英汉对比与翻译第一章 (1)

Chapter One
• Synthetic vs. Analytic • 综合语和分析语
Chapter one Synthetic vs. Analytic
• A synthetic language is characterized by frequent and systematic use of inflected forms to express grammatical relationships.
Introduction
• 同位语： an effort that sometimes moved slowly or not at all, but now and again gathered speed and momentum under the impetus of an outstanding success. 该项工作有时进展缓慢，有时停滞不 前，但有时一项突出的成就又促使它加快 速度，突飞猛进
Introduction
• Skill • Art • Science
Introduction
• What is the difference between English and Chinese?
Introduction
• Wang Li(王力): • English is a language of “rule of law” (meaning it has strict grammar rules) . • Chinese is a language of “rule of man” (people can express their ideas more freely as long as they can understand each other in an agreed way).
Introduction
• 部分的目的：
为用户带来真正的“国际品质， 服务大众”
to provide its customers with products and service of international standard
Introduction
• 句子主干的状语：
一直秉承“以消费者为中心，积极 发现并充分满足其应用需求”的 服务理念，
Contrastive Study of English and Chinese
毛海燕
Comparative Translation
Introduction
• What is translation?
Introduction
• Translation is a rendering from one language into another, i.e., the faithful representation in one language of what is written or said in another language.
• 译文：
During the 12 years since its establishment, pursuing the philosophy of recognizing and satisfying the consumers’ demand, Huaqi has always been committed to integrating resources including products, quality, service and channels, and keeps improving its service quality, with the intention to provide its customers with products and service of international standard.
• 介词短语： • with the first attempts to introduce natural enemies of insects • 有人首次试图引进昆虫的天敌
Introduction
• 定语从句： • that were proving troublesome farmers • 给农民带来麻烦的（昆虫） to
1. Inflected forms
• 1) Derivation • 2) Inflection
1) Derivation
• Affixation: • Prefix • Suffix
1) Derivation
• 英语：词缀灵活多变，常常一缀多 义，不仅规模大，数量多，而且种 类齐全。 • 汉语：利用词缀构词仍处于发展中， 不论规模、数量或种类都不及英语。
Introduction
• • What steps should we follow in translation?
Introduction
• 1) analysis of the source text • 2) transfer from source to target language • 3) restructuring in the target language • 4) testing of the translated text with persons who represent the intended audience. • (Nida, 2001)
Pursuing the philosophy of recognizing and satisfying the consumers’ demand
Introduction
• 时间状语：
在成立的十二年中，
during the 12 years since its establishment
Introduction
Introduction
• 句子的主干：
• 花旗资讯致力于整合产品、品质、服 务及渠道等众多资源，推动服务品质 的纵深
• Huaqi has always been committed to integrating resources including products, quality, service and channels, and keeps improving its service quality
Chapter one Synthetic vs. Analytic
• An analytic language is characterized by a relatively frequent use of function words, auxiliary verbs, and changes in word order to express syntactic relations, rather than of inflected forms.
Introduction
• 译文： 在美国，一个世纪前，生物控制学开 始创立，可谓源头隐隐约约。当时，一些 昆虫给农民带来麻烦，有人首次试图引进 昆虫的天敌。该项工作有时进展缓慢，有 时停滞不前，但有时一项突出的成就又促 使它加快速度，突飞猛进。
Introduction
• Example 2：
在成立的十二年中，花旗资讯一 直秉承“以消费者为中心，积极发现 并充分满足其应用需求”的服务理念 ，致力于整合产品、品质、服务及渠 道等众多资源，推动服务品质的纵深 ，为用户带来真正的“国际品质，服 务大众”。
1) Derivation
• The rapidity of his movements was astonishing. • The rapidity with which he moved astonished us. • He astonished us by moving rapidly. • He astonished us by his rapid movements. • He astonished us by the rapidity of his movements.
Introduction
• • What is the most prominent feature of this course?
Introduction
• The awareness of major differences between Chinese and English are the basis for translation between the two languages.
Introduction
• Example 1:
• In America the science of biotic control has its obscure beginnings a century ago with the first attempts to introduce natural enemies of insects that were proving troublesome to farmers, an effort that sometimes moved slowly or not at all, but now and again gathered speed and momentum under the impetus of an outstanding success.
1) Derivation
• • • • 他行进的速度快得令人惊讶。 他行进速度之快，令人惊讶。 他的快速行进使我们感到惊讶。 我们对他的快速行进感到惊讶。
2) Inflection
• • • • • • 我给他一本书。 I gave him a book. 他已经给我两本书。 He has given me two books. 他爸爸常常给他一些书。 His father often gives him books.
• • • • •
1. Inflected forms 2. Word order 3. Function words 4. Intonation 5. Tone
Chapter one Synthetic vs. Analytic
• 一、英语有形态变化，汉语没有严格意 义的形态变化 • 二、英语词序比较灵活，汉语词序相对 固定。 • 三、英汉都有大量的虚词(form words)， 但各有特点 • 四、英语是语调语言，汉语是声调语言。
Introduction
• So a competent translator must be a conscious and keen language observer. • As a matter of fact, most statements, arguments or suggestions in this course are based on the comparison and contrast of the two languages.
1) Derivation
• He moved astonishingly fast. • He moved with astonishing rapidity. • His movements were astonishingly rapid. • His rapid movements astonished us. • His movements astonished us by their rapidity.
Introduction
• 句子的主干： • In America the science of biotic control has its obscure beginnings a century ago • 在美国，一个世纪前，生物控制学开 始创立，可谓源头隐隐约约
Hale Waihona Puke Baiduntroduction
Chapter one Synthetic vs. Analytic
• Example: • 他 爱 她。 • He loves her. • She loves him.
Chapter one Synthetic vs. Analytic
• Means to express grammatical relationships: