湖南大学机自英语教程 (10)

合集下载

2021年湖南大学硕士研究生入学考试自命题科目参考书目

608
基本英语（含词汇、语法、阅读、写作）
无固定参照书
609
基本日语（含词汇、语法、阅读、日汉语互译）
无固定参照书
科目代码
科目名称
重要参照书目
610
西方哲学史
《西方哲学简史》，赵敦华编著，北京大学出版社，
611
政治学原理
《政治学基本》（第二版），王浦劬主编，北京大学出版社，1995或；或《新政治学概要》，王邦佐等主编，复旦大学出版社，
617
文学理论和写作
《文学理论教程》，童庆炳主编，高等教诲出版社，
618
语言学概论与写作
《语言学纲要》（第三版），叶蜚声、徐通锵，北京大学出版社，
801
构造力学
《构造力学》(第四版)，杨茀康、李家宝主编，高等教诲出版社，1998
802
流体力学
《水力学》（第一版），金建华、王烽主编，湖南大学出版社，（市政工程专业用）;《流体力学、泵与风机》（第四版），蔡增基等主编，中华人民共和国建筑工业出版社，1999（供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程专业用）
605
有机化学(理)
《有机化学》（第二版），湖南大学化学化工学院郭灿城主编，科学出版社；或《有机化学》，胡宏纹主编,高等教诲出版社
606
有机化学（药）
《有机化学》（第二版），湖南大学化学化工学院郭灿城主编，科学出版社或《有机化学》，胡宏纹主编,高等教诲出版社
607
药学生化
《生物化学》(第五版)，吴梧桐主编，人民卫生出版社
602
数学分析
《数学分析》（第二版）,复旦大学陈传璋等编,高等教诲出版社
603
普通物理
全国重点大学理科类普通物理教材
604
设计艺术史论

电子教案与课件：机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语第四版课件1

最终部件的性能（硬度、强度和及加工性能）决定选材，而非锻造所要求的性能（决定）。
4. Low-carbon, nickel-chromium steel is just about as plastic at high temperature under a single 520-ft.lb blow as plain steels of similar carbon content.
低碳镍铬钢与同等碳含量的普通碳钢在高温下经历520-ft.lb锻打时的塑性差不多。
20
5. Nickel decreases forgability of medium-carbon steel, but has little effect on low-carbon steels.
镍降低中碳钢的可锻性，但对低碳钢没什么影响。 6. Chromium seems to harden steel at forging
机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语（第四版）长难句分析（PART I）
1
Unit 1 Metals
1. Of the roughly 100 basic elements of which all matter is composed, about half are classified as metals.
5
表示分类的常用句型ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
1．用主动态“fall into”表示例句：Forces fall into two classes. 2．用被动式表示
divided
can
may
might
be
c las s ified c ategorized grouped
into（或as或in）

湖南的大学英语教材书目

湖南的大学英语教材书目大学英语教材对于培养大学生的英语语言能力和跨文化交际能力起着重要的作用。

湖南的大学英语教材书目也在不断提升和发展，以满足学生的学习需求。

以下是湖南大学的英语教材书目推荐：一、大学英语教材1. 《大学英语》（第四版）- 王梦芸、姜丽萍编著这是湖南省高校大学英语教材的主要版本之一。

该教材分为四册，以培养学生的听、说、读、写和翻译能力为主要目标。

教材内容涵盖了语法、阅读、写作、听力、翻译等方面，同时注重培养学生的综合运用能力。

2. 《全新版大学英语》（综合教程）- 韩礼元、王玲编著该套教材为湖南省高校大学英语综合教程的重要版本之一。

教材引入了任务型教学法，通过生动的对话、主题文章和多媒体资源进行教学，使学生能够在实际语境中运用英语进行交际和表达。

教材内容设计灵活，同时包含了听说读写翻译等多个层面。

二、阅读教材1. 《大学英语阅读》（第二版）- 王梦芸主编该教材旨在提高学生的阅读速度和阅读理解能力，涵盖了各种不同主题和体裁的短文。

教材通过选取有代表性的文章，帮助学生了解不同的文化背景和观点，提高他们的跨文化交际能力。

2. 《大学英语阅读与翻译》- 陆向华主编该教材旨在培养学生的阅读理解和翻译能力。

教材内容包括了不同主题和体裁的文章，如社会热点、科技进展和文化交流等。

通过练习和任务的设计，学生能够提高在阅读和翻译方面的能力。

三、语法教材1. 《英语语法与写作》（第三版）- 施宏明主编该教材主要用于提高学生的语法意识和写作能力。

教材内容结构清晰，包括了基础语法知识、句型转换、作文写作等部分。

通过系统性的学习，学生能够在英语表达和写作上得到提升。

2. 《英语语法精讲精练》（第二版）- 张天红主编该教材主要面向学生的语法系统训练和巩固。

教材内容包括了语法知识的讲解、练习和测试题等。

学生可以通过自主学习和练习，快速提高对英语语法的掌握程度。

总结湖南的大学英语教材书目包括了大学英语教材、阅读教材和语法教材等多个方面。

大学英语自学教程（上册）unit10科学态度

大学英语自学教程（上册）unit10科学态度大学英语自学教程(上册) unit 10 科学态度10-A. Scientific AttitudesScience had its beginning when man started asking questions about his environment. He wondered where the sun went at night and why the sky was blue. He questioned why the wind blew and the leaves fell. He sought answers to these and other questions. Not all his answers were correct, but at least he did want to know.Curiosity and ImaginationScience began to develop rapidly when man laid aside his wrong beliefs and begs to seek true explanations. Young children are curious about how things work. The child wants to take apart a watch to see what makes it work.Benjamin Franklin wondered about lightning. He combined his curiosity with imagination and carried out his well-known experiment to show that lightning and an electric spark are the same thing. Curiosity and imagination are important qualities which help stimulate the discovery of new facts and advance science.Belief in Cause and EffectScientifically minded people believe in a "cause-and-effect" relationship. They feel there is a perfectly natural explanation for everything. For example, there is a good reason why some leaves turn red and others yellow in the fall. Changes such as these, which are easily observed, are called phenomena. Some common phenomena, however, are not completely understood. Still others cannot be explained at all at this time. In cases where the explanation is unknown the scientific point of view is that thereis a reason if it can only be discovered.Being Open - MindedOpen-mindedness is also extremely important to a scientific attitude. This means the ability to face the facts as they are regardless of what one has previously thought. It includes an ability to accept new and sometimes even disagreeable ideas. The worker in science must face facts whether they are pleasant or unpleasant. He must expect many failures and be willing to try again. Thomas Edison failed thousands of times before he succeeded in producing the first electric lamp.The solutions to real problems cannot be seen in advance. Scientists must be able to change their thinking and to adapt their theories to new facts as they are discovered. The mind cannot be made up once and for all. New knowledge may make a change in thinking necessary. This is another way of saying that man's understanding is always less than perfect. What is accepted as true often is relatively, and not absolutely, true. A scientific truth offers an explanation that is acceptable only in the light of what is known at a particular time.Respect for the Views of OthersAnother part of a scientific attitude is respect for the views of others. This is easy when these views are like one's own. The difficulty comes up when their ideas are different. Views which are entirely new or foreign may also be hard to accept.New ideas are frequently very slow to be accepted. Scientists such as Galileo, Louis Pasteur, and Edward Jenner were laughed at because they held theories that were not accepted. Respect for new ideas is important for continued progress in all fields of knowledge.Opinions on EvidenceSometimes evidence is not complete. It may take time for new facts to become available. When they are available, a person may have to change his mind. New findings may also require a “wait-and-see”attitude. For example, there is an experiment on the sprouting of seeds which has been running for more than 50 years. The purpose is to determine how long a time can be buriedin the ground and still grow when proper conditions for growth exist.【课文译文】科学态度当人类开始对周围的环境提出问题时，就开始有了科学。

湖南大学自考英语专业招生课程简介

湖南大学自考英语专业招生课程简介英语（本科段）专业考试计划专业代码：C050201一、英语专业考试课程及学分序号课程代码课程名称学分备注 01 03708 中国近现代史纲要 2 02 03709 马克思主义基本原理概论 403 00840 第二外语（日语） 6 任选一门课程 04 00841 第二外语（法语） 6 05 00603 英语写作 4 06 00087 英语翻译 6 07 00600 高级英语 12 08 00604 英美文学选读 6 09 00830 现代语言学 4 一组任选一组10 00832 英语词汇学 4 11 00833 外语教学法 4 二组 12 00838 语言与文化 4 13 05844 国际商务英语 6 三组 14 00094 外贸函电 4 S1 00602 口译与听力6 S2 10233英语（本科）毕业论文不计学分合计 5415 00593 听力 8 非直接报考加考课程 16 00594 口语8 1700795综合英语（二）10说明：1、口译与听力、听力、口语课程为实践环节考核课程。

2、实践环节考核课程按考核大纲要求在当次报考简章所指定的主考院校进行。

s 二、英语专业报考条件凡国家承认学历的专科及专科以上毕业生均可以报考本专业，并根据具体情况作如下分类： 1、英语类专业专科毕业生可以直接报考。

2、其他专业专科及专科以上毕业生报考，须加考听力、口语、综合英语（二）等三门课程。

三、英语专业新旧计划课程顶替办法英语（本科段）专业计划课程与原开考计划课程衔接表新计划中课程原开考计划中课程序号课程代码课程名称01 00840 第二外语（日语）8027 日语07302 00841 第二外语（法语）8011法语07403 00603 英语写作080 英语写作04 00087 英语翻译072 英语翻译05 00600 高级英语069 高级英语06 00604 英美文学选读075 英美文学选读075 美国文学史及作品选读、076 英国文学史及作品选读07 00830 现代语言学077 现代语言学08 00832 英语词汇学078 英语词汇学09 00833 外语教学法076 外语教学法、教育学10 00838 语言与文化058 语言与文化、心理学11 05844 国际商务英语00834 英语经贸知识05912 00094 外贸函电060 外贸函电13 00602 口译与听力066 口译与听力14 00593 听力8049 英语听力064英语听说15 00594 口语8048 英语口语07016 00795 综合英语（二）067 综合英语（二）、基础英语（二）、基础英语17 10233 英语（本科）毕业论文7072 毕业论文参考文章来源：湖南大学自考网/html/zkzy/20120820181.htm l。

2010年湖南大学英语翻译基础考研真题及其答案解析

财教创办北大、人大、中、北外授训营对视频集、一一保分、、小班2010年湖南大学英语翻译基础真题答案育明教育梁老师提醒广大考生:历年考研真题资料是十分珍贵的,研究真题有利于咱们从中分析出题人的思路和心态,因为每年专业课考试不管在题型还是在内容上都有很高的相似度，考研学子们一定要重视.有什么疑问可以随时联系育明教育梁老师,我会为根据各位考生的具体情况提供更加有针对性的指导。

6. Term Translation46. Chinese to English(1) three represents theory (The Party should always represent the development needs of China'sadvanced social productive forces, always represent the onward direction of China 's advanced culture, and always represent the fundamental interests the vast majority of the people.(2) Keep Up With the Times(3) The ability of independent innovation(4) Ruling the country by virtue(5) scientific outlook (thinking) on development(6) <名> mortgage slave, mortgage burden ； a slave to one\'s mortgage 抵押借款的奴隶(7) issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers ； Issues of agriculture, farmer and ruralarea(8) pyramid selling(9) service-oriented government。

英语语言学实用教程答案（陈新仁）10

Unit 10 The V arieties of English (I)[Check your understanding]State whether each of the following statements is True or False.1. A language often has some dialects. T2. London Cockney is very prestigious in Britain. FNote: RP (Received Pronunciation) is very prestigious.3. Different social classes often have their own dialects. TNote: They have what we call social dialects or sociolects.4. Spoken English is informal in style. FNote: Spoken English can be very formal on some occasions involving prepared speech.■ In-Class Activities1. ASK:(1) Do you speak any local dialect(s)? Demonstrate a little bit.Omit.(2) How did dialects come into existence?People speaking the same language are long separated and then variations occur.(3) What do you think about the future of dialects? Should we take measures to protect ourdialects?Omit.2. ASK:(1) Can you identify any linguistic difference between Elizabethan and current Modern English?(e.g., in line 3, thou is now you.)The differences are underlined below:HAMLET: A man may fish with the worm that hath eat of a king, and eat of the fish that hath fed of that worm.KING: What dost thou mean by this?HAMLET: Nothing but to show you how a king may go a progress through the guts of a beggar. KING: Where is Polonius?HAMLET: In heaven. Send thither to see. If your messenger find him not there, seek him in the other place yourself. But indeed, if you find him not within this month, you shall nosehim as you go up the stairs into the lobby.(2) Since Shakespeare (1564-1616), do you think the English grammar has changedprofoundly? Justify your judgment with evidence from the above excerpt.Not much. The basic patterns are the same. A noticeable difference lies in the position of “not” as in “If your messenger find him not there”.(3) How does modern English differ from Old English and Middle English?Y ou may refer to George Y ule, The Study of English, pp. 218-2233. ASK:(1) What style or idiolect do you think characterizes Mark Twain? Justify yourself with evidencefrom the text.a. use of vernacularb. humorc. intimacy with the readersd. colloquialism(2) What style do you think characterizes Henry James? Justify yourself with evidence from thetext.a. high formalityb. use of long and involved sentencesc. seriousd. use of pompous language4. ASK:(1) How would you express each of the conversational fragments in formal English? Do theseinformal sentences express any feeling or idea that is not expressed in the formal style?a. What did you say? Y ou said I worry?b. What did you say? Y ou said John got a job?c. Did you say my boss gave me a raise?d. Did you say he wore a tuxedo?(2) How is the language of administrative regulations different from the conversational fragments?The informal style can be characterized as having a great amount of abbreviation, shortening, contraction, and deletion. By contrast, the regulations use long, complete, and complex sentences. Big words are frequently used.(3) Look at the following picture. Which style does the language used belong to, formal orinformal? Why?It is informal as signaled by the mixed use of regular language and an email symbol.5. ASK:(1) How does Mrs. Bennet’s speech reflect the general characteristics of women’s language?Illustrate with examples.a. Use intensifiers and exaggerationsb. Use emphatic tones like stressing “me”, “that”, and “his”c. Use formal language(2) What other features may characterize feminine discourse?Women love to use exaggerations as shown by wide distribution of intensifiers, like “awfully”and “terribly”. Women love to use endearment language. They love to express strong wishes.They love to use emphasis of various kinds.7. ASK:(1) How would you describe public signs as a unique genre?Highly elliptical; mostly representatives, directives and commissives (like informing, commanding, warning, prohibiting, etc.)(2) Are there features of signs that are not captured by these pictures?Omit.8. ASK:(1) What stylistic features can you associate with the cyber language as shown here?a. Use initials;b. Blend numericals with letters;c. Use capitals.(2) Can you give a few samples of Chinese cyber language?Omit.9. ASK:(1) How would you characterize the genre of fables as a sub-genre of narrative?a. Narrate things;b. Tell stories about animals, birds, etc. c. Carry a message.(2) How is this genre different from a children’s story?The latter is entertaining but may not convey an explicit message.10. ASK:(1) How is register different from genre?Within Halliday’s framework, register is defined in terms of functional categories.Traditionally, genre is defined in terms of formal categories. Within Halliday’s framework, genre is defined in terms of textual properties.(2) How would you define the register of a job interview or a court interrogation?For a job interview:Field of discourse: job applicationTenor of discourse: applicant-employer (formal, polite)Mode of discourse: oral (partly prepared and partly spontaneous)For a court interrogation:Field of discourse: a law suitTenor of discourse: judge (plus a jury)-suspect(s) (formal, antagonistic)Mode of discourse: oral (partly prepared and partly spontaneous)11. ASK:(1) Why do language users invent euphemisms?To Sound more pleasant or more polite. Sometimes for fun.(2) What other common euphemisms can you come up with?Omit.(3) During the V ietnam War occasionally the phrase “surgical strike” was employed in place of“bombing.” What are other euphemisms associated with war?“military intervention” for “invasion”(4) Instead of “first class,”“second class”, and “third class” accommodations, airlines now have“first class,”“tourist (coach),”and “economy.”What are the reasons for these changes in labels?To sound respectful for non-first-class passengers.T ask 3: Study Questions1. How will you distinguish between language and dialect?A language usu. has its writing system; it may include several dialects; it is often politically defined.2-6. Omit.7. What linguistic features characterize this fragment of football commentary?a. use of short sentences;b. use of elliptical sentences;c. dominant use of the simple present tense.8. Study the following pictures. Discuss their differences in terms of genre features.a. special layout; neutral and formal.b. conventional layout; more subjective.9. Omit.。

电子信息工程专业英语教程任志刚课后习题答案

电子信息工程专业英语教程任志刚课后习题答案1、—Is this ______ football, boy? —No, it is not ______.（）[单选题] *A. yours; myB. your; mine(正确答案)C. your; meD. yours; mine2、Sometimes Americans are said to be _____. [单选题] *A superficially friendB superficial friendC. superficial friendlyD. superficially friendly(正确答案)3、What do you think of the idea that _____ honest man who married and brought up a large family did more service than he who continued single and only talked of _____ population. [单选题] *A. a, /B. an, /C. a, theD. an, the(正确答案)4、16．Lily is a lovely girl. We all want to ________ friends with her. [单选题] * A．haveB．make(正确答案)C．doD．take5、--Jenny, what’s your favorite _______?--I like potatoes best. [单选题] *A. fruitB. vegetable(正确答案)C. drinkD. meat6、( ) ____ eye exercises ___ good __ your eyes. [单选题] *A. Doing, is, for(正确答案)B. Doing, are, forC. Do, is, forD. Do, are, at7、He _______ walks to school, because he lives near school. [单选题] *A. sometimes(正确答案)B. neverC. doesn’tD. don’t8、40．Star wars is ______ adventure film and it is very interesting. [单选题] *A．aB．an (正确答案)C．theD．/9、It took a long time to _______ Tom to go shopping with me. [单选题] *A. speakB. tellC. persuade(正确答案)D. talk10、Jack would rather spend time complaining than_____the problem by himself. [单选题] *A.solve(正确答案)B.solvedC.solvesD.to solve11、29．______ my free time, I like listening to music. [单选题] *A．AtB．OnC．In(正确答案)D．About12、They took _____ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping. [单选题] *A.efficientB.beneficialC.validD.effective(正确答案)13、My father?is _______ flowers. [单选题] *A. busy watering(正确答案)B. busy waterC. busy with wateringD. busy with water14、He was very excited to read the news _____ Mo Yan had won the Nobel Prize for literature [单选题] *A. whichB. whatC. howD. that(正确答案)15、This is not our house. lt belongs to _____. [单选题] *A. the Turners'B. the Turners(正确答案)C. Turner'sD. Turners16、—I can’t always get good grades. What should I do?—The more ______ you are under, the worse grades you may get. So take it easy!（）[单选题] *A. wasteB. interestC. stress(正确答案)D. fairness17、The more he tried to please her, _____she seemed to appreciate it. [单选题] *B.lesserC.the less(正确答案)D.the lesser18、I don’t know how to improve my English. Can I ask you for some _______? [单选题] *A. answersB. advice(正确答案)C. questionsD. words19、--What are the young people doing there？--They are discussing how to _______?the pollution in the river. [单选题] *A. come up withB. talk withC. deal with(正确答案)D. get on with20、He asked for help from his friends who owned a computer company in New York. [单选题] *A. 拥有(正确答案)B. 经营D. 了解21、They all choose me ______ our class monitor.（）[单选题] *A. as(正确答案)B. inC. withD. on22、78．—Welcome to China. I hope you'll enjoy the ________.—Thank you. [单选题] * A．tour(正确答案)B．sizeC．nameD．colour23、--What’s the _______ like today?--Cloudy. [单选题] *A. skyB. airC. landD. weather(正确答案)24、Every morning John takes a（）to his office. [单选题] *A. 20-minutes' walkB. 20 minute ' walkC. 20-minutes walkD. 20-minute walk(正确答案)25、Having stayed in the United States for more than ten years, he got an American（）[单选题] *A. speechB. accent(正确答案)C. voiceD. sound26、Neither she nor her friends ______ been to Haikou. [单选题] *A. have(正确答案)B. hasC. hadD. having27、I'm sorry I cannot see you immediately. But if you wait, I'll see you_____. [单选题] *A. for a momentB. in a moment(正确答案)C. for the momentD. at the moment28、My mother’s birthday is coming. I want to buy a new shirt ______ her.（）[单选题] *A. atB. for(正确答案)C. toD. with29、You can't see many _____ in a hospital. [单选题] *A. man nurseB. men nurses(正确答案)C. men nurseD. man nurses30、_____you may do, you must do it well. [单选题] *A.WhichB.WheneverC.Whatever(正确答案)D.When。

湖南大学课程教学大纲

湖南大学课程教学大纲二、课程描述本课程为非英语专业通识选修课，是英汉翻译的入门级课程，旨在通过课堂教学和课内外多文体阅读、翻译和写作实践，帮助学生了解英汉语各类人文社科和科技文本，特别是实用性文本的文体和语言特征，初步掌握基本的翻译技巧，重点通过英语阅读和英汉语言转换领悟英汉语表达习惯、语境和文化差异，从而进一步提高学生的英语熟练程度，尤其是其书面表达能力，培养学生的跨文化交际能力。

This course is a selective course for non-English undergraduate students as a preliminary course of English-Chinese translation. With extensive reading, translation and writing of texts of various styles, it aims at helping students have some idea of the stylistic and linguistic features of texts in humanistic, social science and sci-tech disciplines, especially those for practical purposes, lay a basic foundation of translation skills, and more importantly, arouse the students’ awareness of the linguistic and cultural differences of English and Chinese in practical contexts, so as to improve the students’English proficiency as well as the cross-cultural communicative competence in writing and translation.三、教学目标和教学内容本课程旨在帮助学生了解中英文实用文体特点及其语言表达差异，进而掌握英语表达式，提高英语熟练程度，同时掌握一定的翻译策略和技巧。

2020年湖南大学外国语言文学(外应、英语语言文学)考研备考攻略

2020年湖南大学外国语言文学（外应、英语语言文学）考研备考攻略湖南大学（Hunan University），简称“湖大”，坐落于历史文化名城湖南省长沙市，直属于中国教育部，是教育部、工业和信息化部、湖南省人民政府、国家国防科技工业局四方共建的全国重点大学，位列“双一流、211工程、985工程”。

学院：外国语与国际教育学院外国语言文学01 外国语言学及应用语言学①101 思想政治理论②240 日语基础、241 德语基础、242 法语基础、244 俄语基础任选一③706 基础英语（含词汇、语法、阅读、写作）④834 语言学基础复试专业课 F1201 语言理论与分析2019年湖南大学外国语言及应用语言学考研真题回忆二外（日语）参考书是王诗荣的《新大学日语简明教程》，课本后面有点难，但是考试难度不大，都是很基础的，有能力的背熟课文，感觉吃力的一定要把词汇，语法（包括助词）学透彻，今年词汇一个一分，一定不能大意。

1，汉字写假名，假名写汉字，各十个（20’）2，助词选择，十个（10’）3，语法选择，十个（10’）4，和动词有关的语法选择，十个（10’）5，阅读，两三行文字，三个选择（6’）6，日译汉，五个（10’）7，汉译日，五个（10’）8，阅读，对话形式，五个选择，五个问答（10’）9，作文，旅について（14’）706基础英语题的难度不大，但是题量大，平时要多加练习，英语基础要扎实。

1，阅读部分，50’8篇阅读，1篇七选五2，词汇基础语法选择20个，10’同义替换10个，10’适当形式10个，10’改错10个，10’完形填空20空，10’3，作文部分Summary，150词，20’作文，400词，30’834语言学基础参考书是戴炜栋的简明语言学和当代语言学，后者两本大厚书，过第一遍可能比较吃力，需要坚持下去，第二遍以后就容易懂了，湖大虽然不考基本概念，但是课本也需要吃透，理解了基本概念才能灵活运用，复习时一定要多思考，钻研真题。

自动化专业英语教程

自动化专业英语教程Automatic Control Engineering English CourseUnit 1: Introduction to Automatic Control Engineering1.1 Introduction to Automatic Control EngineeringAutomatic Control Engineering is a branch of engineeringthat deals with the design, construction, and operation ofcontrol systems. These control systems are used to regulate and manipulate the behavior of dynamic systems. In this course, wewill learn about the fundamental principles and techniques usedin Automatic Control Engineering.1.2 Control Systems1.3 Feedback Control SystemsUnit 2: Modeling and Analysis of Control Systems2.1 System ModelingSystem modeling is the process of representing a physical system in terms of mathematical equations. It allows us to analyze and design control systems using mathematical techniques. This unit will cover various methods of system modeling.2.2 Transfer FunctionsTransfer functions are a mathematical representation of the relationship between the input and output of a system. They areused to analyze the stability, transient response, and frequency response of control systems. In this unit, we will learn how to derive and use transfer functions.2.3 Block DiagramsUnit 3: Control System Design3.1 Classical Control DesignClassical control design refers to the design of control systems using classical control theory. This theory is based on the principles of proportional, integral, and derivative (PID) control. It provides simple and intuitive methods for designing control systems.3.2 PID Control3.3 State-Space Control DesignState-space control design is a modern approach to control system design. It represents the system in terms of state variables and uses linear algebra and matrix theory to design controllers. State-space control design provides moreflexibility and control over the system's behavior.Unit 4: Digital Control Systems4.1 Introduction to Digital Control Systems4.2 Discrete-Time Systems4.3 Digital Controller DesignUnit 5: Advanced Topics in Automatic Control Engineering5.1 Robust ControlRobust control is a control design approach that takes into account uncertainties and variations in system parameters. It aims to design controllers that can maintain acceptable performance even in the presence of uncertainties. In this unit, we will learn about robust control techniques.5.2 Nonlinear ControlNonlinear control deals with the control of dynamic systems with nonlinear behavior. It requires advanced techniques such as Lyapunov stability analysis, sliding mode control, and adaptive control. This unit will provide an introduction to nonlinear control.5.3 Intelligent ControlConclusion。

湖南版中等职业教育英语教材第10

湖南版中等职业教育英语教材第10Vocabularytelephone 电话，打电话afraid 恐怕，害怕message 消息，消息take a message 传递消息were 是（are的过去式）weren't=were not 不是was 是（am, is的过去式）doll 玩具娃娃free 有空的，自由的bookstore 书店answer 回答busy 忙的DialogueMrs White:Hello. This is Mrs White speaking.Xiaoling:May I speak to Miss White?Mrs White:She's not here, I'm afraid.Xiaoling:When will she come back?Miss White:At lunch time, I think. Can I take a message for her?Xiaoling:No, thanks.Miss White:Hello.Xiaoling:Hello. Can I speak to Miss White?Miss White:Speaking. Who's that, please?Xiaoling:It's Xiaoling here.Miss White:Hello, Xiaoling. How are you?Xiaoling:Very well, thanks. And you?Miss White:I'm fine too. Thanks.Xiaoling:I called you this morning. But you weren't at home.Miss White:Sorry. I was at school this morning.Xiaoling:It's my brithday this Saturday. I'm having a big party at home. Would you like to come?Miss White:I'd love to. At what time is the party? Xiaoling:We'll start at one o'clock. See you this Saturday! Miss White:See you then.。

湖南大学机自英语教程 (12)

3) Those reference book have been lent away. 那些参考书已被(让、给、叫)人借走了。
2．译成“加以…”、“予以…”、“为…所…”、“用…来…” 等结构表示的被动句。 1) The laws of motion will be discussed in the next article. 运动定律将在下文中予以讨论。 2) Atomic energy can be made use of in the production processes. 原子能可能在生产过程中加以利用。 3) The rest of the volume of the transceiver is occupied by the case, antenna, speaker, microphone, battery switches and so forth. 收发报机的其余空间为机壳、天线、喇叭、送话器，电源和开关等所占用。
四、译成以主动形式表示被动意义的句子汉语中有些句子的谓语在形式上是主动的，而实际上表示一种明显的被动意思，如；“你要的参考书买来了”、“实验做完了”。因而，有时可将被动语态译成这种句子。如果在这种句子的谓语动词前加一个“被”字，意思也还一样，只是不太顺口。 1) The switch has been turned on. 开关已经接通了。 2) This formula has already been mentioned above. 这个公式前面已经提到。 3) This work should be finished as soon as possible. 这项工作应当尽快完成。
五、固定句型的译法
1．被动语态倒装句英语中，有时为了达到强调的修辞目的或为了使上下文紧密衔接，常把被动句中的过去分词放在句首，而把主语移到助动词“be”之后原文主语前加上“……的是……”、 “或……的有……”等词译出就行。 1) In an ordinary atom the number of protons are the same as that of electrons. Clustered together with these protons are neutrons. 在普通原子里，质子数与电子数相等，与这些质子集结在一起的是中子。

湖南大学机自英语教程 (15)

一、长句分析
1．找出长句中的谓语、连词与关联词。把长句化为几个简单句。
1) To illustrate, the solution of the mathematical equations for the trajectory of a space rocket would require nearly two years of work by one computer operating an ordinary adding machine, while an electronic computing machine can do the same job in several seconds without any error. 举例来说，一个计算工作者用一架普通计算机来解一个宇宙火箭轨道的数学方程式，需要将近两年的工作时间，而一台电子计算机可以毫无差误地用几秒种就能完成同样的工作。
了解金属或合金的性能不仅可以决定这样的材料是否适合于某种特殊的用途，而且还可指出它们的热处理及机械加工方法。分析：这是一个复合句，主句中有两个并列的谓语determines 及indicates，并由并列连词not only … but also连接起来， whether引导的宾语从句修饰第一个谓语determines。
分析：如按原文结构译会很生硬。上句中that代替steam共用连词和关联词三个，虽然只有三个谓语，但已暗示在as从句内省略了一个谓语。in the presence of 的宾语是as从句内的主语water。看到as时，必须注意前后有否相搭配的词，此句中the same与as相呼应。
4. 注意从句套从句的复杂语言现象 8) If, after a body is deformed by some force, it returns to its original shape or size as the distorting force is removed, the material is said to be elastic. 如果在物体受某一力变形后，由于移走该力而使物体又恢复原来的形状和大小则我们说这种材料具有弹性。分析：此句中条件从句本身带有时间从句和原因从句，主句在最后。

湖南大学机自英语教程 (8)

2) Between the ends of the wire, there is a potential difference, making the electrons flow along the wire. 导线两端之间有电位差，这电位差使电子沿导线流动。
3) Possessing high conductivity heat and electricity, aluminium finds wide application in industry.
2) Suppose that you wished to remove a large rock from your path. You would lift or push it out the way, using your muscles. 如果你要把一块大石头从路上移走，就得用力气把它搬开或推开。（试比较：假如你要把一块大石头从路上移走。你就得用力气把它搬开或推开。）
学习不容易，使用(一个人所学到的东西)更加不容易。 2) The structure of the steel and the resulting properties will depend on how hot the steel gets and how quickly or slowly it is cooled. 钢的结构和形成的性质，将视其（获得的）加热程度和冷却的快慢而定。
3．动词不定式短语译成从句动词不定式短语作宾语补语或主语补语时，如果谓语动词为 know，find，consider，see，watch等，有时可与其宾语或主语一起译成一个宾语从句；位于句首作目的状语时，往往可译成条件状语从句，加“如果要…”等词。 1) All metals are found not to conduct electricity equally well. 人们发现，并非所有金属的导电能力都同样好。 2) To compare the weights of two different types of objects, we should have to weigh equal volumes of each. 如果比较两种不同物体的重量，就必须取同样的体积把它们进行称量。

口语课程修改版教案

Check-in is usually the first procedure for a passenger when arriving at an airport, as airline regulations require passengers check-in by certain times prior to the departure of a flight. This duration spans from 15 min to 4 hours depending on the destination and airline
Going through customs:
Any nation wants its own businesses to do well, so most of the time they prefer their people buy domestic goods over competing foreign goods. But in many cases, goods are available cheaper in another country than in your country, and people naturally want to buy them at the lower price. To tilt the balance in favor of domestic businesses, governments impose tariffs, also called duty, on foreign goods coming into the country.When you bring home souvenirs from another country, you are actually importing goods.In most countries, it isn't feasible for the customs agency to check all of the goods that every singletraveleris importing, so governments have to depend largely on people's honesty. When you enter a country, you are asked to truthfully report what goods you are importing and make a good faith estimate of their value.In theUnited Statesand many other countries, stopping drug smugglers is among the government's top priorities.In addition to drugs, customs agencies may watch for weaponry, child pornography, counterfeit merchandise and stolen goods. They also watch for people carrying illegally gained money across borders.