英汉对比与翻译

Examples of Negative Transfer
2. He only eat two meal a day. Morphological transfer (词形迁移) Neither nouns nor verbs have inflections in Chinese. 在汉语中,名词和动词都没有形态变化.
Negative Transfer (负迁移): Interference (干扰)
Examples of Negative Transfer
1. The writer likes writing at light (night). Phonological transfer (语音迁移) The sound /n/ does not exist in some Chinese dialects and /l/ serves as a substitute. 在有些中国方言(如南京方言)中没有/n/这个 辅音,而用/l/来替代.
形态型语言
(以形驭意)
Chinese: left-extending, heavy-headed like a lion
树 一棵树 一棵大树 一棵枝繁叶茂的大树 校园里一棵枝繁叶茂的大树 科技大学校园里一棵枝繁叶茂的大树 信息科技大学校园里一棵枝繁叶茂的大树 北京信息科技大学校园里一棵枝繁叶茂的大树 ……
Part Two
A Contrastive Study of English and Chinese 英汉语对比研究
Difference Between
Comparative Study and Contrastive Study
Comparative Fra Baidu bibliotektudy lays emphasis on the similarities between languages and applies the diachronic method of research. 比较研究着重寻找 语言间的相似点,运用 历时的研究方法. Contrastive Study lays emphasis on the differences between languages and applies the synchronic method of research. 对比研究着重寻找 语言间的不同点,运用 共时的研究方法.
Please translate the following:
你再说一个字,我马上走. If you should say one more word, I would go at once. 你死了,我去当和尚. If you should die, I would go and be a monk.
What Is Language Transfer?
Transfer is the influence resulting from the similarities and differences between the target language and any other language that has been previously acquired . Odlin (1989: 27) 迁移是由于目标语与已经习得的语言之 间的相似和差异而产生的 影响. 奥德林
English: right-extending heavy-tailed like a peacock
This is the cat. This is the cat that killed the rat. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the malt. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the malt that lay in the house. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the malt that lay in the house that was built by Jack. …
Examples of Negative Transfer
3. Shanghai is said to have thirteen million population. Collocation transfer (搭配迁移) The noun renkou, the Chinese equivalent of 'population', can have a numerical pre-modifier. Population的汉语对应词"人口"在汉语中可以用 前置数词来修饰.
Contrast Between English and Chinese Chinese
Chinese: left-extending, heavy-headed like a lion
Meaning-focused with emphasis on implicit coherence (隐性连贯) Paratactic
English
Form-focused with emphasis on explicit cohesion (显性联接) Hypotactic
语义型语言
(以意统形)
Examples of Negative Transfer
4. He suggested me to accept this offer . Syntactical transfer (句型迁移) The verb jianyi, the Chinese equivalent of 'suggest', can be used in VOC pattern in Chinese. Suggest的汉语对应词"建议"在汉语中可以用 "动词+宾语+补语"的结构.
(Condition 条件 条件)
病来如山倒, Sickness comes like an avalanche, 病去如抽丝. but goes like reeling silk.
(Contrast, Opposition 对照,转折 对照,转折)
我来他已去. He had left when I arrived.
人到齐就开会. The meeting will begin when all are here. 不要人云亦云. Don't say what others have said. Tense (时态) 帐单撕碎了. The bill was torn to pieces. 问题解决了. The problem was solved. Voice (语 态) 你再说一个字, If you should say one more 我马上走. word, I would go at once. 你死了, If you should die, I would go and 我去当和尚. be a monk. Mood (语气)
Two Types of Transfer
Negative Transfer (负迁移) Errors arise from analogy. 类推会产生错误. Positive Transfer (正迁移) Errors decrease by analysis. 分析能减少错误.
We could turn negative transfer (interference) into positive (facilitation) by making analysis on differences between the two languages and arouse the learner's awareness of avoiding or reducing errors from analogy. 我们可以通过分析两种语言的差异,提高学生避免 或减少类推错误的意识,把负迁移(干扰)转化为正迁 移(促进).
Examples of Negative Transfer
5. -- Your English is wonderful. -- No, no. My English is still poor. Pragmatic transfer (语用迁移) The negative reply to a compliment is considered in Chinese as modest and courteous. 对赞扬的否定回答在汉语中被视为谦虚有礼貌.
英 汉 对 比 与 翻 译
EnglishEnglish-Chinese Contrast and Translation
欢迎光临
杨晓华
Part One
Native Language Transfer in FL Learning:
Interference or Facilitation?
外语学习中的母语迁移: 外语学习中的母语迁移: 干扰还是促进? 干扰还是促进?
(Time Order 时间先后 时间先后)
他人老心 不老.
Although he has aged physically, he remains young at heart.
(Concession 让步 让步)
Contrast Between English and Chinese Chinese
Please translate the following:
人到齐就开会. The meeting will begin when all are here. 不要人云亦云. Don't say what others have said. 帐单撕碎了. The bill was torn to pieces. 问题解决了. The problem was solved.
人在阵地在. The position will not be given up so long as we are still living. 人无远虑, If one has no long-term considerations, 必有近忧. he will find trouble at his doorstep.
Chinese
Lacking inflection in the strict sense 缺少严格意义的 形态变化 老师们,同学们 我的爸爸,你的妈妈 认真的态度, 认真地学习
English
Retaining some inflections 保留一些形态变化 v.(动词): tense, aspect, voice, mood n.(名词): number, case, gender pron.(代词): person, gender, case, number adj.(形容词): degree ad.(副词) : degree
Two Types of Transfer
Negative Transfer Positive Transfer (负迁移) (正迁移) Errors arise from Errors decrease by analogy. analysis. 类推会产生错误. 分析能减少错误.
Keen awareness of the similarities and differences between the two languages can facilitate FL learning. 对两种语言相似与相异点的敏锐意识能促进外语学习.
Causes: analogical use of one's prior knowledge of the mother tongue 母语先知结构的类推运用 scanty knowledge of differences between the two languages 对两种语言的差异所知甚少 unconscious falling back on the mother tongue speech habit 不自觉地回归母语的言语习惯