第二讲 科技英语的词汇特征(学生用)
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第二讲机电专业英语词法基础
Part one: words:
1、current loop flux piece gain pig
dog cat cock horse fish snake
bird coat fox shoe brush cap
bed bench cup disk desk house
eye ear table nose hand foot
head finger body hair neck monkey tooth
2、transmission power phase resistance
Part one: 构词法
1、派生词
(1)前缀
①multi- ②hyper-,super ③inter- ④micro- ⑤tele-
10dis-
⑥by- ⑦centi- ⑧co- ⑨counter- ○
○11en- ○12ex- ○13in- ○14kilo- ○15milli- 16mis- ○17a- ○18anti- ○19auto- ○20bi-
○
21semi,hemi ○22non- ○23mono- ○24over- ○25poly- ○
26post- ○27pre- ○28re-
○
(2)后缀
1)常见的构成名词的后缀
○1-age ○2-ance ○3-ant, -ent ○4-er ○5-ese…
○6-ess ○7-graph ○8-ing ○9-ism ○10-ist
○11-ivity ○12-ment ○13-meter ○14-ness ○15-scope
16-or ○17-ship ○18-th ○19-tion ○20-ty
○
21-ure ○22-ware ○23-y
○
2)常见的构成形容词的后缀
○1-able ○2-al ○3-ant ○4-ar ○5-ary
○6-ed ○7-en ○8-ent ○9-ful ○10-ible
○11-ic ○12-ive ○13-less ○14-ly ○15-ous
16-some ○17-y
○
3)常见构成动词的后缀:○1-ate ○2-en ○3-fy ○4-ize
4)常见的构成副词的后缀:○1-ly ○2-wards ○3-wise
2、合成词
1)合成名词
○1名词+名词○2名词+动名词○3动名词+名词○4形容词+名词
○5动词+名词○6副词+动词○7动词+副词
2)合成形容词
○1名词+现在分词○2名词+过去分词○3形容词+现在分词
○4形容词+过去分词○5形容词+名词○6形容词+名词+ed
○7形容词+形容词○8数词+名词○9数词+名词+ed
10副词+现在分词○11副词+过去分词○12介词或副词+名词
○
3)合成动词:○1名词+动词○2形容词+动词○3副词或介词+动词
3、转化法
1)名词转化为动词
2)动词转化为名词
3)形容词转化为名词
4、缩略词
1)节略词(clipped words):maths, ad, dir, lab
2)首字母(Initials):CAD, CAM, CAE, VM, QIS, DB, ES, CPU, DBMS,CGA,ROM, RAM
3)缩写词(Abbreviation):e.g., Ltd., sq.
5、拼缀法:programmatic,telecamera,comsat,forex
Part three: Drills:
1 There is no physical contact between tool and work piece.
2 Public opinion is demanding more and more urgently that something must be done about noise.
3 There is a wide area of performance duplication between numerical control and automatics.
4 High-speed grinding does not know this disadvantage.
5 You found that, in two experiments, hardness and greenness in apple went together with sourness.
6 Gasses differ from solids in that the former has greater compressibility than the latter.
7 The instrument is characterized by its compactness, and portability.
8 The cutting tools must be strong, tough, hard and wear resistant.
9 Dynamics is divided in to statics and kinetics, the former treating of force in equilibrium, the latter of the relation of force to motion.