors that he would take attendance every time because attendance at this course was compulsory.
4. 我真想参加你的乔迁聚会。

但是很抱歉我无法去, 因为我有一大堆事情要做。

I’d love to go to your housewarming party, but I’m sorry I can’t make it because I’ve got a stack of things to do.
5. 中学辍学的年青人可以上夜校或通过电大和函授课程恢复他们的学业。

Youths who dropped out of middle school can resume their studies at night school or through television and correspondence courses.
6. 她不喜欢那位著名作家的讲座，但她为了在讲座后得到他的签名还是耐着性子听完了。

She didn’t like the famous writer’s lecture, but she stuck it out to get the writer’s autograph after the lecture.
7. 我对讲座制所体现的冷漠无情非常失望，但是最终我还是无奈接受了它，并耐心等待成为大三的学生。

I was disappointed at the impersonality of the lecture system, but eventually I grew resigned to the system and waited patiently to become a junior. I was disappointed at the impersonality of the lecture system, but eventually I grew resigned to the system and waited patiently to become a junior.
8. 我们不得不承认讲座体制会把教师和学生天真的问题隔绝开来，而这些问题很可能会引起学生很多有用的想法。

We have to admit that the lecture system insulates a teacher from students’ naive questions, which could have triggered a line of useful thought.
9. 我不同意那些评论家的意见。

你得出的结论绝不是没有价值的。

对我而言，这些结论很有道理。

I don’t agree with those critics’ opinions. Your conclusions are far from worthless; they make a good deal of sense to me.
10. 为了学生本身的缘故，应该在第一节课就告诉他们这门课的目的，内容以及要通过这门课的要求。

For the sake of the students, they should be told on the first class about the objective and content of the course and the requirements to pass the course.
Chinese-English
1. 这一地区的每一角落都将在5年内得到供电, 这是电力部长2年前许下的诺言
Every nook and corner of the region would be provided with electricity in five years. This was the pledge that the minister of electricity had taken two years ago.
2. 由于要在不同地区做实地考察工作, 他去年一年搬了4次家，虽然他每次都搬得很不情愿。

In order to do field work at different places, he moved four times last year, though each time he did it with an ill grace.
3. 在离开这个杂乱无序、毒品充斥的小镇前，他把自己所有值钱的家当都放到一起并按一定的秩序存放了起来。

Before leaving this disordered, drug-ridden small town, he gathered together in one place all his valuable possessions and introduced some semblance of order among them.
4. 她小时候家境贫寒，没有几件对她来说有意义的东西, 所以她拥有过的每一个玩具都能勾起她串串回忆。

Her family was poor when she was a child. The things that mattered a great deal to her were very few. Therefore, every toy she had played with could evoke a rush of memories.
5. 整整一个小时，警察们在拥挤的楼群里艰难地行进，寻找一位射杀了5人的在逃持枪者。

For an hour, policemen threaded their way through the crowded buildings, looking for an elusive gunman who had shot five people.
6. 对很多人来说，旅行或离家外出一段时日是应对日常单调乏味生活的一个有效手段。

For many people, traveling or staying away from home for some time is an effective antidote to the humdrum activities of everyday life.
7. 当今妇女比以前享有更加自由、独立的地位，因此她们越来越不愿意屈从于丈夫的专横暴虐。

Women today enjoy a freer, more independent position than ever before, and are accordingly less and less willing to submit to the tyranny of their husbands.
8. 心绞痛常常是心脏病的前兆，需要特别治疗，主要是药物治疗。

Angina pectoris is often a prelude to a heart attack and requires special treatment, primarily with drugs.
9. 我们决定挖空这些大圆木，以便更多的人能坐在里面并乘坐他们顺河而下。

We decide to hollow out the great logs so that more men could sit inside them and ride in them down the river.
10. 这场大火把宫殿里所有东西都毁掉了。

没有一件华丽的镶嵌着金银的家具幸存下来。

The fire destroyed everything in the palace. Nothing of the magnificent furniture, studded with gold and silver, has survived.
Chinese-English
1. 由生物多样性的丧失而引起的对人类和地球的威胁和由气候变化所带来的危险一样大。

The threat to humanity and the planet posed by biodiversity loss is as great as the dangers presented by climate change.
2. 收到年轻读者表达他们对被囚动物的关心的信，并询问他们能帮助做什么，我们总是很高兴。

We are always happy to hear from young readers expressing concern for animals in captivity and asking what they can do to help.
3. 这两个最盛行的理论都认为恐龙之所以灭绝是因为地球大气和温度的变化而造成的。

The two most popular theories both say that dinosaurs died out because of changes in the earth’s atmosphere and temperature.
4. 这场森林大火最终被消防队所控制住了，花费将近50万美元。

The forest fire was finally brought under control by the fire-fighting crews at a cost of nearly half
a million dollars.
5. 植物根茎能够固定土壤，使之不会被雨水冲蚀。

Plant roots can hold the soil in position and prevent it from being washed away by the rain water.
6. 健康的生态系统以能源、营养物质、有机物质和水的可持续更替为特点。

Healthy ecosystems are characterized by sustainable turnovers of energy, nutrients, organic matter and water.
7. 在世界野生动物基金会一份新的报告中，科学家警告说全球变暖可能在今后20年中灭绝北极熊。

In a new report by the WWF, scientists have warned that global warming could kill off polar bears within the next 20 years.
8. 犁过的地对流水没有防范能力，因而珍贵的表土常常在大雨和洪水中被冲走。

Plowed fields don’t have any protection against running water, and often the valuable topsoil is carried away during heavy rains or floods.
9. 这个花园比前两天要安静多了，但周围还是有很多各式各样的鸟。

The garden was considerably quieter than it had been the previous two days, but there were still a good variety of birds around.
10. 尽管有不同的预计，但总体上人们认为用于制作现代药品的活性成分有大约30%到40%是从植物中提取的，或同植物有关。

While estimates differ, it is generally believed that around 30%–40% of the active ingredients used in modern medicines are derived from, or related to, plants.
Chinese-English
1. 经过五年的实践, 他现在对同国际投资和贸易相关的法律事务已很在行了。

Having practiced for about 5 years,he is now adept at legal issues relating to international investment and trade.
2. 根据一项调查，X一代对退休后依靠社会保障持怀疑态度。

和先辈们相比，他们早已开始在为退休而省钱了。

According to a survey, Gen Xers are skeptical about relying on Social Security when they retire. They began saving for retirement early compared with their predecessors.
3. 通过这种轻松舒适的脚摩治疗，你白天所有的烦恼压力好象都消失了。

All the cares and stresses of your day seem to fade away under the relaxing and comfortable treatment of foot massage.
4. 研究表明大部分员工都很看重他们卓有成效的工作能够得到认可或赞赏。

Studies show that most employees place a high value on being recognized or being complemented for a job well done.
5. 急诊室里挤满了来看常见病的病人，因为他们没有固定的医生。

Emergency rooms were clogged with patients who came for treatment of relatively routine medical problems because they didn’t have a regular doctor.
6. 任何一个试图训练或帮助一名新技术经理转变角色成为领导的人都可以从这本书中获得有用的想法。

Anyone trying to coach or help a new technical manager make the transition to a leadership role can get useful ideas from this book.
7. 大多数时候如果你走捷径完成一个项目，结果则需要你做一些修补工作,而其所花的时间会是你走捷径所省下的时间的两倍。

Most of the time when you take a short cut for completing a project you will end up doing some repair work later that will take double the time you saved by the short cut.
8. 那些不能在个人和职业生活之间设置合理界限的员工是不能理解生活和工作的意义的。

Employees who fail to set appropriate boundaries between their personal and professional lives will not be able to understand the meaning of life and work.
9. 这一运动的目的是训练人们在面对危险时有序而职业地作出反应。

The purpose of the exercise was to train staff to react in a disciplined and professional manner when in the presence of danger.
10. 大多数X一代人都有放弃职业发展而花费更多时间来陪妻子和孩子的愿望,特别是在他们孩子还小的那几年。

Most Gen Xers have the desire to forgo career advancement for more time with their wife and children, especially in the early years of their children’s lives.
Chinese-English
1. 人们认为年轻人最好在事业有成之后再结婚，过安定的生活。

It is considered desirable for young people to get married and settle down only after they are established in their jobs.
2. 她的丈夫是个非常顾家的人，每天都花很多时间做饭,打扫卫生、照顾三个正在上学的孩子。

Her husband is a very domestic person, spending a lot of time everyday in cooking, cleaning and caring for their three school-age children.
3. 现在的年轻人具有与他们的父母截然不同的价值观和期望，他们认为个人享乐比家庭责任更重要。

Today’s young people have completely different values and expectations from their parents, giving higher priority to personal pleasure over family obligations.
4. 从社会角度看，妇女一辈子当全职家庭主妇是不明智的，更不要说受过良好教育的妇女了。

From society’s viewpoint, it does not make sense for women, much less well educated women, to be full-time homemakers for a lifetime.
5. 二十几岁的单身男女认为同居是婚前考察未来伴侣品质、习惯的途径。

可是婚前同居已证明与较高的离婚风险相关联。

Singles in their twenties see cohabitation as a way to investigate a prospective partner’s character and habits before marriage. But premarital cohabitation has proven to be associated with a higher divorce risk.
6. 为了儿童的福利，政府应该制定政策，为父母提供兼职、临时和弹性工作时间的工作机会以及带薪育儿假。

In the interest of child welfare, government should institute policies to provide part-time, temporary and flextime job opportunities and paid parental leave for parents.
7. 着眼于建立牢固持久的婚姻关系，夫妻在发生摩擦时应该相互体谅。

With an eye toward forming strong and lasting marital unions, couples should make allowances for each other, when there is friction between them.
8. 考虑到离婚率很高，已婚母亲如果长期脱离劳动力市场就将自担风险——一旦她们的婚姻以离婚告终，她们将遭受严重的经济损失。

Given the high divorce rate, married mothers leave the labor market for an extended period of time at their own peril — they will suffer severe economic loss if their marriage ends in divorce. 9. 父母与子女之间的关系是一种非常特殊的关系。

父母为子女所做出的牺牲是无法用金钱补偿的。

The bond between child and parent is a very special one. Money can not make up for the sacrifices parents have made for their children.
10. 劳动人口中男女平等日益增强为女性在事业上实现自己的抱负提供了史无前例的机遇。

Increasing gender equality in the work force provides women historically unprecedented opportunities for personal fulfillment in their careers.
Unit 6
1. 在追求幸福的过程中，人们注定要遭受许多挫折。

People are preordained to suffer many frustrations in their quest for happiness.
2. 美国是一个雄心勃勃的民族。

各行各界的人们都面临着力求出类拔萃的激烈竞争压力。

American is an ambitious nation. People from every walk of life face the pressure of fierce competition to excel.
3. 当天买卖股票投机是一种危险的谋财之道。

Day trading is a dangerous way of trying to make a fortune.
4. 数百万人怀着暴发致富的幻想花钱买彩票。

Millions of people have a fantasy about getting rich quick and spend money on lotteries.
5. 人们担心如果军备竞赛失控，世界局势将进一步恶化。

There is a fear that if the arms race gets out of hand, the world situation will be worse off.
6. 为了保护自己免遭失败的痛苦就放弃自己的抱负是不明智的。

It is not sensible to give up one’s own ambition in order to shield oneself from the bitterness of failure.
7. 许多人拼命挣钱，因为金钱可以买到大房子、小汽车、大屏幕电视以及其他被认为代表地位和身份的消费品。

Many people strain to earn money because money can buy big houses, cars, big-screen TVs and other consumer products which are considered symbols of status and identity.
8. 为了实现我们的抱负而努力奋斗是值得的。

It pays to exert ourselves to fulfill our own ambitions.
9. 十年前大多数中国人还买不起的手机现在已成为很普及的生活必需品。

The cell phone, which was beyond the reach of the majority of the Chinese people a decade ago, has now become a widely owned daily necessity.
10. 自从得到了晋升以后，她就表现得自命不凡。

不过在我看来，她只不过是个微不足道的小人物。

She acts as if she were someone since she was promoted. But to me, she is a mere nobody.
Unit 7
1. 美国人渴望新的未开发地带，在那里他们可以摆脱任何束缚，自由自在。

Americans hanker after new frontiers where they can be free of any constraints and be themselves.
2. 令年轻人神往的正是在网上冲浪时获得的那种自由的感觉。

What captures young people’s i magination is precisely the sense of freedom they get while surfing the Internet
3. 不论种族、文化和社会经济地位，每个人都能够在网络空间找到一个由与自己志趣相投的人所组成的社区
Regardless of their race, culture and socioeconomic status, everyone can find a community of likeminded people in cyberspace.
4. 虚拟社区宁愿由自己而不是由世俗政府建立和执行社区行为规范。

Virtual communities prefer to set and enforce community standards by themselves rather than by
the terrestrial government.
5. 网络空间类似于现实世界，包括从购物中心、学校区到红灯区等各种各样的地方。

Cyberspace is akin to the terrestrial world, which includes various places ranging from shopping malls, school districts to red-light zones.
6. 只有满足自己成员需要的网络社区才能够繁荣兴旺。

Only cyberspace communities that cater to the needs of their members will prosper.
7. 随着远距离通信技术的发展，世界不久将联合成为一个地球村。

With the development of telecommunications technology, the union of the world into a global village is at hand.
8. 免费下载知识财产在互联网使用者中十分普遍。

It is prevalent among Internet users to download intellectual properties for free.
9. 互联网上的讨论组主持人的职责是防止广告和无关信息进入论坛。

The job of the moderator of a discussion group on the Internet is to keep out advertisements and unrelated materials of the forum.
10. 言论自由的拥护者往往贸然断定任何形式的政府管理都将妨碍他们的自由。

Advocates of free speech tend to jump to the conclusion that any form of government regulation will interfere with their freedom.
英翻汉
What’s unique about cyberspace is that it liberates us from the tyranny of government, where everyone lives by the rule of the majority. In a democracy, minority groups and minority preferences tend to get squeezed out, whether they are minorities of race and culture or minorities of individual taste.
网络空间的特别之处在于，它把我们从必须按照大多数人制定的规则而生活的政府专制中解放出来。

在民主国家中，少数派和少数人的偏好往往会遭到排挤，无论他们是少数民族和文化还是少数人拥有的个人爱好。

Cyberspace allows communities of any size and kind to flourish; in cyberspace, communities are chosen by the users, not forced on them by accidents of geography. This freedom gives the rules that preside in cyberspace a moral authority that rules in terrestrial environments don’t have.
但是在网络空间，任何大小和类别的社区都能繁荣发展；在网络空间，用户自由选择自己的社区，而不是依据地域的偶然因素将社区强加给用户。

这种选择的自由赋予主持网络空间的规章制度以一种道德权威，而这种权威是陆地环境中的规章制度所不具备的。

Most people are stuck in the country of their birth, but if you don’t like the rules of a cyberspace community, you can just sign off. Love it or leave it. Likewise, if parents don’t like the rule s of a given cyberspace community, they can restrict their children’s access to it. (Para 14)
大多数人被困于自己出生的国家无法脱身。

然而如果你不喜欢某个网络社区的规章，你可以退出。

要么喜欢它，要么离开它。

同样的，如果父母们不喜欢某个网络社区的规章，他们可以限制自己孩子与它接触。

What’s likely to happen in cyberspace is the formation of new communi ties, free of the constraints that cause conflict on earth. Instead of a global village, which is a nice dream but impossible to manage, we’ll have invented another world of self-contained communities that cater to their own
members’ inclinations without interfering with anyone else’s.
可以预料在网络空间将会形成不受那些在地球上导致冲突的种种约束的新社区。

我们不会建立一个地球村，那只是一个美好却难以实现的梦想。

我们将创造另一个由许多能满足其成员的意愿同时又不妨碍他人意愿的独立自主的社区组成的世界。

The possibility of a real market-style evolution of governance is at hand. In cyberspace, we’ll be able to test and evolve rules governing what needs to be governed — intellectual property, content and access control, rules about privacy and free speech. Some communities will allow anyone in; others will restrict access to members who qualify on one basis or another.
社区管理方式的真正市场化演变即将成为可能。

在网络空间，我们将能够通过试验和改进规章制度来管理那些需要管理的——知识财产、内容和使用限制、关于隐私和言论自由的规则。

有些社区将允许任何人加入，有些将只允许符合这种或那种条件的成员加入。

Those communities that prove self-sustaining will prosper (and perhaps grow and split into subsets with ever-more-particular interests and i dentities). Those that can’t survive —either because people lose interest or get scared off — will simply wither away. (Para 15)
那些能够自我维持、自我完善的社区将会昌盛起来（而且也许会壮大并分裂为一个个依据更加具体的兴趣和身份而建立的分社区）。

而那些不能生存的社区——或是因为人们对它们失去了兴趣或是因为人们被吓跑了——则将渐渐萎缩并消失。

Unit 8
1. 一个懒惰的人容易才思枯竭，因为他总不用脑思索。

A lazy person is apt to get his mind impoverished because he doesn’t make use of his intelligence all the time.
2. 看到这张照片，我仿佛回到了无忧无虑的学生时代。

This photo conjures up memories of my carefree school days.
3. 他意识到他已经被大家看成是打杂跑腿的了。

He realizes now he’s been typecast as an executive errand boy.
4. 这个协会的目标就是为了让传统的家具设计技艺永世流传。

The goal of the association is to perpetuate the skills of traditional furniture design.
5. 成见通过用巨大的、可以辨别的剪图来掩盖这个纷杂喧闹的大千世界，并以此来减轻我们的脑力劳动。

Stereotypes economize on our mental effort by covering up the blooming, buzzing confusion with big recognizable cutouts.
6. 真正的改变是一个漫长的过程：现实的点点滴滴汇入我们的脑海，直到它们渐渐带有模糊不清的生活本质
The true process of change is a slow one that adds bits and pieces of reality to the pictures in our heads, until gradually they take on some of the blurriness of life itself.
7. 这位著名的女演员告诉记者说她在成名前特别快乐。

The famous actress said to the reporter that she was perfectly happy until fame was thrust upon her.
8. 他的一个密友警告他，如果他继续买些没用的东西就有破产的危险。

One of his intimate friends warns him that he is in danger of losing all his money if he continues to buy useless items.
9. 通过对这个项目各个方面的仔细研究，他们发现成功完成的可能性极大。

Having delved deeply into all aspects of the project, they find that there is every prospect of success.
10. 他们记得的是全班最不听话的坏孩子犯了错误，因为在记忆中他们是少数不合群的学生。

It was the unpopular members of the class —the ―bad guys‖ — they remembered as being out of step.
Book II Unit 1 E-C
听讲课存在的一个问题是：会听是很难的事。

阅读课本中相同内容是更有效的学习方法，因为学生可以根据其需要慢慢阅读直到他们理解这些内容。

有时甚至仅仅做到专心听讲都很难。

人们可以以每分钟400—600个字的速度听，而最富有激情的教授说话的速度也很难达到这个速度的1/3.讲话和理解之间的时间差导致开小差。

很多学生认为多年来看电视已经削弱了他们保持注意力的能力。

但是他们真正的问题是专心听课比他们认为的要难的多。

讲课这一方式不会完全从大学消失。

一是因为讲课似乎从经济上是必需的，二是讲课起源于悠久的传统，而且人们又把传统本身看的很重。

但是讲课通常出现在学生接受教育生涯的错误的那一端——在大学的第一年和第二年，那时他们最需要密切的、甚至是针对个体需要的指导。

如果讲课这一形式局限于三、四年级的学生，则对学生的兴趣和热情的破坏力会比目前的制度小的多，因为三、四年级的学生不太需要学科上的指导和帮助，而且更有能力自己制定学习计划。

毕竟学生在能够从听讲课中学到知识之前必须先要学会去听。

Book II Unit 2 E-C
我们大多数人都把自己同自己的出生地或我们称之为家的地方紧密相连。

不能回家以获得安全感是令人痛苦的。

2别的学生一开始很兴奋，几周后却发现自己开始想念所熟知的事物，并希望见到朋友和家人。

3 当我们搬迁到新的环境，需要以不同的方式与不同的人交往以满足自己的需要的时候，我们每个人都会有想家的感觉。

4 有时，如果这个人开始对爱的需要不能得到满足，想融入新群体的愿望又不能实现，那么想家就可能会导致更严重的忧郁症。

5 通常，想家是另一种表明我们害怕面对未来或怀疑自己应对能力的方式。

Book II Unit 3 E-C
理由之一是，每个物种在他所处的由所有动植物和无生命的气候、土壤、水和空气等组成的生态系统中都占有一个特殊的地位。

例如，在森林中，较高的树掉下的残枝在土壤中形成一个水分保持层，供其他植物利用。

它们的根可以固定土壤，防止土壤被暴雨冲走。

无论是活树还是枯树都可以为动物和鸟提供栖息地，为昆虫提供食物。

枯树腐烂以后还可以肥沃森林的土壤，得以使其他植物从原处拔地而出。

这样的大树就是我们所说的主要物种；如果它们从生态系统中消失，其后果会遍及所有居住在森林的其他物种。

哈佛大学的生物学家，爱德华. 威尔逊说：―一个主要物种的消失就像钻头意外的地钻断电线，导致四处断电。

‖在当前第六次―大灭绝‖时期，每小时平均有三个物种灭绝，也就是每天有74个物种灭绝，每年合计达27000个。

其中有些物种——虽然我们不确定是哪些——毫无疑问是主要物种。

Book II Unit 4 E-C
1 然而，X一代人目睹了他们的父母为了职业晋升而做出牺牲，结果却遭遇了美国公司的大量裁员。

2 这些不同的观点视角常常导致工作中的冲突。

他们彼此都易于把对方概念化。

3 X一代人认为自己没有理由要尽职苦干，因为他们能把工作做的又快又好，而且仍有时间来休闲和陪伴家人。

4 有人会说唯一的解决办法是通过司法体系，因为随着婴儿潮时期的人不断变老，与年龄歧视有关的诉讼可能会增加。

5 但是，历史就是如此循环往复——随着婴儿潮时期出生的人开始退休，X一代开始掌权，Y一代开始步入社会。

Book II Unit 5 E-C
男人挣钱养家、女人生儿育女是有史以来天经地义的社会生活模式，虽然这种模式并不总如过去一个半世纪现代社会中表现的那样极端。

也许除了在没有年幼儿童的成人伴侣中可以进行很多社会实验认为核心家庭可以或者应该被完全抛弃是极其鲁莽的。

当孩子成为综合考虑因素的一部分时，基本的生理和社会限制就可以发挥作用——比如母亲对幼小儿童的重要性——如果抛弃核心家庭的中心元素，社会将会承担极大的风险。

与其努力同时承担男性挣钱养家和女性生儿育女的双重责任，并为自己不能达到目的而不断地感到失望和不安，不如我们更坦然的承认、考虑、并欣赏不同性别的截然不同的需求、性兴趣、价值观和目标，这样我们会做的更好。

与其不分男女都追求―具有男性偏向的自由‖，我们应该做更多的工作来促进一种社会文化；给予注重家庭亲情关系和养育子女的传统女性价值观更多的重视和尊重。

因此，如果要推进社会以及个人的利益，经过改良的传统婚姻性别角色是必要的。